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Hegde P, Gibikote S, Kumar A, Thenmozhi M, Jehangir S. Knowledge of prevention and first aid in burn injuries among health care workers and non-health care persons in India. Burns 2024; 50:1024-1029. [PMID: 38280840 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2024.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Appropriate and timely first aid reduces morbidity in burns. This study aims to assess the knowledge of first aid in burns among healthcare workers (HCW) and nonhealthcare workers. (NHCW). METHODS A survey, distributed in both paper and Google survey formats, presented five sample cases with multiple-choice answers. Participants recorded the most suitable first aid management for each scenario. Correct answers were provided on completion. RESULTS Out of the total 753 participants, only 89 (11.8%) got all five answers correct. 16% HCW and 6% NHCW could answer all 5 questions correctly (with a true HCW:NHCW ratio of 2.67:1). Providing care for individuals with burns substantially raised the probability of giving accurate responses (p = 0.0001). While attending the general First Aid Course did not affect the responses (p = 0.08), participation in the Burns First Aid Course demonstrated slightly improved results (p = 0.052). The scenario involving liquid petroleum gas leakage saw a high proportion of correct responses, likely influenced by media coverage. CONCLUSION We find a clear need for adequate training in burns first aid due to low awareness among healthcare workers (HCW) and non-healthcare workers (NHCW). Factors such as participation in burn first aid courses and gaining firsthand experience in treating burns were found to be linked to improved knowledge of burns prevention and first aid. Utilizing various media channels could be a valuable strategy to reach a broader audience, especially in remote and inaccessible areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Hegde
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632004, India
| | - Siddharth Gibikote
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632004, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632004, India
| | - M Thenmozhi
- Department of Biostatistics, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632004, India
| | - Susan Jehangir
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Christian Medical College, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632004, India.
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2
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Holbert MD, Kimble RM, Watt K, Griffin BR. Barriers and facilitators to burn first aid practice in the prehospital setting: A qualitative investigation amongst emergency medical service clinicians. Burns 2024; 50:674-684. [PMID: 38065804 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2023.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
First aid cooling for burn injuries improves re-epithelialisation rates and reduces scarring. The objective of this research was to explore and describe barriers and facilitators to the provision of optimal first aid for acute burn patients in the prehospital setting. Emergency medical service (EMS) clinicians in Queensland were invited via email to participate in a survey designed to assess experience, knowledge, and attitudes regarding provision of optimal burn first aid in the prehospital setting (N = 4500). Barriers and facilitators to administering optimal first aid in the prehospital environment were assessed via two open-ended questions with free-text response boxes. An inductive approach to qualitative content analysis was used to analyze free-text data. In total, we included 326 respondents (7.2% response rate). Responses (n = 231) regarding barriers to first aid were classified into 12 categories, within five overarching dimensions. The most common of these was identified as pain. Similarly, free text responses (n = 276) regarding facilitators of burn first aid formed eight dimensions with 21 subcategories - most commonly fast and effective pain relief. Factors influencing burn first aid provision in the prehospital setting were wide-ranging and varied, with pain identified as the most prominent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maleea D Holbert
- Centre for Children's Burns and Trauma Research, Centre for Children's Health Research, South Brisbane 4101, Queensland, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4067, Queensland, Australia; Faculty of Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Brisbane 4111, Queensland, Australia.
| | - Roy M Kimble
- Centre for Children's Burns and Trauma Research, Centre for Children's Health Research, South Brisbane 4101, Queensland, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4067, Queensland, Australia; Pegg Leditschke Children's Burns Centre, Queensland Children's Hospital, South Brisbane 4101, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kerrianne Watt
- Information Support, Research & Evaluation, Office of the Medical Director, Queensland Ambulance Service, Kedron 4031, Queensland, Australia; College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville 4810 Queensland, Australia
| | - Bronwyn R Griffin
- Centre for Children's Burns and Trauma Research, Centre for Children's Health Research, South Brisbane 4101, Queensland, Australia; Faculty of Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Brisbane 4111, Queensland, Australia; Pegg Leditschke Children's Burns Centre, Queensland Children's Hospital, South Brisbane 4101, Queensland, Australia
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3
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Birkun A, Dyulicheva Y, Chuksina E. Laypeople do turn online to seek an advice on first aid in a health emergency: an insight into the help-seeking behaviour through the lens of the Youtube social media platform. Intern Emerg Med 2024; 19:875-877. [PMID: 38015341 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-023-03491-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexei Birkun
- Department of General Surgery, Anaesthesiology, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine, Medical Institute Named After S.I. Georgievsky of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Lenin Blvd, 5/7, Simferopol, 295051, Russian Federation.
| | - Yulia Dyulicheva
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Physics and Technology Institute, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Russian Federation
| | - Ekaterina Chuksina
- Department of Applied Mathematics, Physics and Technology Institute, V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Simferopol, Russian Federation
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4
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Laden G, Mathew B, Ananthasayanam A. Time to shock people. Diving Hyperb Med 2024; 54:73-74. [PMID: 38507914 DOI: 10.28920/dhm54.1.73-74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Laden
- Clinical Hyperbaric Facility, Hull and East Riding Hospital, Anlaby, UK
- Corresponding author: Mr Gerard Laden, Clinical Hyperbaric Facility, Hull and East Riding Hospital, Anlaby, UK
| | - Bruce Mathew
- Clinical Hyperbaric Facility, Hull and East Riding Hospital, Anlaby, UK
| | - Ananthakrishnan Ananthasayanam
- Clinical Hyperbaric Facility, Hull and East Riding Hospital, Anlaby, UK
- Department of Surgery, Hull University Teaching Hospitals, NHS Trust, Hull, UK
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5
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Baldwin AJ. An artificial intelligence language model improves readability of burns first aid information. Burns 2024:S0305-4179(24)00078-0. [PMID: 38492982 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2024.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
AIMS This study aimed to assess the potential of using an artificial intelligence (AI) large language model to improve the readability of burns first aid information. METHODS An AI language model (ChatGPT-3) was used to rewrite content from the top 50 English-language webpages containing burns first aid information to be understandable by an individual with the literacy level of an 11-year-old, as recommended by the American Medical Association and Health Education England. The assessment of readability was conducted using five validated tools. RESULTS In their original form, only 4% of the patient education materials (PEMs) met the target readability level across all tools. The median grade was 6.9 (SD=1.1). One-sample one-tailed t-test revealed that this was not significantly below the target (p = .31). After AI-modification, 18% of PEMs reached the target level using all tools, with a median grade of 6 (SD=0.9), which was significantly below the target level (p < .001). Once rewritten using AI, paired t-test demonstrated that all readability scores improved significantly (p < .001). CONCLUSION Utilising an AI language model proved an effective and viable method for enhancing readability of burns first aid information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Baldwin
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, Buckinghamshire, UK.
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6
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Birkun AA. Misinformation on resuscitation and first aid as an uncontrolled problem that demands close attention: a brief scoping review. Public Health 2024; 228:147-149. [PMID: 38354584 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2024.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Misinformation is currently recognised by the World Health Organization as an apparent threat to public health. This study aimed to provide an outline of published evidence on misinformation related to the potentially life-saving interventions - first aid and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). STUDY DESIGN A scoping review. METHODS The review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA Extension for Scoping Reviews. English-language publications describing original studies that evaluated the quality of publicly available information on first aid and/or CPR were included without limitations to the year of publication. RESULTS Forty-four original studies published between 1982 and 2023 were reviewed. Annual number of publications varied from 0 to 6. The studies have focused on the evaluation of information concerning initial care of cardiac arrest, choking, heart attack, poisoning, burns, and other emergencies. Forty three studies (97.7 %) have reported varying frequencies of misinformation, when public sources, including websites, YouTube videos, and modern artificial intelligence-based chatbots, omitted life-saving instructions on first aid or CPR or contained incorrect information that contradicted relevant international guidelines. Eleven studies (25.0 %) have also revealed potentially harmful advice, which, if followed by an unsuspecting person, may cause direct injury or death of a victim. CONCLUSIONS Misinformation concerning CPR and first aid cannot be ignored and demands close attention from relevant stakeholders to mitigate its harmful impacts. More studies are urgently needed to determine optimal methods for detecting and measuring misinformation, to understand mechanisms that drive its spread, and to develop effective measures to correct and prevent misinformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Birkun
- Department of General Surgery, Anesthesiology, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine, Medical Institute Named After S.I. Georgievsky of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Lenin Blvd, 5/7, Simferopol, 295051, Russian Federation.
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7
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Narongsanoi P, Banharak S, Panpanit L, Chanaboon S, Damkliang J. Factors related to changes in severity among adult and older adult patients at an internal medicine department clinic: an embedded mixed-method study. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3914. [PMID: 38365937 PMCID: PMC10873346 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54266-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The changes in aging plus the pathology of diseases can influence the changes in severity levels. This study aimed to examine the changes in levels of severity in patients while waiting to see a doctor. The study was conducted at an outpatient clinic in northeastern Thailand with a total of 421 patients who were assessed twice for levels of severity using the Emergency Severity Index. The 38 triage nurses screened patients, and 18 were interviewed when severity level changes were observed. Data were collected April 1-30, 2021. Quantitative data were analyzed by Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, and logistic regression. Qualitative data were analyzed by content analysis. Most patients were female, between 18 and 59 years old. Most patients did not change their level of severity. However, increasing levels of severity were found in older adults. Factors related to the changes in severity levels were age group, chronic disease, chief complaint, educational level, the duration of travel to the outpatient clinic, type of vehicle, aging process and comorbidity, pathology of diseases, reassessment interval, nurse's experience, bypassing the patient triage process, patient's self-preparation, management of triage nurses, and assignment of direct healthcare staff until the end of the treatment. Increased severity was more frequently found in older adults, so closely monitored during waiting times at a clinic is needed. Setting rescreening as a policy and having sensitive screening guidelines and tools specific to older adults would contribute to early detection and immediate treatment of deteriorating symptoms and illness to help reduce complications and morbidity.Trial registration: https://osf.io/fp3j2 .
