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Li Z, Yang S, Zhang Z, Wu Y, Tang J, Wang L, Chen S. Enhancement of acarbose production by genetic engineering and fed-batch fermentation strategy in Actinoplanes sp. SIPI12-34. Microb Cell Fact 2022; 21:240. [DOI: 10.1186/s12934-022-01969-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Acarbose, as an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, is widely used clinically to treat type II diabetes. In its industrial production, Actinoplanes sp. SE50/110 is used as the production strain. Lack of research on its regulatory mechanisms and unexplored gene targets are major obstacles to rational strain design. Here, transcriptome sequencing was applied to uncover more gene targets and rational genetic engineering was performed to increase acarbose production.
Results
In this study, with the help of transcriptome information, a TetR family regulator (TetR1) was identified and confirmed to have a positive effect on the synthesis of acarbose by promoting the expression of acbB and acbD. Some genes with low expression levels in the acarbose biosynthesis gene cluster were overexpressed and this resulted in a significant increase in acarbose yield. In addition, the regulation of metabolic pathways was performed to retain more glucose-1-phosphate for acarbose synthesis by weakening the glycogen synthesis pathway and strengthening the glycogen degradation pathway. Eventually, with a combination of multiple strategies and fed-batch fermentation, the yield of acarbose in the engineered strain increased 58% compared to the parent strain, reaching 8.04 g/L, which is the highest fermentation titer reported.
Conclusions
In our research, acarbose production had been effectively and steadily improved through genetic engineering based on transcriptome analysis and fed-batch culture strategy.
Graphical Abstract
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Weng CY, Wang CE, Xie WB, Xu SY, Wang YJ, Zheng YG. Comparative proteome analysis of Actinoplanes utahensis grown on various saccharides based on 2D-DIGE and MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS. J Proteomics 2021; 239:104193. [PMID: 33757877 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Comparative proteomes of Actinoplanes utahensis ZJB-03852 grown on various saccharides (glucose, maltotriose, maltose, glucose + maltose) were analyzed using 2D-DIGE and MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS. Acarbose was detected in all groups except in the glucose only culture. The abundance of acarbose synthesis proteins AcbV, AcbK, AcbL and AcbN was highest in the medium containing mixed glucose and maltose. The accumulation of Zwf and Xpk1 in acarbose-producing media indicated that the cyclitol moiety of acarbose was derived from pentose phosphate pathway. The elevation of GlnA supported that glutamine was a good nitrogen source of the nitrogen-atom in acarbose synthesis. SIGNIFICANCE: Non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, also known as Type II diabetes, constitutes >90% of the diabetes mellitus worldwide. Acarbose is clinically utilized to treat Type II diabetes, but the fermentation process of acarbose-producing Actinoplanes is usually accompanied with structural analogues of acarbose. In this study, we compared the proteomics of Actinoplanes utahensis ZJB-03852 grown on various saccharides by 2D-DIGE and MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS. Our findings highlighted the importance of key proteins in the formation of acarbose and its analogues when A. utahensis was cultivated in various saccharides. These results revealed fundamental data to elucidate the complexity of formation of acarbose analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yue Weng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China; The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Chao-Er Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China; The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Wei-Bang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China; The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Shen-Yuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China; The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
| | - Ya-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China; The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China.
