1
|
Ventrapragada A, Gumucio JA, Salcido DD, Menegazzi JJ. Revisiting the "Scanty Science" of Prehospital Emergency Care 25 Years Later. PREHOSP EMERG CARE 2024:1-4. [PMID: 39255437 DOI: 10.1080/10903127.2024.2396954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 08/13/2024] [Accepted: 08/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to quantify the number of prehospital randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in the 25 years since the Callaham editorial and review his perception of prehospital emergency care as "scanty" science. METHODS We replicated Callaham's methods to retrieve publications related to prehospital randomized controlled trials (RCTs). This study systematically searched over 35 million citations cataloged by the National Library of Medicine in the PubMed Database between January 1, 1998, and December 31, 2022. Two independent reviewers screened titles, abstracts, and full manuscripts in two rounds, and key terms that indicated RCTs, such as randomized and controlled, standard, or placebo-controlled were identified. RESULTS The final study group of prehospital RCTs published between 1998 and 2022 included 141 papers. Of the 141 RCTs, 48.2% concluded no significant difference between the intervention and control groups. The average number of RCTs per year was 5.6. Trials during the study period were conducted in 19 different countries, and multinationally. CONCLUSION In the time period reported by Callaham, the average number of prehospital RCTs was 4.5 per year. The number of prehospital RCTs published per year has increased only slightly, to 5.6 per year, in the 25 years since Callaham described prehospital emergency care as a "scanty science."
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jorge A Gumucio
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - David D Salcido
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - James J Menegazzi
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Moens E, Degraeuwe E, Caputo Maria L, Cresta R, Arys R, Van Moorter N, Tackaert T, Benvenuti C, Auricchio A, Vercammen S. A roadmap to building first responder networks: Lessons learned and best practices from Belgium and Switzerland. Resusc Plus 2023; 16:100469. [PMID: 37779882 PMCID: PMC10539931 DOI: 10.1016/j.resplu.2023.100469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Limited bystander assistance and delayed emergency medical service arrival reduce the chances of survival in cardiac arrest victims. Early basic life support through trained first responders (FR) and automatic external defibrillation both improve the outcome. Well-organized FR networks have shown promise, but guidance on effective implementation is lacking. This study evaluates two FR networks, in Belgium and in Switzerland, to identify main advancements in the development of such systems. Method Direct comparison is made of the barriers and facilitators in the development of both FR systems from 2006 up until December 2022, and summarized within a roadmap. Results The Roadmap comprises four integral steps: exploration, installation, initiation, and implementation. Exploration involves understanding the national legislation, engaging with advisory bodies, and establishing local steering committees. The installation phase focuses on FR recruitment, engaging specific professional groups such as firemen, registering public Automated External Defibrillators (AEDs), and requesting feedback. The initiation step includes implementing improvement cycles and fidelity measures. Finally, implementation expands the network, leading to increased survival rates and the integration of these practices into legislation. A significant focus is placed on FR's psychological wellbeing. Moreover, the roadmap highlights the use of efficient geo-mapping to simplify optimal AED placement and automatically assign FRs to tasks. Conclusion The importance of FR networks for early resuscitation is increasingly recognized and various systems are being developed. Key developmental strategies of the EVapp and Ticino Cuore app system may serve as a roadmap for other systems and implementations within Europe and beyond.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eva Degraeuwe
- Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Emergency Volunteer Application (EVapp) NGO, Belgium
| | - Luce Caputo Maria
- Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Lugano, Switzerland
- Fondazione Ticino Cuore, Lugano, Switzerland
| | | | - Robin Arys
- Emergency Volunteer Application (EVapp) NGO, Belgium
| | - Nina Van Moorter
- Emergency Volunteer Application (EVapp) NGO, Belgium
- OLVG Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thomas Tackaert
- Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Emergency Volunteer Application (EVapp) NGO, Belgium
| | | | - Angelo Auricchio
- Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, Lugano, Switzerland
- Fondazione Ticino Cuore, Lugano, Switzerland
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Niederer M, Tscherny K, Burger J, Wandl B, Fuhrmann V, Kienbacher CL, Schreiber W, Herkner H, Roth D, Egger A. Influence of high altitude after a prior ascent on physical exhaustion during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a randomised crossover alpine field experiment. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2023; 31:59. [PMID: 37875893 PMCID: PMC10599065 DOI: 10.1186/s13049-023-01132-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) inevitably causes significant physical, as well as psychological stress for rescuers. Physical activity at high altitude, a hypobaric and hypoxic environment, similarly adds to the level of stress and causes multiple physiological changes. Continuous measurement of pulse rate serves as an objective measure of fatigue during CPR. We therefore aimed to investigate rescuers' heart rates as a measure of physical strain during CPR in a high-altitude alpine environment to provide a better understanding of the physiological changes under these very special conditions. METHODS Twenty experienced mountaineers performed basic life support (BLS) on a manikin for 16 min, both at baseline altitude and at high altitude (3454 m) following a quick and exhausting ascent over 1200 m. Sequence of scenarios was randomised for analysis. Heart rate was continuously measured and compared between baseline and high altitude by absolute differences and robust confidence intervals. RESULTS During CPR at baseline, the average heart rate increased from 87 bpm (SD 16 bpm) to 104 bpm [increase 17 bpm (95% CI 8.24-24.76)], compared to an increase from 119 bpm (SD 12 bpm) to 124 bpm [increase 5 bpm (95% CI - 1.59 to 12.19)] at high altitude [difference between two groups 32 bpm (95% CI 25-39)]. Differences between periods of chest compressions and ventilations were very similar at baseline [19 bpm (95%CI 16.98-20.27)] and at high altitude [20 bpm 95% CI 18.56-21.44)], despite starting from a much higher level at high altitude. The average heart rates of rescuers at high altitude at any point were higher than those at baseline at any other point. CONCLUSION Performing BLS CPR causes exhaustion both at base level and at a high altitude. A further increase during CPR might imply a physiological reserve for adapting to additional physical exertion at high altitude. Phases of ventilation are much needed recovery-periods, but heart rates remain very high. Subjective measures of exhaustion, such as the BORG-scale, might lead to rescuers' overestimation of their own performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Niederer
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hospital Scheibbs, Eisenwurzenstraße 26, 3270, Scheibbs, Austria
- Mountain Rescue Service Austria, Baumgasse 129, 1030, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Tscherny
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hospital Scheibbs, Eisenwurzenstraße 26, 3270, Scheibbs, Austria
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Josef Burger
- Mountain Rescue Service Austria, Baumgasse 129, 1030, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Paediatrics, Hospital Lienz, Emanuel von Hibler-Straße 5 A, 9900, Lienz, Austria
| | - Bettina Wandl
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Nursing Science, Department of Nursing Science and Gerontology, UMIT TIROL - Private University for Health Sciences and Health Technology, Hall in Tyrol, Austria
| | - Verena Fuhrmann
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Calvin L Kienbacher
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Schreiber