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samoraphop Banharak
- Department of Gerontological Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.
| | - Ladawan Panpanit
- Department of Gerontological Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sutin Chanaboon
- Sirindhorn College of Public Health Khon Kaen, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Jintana Damkliang
- Department of Adult and Gerontological Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Thailand
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Berg KM, Bray JE, Ng KC, Liley HG, Greif R, Carlson JN, Morley PT, Drennan IR, Smyth M, Scholefield BR, Weiner GM, Cheng A, Djärv T, Abelairas-Gómez C, Acworth J, Andersen LW, Atkins DL, Berry DC, Bhanji F, Bierens J, Bittencourt Couto T, Borra V, Böttiger BW, Bradley RN, Breckwoldt J, Cassan P, Chang WT, Charlton NP, Chung SP, Considine J, Costa-Nobre DT, Couper K, Dainty KN, Dassanayake V, Davis PG, Dawson JA, Fernanda de Almeida M, De Caen AR, Deakin CD, Dicker B, Douma MJ, Eastwood K, El-Naggar W, Fabres JG, Fawke J, Fijacko N, Finn JC, Flores GE, Foglia EE, Folke F, Gilfoyle E, Goolsby CA, Granfeldt A, Guerguerian AM, Guinsburg R, Hatanaka T, Hirsch KG, Holmberg MJ, Hosono S, Hsieh MJ, Hsu CH, Ikeyama T, Isayama T, Johnson NJ, Kapadia VS, Daripa Kawakami M, Kim HS, Kleinman ME, Kloeck DA, Kudenchuk P, Kule A, Kurosawa H, Lagina AT, Lauridsen KG, Lavonas EJ, Lee HC, Lin Y, Lockey AS, Macneil F, Maconochie IK, John Madar R, Malta Hansen C, Masterson S, Matsuyama T, McKinlay CJD, Meyran D, Monnelly V, Nadkarni V, Nakwa FL, Nation KJ, Nehme Z, Nemeth M, Neumar RW, Nicholson T, Nikolaou N, Nishiyama C, Norii T, Nuthall GA, Ohshimo S, Olasveengen TM, Gene Ong YK, Orkin AM, Parr MJ, Patocka C, Perkins GD, Perlman JM, Rabi Y, Raitt J, Ramachandran S, Ramaswamy VV, Raymond TT, Reis AG, Reynolds JC, Ristagno G, Rodriguez-Nunez A, Roehr CC, Rüdiger M, Sakamoto T, Sandroni C, Sawyer TL, Schexnayder SM, Schmölzer GM, Schnaubelt S, Semeraro F, Singletary EM, Skrifvars MB, Smith CM, Soar J, Stassen W, Sugiura T, Tijssen JA, Topjian AA, Trevisanuto D, Vaillancourt C, Wyckoff MH, Wyllie JP, Yang CW, Yeung J, Zelop CM, Zideman DA, Nolan JP. 2023 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations: Summary From the Basic Life Support; Advanced Life Support; Pediatric Life Support; Neonatal Life Support; Education, Implementation, and Teams; and First Aid Task Forces. Resuscitation 2024; 195:109992. [PMID: 37937881 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2023.109992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation engages in a continuous review of new, peer-reviewed, published cardiopulmonary resuscitation and first aid science. Draft Consensus on Science With Treatment Recommendations are posted online throughout the year, and this annual summary provides more concise versions of the final Consensus on Science With Treatment Recommendations from all task forces for the year. Topics addressed by systematic reviews this year include resuscitation of cardiac arrest from drowning, extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation for adults and children, calcium during cardiac arrest, double sequential defibrillation, neuroprognostication after cardiac arrest for adults and children, maintaining normal temperature after preterm birth, heart rate monitoring methods for diagnostics in neonates, detection of exhaled carbon dioxide in neonates, family presence during resuscitation of adults, and a stepwise approach to resuscitation skills training. Members from 6 International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation task forces have assessed, discussed, and debated the quality of the evidence, using Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria, and their statements include consensus treatment recommendations. Insights into the deliberations of the task forces are provided in the Justification and Evidence-to-Decision Framework Highlights sections. In addition, the task forces list priority knowledge gaps for further research. Additional topics are addressed with scoping reviews and evidence updates.
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Maduwage K, Kodagoda Gamage S, Gutiérrez JM. First aid and pre-hospital practices in snakebite victims: The persistent use of harmful interventions. Toxicon 2024; 238:107582. [PMID: 38128838 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2023.107582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
First aid intervention and pre-hospital (FAPH) practices are common in patients suffering from snakebite envenomation (SBE). In this study, we have reviewed the literature concerning the use of these practices in various regions of the world in the period 1947-2023 based on published prospective studies. A total of 71 publications fulfilled the inclusion criteria. In terms of the total number of patients in all studies that used each FAPH intervention, the most common practice was the application of tourniquets (45.8%). Other FAPH practices described include cuts/incisions (6.7%), the application of a variety of natural or synthetic substances at the bite site (5.6%), and ingestion of natural, usually herbal, remedies (2.9%). Washing the site of the bite was described in 9.1% of patients. There were other less frequent FAPH practices, including suction, splinting-immobilization, pressure-bandage, ice packs, application of a snake/black stone, and administration of alcoholic beverages. There were differences in the extent of application of FAPH interventions in different continents. Tourniquets were highest (55.7%) in Asia. Topical application of various products was common in South America, while pressure-bandage was only reported in Australia. We did not find any statistically significant variations in the frequency of the most frequent FAPH interventions at three-time intervals (before 2006, between 2006 and 2015, and after 2015). Our findings highlight the use of FAPH interventions in patients suffering SBE, some of which are known to be harmful. It is necessary to study these practices to a higher level of geographic granularity, using community-based surveys. Programs tailored to local contexts should be promoted, aimed at avoiding the use of harmful FAPH practices. It is also necessary to assess the efficacy and safety of some interventions through robust preclinical and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalana Maduwage
- Discipline of Biomedical Sciences, University of New England, NSW, 2350, Australia.
| | | | - José María Gutiérrez
- Instituto Clodomiro Picado, Facultad de Microbiología, Universidad de Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica
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Ji S, Xiao S, Xia Z. Consensus on the treatment of second-degree burn wounds (2024 edition). Burns Trauma 2024; 12:tkad061. [PMID: 38343901 PMCID: PMC10858447 DOI: 10.1093/burnst/tkad061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Second-degree burns are the most common type of burn in clinical practice and hard to manage. Their treatment requires not only a consideration of the different outcomes that may arise from the dressing changes or surgical therapies themselves but also an evaluation of factors such as the burn site, patient age and burn area. Meanwhile, special attention should be given to the fact that there is no unified standard or specification for the diagnosis, classification, surgical procedure, and infection diagnosis and grading of second-degree burn wounds. This not only poses great challenges to the formulation of clinical treatment plans but also significantly affects the consistency of clinical studies. Moreover, currently, there are relatively few guidelines or expert consensus for the management of second-degree burn wounds, and no comprehensive and systematic guidelines or specifications for the treatment of second-degree burns have been formed. Therefore, we developed the Consensus on the Treatment of Second-Degree Burn Wounds (2024 edition), based on evidence-based medicine and expert opinion. This consensus provides specific recommendations on prehospital first aid, nonsurgical treatment, surgical treatment and infection treatment for second-degree burns. The current consensus generated a total of 58 recommendations, aiming to form a standardized clinical treatment plan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhao Ji
- Correspondence: Shizhao Ji, ; Shichu Xiao, ; Zhaofan Xia,
| | - Shichu Xiao
- Correspondence: Shizhao Ji, ; Shichu Xiao, ; Zhaofan Xia,
| | - Zhaofan Xia
- Correspondence: Shizhao Ji, ; Shichu Xiao, ; Zhaofan Xia,
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Baldwin AJ. Readability, accountability, and quality of burns first aid information available online. Burns 2023; 49:1823-1832. [PMID: 37821277 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2023.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM To assess the readability, accountability, and quality of burns first aid information available online. METHODS The top 50 English language webpages containing burns first aid information were compiled and categorised. Readability was measured using five validated tools. Accountability was assessed using the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmarks. Quality was evaluated using a scale based on previous literature. RESULTS Two (4%) webpages were judged to be at the target reading level using all tools. Median grade ranged from 4.6 to 9.6 (M = 6.9, SD = 1.1). One-sample one-tailed t-test determined that median grade was not significantly below the target grade of ≤ 6.9 (p = 0.314). Only seven (14%) webpages satisfied all the JAMA accountability benchmarks. No webpages fulfilled all 15 quality criteria. Mean quality score was 9.8 (SD = 2.4). Only 27 (54%) advised 20 min of cooling. One-way analysis of variance demonstrated that accountability was influenced by source (p = 0.01). Pearson's correlation coefficient revealed that accountability and quality had a positive correlation (r = 0.32, p = 0.02). CONCLUSION Much of the burns first aid information available online is written above the recommended reading level and fails to meet standards of accountability or quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Baldwin
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, Buckinghamshire, UK.