| | - Yu-Guo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China; Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, PR China; The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, PR China
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Wang Z, Wang J, Hu J, Chen Y, Dong B, Wang Y. A comparative study of acarbose, vildagliptin and saxagliptin intended for better efficacy and safety on type 2 diabetes mellitus treatment. Life Sci 2021; 274:119069. [PMID: 33460667 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 01/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
As a complicated metabolic disorder, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is becoming a major health concern worldwide. Drugs including acarbose, saxagliptin and vildagliptin are applied, but their efficacy is still required to be compared. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of acarbose, saxagliptin and vildagliptin in the treatment of T2DM. Ninety patients diagnosed with T2DM were treated with acarbose, saxagliptin and vildagliptin, respectively (30 patients for each drug). All patients were examined at 0, 4 and 12 weeks after treatment with vital signs recorded. Fasting blood glucose and blood biochemical indices were analyzed. In addition, fecal samples were taken for microbial macrogenome sequencing and safety evaluation within 12 weeks after treatment. Blood glucose level decreased at 4 and 12 weeks after treatment, and the total cholesterol (TC) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels at 12 weeks were different. Genus abundance of intestinal flora was altered at different time points. Acarbose increased Butyricimonas level first and then decreased it during drug treatment. Saxagliptin increased Megamonas and decreased Turicibacter genus level gradually. Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Blautia, Faecalibacterium and Roseburia levels fluctuated after Vildagliptin treatment, which increased fasting C-peptide level greater than the other two drugs. Saxagliptin showed higher adverse reactions than acarbose and vildagliptin. Collectively, acarbose, vildagliptin, and saxagliptin can effectively reduce the HbA1c level and affect the intestinal flora distribution in T2DM patients, and the adverse reactions of acarbose and vildagliptin are less than saxagliptin, providing alternative strategies for the treatment of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongchao Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, PR China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Cancer Radiotherapy, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, PR China
| | - Jianxia Hu
- Lab of Thyroid Diseases, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, PR China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, PR China
| | - Bingzi Dong
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, PR China
| | - Yangang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, PR China.
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Weng CY, Shi LZ, Wang YJ, Zheng YG. Transcriptome analysis of Actinoplanes utahensis reveals molecular signature of saccharide impact on acarbose biosynthesis. 3 Biotech 2020; 10:473. [PMID: 33088668 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-020-02466-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Different carbon sources lead to differential acarbose production in Actinoplanes. To uncover the underlying differentiation in the context of genes and pathways, we performed transcriptome sequencing of Actinoplanes utahensis ZJB-03852 grown on different saccharides, such as glucose, maltose, or the saccharide complex consisting of glucose plus maltose. The differentially expressed genes were classified into GO (gene ontology) terms and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathways for functional annotations. Key enriched modules were uncovered. Our data revealed that both maltose and its complex with glucose gave improved acarbose titer. Sugar transportation, cytochrome oxidase, protein synthesis and amino acid metabolism modules were enriched under the saccharide complex condition, while ferritin metabolism gene expressions were enriched in the glucose medium. Our results provided the foundation for uncovering the mechanism of carbon source on acarbose production in A. utahensis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yue Weng
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014 People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Zhen Shi
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014 People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Ya-Jun Wang
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014 People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Guo Zheng
- The National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Biomanufacturing of Chiral Chemicals, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou, 310014 People's Republic of China
- Engineering Research Center of Bioconversion and Biopurification of the Ministry of Education, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014 Zhejiang People's Republic of China
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Schaffert L, Schneiker-Bekel S, Dymek S, Droste J, Persicke M, Busche T, Brandt D, Pühler A, Kalinowski J. Essentiality of the Maltase AmlE in Maltose Utilization and Its Transcriptional Regulation by the Repressor AmlR in the Acarbose-Producing Bacterium Actinoplanes sp. SE50/110. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2448. [PMID: 31736895 PMCID: PMC6828939 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinoplanes sp. SE50/110 is the wild type of industrial production strains of the fine-chemical acarbose (acarviosyl-maltose), which is used as α-glucosidase inhibitor in the treatment of type II diabetes. Although maltose is an important building block of acarbose, the maltose/maltodextrin metabolism has not been studied in Actinoplanes sp. SE50/110 yet. Bioinformatic analysis located a putative maltase gene amlE (ACSP50_2474, previously named malL; Wendler et al., 2015a), in an operon with an upstream PurR/LacI-type transcriptional regulator gene, named amlR (ACSP50_2475), and a gene downstream (ACSP50_2473) encoding a GGDEF-EAL-domain-containing protein putatively involved in c-di-GMP signaling. Targeted gene deletion mutants of amlE and amlR were constructed by use of the CRISPR/Cas9 technology. By growth experiments and