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Herkner
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominik Roth
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Spitalgasse 23, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Alexander Egger
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hospital Scheibbs, Eisenwurzenstraße 26, 3270, Scheibbs, Austria
- Mountain Rescue Service Austria, Baumgasse 129, 1030, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Heffernan E, Keegan D, Mc Sharry J, Barry T, Tugwell P, Murphy AW, Deasy C, Menzies D, O'Donnell C, Masterson S. Community first response and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: Identifying priorities for data collection, analysis, and use via the nominal group technique. Resusc Plus 2022; 9:100197. [PMID: 35059679 PMCID: PMC8760509 DOI: 10.1016/j.resplu.2021.100197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Community First Response (CFR) is an important component of Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest management in many countries, including Ireland. Reliable, strategic data collection and analysis are required to support the development of CFR. However, data on CFR are currently limited in Ireland and internationally. This research aimed to identify the most important CFR data to record, the most important uses of CFR data, and barriers and facilitators to CFR data collection and use. METHODS The Nominal Group Technique structured consensus process was used. An expert panel comprising key stakeholders, including volunteers, clinicians, researchers, policy-makers, and a patient, completed a survey to generate lists of the most important CFR data to record and the most important uses of CFR data. Subsequently, they participated in a consensus meeting to agree the top ten priorities from each list. They also identified barriers and facilitators to CFR data collection and use. RESULTS The top ten CFR data items to record included volunteer response time, interventions/activities completed by volunteers, and the mental/physical impact on volunteers. The top ten most important uses of CFR data included providing feedback to volunteers, improving volunteer training, and measuring CFR effectiveness. Barriers included time constraints and limited training. Facilitators included having appropriate software/equipment and collecting minimal data. CONCLUSION The results can guide CFR research and inform the development of CFR data collection and analysis policy and practice in Ireland and internationally. Ultimately, improving CFR data collection and use will help to optimise this important intervention and enhance its evidence base.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eithne Heffernan
- Discipline of General Practice, Clinical Science Institute, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Dylan Keegan
- Discipline of General Practice, Clinical Science Institute, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Jenny Mc Sharry
- Health Behaviour Change Research Group, School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Tomás Barry
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Peter Tugwell
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- The World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Knowledge Translation and Health Technology Assessment in Health Equity, Bruyère Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew W. Murphy
- Discipline of General Practice, Clinical Science Institute, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Conor Deasy
- Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
- National Ambulance Service, Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Menzies
- St Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- CFR Ireland, Ireland
| | | | - Siobhan Masterson
- Discipline of General Practice, Clinical Science Institute, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
- Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Brooks SC, Clegg GR, Bray J, Deakin CD, Perkins GD, Ringh M, Smith CM, Link MS, Merchant RM, Pezo-Morales J, Parr M, Morrison LJ, Wang TL, Koster RW, Ong MEH. Optimizing Outcomes After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest With Innovative Approaches to Public-Access Defibrillation: A Scientific Statement From the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation. Circulation 2022; 145:e776-e801. [PMID: 35164535 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0000000000001013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is a global public health issue experienced by ≈3.8 million people annually. Only 8% to 12% survive to hospital discharge. Early defibrillation of shockable rhythms is associated with improved survival, but ensuring timely access to defibrillators has been a significant challenge. To date, the development of public-access defibrillation programs, involving the deployment of automated external defibrillators into the public space, has been the main strategy to address this challenge. Public-access defibrillator programs have been associated with improved outcomes for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest; however, the devices are used in <3% of episodes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. This scientific statement was commissioned by the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation with 3 objectives: (1) identify known barriers to public-access defibrillator use and early defibrillation, (2) discuss established and novel strategies to address those barriers, and (3) identify high-priority knowledge gaps for future research to address. The writing group undertook systematic searches of the literature to inform this statement. Innovative strategies were identified that relate to enhanced public outreach, behavior change approaches, optimization of static public-access defibrillator deployment and housing, evolved automated external defibrillator technology and functionality, improved integration of public-access defibrillation with existing emergency dispatch protocols, and exploration of novel automated external defibrillator delivery vectors. We provide evidence- and consensus-based policy suggestions to enhance public-access defibrillation and guidance for future research in this area.
Collapse
|
6
|
Brooks SC, Clegg GR, Bray J, Deakin CD, Perkins GD, Ringh M, Smith CM, Link MS, Merchant RM, Pezo-Morales J, Parr M, Morrison LJ, Wang TL, Koster RW, Ong MEH. Optimizing outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with innovative approaches to public-access defibrillation: A scientific statement from the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation. Resuscitation 2022; 172:204-228. [PMID: 35181376 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is a global public health issue experienced by ≈3.8 million people annually. Only 8% to 12% survive to hospital discharge. Early defibrillation of shockable rhythms is associated with improved survival, but ensuring timely access to defibrillators has been a significant challenge. To date, the development of public-access defibrillation programs, involving the deployment of automated external defibrillators into the public space, has been the main strategy to address this challenge. Public-access defibrillator programs have been associated with improved outcomes for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest; however, the devices are used in <3% of episodes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. This scientific statement was commissioned by the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation with 3 objectives: (1) identify known barriers to public-access defibrillator use and early defibrillation, (2) discuss established and novel strategies to address those barriers, and (3) identify high-priority knowledge gaps for future research to address. The writing group undertook systematic searches of the literature to inform this statement. Innovative strategies were identified that relate to enhanced public outreach, behavior change approaches, optimization of static public-access defibrillator deployment and housing, evolved automated external defibrillator technology and functionality, improved integration of public-access defibrillation with existing emergency dispatch protocols, and exploration of novel automated external defibrillator delivery vectors. We provide evidence- and consensus-based policy suggestions to enhance public-access defibrillation and guidance for future research in this area.