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12
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Xiong L, Le J, Zhao C, Yuan R, Yang M, Shen H. Clinical application of upper limb fracture fixator in emergency treatment of upper limb fracture. Pak J Med Sci 2023; 39:1818-1823. [PMID: 37936728 PMCID: PMC10626112 DOI: 10.12669/pjms.39.6.7097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To compare and analyze the curative effect of fracture upper limb fixator and traditional splint in emergency treatment of upper limb fracture. Methods This is a prospective study. A total of 80 patients with upper limb fractures admitted to the Emergency Department of Sichuan Province Orthopedic Hospital from December 2021 to August 2022 were prospectively selected as subjects. They were divided into two groups according to the random number table method: Patients in the control group were treated with traditional splint, while those in the observation group were treated with medical adjustable upper limb fixator. The clinical efficacy, treatment time, pain, fitness, probability of secondary injury and complications were compared between the two groups. Results After treatment, the excellent and good rate in the observation group (75.00%) was higher than that in the control group(52.50%). There was no statistically significant difference in the treatment time between the two groups. There was no significant difference in the probability of secondary injury between the two group. Statistically significant difference was observed in the comparison of pain conditions between the two groups. The total fitness rate of the observation group (97.50%) was higher than that of the control group (75.00%). The total incidence of complications in the observation group (2.50%) was lower than that in the control group (20.00%), with a statistically significant difference. Conclusion Fracture upper limb fixator shows various benefits in first aid of upper limb fractures, such as improving the clinical efficacy of patients with upper limb fractures, ameliorating pain, improving fitness effect, and reducing the probability of complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianghao Xiong
- Lianghao Xiong, Department of Emergency, Sichuan Province Orthopedics Hospital, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Jintao Le
- Jintao Le, Department of Emergency, Sichuan Province Orthopedics Hospital, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Chun Zhao
- Chun Zhao, Department of Emergency, Sichuan Province Orthopedics Hospital, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Rongxia Yuan
- Rongxia Yuan, Department of Emergency, Sichuan Province Orthopedics Hospital, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Mai Yang
- Mai Yang, Department of Emergency, Sichuan Province Orthopedics Hospital, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Hai Shen
- Hai Shen, Department of Emergency, Sichuan Province Orthopedics Hospital, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
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13
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Yilmazel G. Teachers' Negative Attitudes and Limited Health Literacy Levels as Risks for Low Awareness of Epilepsy in Turkey. J Prev Med Public Health 2023; 56:573-582. [PMID: 37974059 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.23.330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES For students with epilepsy, schools are a critical environment for managing the disease properly. This study examined awareness of epilepsy, attitudes toward epilepsy, and health literacy among school teachers in Turkey. METHODS This study was conducted in a city in Turkey with 1408 public school teachers from June 2021 to September 2021. RESULTS The median scores of the scales were 5, 29, and 32 for epilepsy awareness, epilepsy attitudes, and health literacy, respectively. Epilepsy awareness was higher in women, and epilepsy attitudes were more positive in women than men (p<0.05). While epilepsy awareness was higher in primary school teachers, epilepsy attitudes were more positive in secondary school teachers (p<0.05). Epilepsy awareness was lower in secondary school teachers (odds ratio [OR], 1.27; p<0.05), those who did not have an individual with epilepsy in their family/social environment (OR, 1.57; p<0.001), those who did not have a student with epilepsy in their class (OR, 1.45; p<0.05), and in those who had not witnessed an epilepsy seizure (OR,1.19; p<0.05). Compared to those with positive attitudes regarding epilepsy, epilepsy awareness was 1.36 times lower in those with negative attitudes (p<0.001). Epilepsy awareness was 1.92 times lower in those with limited health literacy than those with adequate health literacy (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS In this study, low epilepsy awareness, negative epilepsy attitudes, and limited health literacy were common among teachers. The findings from this study suggest that panels, workshops, and health training on epilepsy should be organized for school teachers and included at regular intervals in certified first-aid practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulay Yilmazel
- Hitit University Faculty of Health Science, Çorum, Turkey
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14
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Papachristodoulou V, Tripsianis G, Constantinidis TC, Kakagia DD. Knowledge and Attitudes in First Aid Practices for Thermal Burns: a Cross-sectional Study Among Adults in Northern Greece. Mater Sociomed 2023; 35:228-233. [PMID: 37795163 PMCID: PMC10545918 DOI: 10.5455/msm.2023.35.228-233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Burns are a major cause of morbidity, including prolonged hospitalization, disfigurement, disability, and emotional trauma. Long-term absence from work and high healthcare costs for burn treatment have a significant socio-economic impact. Objective his study aims to evaluate the level of knowledge for burn management in the adult population of Thrace in Northern Greece and to determine factors associated with a better level of knowledge. Methods A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted οn a random sample of the adult population of Thrace. Data were collected using a structured pre-coded questionnaire, which included subjects' socio-demographic characteristics and the first aid practices for burns. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the effect of subjects' characteristics on their knowledge of burn first aid practices. Results A total of 711 subjects (49.6% males; mean age, 41.89±16.48 years) were included in the study. The incidence of a previous burn was 55.4%. Only 10.5% of the subjects would apply the optimal practice, consisting of rinsing the burn wound with cool running water for at least 10 minutes, applying only non-adhesive dressing on it and leaving the blisters intact. The optimal practice was independently associated with female gender (aOR=1.86, p=0.016), high education level (aOR=2.00, p=0.023), the presence of >3 children (aOR=2.27, p=0.009) and previous training in first aid (aOR=2.36, p=0.001). A large number of participants reported the application of toothpaste (38%), moisturizer (35.4%), aloe (31.8%) or yogurt (27.7%) to the burn surface. Conclusion Only a small proportion of the participants were aware of the optimal burn first aid practices, most of them female, of high socioeconomic status. We recommend a more targeted approach in the design of health campaigns in the future, in order to reach vulnerable parts of the population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gregory Tripsianis
- Laboratory of Medical Statistics, School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Theodoros C Constantinidis
- Laboratory of Hygiene and Environmental Protection, School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Despoina D Kakagia
- Department of Plastic Surgery & Burns, School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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15
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Ng R, O'Reilly CL, Collins JC, Roennfeldt H, McMillan SS, Wheeler AJ, El-Den S. Mental Health First Aid crisis role-plays between pharmacists and simulated patients with lived experience: a thematic analysis of debrief. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2023; 58:1365-1373. [PMID: 36928545 PMCID: PMC10423112 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-023-02443-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Healthcare professionals, including pharmacists, can recognise and assist people experiencing mental health crises. Despite this, little is known about how pharmacists assist and engage with people presenting with signs and symptoms of mental health crises. This study aimed to (i) examine pharmacists' mental health crisis assessment language during simulated patient role-plays (SPRPs) and (ii) explore participants' experiences of participating in SPRPs of Mental Health First Aid (MHFA) scenarios. METHODS Fifty-nine MHFA-trained pharmacy staff participated in audio-recorded SPRPs of three crisis scenarios enacted by a mental health consumer educator (MHCE). Post-SPRP, pharmacy staff members (including role-playing and observing participants), engaged in reflective debrief discussions with the facilitator and MHCEs. Debrief discussions were transcribed verbatim and analysed using inductive thematic analysis and suicide assessment language was explored. RESULTS The majority of role-playing pharmacists asked about suicidal ideation using appropriate, direct language (n = 8). Qualitative analyses of debrief discussions yielded four themes: (i) Relationship with the consumer, (ii) Verbal and non-verbal communication, (iii) Challenges with crisis assessment, which included difficulties associated with initiating conversations about suicide and mania, and (iv) Reflective learning. CONCLUSION While pharmacists demonstrated the appropriate suicide assessment language post-MHFA training, pharmacists felt uncomfortable initiating conversations around suicide and lacked confidence during crisis assessments. SPRPs provided pharmacists with opportunities to reflect on and practice MHFA skills in a safe learning environment. Future research exploring how MHFA training and SPRPs impact pharmacists' ability to provide MHFA in real-world settings is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricki Ng
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Pharmacy and Bank Building A15, The University of Sydney School of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Science Road, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia.
| | - Claire L O'Reilly
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Pharmacy and Bank Building A15, The University of Sydney School of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Science Road, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Jack C Collins
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Pharmacy and Bank Building A15, The University of Sydney School of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Science Road, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Helena Roennfeldt
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
- Centre for Mental Health, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sara S McMillan
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Griffith Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
- Centre for Mental Health, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Amanda J Wheeler
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Nathan Campus, Griffith University, Nathan, Australia
- Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Centre for Mental Health, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sarira El-Den
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, Pharmacy and Bank Building A15, The University of Sydney School of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Science Road, Camperdown, NSW, 2006, Australia
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16
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Niu Y. Integrated physical education and medicine in general physical education at universities in the age of educational technologies. BMC Med Educ 2023; 23:466. [PMID: 37349726 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04440-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The integration of training sessions into modern education is of vital importance for such disciplines as Physical Education and First Aid for the non-core specialities. This research explored the opportunities to introduce a pilot programme for Sports Medicine based on the First Aid and Fitness Tests applications to develop critical thinking skills in students using an indirect learning method. METHODS This research used the Fitness Tests application developed by the ConnectedPE software company. The software contains more than 30 fitness tests and indicates the goal, equipment, procedure and standards so that students can easily and accurately complete all tasks and improve their fitness. The experimental group involved 60 first-year students (25 females and 35 males). The average age is 18.2 years. The control group involved 28 males and 32 females with an average age of 18.3 years. Students were assigned randomly to groups to ensure the experiment's validity. RESULTS The analysis of the pre-test and post-test of Critical Thinking Skills Success showed significant improvements in critical thinking skills (Z = -6.755 at p = 0.00) based on the integrated sports medicine programme. A negative correlation was observed between the post-test scores of Critical Thinking Skills Success and the Integrated Sports Medicine Test (r = -0.280, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This article fills a gap in research on the possibility of integrating physical education and medicine into one ICT-based university course that would optimise study hours and develop critical thinking. The research's scientific value is to promote the discussion about the absence of a unified standard for the basic sports training of young individuals on a global scale. The practical significance lies in the enhanced development of critical thinking skills among students through integrated sports training sessions, as opposed to the conventional lecture format. The other important finding is the fact that the use of mobile applications and the development of a general programme in sports medicine have no positive impact or correlation with the academic outputs of students in these two disciplines. The research results can help educators to update curricula on physical education and extracurricular pre-medical training at universities. The perspective of this research is to integrate physical education with other academic disciplines, such as biology, mathematics, physics, and others, to determine the feasibility of this integration and investigate its effect on critical thinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Niu
- Physical Education Department, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan, Hebei, China.