functional assays of ΔamlE, we could show that AmlE is essential for the maltose utilization in Actinoplanes sp. SE50/110. Neither a gene encoding a maltose phosphorylase (MalP) nor MalP enzyme activity were detected in the wild type. By this, the maltose/maltodextrin system appears to be fundamentally different from other described prokaryotic systems. By sequence similarity analysis and functional assays from the species Streptomyces lividans TK23, S. coelicolor A3(2) and S. glaucescens GLA.O, first hints for a widespread lack of MalP and presence of AmlE in the class Actinobacteria were given. Transcription of the aml operon is significantly repressed in the wild type when growing on glucose and repression is absent in an ΔamlR deletion mutant. Although AmlR apparently is a local transcriptional regulator of the aml operon, the ΔamlR strain shows severe growth inhibitions on glucose and – concomitantly – differential transcription of several genes of various functional classes. We ascribe these effects to ACSP50_2473, which is localized downstream of amlE and presumably involved in the metabolism of the second messenger c-di-GMP. It can be assumed, that maltose does not only represent the most important carbon source of Actinoplanes sp. SE50/110, but that its metabolism is coupled to the nucleotide messenger system of c-di-GMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Schaffert
- Microbial Genomics and Biotechnology, Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Susanne Schneiker-Bekel
- Microbial Genomics and Biotechnology, Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany.,Senior Research Group in Genome Research of Industrial Microorganisms, Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Saskia Dymek
- Microbial Genomics and Biotechnology, Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Julian Droste
- Microbial Genomics and Biotechnology, Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Marcus Persicke
- Microbial Genomics and Biotechnology, Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Tobias Busche
- Microbial Genomics and Biotechnology, Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - David Brandt
- Microbial Genomics and Biotechnology, Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Alfred Pühler
- Senior Research Group in Genome Research of Industrial Microorganisms, Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jörn Kalinowski
- Microbial Genomics and Biotechnology, Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
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Wolf T, Droste J, Gren T, Ortseifen V, Schneiker-Bekel S, Zemke T, Pühler A, Kalinowski J. The MalR type regulator AcrC is a transcriptional repressor of acarbose biosynthetic genes in Actinoplanes sp. SE50/110. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:562. [PMID: 28743243 PMCID: PMC5526262 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3941-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Acarbose is used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus type II and is produced by Actinoplanes sp. SE50/110. Although the biosynthesis of acarbose has been intensively studied, profound knowledge about transcription factors involved in acarbose biosynthesis and their binding sites has been missing until now. In contrast to acarbose biosynthetic gene clusters in Streptomyces spp., the corresponding gene cluster of Actinoplanes sp. SE50/110 lacks genes for transcriptional regulators. Results The acarbose regulator C (AcrC) was identified through an in silico approach by aligning the LacI family regulators of acarbose biosynthetic gene clusters in Streptomyces spp. with the Actinoplanes sp. SE50/110 genome. The gene for acrC, located in a head-to-head arrangement with the maltose/maltodextrin ABC transporter malEFG operon, was deleted by introducing PCR targeting for Actinoplanes sp. SE50/110. Characterization was carried out through cultivation experiments, genome-wide microarray hybridizations, and RT-qPCR as well as electrophoretic mobility shift assays for the elucidation of binding motifs. The results show that AcrC binds to the intergenic region between acbE and acbD in Actinoplanes sp. SE50/110 and acts as a transcriptional repressor on these genes. The transcriptomic profile of the wild type was reconstituted through a complementation of the deleted acrC gene. Additionally, regulatory sequence motifs for the binding of AcrC were identified in the intergenic region of acbE and acbD. It was shown that AcrC expression influences acarbose formation in the early growth phase. Interestingly, AcrC does not regulate the malEFG operon. Conclusions This study characterizes the first known transcription factor of the acarbose biosynthetic gene cluster in Actinoplanes sp. SE50/110. It therefore represents an important step for understanding the regulatory network of this organism. Based on this work, rational strain design for improving the biotechnological production of acarbose can now be implemented. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3941-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo Wolf
- Microbial Genomics and Biotechnology, Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 27, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Julian Droste
- Microbial Genomics and Biotechnology, Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 27, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Tetiana Gren
- Microbial Genomics and Biotechnology, Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 27, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Vera Ortseifen
- Senior Research Group in Genome Research of Industrial Microorganisms, Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 27, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Susanne Schneiker-Bekel
- Senior Research Group in Genome Research of Industrial Microorganisms, Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 27, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Till Zemke
- Product Supply, Bayer Pharma AG, Friedrich Ebert Str. 217-475, 42117, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Alfred Pühler
- Senior Research Group in Genome Research of Industrial Microorganisms, Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 27, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jörn Kalinowski
- Microbial Genomics and Biotechnology, Center for Biotechnology, Bielefeld University, Universitätsstraße 27, 33615, Bielefeld, Germany.