Collapse
|
7
|
Berglund E, Olsson E, Jonsson M, Svensson L, Hollenberg J, Claesson A, Nordberg P, Lundgren P, Högstedt Å, Ringh M. Wellbeing, emotional response and stress among lay responders dispatched to suspected out-of-hospital cardiac arrests. Resuscitation 2021; 170:352-360. [PMID: 34774709 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systems for smartphone dispatch of lay responders to perform cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and bring automated external defibrillators to out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCAs) are advocated by recent international guidelines and emerging worldwide. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the emotional responses, posttraumatic stress reactions and levels of wellbeing among smartphone-alerted lay responders dispatched to suspected OHCAs. METHODS Lay responders were stratified by level of exposure: unexposed (Exp-0), tried to reach (Exp-1), and reached the suspected OHCA (Exp-2). Participants rated their emotional responses online, at 90 minutes and at 4-6 weeks after an incident. Level of emotional response was measured in two dimensions of core affect: "alertness" - from deactivation to activation, and "pleasantness" - from unpleasant to pleasant. At 4-6 weeks, WHO wellbeing index and level of posttraumatic stress (PTSD) were also rated. RESULTS Altogether, 915 (28%) unexposed and 1471 (64%) exposed responders completed the survey. Alertness was elevated in the exposed groups: Exp-0: 6.7 vs. Exp-1: 7.3 and Exp-2: 7.5, (p < 0.001) and pleasantness was highest in the unexposed group: 6.5, vs. Exp-1: 6.3, and Exp-2: 6.1, (p < 0.001). Mean scores for PTSD at follow-up was below clinical cut-off, Exp-0: 9.9, Exp-1: 8.9 and Exp-2: 8.8 (p = 0.065). Wellbeing index showed no differences, Exp-0: 78.0, Exp-1: 78.5 and Exp-2: 79.9 (p = 0.596). CONCLUSION Smartphone dispatched lay responders rated the experience as high-energy and mainly positive. No harm to the lay responders was seen. The exposed groups had low posttraumatic stress scores and high-level general wellbeing at follow-up.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellinor Berglund
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Centre for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Erik Olsson
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Clinical Psychology in Healthcare, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Martin Jonsson
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Centre for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Leif Svensson
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Centre for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jacob Hollenberg
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Centre for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Claesson
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Centre for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Per Nordberg
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Centre for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Peter Lundgren
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden; Prehospen - Centre for Prehospital Research, University of Borås, Sweden; Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Cardiology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Åsa Högstedt
- Faculty of Caring Science, Work Life and Social Welfare, University of Borås, Sweden
| | - Mattias Ringh
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Centre for Resuscitation Science, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kragh AR, Andelius L, Gregers MT, Kjølbye JS, Jørgensen AJ, Christensen AK, Zinckernagel L, Torp-Pedersen C, Folke F, Hansen CM. Immediate psychological impact on citizen responders dispatched through a mobile application to out-of-hospital cardiac arrests. Resusc Plus 2021; 7:100155. [PMID: 34430949 PMCID: PMC8371246 DOI: 10.1016/j.resplu.2021.100155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Activating citizen responders may increase survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) but could induce significant psychological impact on the citizen responders. We examined psychological impact among citizen responders within the first days following resuscitation attempt. Methods and Results A mobile phone application to activate citizen responders to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was implemented in the Capital Region of Denmark. All dispatched citizen responders (September 2017 to May 2019) received a survey 90 minutes after an alarm, including self-rating of perceived psychological impact on a scale of 1–4. Of 5,395 included citizen responders, most (88.6%) completed the survey within 24 hours. The majority reported no psychological impact (68.6%), whereas 24.7%, 5.5% and 1.2% reported low, moderate, or severe impact, respectively. Severe impact was more commonly reported in the following groups: No CPR training (3.8% vs 1.2%, p = 0.02), age < 30 years (2.0% vs 0.9%, p < 0.001), female sex (1.8% vs 0.7%, p < 0.001), provided CPR (2.7% vs 1.0%, p < 0.001), and arrived prior to the emergency medical services (EMS) (2.8% vs 0.7%, p < 0.001) compared to no to moderate impact. Chi square test, Mann-Whitney U test, Fischer’s exact test and a logistic regression model were used to assess differences in psychological impact across groups. Conclusion Very few citizen responders reported severe psychological impact. Lack of prior CPR training, younger age, female sex, performing CPR and arrival prior to the EMS were associated with greater psychological impact. Though very few citizen responders reported severe impact, the possibility of professional debriefing should be considered in citizen responder programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Rolin Kragh
- Copenhagen Emergency Medical Services, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Linn Andelius
- Copenhagen Emergency Medical Services, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mads Tofte Gregers
- Copenhagen Emergency Medical Services, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Julie Samsøe Kjølbye
- Copenhagen Emergency Medical Services, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Juul Jørgensen
- Copenhagen Emergency Medical Services, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Line Zinckernagel
- National Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Christian Torp-Pedersen
- Department of Cardiology, Aalborg University Hospital, Denmark.,Department of Cardiology, North Zealand Hospital, Denmark
| | - Fredrik Folke
- Copenhagen Emergency Medical Services, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Cardiology, Herlev Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carolina Malta Hansen
- Copenhagen Emergency Medical Services, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Cardiology, Herlev Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hirayama I, Doi K, Yamamoto M, Toida C, Morimura N. Evaluation of Autonomous Actions on Bystander-Initiated Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Public Access Defibrillation in Tokyo. Int Heart J 2021; 62:879-884. [PMID: 34276018 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.21-016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The frequencies of autonomous bystander-initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and public access defibrillation have not yet been clarified. We aimed to evaluate the frequency of autonomous actions by citizens not having a duty to act.This retrospective observational study included patients who suffered an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in Tokyo between January 1, 2013 and December 31, 2017. The Delphi method with a panel of 11 experts classified the locations of OHCA resuscitations into 3 categories as follows; autonomous, non autonomous, and undetermined. The locations determined as autonomous were further divided into 2 groups; home and other locations. Bystander-initiated CPR and application of an automated external defibrillator (AED) pad were evaluated in 43,460 patients with OHCA.Group A (non autonomous), group B (autonomous, not home), and group C (home), consisted of 7,352, 3,193, and 32,915 patients, respectively. Compared with group A, group B and group C had significantly lower rates of bystander-initiated CPR (group A, B, C; 68.3% versus 38.6% versus 23.9%) and AED pad application (groups A, B, C; 26.8% versus 15.1% versus 0.6%). In addition, multivariate analysis demonstrated that an autonomous location of resuscitation was independently associated with the frequencies of bystander-initiated CPR and AED pad application, even after adjusting for age, sex, and witness status.Autonomous actions by citizens were unacceptably infrequent. Therefore, the education and training of citizens is necessary to further enhance autonomous CPR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Hirayama
- Department of Acute Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Kent Doi
- Department of Acute Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Miyuki Yamamoto
- Department of Acute Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Chiaki Toida
- Department of Acute Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| | - Naoto Morimura
- Department of Acute Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Heffernan E, Mc Sharry J, Murphy A, Barry T, Deasy C, Menzies D, Masterson S. Community first response and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a qualitative study of the views and experiences of international experts. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e042307. [PMID: 33757945 PMCID: PMC7993284 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This research aimed to examine the perspectives, experiences and practices of international experts in community first response: an intervention that entails the mobilisation of volunteers by the emergency medical services to respond to prehospital medical emergencies, particularly cardiac arrests, in their locality. DESIGN This was a qualitative study in which semistructured interviews were conducted via teleconferencing. The data were analysed in accordance with an established thematic analysis procedure. SETTING There were participants from 11 countries: UK, USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Singapore, Ireland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark and the Netherlands. PARTICIPANTS Sixteen individuals who held academic, clinical or managerial roles in the field of community first response were recruited. Maximum variation sampling targeted individuals who varied in terms of gender, occupation and country of employment. There were eight men and eight women. They included ambulance service chief executives, community first response programme managers and cardiac arrest registry managers. RESULTS The findings provided insights on motivating and supporting community first response volunteers, as well as the impact of this intervention. First, volunteers can be motivated by 'bottom-up factors', particularly their characteristics or past experiences, as well as 'top-down factors', including culture and legislation. Second, providing ongoing support, especially feedback and psychological services, is considered important for maintaining volunteer well-being and engagement. Third, community first response can have a beneficial impact that extends not only to patients but also to their family, their community and to the volunteers themselves. CONCLUSIONS The findings can inform the future development of community first response programmes, especially in terms of volunteer recruitment, training and support. The results also have implications for future research by highlighting that this intervention has important outcomes, beyond response times and patient survival, which should be measured, including the benefits for families, communities and volunteers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eithne Heffernan
- Discipline of General Practice, Clinical Science Institute, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Jenny Mc Sharry
- Health Behaviour Change Research Group, School of Psychology, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Andrew Murphy
- Discipline of General Practice, Clinical Science Institute, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Tomás Barry
- School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Conor Deasy
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
- National Ambulance Service, Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland
| | - David Menzies
- National Ambulance Service, Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland
- St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- CFR Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Siobhan Masterson
- Discipline of General Practice, Clinical Science Institute, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