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17
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Birkun AA, Gautam A. Instructional support on first aid in choking by an artificial intelligence-powered chatbot. Am J Emerg Med 2023:S0735-6757(23)00306-6. [PMID: 37330383 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2023.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexei A Birkun
- Department of General Surgery, Anesthesiology, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine, Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky of V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University, Lenin Blvd, 5/7, Simferopol 295051, Russian Federation.
| | - Adhish Gautam
- Regional Government Hospital, Una (H.P.), 174303, India
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18
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Chipp E. Outpatient and Minor Burn Treatment. Surg Clin North Am 2023; 103:377-387. [PMID: 37149375 DOI: 10.1016/j.suc.2023.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Burn injuries are common; most burn injuries may be considered minor and are suitable for outpatient management. Steps should be taken to ensure that patients managed in this way still retain access to the full burns multidisciplinary team, and that admission remains an option if complications develop or according to patient preference. Modern antimicrobial dressings, outreach nursing teams, and the use of telemedicine means that the number of patients that can be safely managed without hospital admission is likely to increase further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Chipp
- Consultant Burns and Plastic Surgeon, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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19
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Øvstebø AMM, Bjørshol CA, Grønlien S, Lund H, Lindner TW. Symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder among first aid providers. Resusc Plus 2023; 14:100373. [PMID: 36935818 PMCID: PMC10020090 DOI: 10.1016/j.resplu.2023.100373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Every year, large numbers of individuals are present or provide first aid in situations involving out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, injuries, or suicides. Little is known about the impact of providing first aid or witnessing a first aid situation, but research indicates that many first aid providers (FAP) experience persistent psychological difficulties. Here we aimed to assess the level of psychological impact of being a FAP. Methods In this retrospective study, FAP attending follow-up were asked to complete the International Trauma Questionnaire (ITQ), which is a self-report diagnostic measure of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex post-traumatic stress disorder (CPTSD). We recorded endorsement of a symptom or functional impairment (score ≥ 2/4 on at least one of 18 items). Results Of the 102 FAP in this study, 86 (84%) showed endorsement of a symptom or functional impairment. Common symptoms/functional impairments included being super-alert, watchful, or on guard; having powerful mental images; avoiding internal reminders or memories; and being affected in important parts of one's life. One-third had affected ability to work. Of the FAPs who attended follow-up more than one month after the incident (n = 32), 19% met the criteria for PTSD or CPTSD. Conclusions The majority of FAPs have endorsement of a symptom or functional impairment. Some FAPs fulfil the criteria of PTSD. We suggest that follow-up should be offered by the EMS to all FAPs involved in incidents with an unconscious patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Marie Moe Øvstebø
- The Regional Centre for Emergency Medical Research and Development (RAKOS), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Conrad Arnfinn Bjørshol
- The Regional Centre for Emergency Medical Research and Development (RAKOS), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Dept. of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Clinical Institute 1, Faculty of Medicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Corresponding author at: Stavanger University Hospital, P.O. Box 8100, NO-4068 Stavanger, Norway.
| | - Sissel Grønlien
- Emergency Medical Communication Center, Innlandet Hospital, Gjøvik, Norway
| | - Helene Lund
- Emergency Medical Communication Center, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Thomas Werner Lindner
- The Regional Centre for Emergency Medical Research and Development (RAKOS), Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
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20
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Idland S, Kramer-Johansen J, Bakke HK, Hjortdahl M. Assessing bystander first aid: development and validation of a First Aid Quality Assessment (FAQA) tool. BMC Emerg Med 2023; 23:39. [PMID: 37013526 PMCID: PMC10071655 DOI: 10.1186/s12873-023-00811-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Injuries are one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Bystanders at the scene can perform first aid measures before the arrival of health services. The quality of first aid measures likely affects patient outcome. However, scientific evidence on its effect on patient outcome is limited. To properly assess bystander first aid quality, measure effect, and facilitate improvement, validated assessment tools are needed. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a First Aid Quality Assessment (FAQA) tool. The FAQA tool focuses on first aid measures for injured patients based on the ABC-principle, as assessed by ambulance personnel arriving on scene. METHODS In phase 1, we drafted an initial version of the FAQA tool for assessment of airway management, control of external bleeding, recovery position and hypothermia prevention. A group of ambulance personnel aided presentation and wording of the tool. In phase 2 we made eight virtual reality (VR) films, each presenting an injury scenario where bystander performed first aid. In phase 3, an expert group discussed until consensus on how the FAQA tool should rate each scenario. Followingly, 19 respondents, all ambulance personnel, rated the eight films with the FAQA tool. We assessed concurrent validity and inter-rater agreement by visual inspection and Kendall's coefficient of concordance. RESULTS FAQA-scores by the expert group concurred with ± 1 of the median of the respondents on all first aid measures for all eight films except one case, where a deviation of 2 was seen. The inter-rater agreement was "very good" for three first aid measures, "good" for one, and "moderate" for the scoring of overall quality on first aid measures. CONCLUSION Our findings show that it is feasible and acceptable for ambulance personnel to collect information on bystander first aid with the FAQA tool and will be of importance for future research on bystander first aid for injured patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siri Idland
- Institute of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Science, Bachelor Program in Paramedic Science, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway.
- Division of Prehospital Services, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Jo Kramer-Johansen
- Division of Prehospital Services, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Håkon Kvåle Bakke
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Health and Care Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, UiT, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Magnus Hjortdahl
- Institute of Nursing and Health Promotion, Faculty of Health Science, Bachelor Program in Paramedic Science, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Prehospital Services, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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21
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Tzenetidis N, Kourlaba G, Triantafyllou C, Tzenetidis V, Koulouvaris P, Myrianthefs P. Practices and educational needs of Hellenic Police Officers in providing first aid/cardiopulmonary resuscitation: A cross-sectional survey. Work 2023:WOR220150. [PMID: 36683479 DOI: 10.3233/wor-220150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well known that police officers (POs) are expected to be the first responders in emergency cases requiring First Aid (FA) such as cardiac arrest. OBJECTIVE Description of practices and educational needs of Hellenic POs in providing FA/Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) in case of medical emergencies and description of the equipment of professional FA kit. METHODS An anonymous cross-sectional survey was conducted from January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2017, using a self-administered questionnaire designed to serve the purposes of this particular survey. The instrument consisted of 53 questions (multiple choice and open-ended questions) administered in a convenience sample of 700 POs of the Attica prefecture. RESULTS A sample of 520 POs (constables and lieutenants) completed the questionnaire (response rate = 74.28%). Among the participants, 248 (47.7 %) declared that they had provided FA/CPR in the past, while among those declaring that they had never provided FA/PCR (n = 248), 153 (61.7%) said that they had experienced FA/CPR needs, but did not know what they had to do. Moreover, only 18.1% (94/520) of the POs answered that they have FA equipment in their professional equipment, which mainly includes bandages (54/94, 57.4%), while 29.7% of POs provided answers about their educational needs (313 in total) declared that they would like to be educated in bleeding control. CONCLUSION There is a need to educate and train Greek POs in first aid and CPR in an organized and mandatory way in order to meet emergency needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Tzenetidis
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Georgia Kourlaba
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Peloponnese, Tripoli Greece
| | - Christos Triantafyllou
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Panagiotis Koulouvaris
- First Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Pavlos Myrianthefs
- Department of Nursing, School of Health Sciences, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
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22
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Chen PJ, Liou WK. The effects of an augmented reality application developed for paediatric first aid training on the knowledge and skill levels of nursing students: An experimental controlled study. Nurse Educ Today 2023; 120:105629. [PMID: 36375385 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2022.105629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of the present research was to develop an augmented reality paediatric first aid training system to investigate the effects of such a system on the knowledge, skill levels, and self-confidence of nursing students in first-aid practices. OBJECTIVE This controlled experiment was conducted at a junior college. Ninety-five fourth-year nursing students participated in this study; 46 in the experimental group and 49 in the control group. DESIGN AND METHODS Data were collected using the Paediatric First Aid Knowledge Scale, Visual Analogue Scale of Self-Confidence and First Aid Practice Evaluation Checklist and pre- and post-test analyses were performed. The experimental group used the augmented reality application for paediatric first aid training, while the control group used a traditional method. RESULTS There was no statistically significant difference between the students' pre-test scores in both groups, indicating that the students had similar levels of knowledge of paediatric first aid before the intervention. The post-test of the paediatric first aid knowledge results showed that students in the experimental group significantly outperformed those in the control group (p < .05). A significant difference was found in the first aid skills between the groups (p < .001). Additionally, the students in the experimental group stated that the augmented reality application significantly improved their self-confidence in performing paediatric emergency care (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS The augmented reality application had a positive effect on the knowledge and skill levels of nursing students regarding first aid practices. This study suggests that augmented reality is a valuable teaching tool in many areas of nursing education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pao-Ju Chen
- Department of Nursing, College of Healthcare and Management, Asia Eastern University of Science and Technology, New Taipei City 220303, Taiwan, ROC.
| | - Wei-Kai Liou
- College of Management and Design, Ming Chi University of Technology, New Taipei City 243303, Taiwan, ROC.