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Wirngo FE, Lambert MN, Jeppesen PB. The Physiological Effects of Dandelion (Taraxacum Officinale) in Type 2 Diabetes. Rev Diabet Stud 2016; 13:113-131. [PMID: 28012278 DOI: 10.1900/rds.2016.13.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The tremendous rise in the economic burden of type 2 diabetes (T2D) has prompted a search for alternative and less expensive medicines. Dandelion offers a compelling profile of bioactive components with potential anti-diabetic properties. The Taraxacum genus from the Asteraceae family is found in the temperate zone of the Northern hemisphere. It is available in several areas around the world. In many countries, it is used as food and in some countries as therapeutics for the control and treatment of T2D. The anti-diabetic properties of dandelion are attributed to bioactive chemical components; these include chicoric acid, taraxasterol (TS), chlorogenic acid, and sesquiterpene lactones. Studies have outlined the useful pharmacological profile of dandelion for the treatment of an array of diseases, although little attention has been paid to the effects of its bioactive components on T2D to date. This review recapitulates previous work on dandelion and its potential for the treatment and prevention of T2D, highlighting its anti-diabetic properties, the structures of its chemical components, and their potential mechanisms of action in T2D. Although initial research appears promising, data on the cellular impact of dandelion are limited, necessitating further work on clonal β-cell lines (INS-1E), α-cell lines, and human skeletal cell lines for better identification of the active components that could be of use in the control and treatment of T2D. In fact, extensive in-vitro, in-vivo, and clinical research is required to investigate further the pharmacological, physiological, and biochemical mechanisms underlying the effects of dandelion-derived compounds on T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fonyuy E Wirngo
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, DK-8000 C, Denmark
| | - Max N Lambert
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, DK-8000 C, Denmark
| | - Per B Jeppesen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, DK-8000 C, Denmark
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Wendler S, Otto A, Ortseifen V, Bonn F, Neshat A, Schneiker-Bekel S, Wolf T, Zemke T, Wehmeier UF, Hecker M, Kalinowski J, Becher D, Pühler A. Comparative proteome analysis of Actinoplanes sp. SE50/110 grown with maltose or glucose shows minor differences for acarbose biosynthesis proteins but major differences for saccharide transporters. J Proteomics 2016; 131:140-148. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Wendler S, Otto A, Ortseifen V, Bonn F, Neshat A, Schneiker-Bekel S, Walter F, Wolf T, Zemke T, Wehmeier UF, Hecker M, Kalinowski J, Becher D, Pühler A. Comprehensive proteome analysis of Actinoplanes sp. SE50/110 highlighting the location of proteins encoded by the acarbose and the pyochelin biosynthesis gene cluster. J Proteomics 2015; 125:1-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2015.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Wang Y, Xu N, Ye C, Liu L, Shi Z, Wu J. Reconstruction and in silico analysis of an Actinoplanes sp. SE50/110 genome-scale metabolic model for acarbose production. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:632. [PMID: 26161077 PMCID: PMC4479805 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 06/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinoplanes sp. SE50/110 produces the α-glucosidase inhibitor acarbose, which is used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus. To obtain a comprehensive understanding of its cellular metabolism, a genome-scale metabolic model of strain SE50/110, iYLW1028, was reconstructed on the bases of the genome annotation, biochemical databases, and extensive literature mining. Model iYLW1028 comprises 1028 genes, 1128 metabolites, and 1219 reactions. One hundred and twenty-two and eighty one genes were essential for cell growth on acarbose synthesis and sucrose media, respectively, and the acarbose biosynthetic pathway in SE50/110 was expounded completely. Based on model predictions, the addition of arginine and histidine to the media increased acarbose production by 78 and 59%, respectively. Additionally, dissolved oxygen has a great effect on acarbose production based on model predictions. Furthermore, genes to be overexpressed for the overproduction of acarbose were identified, and the deletion of treY eliminated the formation of by-product component C. Model iYLW1028 is a useful platform for optimizing and systems metabolic engineering for acarbose production in Actinoplanes sp. SE50/110.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Wang
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University Wuxi, China ; State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University Wuxi, China ; Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University Wuxi, China