- National Ambulance Service, Health Service Executive, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pei-Chuan Huang E, Chiang WC, Lu TC, Wang CH, Sun JT, Hsieh MJ, Wang HC, Yang CW, Lin CH, Lin JJ, Yang MC, Huei-Ming Ma M. Barriers to bystanders defibrillation: A national survey on public awareness and willingness of bystanders defibrillation ☆. J Formos Med Assoc 2020; 120:974-982. [PMID: 33218851 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2020.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND After years of setting up public automated external defibrillators (AEDs), the rate of bystander AED use remains low all over the world. This study aimed to assess the public awareness and willingness of bystanders to use AEDs and to investigate the awareness on the Good Samaritan Law (GSL) and the factors associated with the low rate of bystander AED use. METHODS Using stratified random sampling, national telephone interviews were conducted using an author-designed structured questionnaire. The results were weighted to match the census data in Taiwan. The factors associated with public awareness and willingness of bystanders to use AEDs were analysed by logistic regression. RESULTS Of the 1073 respondents, only 15.2% had the confidence to recognise public AEDs, and 5.3% of them had the confidence to use the AED. Concerns on immature technique and legal issues remain the most common barriers to AED use by bystanders. Moreover, only 30.8% thought that the public should use AEDs at the scene. Few respondents (9.6%) ever heard of the GSL in Taiwan, and less than 3% understood the meaning of GSL. Positive awareness on AEDs was associated with high willingness of bystanders to use AEDs. Respondents who were less likely to use AEDs as bystanders were healthcare personnel and women. CONCLUSION The importance of active awareness and the barriers to the use of AEDs among bystanders seemed to have been underestimated in the past years. The relatively low willingness to use AEDs among bystander healthcare providers and women needs further investigation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Edward Pei-Chuan Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsin-Chu City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chu Chiang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin County, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Chien Lu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Tang Sun
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ju Hsieh
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chih Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Yang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Medical Education, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hao Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jr-Jiun Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chin Yang
- Institute of Health Policy and Management, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Matthew Huei-Ming Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Emergency Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yun-Lin Branch, Yun-Lin County, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Savastano S, Baldi E, Compagnoni S, Fracchia R, Ristagno G, Grieco N. The automated external defibrillator, an underused simple life-saving device: a review of the literature. A joint document from the Italian Resuscitation Council (IRC) and Associazione Italiana di Aritmologia e Cardiostimolazione (AIAC). J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2020; 21:733-739. [PMID: 32740425 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000001047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
: The role of early defibrillation has been well established as a pivotal ring of the chain of survival since the nineties. In the following years, the scientific evidences about the beneficial role of early defibrillation have grown, and most of all, it has been demonstrated that the main determinant of survival is the time of defibrillation more than the type of rescuer. Early lay defibrillation was shown to be more effective than delayed defibrillation by healthcare providers. Moreover, because of the ease of use of automated external defibrillators (AEDs), it has been shown that also untrained lay rescuers can safely use an AED leading the guidelines to encourage early defibrillation by untrained lay bystanders. Although strong evidence has demonstrated that an increase in AED use leads to an increase in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survival, the rate of defibrillation by laypeople is quite variable worldwide and very low in some realities. Our review of the literature about lay defibrillation highlights that the AED is a life-saving device as simple and well tolerated as underused.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Enrico Baldi
- Division of Cardiology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Section of Cardiology, University of Pavia
| | - Sara Compagnoni
- Division of Cardiology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Section of Cardiology, University of Pavia
| | - Rosa Fracchia
- Division of Cardiology, Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo
| | - Giuseppe Ristagno
- Department of Medical and Surgical Physiopathology and Transplantation, University of Milan
| | - Niccolò Grieco
- First Cardiology Department - Cath Lab and Intensive Cardiac Care, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Barry T, Guerin S, Headon M, Bury G. GPs who volunteer to be first responders for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A qualitative study. Eur J Gen Pract 2019; 26:33-41. [PMID: 31686571 PMCID: PMC7034024 DOI: 10.1080/13814788.2019.1681194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a major cause of premature mortality. Survival is possible when timely cardiopulmonary resuscitation and defibrillation are available in the community. GPs are well placed to provide early OHCA care and significantly increased rates of survival are achieved when GPs participate in resuscitation. A novel project alerts volunteer GP first responders to nearby OHCAs in Ireland. Objectives: To explore the reasons why GPs volunteer to be OHCA first responders and their experience of participation. Methods: A qualitative study involving in-depth, semi-structured interviews followed by thematic analysis was undertaken in 2017/18. Fourteen GPs from differing geographical areas in Ireland, who volunteered as OHCA first-responders were recruited to participate by purposive methods. Results: GP participation in OHCA voluntary first response was understood as a function of GPs relationship to the community, their ability to manage competing demands in their personal and professional lives and also specific participatory gains. GPs expressed both altruistic motivations and a sense of obligation. GPs described a complex, multifaceted role in providing OHCA first response; they derived an inherent sense of satisfaction in delivering potentially life-saving interventions but also in the provision of holistic, compassionate end-of-life care for patients and their families. Participation was not without psychosocial risk for GPs. Conclusion: GPs volunteer to provide early OHCA emergency care because of their relationship to the community. Care provided is complex and includes both resuscitation and end-of-life care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomas Barry
- UCD Centre for Emergency Medical Science, School of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Suzanne Guerin
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mary Headon
- UCD Centre for Emergency Medical Science, School of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gerard Bury
- UCD Centre for Emergency Medical Science, School of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Barry T, Guerin S, Bury G. Motivation, challenges and realities of volunteer community cardiac arrest response: a qualitative study of 'lay' community first responders. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e029015. [PMID: 31399458 PMCID: PMC6701604 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the reasons why lay community first responders (CFRs) volunteer to participate in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest response and the realities of their experience in providing this service to the community. DESIGN A qualitative study, using in-depth semistructured interviews that were recorded and transcribed. Thematic analysis was undertaken and credibility checks conducted. SETTING Nine geographically varied lay CFR schemes throughout Ireland. PARTICIPANTS Twelve experienced CFRs. RESULTS CFRs were motivated to participate based on a variety of factors. These included altruistic, social and pre-existing emergency care interest. A proportion of CFRs may volunteer because of experience of cardiac arrest or illness in a relative. Sophisticated structures and complex care appear to underpin CFR involvement in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Strategic and organisational issues, multifaceted cardiac arrest care and the psychosocial impact of participation were considered. CONCLUSIONS Health systems that facilitate CFR out-of-hospital cardiac arrest response should consider a variety of relevant issues. These issues include the suitability of those that volunteer, complexities of resuscitation/end-of-life care, responder psychological welfare as well as CFRs' core role of providing early basic life support and defibrillation in the community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Barry
- UCD Centre for Emergency Medical Science, School of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Suzanne Guerin
- School of Psychology, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Gerard Bury
- UCD Centre for Emergency Medical Science, School of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Salerno J, Willson C, Weiss L, Salcido D. Myth of the stolen AED. Resuscitation 2019; 140:1. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2019.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
16
|
Lee CYF, Anantharaman V, Lim SH, Ng YY, Chee TS, Seet CM, Ong MEH. Singapore Defibrillation Guidelines 2016. Singapore Med J 2018; 58:354-359. [PMID: 28741000 DOI: 10.11622/smedj.2017068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The most common initial rhythm in a sudden cardiac arrest is ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia. This is potentially treatable with defibrillation, especially if provided early. However, any delay in defibrillation will result in a decline in survival. Defibrillation requires coordination with the cardiopulmonary resuscitation component for effective resuscitation. These two components, which form the key links in the chain of survival, have to be brought to the cardiac victim in a timely fashion. An effective chain of survival is needed in both the institution and community settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Swee Han Lim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore
| | - Yih Yng Ng
- Medical Department, Singapore Civil Defence Force, Singapore
| | - Tek Siong Chee
- Chee Heart Specialist Clinic, Parkway East Hospital, Singapore
| | - Chong Meng Seet
- Acute and Emergency Care Centre, Khoo Teck Puat Hospital, Singapore
| | - Marcus Eng Hock Ong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore.,Health Services and Systems Research, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
The Current Status of Development and Implementation of Medical Emergency Response Plan in Schools. Pediatr Emerg Care 2018; 34:189-192. [PMID: 27077997 DOI: 10.1097/pec.0000000000000689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Automated external defibrillators (AEDs) have been widely distributed at schools in Japan. We have demonstrated that ventricular fibrillation accounted for 68% of nontraumatic sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) in schools, suggesting that a well-prepared medical emergency response plan (MERP) for schools would improve the outcomes of SCA patients. However, it is uncertain if the MERP has been well developed or implemented in Japanese schools. METHODS AND RESULTS We conducted a cross-sectional study of schools in Osaka using a postal questionnaire. Survey items included type of school, number of students, school staff and teaching staff, number of AEDs used and the place of installation, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) training to school staff, MERP development and implementation, and the number of SCA cases they experienced. The response rate to this survey was 44% (764 of 1728 schools). Every school except for 4 have installed at least 1 AED. Thirty-six percent of schools, however, have not yet developed and implemented a MERP for SCA. Moreover, 49% of schools surveyed have not conducted a rehearsal training session for SCA in the previous 3 years, although 95% of schools provided CPR training courses to school staff. A total of 15 schools have experienced 16 presumed or actual SCA cases in the study period. Of the 15 schools, 6 schools reported that bystanders experienced psychological stress. CONCLUSIONS A MERP for SCA has not yet been fully developed and implemented in the schools surveyed in our study despite widely distributed AEDs and CPR training.