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23
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Ronconi RWF, Moreira LH, de Lima CJ, Neto OP, Osorio RAL. Tourniquets, types and techniques in emergency prehospital care: A narrative review. Med Eng Phys 2023; 111:103923. [PMID: 36792231 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2022.103923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Massive uncontrolled hemorrhage is an important cause of preventable death in trauma. Therefore, applying an arterial tourniquet (TQ) is recommended as a pre-hospital measure to control bleeding after severe traumatic bleeding. Limb TQ applies circumferential compression proximally to the injury site to compress the arteries, resulting in blood flow and consequently hemorrhage interruption. The use of commercial tourniquets (C-TQ), which are designed, tested, and registered to control hemorrhages in pre-hospital care, is a consensus. However, they are still uncommon in many prehospital emergency services and the overall level of evidence in most studies is low. This narrative review aimed to characterize the importance of tourniquets use in prehospital emergency care and its application techniques. Furthermore, it proposes to stimulate the development of new devices, more accessible and easier to use, to suggest new directions of studies and medical education demands, with manikin and simulation development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger William Freire Ronconi
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, Universidade Anhembi Morumbi UAM, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil; Biomedical Engineering Department, Center for Innovation, Technology and Education CITE, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil; Tacmed Brasil, Taubaté, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Livia Helena Moreira
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, Universidade Anhembi Morumbi UAM, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil; Biomedical Engineering Department, Center for Innovation, Technology and Education CITE, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos José de Lima
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, Universidade Anhembi Morumbi UAM, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil; Biomedical Engineering Department, Center for Innovation, Technology and Education CITE, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Osmar Pinto Neto
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, Universidade Anhembi Morumbi UAM, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil; Biomedical Engineering Department, Center for Innovation, Technology and Education CITE, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil; Arena235 Research Lab, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Alexis Lazo Osorio
- Biomedical Engineering Institute, Universidade Anhembi Morumbi UAM, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil; Biomedical Engineering Department, Center for Innovation, Technology and Education CITE, São José dos Campos, São Paulo, Brazil
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24
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Jehangir S. Understanding burn injuries in Indian children- a step toward prevention and prompt first aid. Burns 2022; 49:735-736. [PMID: 36604279 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2022.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Jehangir
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Christian Medical College, Vellore, TN 632004 India.
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25
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Salim MA, Gabrieli P, Millanzi WC. Enhancing pre-school teachers' competence in managing pediatric injuries in Pemba Island, Zanzibar. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:691. [PMID: 36461011 PMCID: PMC9716773 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03765-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Safe and healthy learning environment in pre-schools has received increased attention in promoting the well-being of pre-school children. However, pediatric injuries have remained one of the leading causes of childhood morbidity and mortality around the globe. Empowering pre-school teachers with first aid competencies have been identified as being of potential strategy against pediatric health burdens of problem. This study tested the effect of established pediatric first aid training on pre-school teachers' knowledge, attitude, and intention to practice first aid management to pre-school children in Zanzibar. METHODS: Uncontrolled quasi-experimental design with a quantitative research approach was conducted in Teachers' Resource Centers among 120 preschool teachers at Pemba Island, Zanzibar. First aid training was facilitated based on the prescribed guidelines and standards of materials adapted from the American Academy of Pediatrics and implemented. The intervention was preceded by a baseline assessment using structured questionnaires adopted from previous studies that served as the main data collection tool. RESULTS Participants' mean age was 32 years ± 6.2 with 84.2% of the sample being females. Given the training, post-test findings demonstrated a significant increase (p < 0.01) in participants' first aid management scores with mean differences of M = 15.08 ± 5.34 (Knowledge), M = 26.99 ± 6.587 (Attitude), and (M = 4.76 ± 0.648 (Intentional practice). CONCLUSION The established pediatric first aid training can enhance the spectrum of managing pediatric injuries among preschool teachers in Zanzibar. Ongoing public health services opportunities should be structured within teachers' continuous learning against pediatric injuries in Zanzibar-Tanzania.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A. Salim
- grid.442459.a0000 0001 1998 2954Department of Nursing Management and Education, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of Dodoma, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Prosper Gabrieli
- grid.442459.a0000 0001 1998 2954Department of Educational Psychology and Curriculum Studies, College of Education, University of Dodoma, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Walter C. Millanzi
- grid.442459.a0000 0001 1998 2954Department of Nursing Management and Education, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of Dodoma, Dodoma, Tanzania
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Wani JI, Almushayt NO, Abbag WF, Buhran LA, Nadeem M. Pediatric first aid, trauma knowledge, and attitude among parents and general population in Aseer region, Southern Saudi Arabia. SAGE Open Med 2022; 10:20503121221126762. [PMID: 36267494 PMCID: PMC9577076 DOI: 10.1177/20503121221126762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Around the world, accidents and injuries are the leading causes of death
among children. Because mothers and family members commonly administer first
aid at home and at preschools, it’s critical to learn what parents and the
public think about children’s mishaps. Our objective was to assess parents’
knowledge and attitude toward pediatric first aid in the Aseer region of
Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Aseer region of Saudi Arabia to
assess the parents’ level of knowledge and attitude about pediatric first
aid and trauma with an electronic- and paper-based multiple-choice
self-administered questionnaire covering different medical emergencies. The
Arabic and English versions of the questionnaire were made from the
information obtained from the first aid educational content of the Saudi
Ministry of Health. Results: When the participants were asked about their knowledge of pediatric first
aid, arranged in descending order from most answers, 37% (n = 135) answered
it was good, 30% (n = 111) answered that it was very good, 20% (n = 74)
answered that it was not enough, and 13% (n = 47) answered that it was
excellent. Results of the multiple linear regression analysis showed the
knowledge score to be significantly higher among participants who had higher
education levels (t = 2.039, p < 0.001), who had received first aid
training before (t = 2.786, p = 0.0001), those who were already healthcare
providers (t = 4.336, p < 0.001), those who were from rural districts
(t = 2.5, p = 0.355), and younger personnel (t = 0.821, p = 0.345) The
difference was not statistically significant. Conclusion: Although this study shows that the level of first aid knowledge among
personnel who care for children was low, it also shows that they are
interested in obtaining proper training.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mir Nadeem
- Mir Nadeem, Department of Medicine, King
Khalid University, Abha, 62217, Saudi Arabia.