| | - Nan Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University Wuxi, China ; Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University Wuxi, China
| | - Chao Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University Wuxi, China ; Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University Wuxi, China
| | - Liming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University Wuxi, China ; Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University Wuxi, China
| | - Zhongping Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University Wuxi, China ; Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University Wuxi, China
| | - Jing Wu
- Wuxi Medical School, Jiangnan University Wuxi, China ; Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University Wuxi, China
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Carbon source dependent biosynthesis of acarviose metabolites in Actinoplanes sp. SE50/110. J Biotechnol 2014; 191:113-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 07/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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The cytosolic and extracellular proteomes of Actinoplanes sp. SE50/110 led to the identification of gene products involved in acarbose metabolism. J Biotechnol 2013; 167:178-89. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/10/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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13
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Comparative RNA-sequencing of the acarbose producer Actinoplanes sp. SE50/110 cultivated in different growth media. J Biotechnol 2013; 167:166-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2012] [Revised: 09/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Li KT, Zhou J, Wei SJ, Cheng X. An optimized industrial fermentation processes for acarbose production by Actinoplanes sp. A56. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 118:580-583. [PMID: 22704188 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2012] [Revised: 05/01/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Acarbose, a competitive α-glucosidase inhibitor, is clinically and widely used in the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus. In order to improve the industrial acarbose productivity by Actinoplanes sp. A56, the classical fermentation conditions such as total sugar concentration in broths, pH value and dissolved oxygen (DO) level were systematically investigated in a 30000-l fermenter, respectively. It was observed that a high-concentration total sugar (75-80 g/l), 7.0-7.2 of pH value and 40-50% of DO concentration were favorable for acarbose production. As a result, the final acarbose yield was elevated to approximately 5000 mg/l at 168 h of fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-tai Li
- Nanchang Key Laboratory of Applied Fermentation Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
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Trehalose-recycling ABC transporter LpqY-SugA-SugB-SugC is essential for virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:21761-6. [PMID: 21118978 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1014642108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is an exclusively human pathogen that proliferates within phagosomes of host phagocytes. Host lipids are believed to provide the major carbon and energy sources for Mtb, with only limited availability of carbohydrates. There is an apparent paradox because five putative carbohydrate uptake permeases are present in Mtb, but there are essentially no host carbohydrates inside phagosomes. Nevertheless, carbohydrate transporters have been implicated in Mtb pathogenesis, suggesting that acquisition of host sugars is important during some stages of infection. Here we show, however, that the LpqY-SugA-SugB-SugC ATP-binding cassette transporter is highly specific for uptake of the disaccharide trehalose, a sugar not present in mammals, thus refuting a role in nutrient acquisition from the host. Trehalose release is known to occur as a byproduct of the biosynthesis of the mycolic acid cell envelope by Mtb's antigen 85 complex. The antigen 85 complex constitutes a group of extracellular mycolyl transferases, which transfer the lipid moiety of the glycolipid trehalose monomycolate (TMM) to arabinogalactan or another molecule of TMM, yielding trehalose dimycolate. These reactions also lead to the concomitant extracellular release of the trehalose moiety of TMM. We found that the LpqY-SugA-SugB-SugC ATP-binding cassette transporter is a recycling system mediating the retrograde transport of released trehalose. Perturbations in trehalose recycling strongly impaired virulence of Mtb. This study reveals an unexpected accessory component involved in the formation of the mycolic acid cell envelope in mycobacteria and provides a previously unknown role for sugar transporters in bacterial pathogenesis.