Collapse
|
18
|
Smith CM, Lim Choi Keung SN, Khan MO, Arvanitis TN, Fothergill R, Hartley-Sharpe C, Wilson MH, Perkins GD. Barriers and facilitators to public access defibrillation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: a systematic review. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL. QUALITY OF CARE & CLINICAL OUTCOMES 2017; 3:264-273. [PMID: 29044399 DOI: 10.1093/ehjqcco/qcx023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Public access defibrillation initiatives make automated external defibrillators available to the public. This facilitates earlier defibrillation of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest victims and could save many lives. It is currently only used for a minority of cases. The aim of this systematic review was to identify barriers and facilitators to public access defibrillation. A comprehensive literature review was undertaken defining formal search terms for a systematic review of the literature in March 2017. Studies were included if they considered reasons affecting the likelihood of public access defibrillation and presented original data. An electronic search strategy was devised searching MEDLINE and EMBASE, supplemented by bibliography and related-article searches. Given the low-quality and observational nature of the majority of articles, a narrative review was performed. Sixty-four articles were identified in the initial literature search. An additional four unique articles were identified from the electronic search strategies. The following themes were identified related to public access defibrillation: knowledge and awareness; willingness to use; acquisition and maintenance; availability and accessibility; training issues; registration and regulation; medicolegal issues; emergency medical services dispatch-assisted use of automated external defibrillators; automated external defibrillator-locator systems; demographic factors; other behavioural factors. In conclusion, several barriers and facilitators to public access defibrillation deployment were identified. However, the evidence is of very low quality and there is not enough information to inform changes in practice. This is an area in urgent need of further high-quality research if public access defibrillation is to be increased and more lives saved. PROSPERO registration number CRD42016035543.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Smith
- Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Bordesley Green East, Birmingham B9 5SS, UK
| | | | - Mohammed O Khan
- Institute of Digital Healthcare, WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
| | | | - Rachael Fothergill
- London Ambulance Service NHS Trust, 18-20 Pocock Street, London SE1 0BW, UK
| | | | - Mark H Wilson
- Imperial College, Neurotrauma Centre, St Mary's Hospital, Praed Street, London W2 1NY, UK
| | - Gavin D Perkins
- Clinical Trials Unit, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK
- Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Bordesley Green East, Birmingham B9 5SS, UK
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Modeling a novel hypothetical use of postal collection boxes as automated external defibrillator access points. Resuscitation 2017; 120:26-30. [PMID: 28847755 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2017.08.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Revised: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 08/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Optimizing placement of Automated External Defibrillators (AED) can increase survival after an out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Using postal collection boxes (PCB) as locations for AEDs could potentially enhance accessibility and streamline maintenance. In this study, we modeled the hypothetical effects of deploying AEDs at PCB locations. HYPOTHESIS We hypothesized that PCB-AEDs would increase AED coverage overall and in residential areas, and reduce the distance from OHCA to an AED. METHODS AEDs in Pittsburgh, PA were identified by the University of Pittsburgh Resuscitation Logistics and Informatics Venture (n=747). PCB locations were obtained from the United States Postal Service (n=479). OHCA locations from 2009 to 2014 were obtained from the Pittsburgh site of the Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium. AED coverage assuming a ¼ mile radius around each AED was estimated for known AEDs, PCB-AEDs (hypothetical AED locations), and known AEDs augmented by PCB-AEDs, both overall and for residential and non-residential zones. Linear distance from each OHCA to the nearest AED was calculated and compared between the sets. RESULTS The set of known AEDs augmented with PCB-AEDs covered more of the city overall (55% vs 30%), as well as greater proportions of residential (62% vs 27%) and non-residential areas (45% vs 30%). The median distance from OHCA to AED was significantly shorter when known AEDs were augmented with PCB-AEDs (0.12mi vs 0.32mi; p=0.001). CONCLUSION Augmenting existing publicly accessible AEDs with AEDs deployed at PCBs can increase AED spatial coverage in both residential and non-residential areas, and reduce the distance from AED to OHCA.
Collapse
|
20
|
Sherrid MV, Aagaard P, Serrato S, Arabadjian ME, Lium JM, Lium JD, Greenberg HM. State Requirements for Automated External Defibrillators in American Schools: Framing the Debate About Legislative Action. J Am Coll Cardiol 2017; 69:1735-1743. [PMID: 28359520 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2017.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Installation of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) in schools has been associated with increased survival after sudden cardiac arrest. An authoritative academic research database was interrogated to identify all current state statutes pertaining to AEDs in schools. As of February 2016, 17 of 50 U.S. states (34%) require AED installation in at least some of their schools; the remaining states have no legislation. However, requirements are far from comprehensive in these 17 states. Only 5 states offer unequivocal funding to schools for purchasing AEDs. A minority of U.S. states have legislation requiring AED placement in schools, and even fewer provide funding. State legislatures that have not yet enacted legislation requiring AEDs in schools may look to neighboring states for examples of child and adult lifesaving law. Placement of an AED in schools should be implemented with an emergency response plan that trains staff in the recognition and response to cardiac arrest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark V Sherrid
- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Program, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York.