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Dolenc Šparovec E, Slabe D, Eržen I, Kovačič U. The importance of elderly people knowing basic first-aid measures. BMC Emerg Med 2022; 22:128. [PMID: 35836111 PMCID: PMC9281334 DOI: 10.1186/s12873-022-00675-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In the event of a sudden illness or injury, elderly individuals are often dependent on self-help and mutual assistance from partners. With poor access to medical services during natural and other disasters, the importance of first aid knowledge of elderly individuals increases even more. We assessed the opinions of different generations of Slovenian population regarding the importance of knowing the basic first aid measures. In addition, we aimed to examine the knowledge of first aid in the most common emergencies that threaten elderly people’s health and lives, focusing on the knowledge of elderly. Methods A structured questionnaire was conducted with a representative Slovenian adult population (n = 1079). Statistically significant differences in average ratings of the importance of first aid knowledge were compared among different age groups with one-way ANOVA followed by a post hoc test. Significant differences in percentages of correct answers in particular cases of health conditions between different age groups were determined using the χ 2 test followed by post hoc tests. Results Slovenes are well aware of the importance of first aid knowledge and feel personally responsible for acquiring this knowledge. The general opinion is that older retirees need less first aid knowledge than individuals in younger populations. We found a high level of knowledge about symptoms and first aid measures for some of the most common health conditions that occur in old age. The level of knowledge in the group of the oldest respondents was comparable with that of younger age groups. However, their recognition of health conditions was also somewhat worse, especially when recognising the symptoms and signs of hypoglycaemia and heart attack. Most of the tested knowledge did not depend on a person’s age but on the time since that person was last educated in first aid. Conclusions The knowledge of people older than 80 years is somewhat poorer than that in the younger population, mainly because too much time has passed since they were last educated in first aid. Public awareness of first aid needs to be increased and appropriate guidelines should be given with a focus on the elderly population. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12873-022-00675-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Dolenc Šparovec
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Sanitary Engineering Department, Public Health Division, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Damjan Slabe
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Sanitary Engineering Department, Public Health Division, University of Ljubljana, Zdravstvena pot 5, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ivan Eržen
- National Institute of Public Health, Trubarjeva cesta 2, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Uroš Kovačič
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Institute of Pathophysiology, Zaloška cesta 4, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Hu X, Liu L, Xu Z, Yang J, Guo H, Zhu L, Lamers WH, Wu Y. Creation and application of war trauma treatment simulation software for first aid on the battlefield based on undeformed high-resolution sectional anatomical image (Chinese Visible Human dataset). BMC Med Educ 2022; 22:498. [PMID: 35752811 PMCID: PMC9233836 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03566-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective first aid on the battlefield is vital to minimize deaths caused by war trauma and improve combat effectiveness. However, it is difficult for junior medical students, which have relatively poor human anatomy knowledge and first aid experience. Therefore, we aim to create a treatment simulation software for war trauma, and to explore its application for first aid training. METHODS : This study is a quantitative post-positivist study using a survey for data collection. First, high-resolution, thin-sectional anatomical images (Chinese Visible Human (CVH) dataset) were used to reconstruct three-dimensional (3D) wound models. Then, the simulation system and the corresponding interactive 3D-PDF, including 3D models, graphic explanation, and teaching videos, were built, and used for first aid training in army medical college. Finally, the interface, war trauma modules, and training effects were evaluated using a five-point Likert scale questionnaire. All measurements are represented as mean and standard deviations. Moreover, free text comments from questionnaires were collected and aggregated. RESULTS The simulation software and interactive 3D-PDF were established. This included pressure hemostasis of the vertex, face, head-shoulder, shoulder-arm, upper forearm, lower limb, foot, and punctures of the cricothyroid membrane, pneumothorax, and marrow cavity. Seventy-eight medical students participated in the training and completed the questionnaire, including 66 junior college students and 12 graduate students. The results indicated that they were highly satisfied with the software (score: 4.64 ± 0.56). The systems were user-friendly (score: 4.40 ± 0.61) and easy to operate (score: 4.49 ± 0.68). The 3D models, knowledge of hemostasis, and puncture were accurate (scores: 4.41 ± 0.67, and 4.53 ± 0.69) and easily adopted (scores: 4.54 ± 0.635, and 4.40 ± 0.648). They provided information about hemostasis and puncture (all scores > 4.40), except for cricothyroid membrane puncture (scores: 4.39 ± 0.61), improved the learning enthusiasm of medical students (score: 4.55 ± 0.549), and increased learning interest (score: 4.54 ± 0.57). CONCLUSION Our software can effectively help medical students master first aid skills including hemostasis, cricothyroid membrane and bone marrow puncture, and its anatomy. This may also be used for soldiers and national first aid training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Hu
- Department of Digital Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Imaging, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), No. 30, Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Digital Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Imaging, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), No. 30, Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhou Xu
- Department of Digital Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Imaging, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), No. 30, Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingyi Yang
- Department of Digital Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Imaging, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), No. 30, Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongfeng Guo
- Department of Basic Operative Surgery, College of General Medicine, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), No. 30, Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, 400038, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Zhu
- Frontier Medical Training Brigade, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), No. 75, Dongfeng Street, Hutubi country, 831200, Xinjiang, China
| | - Wouter H Lamers
- Academic Medical Center, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Digital Medicine, College of Biomedical Engineering and Medical Imaging, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), No. 30, Gaotanyan Street, Shapingba District, 400038, Chongqing, China.
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Diango K, Yangongo J, Sistenich V, Mafuta E, Wallis L. Awareness, attitude and perceived knowledge regarding First Aid in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo: A cross-sectional household survey. Afr J Emerg Med 2022; 12:135-140. [PMID: 35415070 PMCID: PMC8980329 DOI: 10.1016/j.afjem.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Prehospital emergency care systems in Africa need to be developed to address a growing burden of disease and improve outcomes. Minimal data exist on First Aid (FA) in the low socioeconomic setting of Sub-Saharan Africa and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) in particular. A community-based evaluation can provide a better understanding of the nature and level of the gaps as perceived by community members in Kinshasa, DRC. This evaluation offers a basis from which country-specific layperson FA training programmes could be developed and rolled out to equip Kinshasa's communities with lifesaving skills.
Introduction Emergency care can potentially address half of deaths and one-third of disability in low-and-middle income countries. First Aid (FA) is at the core of out-of-hospital emergency care and is crucial to empower laypersons to preserve life, alleviate suffering and improve emergency response and outcomes. This study aimed to gauge FA awareness, the attitude and perceived knowledge in households in the low socioeconomic setting of Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Methods We undertook a cross-sectional community-based household survey in twelve health zones in Kinshasa. A three-stage randomised cluster sampling was used to identify 1217 households. The head of each household or an adult representative answered on behalf of himself/herself and the household. The primary outcome was FA awareness, attitude and perceived knowledge. Results Most households had a poor socio-economic background, with 70.0% living on <US$100 per person per month. Most respondents received formal education (98.4%), with 37.6% reaching the tertiary level. The majority (77.6%) believed that an emergency requiring FA was likely to happen in their household. There was a noticeable contrast between awareness (90.0% asserted that FA knowledge is a necessity) and positive attitude regarding FA (91.3% believed that FA increases wellbeing and survival) on one hand, and the insignificant rate of FA training (0.2%) on the other. Most (83.6%) acknowledged they did not think they had the required basic FA knowledge and skills for five selected common life-threatening emergencies. The age, area of residence and level of education of participants played a variable role regarding FA awareness, attitude and knowledge. Conclusion Most participants reported inadequate knowledge of FA despite awareness and a positive attitude. Context-appropriate training programs are greatly needed to empower Kinshasa's communities and equip them with lifesaving skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken Diango
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town South Africa
- Corresponding author.
| | - John Yangongo
- Kinshasa School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa. Commune Lemba, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Vera Sistenich
- Emergency Medicine Department, St George's Hospital, Gray Street, Kogarah, NSW, Australia
| | - Eric Mafuta
- Kinshasa School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa. Commune Lemba, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
| | - Lee Wallis
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town South Africa
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Moore C, Clover J, Gibson L. Evaluating parental knowledge of pediatric burns first aid in Ireland and the effectiveness of an educational intervention improving knowledge. Burns 2022; 48:672-682. [PMID: 34696953 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2021.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM Burns represent a large portion of injuries attending emergency departments each year, with children accounting for the biggest proportion. Appropriate first aid has been shown to help improve the outcome of burns, and decrease the need for surgical intervention. Several studies outside of Ireland demonstrate inadequate parental knowledge of burns first aid, but few evaluated interventions to improve knowledge. Consequently our aim was to assess parental/caregiver knowledge in Ireland, and determine if knowledge levels could be raised following a short educational video intervention. METHODS An educational video based on current European and British best practice guidelines was produced and shown to parents/caregivers waiting in the Pediatric Outpatients Department after a previously validated pre-intervention questionnaire was completed. A post intervention questionnaire was completed following the video. Questionnaires assessed demographics, previous experience and included scenarios to test parental knowledge. RESULTS 112 parents/caregivers (81.3% female (n = 91), 18.8% male (n = 21)) were questioned. Baseline knowledge was found to be poor overall, however this significantly improved with a simple educational video (pre-score 31.9%, post-test mean score knowledge 92.1%). Pre- and post-test scores showed a statistical significance (x2 = 71.117, P < 0.001, 95% CI).No other variables analysed were shown to be statistically significant predictors of pre- or post-test scores (all p > 0.05). CONCLUSION The study found poor parental knowledge of burns first aid in Ireland and shows the use of an educational video was effective in raising knowledge levels.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James Clover
- University College Cork, Ireland; Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland.
| | - Louise Gibson
- University College Cork, Ireland; Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland.
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Zhang H, Yin S, Liu J, Li X, Cao G, Cao Y, Ma J, Song R, Zhang G, Wang Y. A content analysis of scald first aid information on Chinese websites. Burns 2022; 48:585-94. [PMID: 34857414 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2021.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE With the rapid development of networks in China, the Internet has become an important source of first aid information for scalds. As a country with the largest population, there are a large number of scald cases every year in China. The content analysis of websites aimed to assess the accuracy and quality of the information on scalds available on Chinese websites. METHODS Using keywords related to scald in the most popular Chinese search engines, 19 sites were eventually selected for evaluation based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. These websites were assessed on quality and content accuracy by using HONcode, DISCERN, and Patient Education Materials Assessment Tool (PEMAT) evaluation scales, and a modified evaluation system based on the system developed by J.D. Burgess. The evaluation was completed by a 5-person evaluation team. The subjective items were reviewed by five independent reviewers. The objective items were recorded by one reviewer, then another checked the results. RESULTS Using "scald first aid," "scald treatment," and "scald blister" to search on Baidu, Sougou, and Haosou, a total of 180 websites were recorded. According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 19 websites were obtained for assessment. Among them, 17 websites (89%) were established by commercial companies. Of the remaining two websites, one was created by a government agency and the other was created by a non-profit organization. The mean total HONcode score, DISCERN score, PEMAT (understandability) score, PEMAT (actionability) score, content accuracy score, and website quality score were 5.19 ± 1.09 out of 8; 52.63 ± 3.69 out of 80; 68%; 56%; 5.05 ± 1.47 out of 8; and 6.11 out of 12, respectively. The scores of the government agency website are better than that of commercial websites. CONCLUSION The websites established by government agencies and non-profit organizations are few, and most of the websites are established by commercial companies. Compared with the government agency website, these commercial websites contain many advertisements, and their website quality and accuracy need to be further improved.