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Vahedi-Faridi A, Licht A, Bulut H, Scheffel F, Keller S, Wehmeier UF, Saenger W, Schneider E. Crystal structures of the solute receptor GacH of Streptomyces glaucescens in complex with acarbose and an acarbose homolog: comparison with the acarbose-loaded maltose-binding protein of Salmonella typhimurium. J Mol Biol 2010; 397:709-23. [PMID: 20132828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2010.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2009] [Revised: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/26/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
GacH is the solute binding protein (receptor) of the putative oligosaccharide ATP-binding cassette transporter GacFG, encoded in the acarbose biosynthetic gene cluster (gac) from Streptomyces glaucescens GLA.O. In the context of the proposed function of acarbose (acarviosyl-1,4-maltose) as a 'carbophor,' the transporter, in complex with a yet to be identified ATPase subunit, is supposed to mediate the uptake of longer acarbose homologs and acarbose for recycling purposes. Binding assays using isothermal titration calorimetry identified GacH as a maltose/maltodextrin-binding protein with a low affinity for acarbose but with considerable binding activity for its homolog, component 5C (acarviosyl-1,4-maltose-1,4-glucose-1,1-glucose). In contrast, the maltose-binding protein of Salmonella typhimurium (MalE) displays high-affinity acarbose binding. We determined the crystal structures of GacH in complex with acarbose, component 5C, and maltotetraose, as well as in unliganded form. As found for other solute receptors, the polypeptide chain of GacH is folded into two distinct domains (lobes) connected by a hinge, with the interface between the lobes forming the substrate-binding pocket. GacH does not specifically bind the acarviosyl group, but displays specificity for binding of the maltose moiety in the inner part of its binding pocket. The crystal structure of acarbose-loaded MalE showed that two glucose units of acarbose are bound at the same region and position as maltose. A comparative analysis revealed that in GacH, acarbose is buried deeper into the binding pocket than in MalE by exactly one glucose ring shift, resulting in a total of 18 hydrogen-bond interactions versus 21 hydrogen-bond interactions for MalE(acarbose). Since the substrate specificity of ATP-binding cassette import systems is determined by the cognate binding protein, our results provide the first biochemical and structural evidence for the proposed role of GacHFG in acarbose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardeschir Vahedi-Faridi
- Institut für Chemie und Biochemie/Kristallographie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Lee JS, Hai T, Pape H, Kim TJ, Suh JW. Three trehalose synthetic pathways in the acarbose-producing Actinoplanes sp. SN223/29 and evidence for the TreY role in biosynthesis of component C. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2008; 80:767-78. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-008-1582-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2008] [Revised: 06/18/2008] [Accepted: 06/18/2008] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kilic AO, Honeyman AL, Tao L. Overlapping substrate specificity for sucrose and maltose of two binding protein-dependent sugar uptake systems in Streptococcus mutans. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2007; 266:218-23. [PMID: 17233733 DOI: 10.1111/j.1574-6968.2006.00522.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugar metabolism by Streptococcus mutans is associated with tooth decay. The most abundant sugars in the human diet are sucrose and maltose, a derivative of starch. Previously, we reported a binding protein-dependent transport system (msm) in S. mutans that transports sucrose and maltose, but its associated enzymes do not metabolize maltose. By searching the S. mutans genomic sequence for a maltose system (mal), we found a gene cluster encoding proteins with homology to those of msm and the Escherichia coli maltose system. Mutants were constructed by deleting msm or mal, or both, and tested for sugar utilization. Deletion of the mal system diminished the ability of S. mutans to ferment maltose, but deletion of only the mal transporter genes or msm showed reduced utilization of chromogenic maltosides. Maltose, sucrose, glucose, fructose, mannose, and N-acetyl glucosamine inhibited utilization of chromogenic maltosides by the wild-type strain and mutants. In conclusion, the two binding protein-dependent systems in S. mutans appear to transport collaboratively their common substrate sugars, notably sucrose and maltose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali O Kilic
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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