| | - Philip Aagaard
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Stephanie Serrato
- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Program, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Milla E Arabadjian
- Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Program, New York University Langone Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - John M Lium
- Foundation for HCM Research at New York University, Rye, New York
| | - John D Lium
- Foundation for HCM Research at New York University, Rye, New York
| | - Henry M Greenberg
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Perkins G, Handley A, Koster R, Castrén M, Smyth M, Olasveengen T, Monsieurs K, Raffay V, Gräsner JT, Wenzel V, Ristagno G, Soar J. [Adult basic life support and automated external defibrillation.]. Notf Rett Med 2017; 20:3-24. [PMID: 32214897 PMCID: PMC7087749 DOI: 10.1007/s10049-017-0328-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G.D. Perkins
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Critical Care Unit, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - R.W. Koster
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Niederlande
| | - M. Castrén
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Services, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finnland
| | - M.A. Smyth
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- West Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Dudley, UK
| | - T. Olasveengen
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Prehospital Emergency Medicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norwegen
| | - K.G. Monsieurs
- Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgien
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgien
| | - V. Raffay
- Municipal Institute for Emergency Medicine Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbien
| | - J.-T. Gräsner
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Deutschland
| | - V. Wenzel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Österreich
| | - G. Ristagno
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche „Mario Negri“, Milan, Italien
| | - J. Soar
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Perkins G, Handley A, Koster R, Castrén M, Smyth M, Olasveengen T, Monsieurs K, Raffay V, Gräsner JT, Wenzel V, Ristagno G, Soar J. [Adult basic life support and automated external defibrillation.]. Notf Rett Med 2015; 18:748-769. [PMID: 32214896 PMCID: PMC7088113 DOI: 10.1007/s10049-015-0081-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G.D. Perkins
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Critical Care Unit, Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - R.W. Koster
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Niederlande
| | - M. Castrén
- Department of Emergency Medicine and Services, Helsinki University Hospital and Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finnland
| | - M.A. Smyth
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- West Midlands Ambulance Service NHS Foundation Trust, Dudley, UK
| | - T. Olasveengen
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Prehospital Emergency Medicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norwegen
| | - K.G. Monsieurs
- Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgien
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgien
| | - V. Raffay
- Municipal Institute for Emergency Medicine Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbien
| | - J.-T. Gräsner
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Deutschland
| | - V. Wenzel
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Österreich
| | - G. Ristagno
- Department of Cardiovascular Research, IRCCS-Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche „Mario Negri“, Milan, Italien
| | - J. Soar
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2015: Section 2. Adult basic life support and automated external defibrillation. Resuscitation 2015; 95:81-99. [PMID: 26477420 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 722] [Impact Index Per Article: 80.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
24
|
Sánchez B, Algarte R, Piacentini E, Trenado J, Romay E, Cerdà M, Ferrer R, Quintana S. Low compliance with the 2 minutes of uninterrupted chest compressions recommended in the 2010 International Resuscitation Guidelines. J Crit Care 2015; 30:711-4. [PMID: 25797396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcrc.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to analyze compliance with 2010 European guidelines' quality criteria for external chest compressions (ECC) during 2 minutes of uninterrupted cardiopulmonary resuscitation. METHODS Seventy-two healthy nurses and physicians trained in advanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation performed 2 uninterrupted minutes of ECC on a training manikin (Resusci Anne Advanced SkillTrainer; Laerdal Medical AS, Stavanger, Norway) that enabled us to measure the depth and rate of ECC. When professionals agreed to participate in the study, we recorded their age, body mass index (BMI), smoking habit, and their own subjective estimation of their physical fitness. To measure fatigue, we analyzed participants' heart rates, percentage of maximum tolerated heart rate (MHR), and subjective perception of their fatigue on a visual analog scale. RESULTS Nearly half (48.6%) the rescuers failed to achieve a minimum average ECC depth of 50 mm. Only 48.1% of ECCs fulfilled the 2010 guidelines' quality criteria; quality deteriorated mainly after the first minute. Poor ECC quality and deteriorating quality after the first minute were associated with BMI < 23 kg/m(2). Rescuers with BMI ≥ 23 kg/m(2) fulfilled the quality criteria throughout the 2 minutes, whereas those with BMI < 23 kg/m(2) fulfilled them for 80% of ECCs during the first minute, but for only 30% at the end of the 2 minutes. CONCLUSIONS Compliance with the 2010 guidelines' quality criteria is often poor, mainly due to lack of proper depth. The greater depth recommended in the 2010 guidelines with respect to previous guidelines requires greater force, so BMI < 23 kg/m(2) could hinder compliance. Limiting each rescuer's uninterrupted time doing ECC to 1 minute could help ensure compliance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baltasar Sánchez
- Intensive Care Department, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Cardiorespiratory Arrest Committee, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ramón Algarte
- Intensive Care Department, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enrique Piacentini
- Intensive Care Department, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Trenado
- Intensive Care Department, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduardo Romay
- Intensive Care Department, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manel Cerdà
- Consell Català de Ressuscitació, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ricard Ferrer
- Intensive Care Department, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvador Quintana
- Intensive Care Department, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Cardiorespiratory Arrest Committee, Hospital Universitari Mútua Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain; Consell Català de Ressuscitació, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sasaki M, Ishikawa H, Kiuchi T, Sakamoto T, Marukawa S. Factors affecting layperson confidence in performing resuscitation of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients in Japan. Acute Med Surg 2015; 2:183-189. [PMID: 29123718 DOI: 10.1002/ams2.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation including automated external defibrillator use increases the chance of survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. However, bystanders may be distressed by witnessing out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and may hesitate to initiate cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The present study examined factors associated with layperson confidence in carrying out resuscitation of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients. Methods We carried out a cross-sectional survey in February 2012. Laypeople were asked about background characteristics, whether they had performed cardiopulmonary resuscitation, had received cardiopulmonary resuscitation training, were aware of the location of the neighborhood automated external defibrillator, and felt confident in performing resuscitation, and their potential emotional distress if a resuscitation attempt were to prove unsuccessful. Results Participants comprised 4,853 respondents. Of these, 2,372 (49%) had received cardiopulmonary resuscitation training, and 3,607 (74%) knew where the neighborhood automated external defibrillator was located. Confidence in performing chest compressions was reported by 2,667 (55%), confidence in performing rescue breathing by 2,498 (52%), and confidence in using an automated external defibrillator by 2,822 (58%). Potential emotional distress if a resuscitation attempt proved unsuccessful was reported by 4,247 (88%). Multivariate regression analysis showed that having carried out cardiopulmonary resuscitation, having received cardiopulmonary resuscitation training, and awareness of the neighborhood automated external defibrillator location were significantly associated with confidence in performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Conclusions Our results suggest that more extensive cardiopulmonary resuscitation training and information regarding neighborhood automated external defibrillator locations may increase layperson confidence in initiating resuscitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mie Sasaki
- Department of Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Hirono Ishikawa
- Department of Health Communication Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Takahiro Kiuchi
- Department of Health Communication Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo Tokyo Japan
| | - Tetsuya Sakamoto
- Department of Emergency MedicineTrauma and Critical Care Center Teikyo University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kindness P, Fitzpatrick D, Mellish C, Masthoff J, O'Meara P, McEwan M. An insight into the demands and stressors experienced by Community First Responders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.12968/jpar.2014.6.7.362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Patrick O'Meara
- National Head of Ambulance control Services, Scottish Ambulance Service
| | - Murray McEwan
- Community Resuscitation Development Officer, Scottish Ambulance Service
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kurz MC, Sawyer KN. Reply to letter: risk of injury to rescuers who use hands-on defibrillation. Resuscitation 2013; 84:e133. [PMID: 23835402 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2013.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Christopher Kurz
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Health System, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Headline: First report of true “Public Access Defibrillation”. Resuscitation 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2012.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
|
29
|
The effect of the AED and AED programs on survival of individuals, groups and populations. Prehosp Disaster Med 2012; 27:419-24. [PMID: 22985768 DOI: 10.1017/s1049023x12001197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The automated external defibrillator (AED) is a tool that contributes to survival with mixed outcomes. This review assesses the effectiveness of the AED, consistencies and variations among studies, and how varying outcomes can be resolved. METHODS A worksheet for the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) 2010 science review focused on hospital survival in AED programs was the foundation of the articles reviewed. Articles identified in the search covering a broader range of topics were added. All articles were read by at least two authors; consensus discussions resolved differences. RESULTS AED use developed sequentially. Use of AEDs by emergency medical technicians (EMTs) compared to manual defibrillators showed equal or superior survival. AED use was extended to trained responders likely to be near victims, such as fire/rescue, police, airline attendants, and casino security guards, with improvement in all venues but not all programs. Broad public access initiatives demonstrated increased survival despite low rates of AED use. Home AED programs have not improved survival; in-hospital trials have had mixed results. Successful programs have placed devices in high-risk sites, maintained the AEDs, recruited a team with a duty to respond, and conducted ongoing assessment of the program. CONCLUSION The AED can affect survival among patients with sudden ventricular fibrillation (VF). Components of AED programs that affect outcome include the operator, location, the emergency response system, ongoing maintenance and evaluation. Comparing outcomes is complicated by variations in definitions of populations and variables. The effect of AEDs on individuals can be dramatic, but the effect on populations is limited.