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Zhou DS. [Progress in early emergency treatment of pelvic fractures with severe hemodynamic instability]. Zhongguo Gu Shang 2022; 35:305-9. [PMID: 35485143 DOI: 10.12200/j.issn.1003-0034.2022.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Sheng Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics and Trauma, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China
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Ssewante N, Wekha G, Namusoke M, Sanyu B, Nkwanga A, Nalunkuma R, Olum R, Ssentongo LK, Ahabwe R, Kalembe SE, Nantagya VN, Kalanzi J. Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice of first aid among taxi operators in a Kampala City Taxi Park, Uganda: A cross-sectional study. Afr J Emerg Med 2022; 12:61-66. [PMID: 35070656 PMCID: PMC8761610 DOI: 10.1016/j.afjem.2021.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Road traffic accidents are among the leading causes of death in Uganda. Taxi operators are at a high risk of RTA and can potentially be first responders. This study, aimed to assess knowledge, attitude, and practice of first aid among taxi operators in the new taxi park, Kampala Uganda. METHODS A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021 among taxi drivers and conductors in the New Taxi Park, Kampala City, Uganda. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data from taxi operators after informed consent. Chi-square or Fisher's exact test and logistic regression were performed in STATA 16 to assess the association between first aid knowledge and demographics. P < 0.05 was statistically significant. RESULTS A total of 345 participants, majority males (n = 338, 98%) aged between 18 and 45 years (76.5%), were recruited. Although 97.7% (n = 337) had heard about first aid, only 19.4% (n = 67) had prior first aid training. Overall mean knowledge score was 40.1% (SD = 14.5%), with 29.9% (n = 103) having good knowledge (≥50%). Participants who had witnessed more than five accidents (aOR = 2.9, 95% CI = 1.7-4.8, p < 0.001), those with first aid kits (aOR = 1.7, 95% CI = 1.0-3.0, p = 0.38) were more likely to have good knowledge while those below post-secondary education level i.e., Primary (AOR = 0.2, 95% CI = 0.1-0.5, p ≤0.001) and secondary (aOR = 0.2, 95% CI = 0.1-0.6, p = 0.001), were less likely to have good knowledge. About 97% and 93% perceived first aid as important and were willing to undergo training, respectively; however, only 69% were willing to give first aid. Only 181(52.5%) had ever attended to accident victims. CONCLUSION Majority of taxi operators had poor first aid knowledge. Factors associated with good knowledge included level of education, number of accidents witnessed, having first aid kits. Although their attitudes were favorable, practice was poor. Comprehensive training and refresher courses can help increase first aid knowledge, and improving practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson Ssewante
- School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
- Corresponding author.
| | - Godfrey Wekha
- School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Moureen Namusoke
- School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Bereta Sanyu
- School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ayub Nkwanga
- School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Racheal Nalunkuma
- School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Ronald Olum
- School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Rachel Ahabwe
- School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sharon Esther Kalembe
- School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Joseph Kalanzi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
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Zawadzka M, Anuszkiewicz K, Szmuda M, Błaszczyk W, Knurowska A, Stogowski P, Sokolewicz EM, Waszak P, Mazurkiewicz-Bełdzińska M. Epilepsy awareness among school-aged students in Poland. Epilepsy Behav 2022; 128:108603. [PMID: 35151191 DOI: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2022.108603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epilepsy can be a well-controlled condition with only a slight impact on patients' life. Lack of knowledge within society contributes to children with epilepsy experiencing discrimination and hostility. The aim of this study was to evaluate the awareness of epilepsy and general views on people struggling with this disease among school-aged children. METHODS The study was conducted on a random sample of Polish school students, in total 472 participants. Participants' knowledge was assessed by a self-completed survey. RESULTS Students are unaware of the wide range of symptoms occurring during seizures. More than half claimed that people experiencing epilepsy should not perform sports activities. Alarmingly, 30% of participants believe that those patients should not leave the house and they should be excluded from many jobs. Almost all participants would help a person experiencing seizures and remember proper head protection; shockingly, 20% of children would try to put something in the person's mouth. Older students seem to be better educated on epilepsy, but the percentage of incorrect personal beliefs and myths is similar for each age group. SIGNIFICANCE School-aged students have insufficient knowledge of epilepsy. More emphasis should be put on first aid during seizures and on the spectrum of epilepsy symptoms. Educating society is important for life quality of people experiencing epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Zawadzka
- Department of Developmental Neurology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7 Street, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Karolina Anuszkiewicz
- Department of Developmental Neurology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7 Street, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marta Szmuda
- Department of Developmental Neurology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7 Street, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Weronika Błaszczyk
- Department of Developmental Neurology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7 Street, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Agata Knurowska
- Department of Developmental Neurology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7 Street, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr Stogowski
- Department of Developmental Neurology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7 Street, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Ewa Maria Sokolewicz
- Department of Developmental Neurology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Dębinki 7 Street, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Przemysław Waszak
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Department of Developmental Psychiatry, Psychotic and Geriatric Disorders, Dębinki 7 Street, 80-952 Gdańsk, Poland
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Metelmann B, Brinkrolf P, Kliche M, Vollmer M, Hahnenkamp K, Metelmann C. [Emergency medical service, medical on-call service, or emergency department : Germans unsure whom to contact in acute medical events]. Med Klin Intensivmed Notfmed 2022; 117:144-151. [PMID: 33877425 PMCID: PMC8897349 DOI: 10.1007/s00063-021-00820-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In medical events, patients have to independently decide whom to contact: emergency medical services, medical on-call service or emergency department. OBJECTIVES Are Germans able to assess the urgency of medical events and choose the correct resource? MATERIALS AND METHODS In 2018 a nationwide anonymous telephone survey was done in Gabler-Haeder design. In all, 708 interviewees were presented with six medical scenarios. Participants were asked to rate urgency and to assess whether medical help was necessary within minutes to hours. Telephone numbers of emergency medical services and medical on-call service were inquired. RESULTS Urgency of different scenarios was often misjudged: in cases with high, medium, and low urgency the misjudgement rate were 20, 50, and 27%, respectively. If medical help was rated as necessary, some participants chose the wrong service: 25% would not call an ambulance in stroke or myocardial infarction. In cases with medium urgency, more respondents chose to consult an emergency department (38%) than to call medical on-call service (46%). CONCLUSIONS Knowledge regarding different options for treatment of medical events and competence to assess urgency seem to be too low. Beside efforts to increase health literacy, one solution might be to introduce a joint telephone number for emergency medical services and medical on-call service with a uniform assessment tool and appropriate allocation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bibiana Metelmann
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Anästhesie, Intensiv‑, Notfall- und Schmerzmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475, Greifswald, Deutschland.
| | - Peter Brinkrolf
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Anästhesie, Intensiv‑, Notfall- und Schmerzmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475, Greifswald, Deutschland
| | - Marian Kliche
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Anästhesie, Intensiv‑, Notfall- und Schmerzmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475, Greifswald, Deutschland
| | - Marcus Vollmer
- Institut für Bioinformatik, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Greifswald, Deutschland
| | - Klaus Hahnenkamp
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Anästhesie, Intensiv‑, Notfall- und Schmerzmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475, Greifswald, Deutschland
| | - Camilla Metelmann
- Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Anästhesie, Intensiv‑, Notfall- und Schmerzmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, 17475, Greifswald, Deutschland
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Brooks SC, Clegg GR, Bray J, Deakin CD, Perkins GD, Ringh M, Smith CM, Link MS, Merchant RM, Pezo-Morales J, Parr M, Morrison LJ, Wang TL, Koster RW, Ong MEH. Optimizing outcomes after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest with innovative approaches to public-access defibrillation: A scientific statement from the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation. Resuscitation 2022; 172:204-228. [PMID: 35181376 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.11.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is a global public health issue experienced by ≈3.8 million people annually. Only 8% to 12% survive to hospital discharge. Early defibrillation of shockable rhythms is associated with improved survival, but ensuring timely access to defibrillators has been a significant challenge. To date, the development of public-access defibrillation programs, involving the deployment of automated external defibrillators into the public space, has been the main strategy to address this challenge. Public-access defibrillator programs have been associated with improved outcomes for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest; however, the devices are used in <3% of episodes of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. This scientific statement was commissioned by the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation with 3 objectives: (1) identify known barriers to public-access defibrillator use and early defibrillation, (2) discuss established and novel strategies to address those barriers, and (3) identify high-priority knowledge gaps for future research to address. The writing group undertook systematic searches of the literature to inform this statement. Innovative strategies were identified that relate to enhanced public outreach, behavior change approaches, optimization of static public-access defibrillator deployment and housing, evolved automated external defibrillator technology and functionality, improved integration of public-access defibrillation with existing emergency dispatch protocols, and exploration of novel automated external defibrillator delivery vectors. We provide evidence- and consensus-based policy suggestions to enhance public-access defibrillation and guidance for future research in this area.