Collapse
|
30
|
McDonough A, Callan K, Egizio K, Kenney K, Gray G, Mundry G, Re G. Student perceptions of sudden cardiac arrest: a qualitative inquiry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 21:523-7. [DOI: 10.12968/bjon.2012.21.9.523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
|
31
|
Nolan JP, Soar J, Zideman DA, Biarent D, Bossaert LL, Deakin C, Koster RW, Wyllie J, Böttiger B. European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2010 Section 1. Executive summary. Resuscitation 2011; 81:1219-76. [PMID: 20956052 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2010.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 847] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jerry P Nolan
- Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Royal United Hospital, Bath, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Cave DM, Aufderheide TP, Beeson J, Ellison A, Gregory A, Hazinski MF, Hiratzka LF, Lurie KG, Morrison LJ, Mosesso VN, Nadkarni V, Potts J, Samson RA, Sayre MR, Schexnayder SM. Importance and implementation of training in cardiopulmonary resuscitation and automated external defibrillation in schools: a science advisory from the American Heart Association. Circulation 2011; 123:691-706. [PMID: 21220728 DOI: 10.1161/cir.0b013e31820b5328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
33
|
In situ simulation comparing in-hospital first responder sudden cardiac arrest resuscitation using semiautomated defibrillators and automated external defibrillators. Simul Healthc 2010; 5:82-90. [PMID: 20661007 DOI: 10.1097/sih.0b013e3181ccd75c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multifaceted approaches using simulation and human factors methods may optimize in-hospital sudden cardiac arrest (SCA) response. The Arrhythmia Simulation/Cardiac Event Nursing Training-Automated External Defibrillator phase (ASCENT-AED) study used in situ medical simulation to compare traditional and AED-supplemented SCA first-responder models. METHODS The study was conducted at an academic 719-bed hospital with institutional review board approval. Two simulation scenarios were developed and featured either respiratory arrest with perfusing bradycardia or ventricular fibrillation (VF) arrest. Study floors were equipped with either a semiautomated defibrillator (SD) only (control) or with both SD and AED (experimental); subjects functioned as solitary first responders and did not receive resuscitation training. RESULTS Fifty nurses were enrolled on control (n=25) and experimental (n=25) floors. The groups' nonblinded performances exhibited the following differences during VF scenario: slower calls for help by the control group [mean time to completion of 25+/-17 seconds versus 18+/-11 seconds for the experimental group (P<0.05)] and fewer subjects in the control group performing chest compressions [44.0% versus experimental group's 95.8% (P<0.001)]. Eighty-eight percent of the control group defibrillated the manikin at an average of 155+/-59 seconds, with 32.0% of those subjects using semiautomated rhythm analysis; 100% (not significant [NS]) of experimental group defibrillated at 154+/-72 seconds (NS) with 100% AED analysis (P<0.001). Fewer control group subjects (28.0%) were observed during the bradycardia scenarios to perform inappropriate chest compressions than the AED-supplemented subjects [69.6% (P=0.01)]; nonindicated defibrillation was delivered during these scenarios by a single subject in the control group. Twenty-eight percent and 72% of VF scenarios were managed appropriately by control and experimental groups, respectively; bradycardia scenarios were managed without severe adverse event by 64% of control group and 28% of experimental group. CONCLUSIONS In situ simulation can provide useful information, both anticipated and unexpected, to guide decisions about proposed defibrillation technologies and SCA response models for in-hospital resuscitation system design and education before implementation.
Collapse
|
34
|
Mancini ME, Soar J, Bhanji F, Billi JE, Dennett J, Finn J, Ma MHM, Perkins GD, Rodgers DL, Hazinski MF, Jacobs I, Morley PT. Part 12: Education, implementation, and teams: 2010 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations. Circulation 2010; 122:S539-81. [PMID: 20956260 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.110.971143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
35
|
Koster RW, Baubin MA, Bossaert LL, Caballero A, Cassan P, Castrén M, Granja C, Handley AJ, Monsieurs KG, Perkins GD, Raffay V, Sandroni C. Basismaßnahmen zur Wiederbelebung Erwachsener und Verwendung automatisierter externer Defibrillatoren. Notf Rett Med 2010; 13:523-542. [PMID: 32214895 PMCID: PMC7087822 DOI: 10.1007/s10049-010-1368-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R W Koster
- 1_1368Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, Niederlande
| | - M A Baubin
- 2_1368Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospital Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Österreich
| | - L L Bossaert
- 3_1368Department of Critical Care, University of Antwerp, Antwerpen, Belgien
| | - A Caballero
- 4_1368Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spanien
| | - P Cassan
- European Reference Centre for First Aid Education, French Red Cross, Paris, Frankreich
| | - M Castrén
- 6_1368Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Schweden
| | - C Granja
- 7_1368Emergency and Intensive Medicine Department, Hospital Pedro Hispano, Matosinhos, Porto, Portugal
| | - A J Handley
- 8_1368Colchester Hospital University NHS Foundation Trust, Colchester, Großbritannien
| | - K G Monsieurs
- 9_1368Emergency Department, Ghent University Hospital, Gent, Belgien
| | - G D Perkins
- 10_1368University of Warwick, Warwick Medical School, Warwick, Großbritannien
| | - V Raffay
- Municipal Institute for Emergency Medicine Novi Sad, Novi Sad, AP Vojvodina, Serbien
| | - C Sandroni
- 12_1368Catholic University School of Medicine, Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli, Rom, Italien
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
|
37
|
Soar J, Mancini ME, Bhanji F, Billi JE, Dennett J, Finn J, Ma MHM, Perkins GD, Rodgers DL, Hazinski MF, Jacobs I, Morley PT. Part 12: Education, implementation, and teams: 2010 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science with Treatment Recommendations. Resuscitation 2010; 81 Suppl 1:e288-330. [PMID: 20956038 PMCID: PMC7184565 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2010.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jasmeet Soar
- Southmead Hospital, North Bristol NHS Trust, Bristol,United Kingdom.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Koster RW, Baubin MA, Bossaert LL, Caballero A, Cassan P, Castrén M, Granja C, Handley AJ, Monsieurs KG, Perkins GD, Raffay V, Sandroni C. European Resuscitation Council Guidelines for Resuscitation 2010 Section 2. Adult basic life support and use of automated external defibrillators. Resuscitation 2010; 81:1277-92. [PMID: 20956051 PMCID: PMC7116923 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2010.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 380] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rudolph W Koster
- Department of Cardiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Public access defibrillation programs have increased dramatically over the past 15 years. This review will focus on their effectiveness and operational characteristics and discuss the characteristics of successful programs, which can improve outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS Automated external defibrillators increase survival from cardiac arrest when used by a bystander. Recent studies show that the best outcomes are achieved when devices are placed in areas with a high frequency of cardiac arrest and there is ongoing supervision with emergency plans and cardiopulmonary resuscitation training. Programs are cost-effective under these circumstances, but become very inefficient when placed in areas of low risk. There are few adverse events related to the public access defibrillation programs and volunteers are not harmed. Unguided placement results in devices not being used and a decline in organizational structure of the program. As most cardiac arrests occur in the home, the impact on overall survival remains low. SUMMARY Automated external defibrillators are highly effective at reducing death from ventricular fibrillation and easy access in public areas is most effective. Placement must be prioritized based on public health impact and characteristics of the community.
Collapse
|
40
|
Hoke RS, Heinroth K, Trappe HJ, Werdan K. Is external defibrillation an electric threat for bystanders? Resuscitation 2009; 80:395-401. [PMID: 19211180 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2009.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2008] [Revised: 12/17/2008] [Accepted: 01/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Safety precautions during defibrillation and cardioversion are generally taken very seriously. The actual hazard for bystanders and rescuers, however, has rarely been investigated. Recently, continuing chest compressions during defibrillation has been suggested to improve outcome from cardiac arrest. This article is to review reports on electric shocks to persons other than patients and to discuss the pertinent biomedical principles. METHODS Systematic search in medical literature databases and consecutive hand-search of reference lists. RESULTS A total of 29 adverse events are reported in the medical literature; seven due to accidental or intentional defibrillator misuse, three due to device malfunction, four during training/maintenance procedures, and 15 during regular resuscitation efforts. Tingling sensations and minor burns are frequently reported consequences of inadvertent shocks. There are no accounts on immediate life-threatening conditions or long-term disability in rescuers/bystanders inflicted by defibrillation/cardioversion of a patient. Discharging a defibrillator directly to a healthy person's chest can be lethal. CONCLUSIONS External electric therapy is likely to be safer than traditionally assumed, especially with self-adhesive thoracic electrodes. Sound clinical experiments are urgently needed before safety measures are revised.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Sebastian Hoke
- Department of Medicine III, Halle University Hospital, Ernst-Grube-Str. 40, 06097 Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
|
42
|
Harve H, Jokela J, Tissari A, Saukko A, Räsänen P, Okkolin T, Pettilä V, Silfvast T. Can Untrained Laypersons Use a Defibrillator with Dispatcher Assistance? Acad Emerg Med 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1553-2712.2007.tb01848.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
43
|
Davies E, Maybury B, Colquhoun M, Whitfield R, Rossetti T, Vetter N. Public Access Defibrillation: Psychological consequences in responders. Resuscitation 2008; 77:201-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2007.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2007] [Revised: 11/06/2007] [Accepted: 11/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
44
|
Nelson KL, Mills W, Umbel S, Crosson JE, Shaffner DH, Hunt EA. Lightning, sudden cardiac death, simulation and an automated external defibrillator: the perfect storm. Resuscitation 2007; 74:567-71. [PMID: 17459560 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2007.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2006] [Revised: 02/04/2007] [Accepted: 02/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This is a report of an 11-year-old boy who had sudden cardiac death after a lightning strike while playing lacrosse at summer camp. The camp staff had performed weekly drills to prepare for various medical emergencies and quickly activated their "Emergency Activation System". The child received immediate cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and was defibrillated with an automated defibrillator (AED) within 3 min of becoming pulseless and was ultimately resuscitated after being defibrillated three times. A community ambulance with a defibrillator on board did not arrive until several minutes after the on-site team had achieved return of spontaneous circulation. In this report, we describe the clinical course of this patient; briefly review lightning injuries, other causes of sudden cardiac death in children and use of AEDs. Finally, we review how simulation has been used in this case and others as a mechanism to ensure preparedness for medical emergencies. This child is alive and well today because of these well-trained camp counselors. Their system of using simulation to maintain emergency readiness serves as an example for lay and professional medical providers alike.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristen L Nelson
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, Division of Pediatric Anesthesiology & Critical Care Medicine, United States.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Placement of automated external defibrillators in public facilities is a cost-effective treatment for out-of-hospital cardiac arrests. This review describes the literature citing the benefits of early defibrillation, ease of use, and relative cost of automated external defibrillators. RECENT FINDINGS Placement of automated external defibrillators in public places was recommended by the American Heart Association in the early 1990s. Compared with waiting for traditional emergency medical services, immediate use of automated external defibrillators by laypersons can dramatically increase survival to hospital discharge rates. Placement of automated external defibrillators at locations such as casinos, airports, and airplanes that are frequented by large numbers of at-risk people is cost-effective compared with other economically acceptable health measures. Studies using simulations to predict numbers of quality-adjusted life years that would be gained from implementation of public access defibrillation programs in high-incidence locations find that the cost would be less than the typically acceptable 50,000 dollars per quality-adjusted life year. The cost estimates, however, depend on the incidence of cardiac arrest at the sites, with low-incidence sites being prohibitively expensive. SUMMARY Automated external defibrillators appear to be cost-effective in locations with high incidences of cardiac arrest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura S Gold
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To discuss the clinical effectiveness, public health impact and cost-effectiveness of public access defibrillation. RECENT FINDINGS High rates of survival from prehospital ventricular fibrillation have been documented in patients treated by first responders using automated external defibrillators. The recent Public Access Defibrillation trial demonstrated a doubling of cardiac arrest survival in community units where volunteers trained in cardiopulmonary resuscitation were additionally equipped with automated external defibrillators. The cost-effectiveness analysis of the Public Access Defibrillation trial has not yet been published, and previous analyses have lacked full data on cost, outcome, or both. Data from many sources indicate that automated external defibrillator placement at sites with an expected rate of one cardiac arrest per defibrillator per 5 years, as recommended by the American Heart Association, addresses only around 1-2% of prehospital arrests, and will have a minimal impact on population survival. SUMMARY While highly targeted provision of automated external defibrillators in areas of greatest risk, such as casinos and airports, may be cost-effective, it will have little impact at a population level. Provision of more widespread public access defibrillation to sites with lower incidence of cardiac arrest is unlikely to be cost-effective, and may represent poorer value for money than alternative healthcare interventions in coronary artery disease.
Collapse
|
47
|
Current World Literature. Curr Opin Cardiol 2007; 22:49-53. [PMID: 17143045 DOI: 10.1097/hco.0b013e3280126b20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
48
|
In this issue. Resuscitation 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2006.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|