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Jackson ME, Ludi EK, Reitz ACW, Moraes Dos Santos G, Helenowski IB, Quiroga LL, Foianini JE, Swaroop M. TRUE-Bolivia (Trauma Responders Unifying to Empower Communities Bolivia) in Santa Cruz, Bolivia. J Surg Res 2022; 273:1-8. [PMID: 34999516 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study is to assess the efficacy of the TRUE-Bolivia (Trauma Responders Unifying to Empower Communities Bolivia) trauma first responder course at improving participant confidence in first responder abilities and increasing knowledge of trauma response skills. METHODS Participants attended the 4-h TRUE-Bolivia course at the municipal department of urban transportation and universities and medical schools in Santa Cruz, Bolivia and completed a demographic survey and pre- and post-course knowledge assessments. All participants who attended the full course and completed both knowledge assessments were included in the study, with 453 people attending at least one portion of the course and 329 completing the full course and assessments. RESULTS A majority of participants were men, had completed high school or attended university, and worked or trained in the fields of transportation or medicine. Participant ratings of confidence on a 5-point Likert scale improved from a median of 3 (interquartile range [IQR] 2) before the course to 5 (IQR 1) after the course (P < 0.01). The median number of correct answers on the pre-course nine-question knowledge assessment was 3 (IQR 3), improving to 7 (IQR 3) on the post-course assessment (P < 0.01). All demographic groups demonstrated improvements in scores from the pre- to post-test. Female gender, higher education level, a background in medicine, and prior training in first aid were associated with higher pre- and post-test scores. CONCLUSIONS The TRUE-Bolivia course increased knowledge of first responder skills and improved confidence in these abilities in participants from a variety of backgrounds. Further study is needed to determine the long-term skill utilization by participants and the course's impact on local trauma morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan E Jackson
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Erica K Ludi
- Department of General Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mamta Swaroop
- Sadanah Trauma and Surgical Initiative, Chicago, Illinois
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Nord-Ljungquist H, Bohm K, Fridlund B, Elmqvist C, Engström Å. "Time that save lives" while waiting for ambulance in rural environments. Int Emerg Nurs 2021; 59:101100. [PMID: 34781156 DOI: 10.1016/j.ienj.2021.101100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM Firefighters perform first aid before the ambulance arrives in areas with a long response time in Sweden; this is called 'While Waiting for the Ambulance' (WWFA). The aim was to describe WWFA assignments in rural environments, focusing on frequency, event time, actions and survival >30 days after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) was performed. METHODS Retrospective descriptive and comparative design. RESULTS Firefighters in the northern part of Sweden were involved in 518 WWFA assignments between 2012 and 2016. From alarm call until ambulance dispatch, median time was 2:20 min; for firefighters, nearly four minutes. Median dispatch time at out-of-hospital cardiac arrests (OHCA) (n = 52) was 1:40 min for ambulance and three minutes for firefighters. Maximal dispatch time was nearly 10 min for ambulance and 44 min for firefighters. Firefighters arrived first at the scene, after 17 min' median, for 95 % of assignments, while the ambulance took nearly twice the amount of time. In OHCA situations, time for firefighters was over 19 min versus ambulance at nearly twice the time. CPR was terminated by ambulance staff at 83% (n = 43) of 52 when firefighters performed prolonged CPR. Return to spontaneous circulation after OHCA was 17%, and 9% were alive after >30 days. CONCLUSION The efficiency of incident time and utilisation rate for WWFA assignments can be increased for the benefit of affected persons, especially in OHCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Nord-Ljungquist
- Centre of Interprofessional Collaboration within Emergency Care (CICE), Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden; Division of Nursing and Medical Technology, Department of Health Science, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden.
| | - Katarina Bohm
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Clinical Science and Education, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Emergency Medicine, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Bengt Fridlund
- Centre of Interprofessional Collaboration within Emergency Care (CICE), Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden
| | - Carina Elmqvist
- Centre of Interprofessional Collaboration within Emergency Care (CICE), Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden; Head of Research in County Council Kronoberg and Research Manager for the Centre of Interprofessional Collaboration within Emergency Care (CICE) at the Department of Health and Caring Science, Linnaeus University, Sweden.
| | - Åsa Engström
- Division of Nursing and Medical Technology, Department of Health Science, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå, Sweden.
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Wyckoff MH, Singletary EM, Soar J, Olasveengen TM, Greif R, Liley HG, Zideman D, Bhanji F, Andersen LW, Avis SR, Aziz K, Bendall JC, Berry DC, Borra V, Böttiger BW, Bradley R, Bray JE, Breckwoldt J, Carlson JN, Cassan P, Castrén M, Chang WT, Charlton NP, Cheng A, Chung SP, Considine J, Costa-Nobre DT, Couper K, Dainty KN, Davis PG, de Almeida MF, de Caen AR, de Paiva EF, Deakin CD, Djärv T, Douma MJ, Drennan IR, Duff JP, Eastwood KJ, Epstein JL, Escalante R, Fabres JG, Fawke J, Finn JC, Foglia EE, Folke F, Freeman K, Gilfoyle E, Goolsby CA, Grove A, Guinsburg R, Hatanaka T, Hazinski MF, Heriot GS, Hirsch KG, Holmberg MJ, Hosono S, Hsieh MJ, Hung KKC, Hsu CH, Ikeyama T, Isayama T, Kapadia VS, Kawakami M, Kim HS, Kloeck DA, Kudenchuk PJ, Lagina AT, Lauridsen KG, Lavonas EJ, Lockey AS, Malta Hansen C, Markenson D, Matsuyama T, McKinlay CJD, Mehrabian A, Merchant RM, Meyran D, Morley PT, Morrison LJ, Nation KJ, Nemeth M, Neumar RW, Nicholson T, Niermeyer S, Nikolaou N, Nishiyama C, O'Neil BJ, Orkin AM, Osemeke O, Parr MJ, Patocka C, Pellegrino JL, Perkins GD, Perlman JM, Rabi Y, Reynolds JC, Ristagno G, Roehr CC, Sakamoto T, Sandroni C, Sawyer T, Schmölzer GM, Schnaubelt S, Semeraro F, Skrifvars MB, Smith CM, Smyth MA, Soll RF, Sugiura T, Taylor-Phillips S, Trevisanuto D, Vaillancourt C, Wang TL, Weiner GM, Welsford M, Wigginton J, Wyllie JP, Yeung J, Nolan JP, Berg KM. 2021 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations. Resuscitation 2021; 169:229-311. [PMID: 34933747 PMCID: PMC8581280 DOI: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation initiated a continuous review of new, peer-reviewed published cardiopulmonary resuscitation science. This is the fifth annual summary of the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation and Emergency Cardiovascular Care Science With Treatment Recommendations; a more comprehensive review was done in 2020. This latest summary addresses the most recently published resuscitation evidence reviewed by International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation task force science experts. Topics covered by systematic reviews in this summary include resuscitation topics of video-based dispatch systems; head-up cardiopulmonary resuscitation; early coronary angiography after return of spontaneous circulation; cardiopulmonary resuscitation in the prone patient; cord management at birth for preterm and term infants; devices for administering positive-pressure ventilation at birth; family presence during neonatal resuscitation; self-directed, digitally based basic life support education and training in adults and children; coronavirus disease 2019 infection risk to rescuers from patients in cardiac arrest; and first aid topics, including cooling with water for thermal burns, oral rehydration for exertional dehydration, pediatric tourniquet use, and methods of tick removal. Members from 6 International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation task forces have assessed, discussed, and debated the quality of the evidence, according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation criteria, and their statements include consensus treatment recommendations or good practice statements. Insights into the deliberations of the task forces are provided in Justification and Evidence-to-Decision Framework Highlights sections. In addition, the task forces listed priority knowledge gaps for further research.
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Workneh BS, Mekonen EG, Ali MS. Determinants of knowledge, attitude, and practice towards first aid among kindergarten and elementary school teachers in Gondar city, Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Emerg Med 2021; 21:73. [PMID: 34154534 PMCID: PMC8215869 DOI: 10.1186/s12873-021-00468-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Injuries continue to be an important cause of morbidity and mortality in the developed and developing world. School-age children are more likely to experience unintentional injuries in the school, while they are playing and teachers are the primarily responsible body for keeping the welfare of the students. Knowing the knowledge, attitude, and practice of kindergarten and elementary school teachers towards first aid will be used as an input for policymakers to intervene and provide training. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess knowledge, attitude, practice, and associated factors towards first aid among kindergarten and elementary school teachers in Gondar city, Northwest Ethiopia, 2021. Methods An institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January 01 to 20, 2021. A simple random sampling technique was employed to recruit 346 participants. A structured pretested self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were entered in Epi-info version 7, analyzed using SPSS version 21, and presented by frequencies, percentages, tables, and graphs. Bivariable relationships between the independent and outcome variable were investigated using a binary logistic regression model and a multivariable analysis was run to control potential confounding factors. Variables with a p-value < 0.05 were considered as factors significantly associated and the strength of association was determined using an odds ratio with a 95% CI. Results Only 41.1% of the teachers had good knowledge of first aid. Nearly two-thirds (64.8%) of the teachers had a favorable attitude towards first aid. The majority (85.8%) of the teachers who faced a child in need of first aid in their school gave first aid. Factors like working experience [AOR: 2.45; 95% CI (1.26, 4.73)], school level [AOR: 4.72; 95% CI (1.96, 11.4)], school type [AOR: 4.23; 95% CI (2.07, 8.64)], and having information about first aid [AOR: 2.09; 95% CI (1.11, 3.92)] were significantly associated with knowledge. School-level [AOR = 5.4, 95% CI (2.18–11.67)], school type [AOR = 0.45, 95% CI (0.21–0.94)], and working experience [AOR = 0.33, 95% CI (0.13–0.86)] were the factors significantly associated with attitude. Conclusion Less than half and nearly two-thirds of the teachers had good knowledge and a favorable attitude towards first aid. The majority of the teachers who encountered a child in need of first aid gave first aid. Having higher working experience, working in elementary and private schools, and having previous information increases the odds of having good knowledge. Teachers who work in elementary and private schools and have the lower working experience had higher odds of favorable attitude towards first aid. It is better to give attention to the training of staff on first aid specifically for teachers working in kindergarten and governmental schools and new employees and consider integrating first aid in teachers’ training curriculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belayneh Shetie Workneh
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Enyew Getaneh Mekonen
- Department of Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia.
| | - Mohammed Seid Ali
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, School of Nursing, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Nguyen ATM, Chamberlain K, Holland AJA. Paediatric chemical burns: a clinical review. Eur J Pediatr 2021; 180:1359-69. [PMID: 33403450 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-020-03905-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Although they account for a small proportion of burns in paediatrics, injuries from chemicals can be just as devastating as other mechanisms of burn injury. At least 25,000 chemicals exist which can cause burns: in children, they are often caused by household chemicals via accidental exposure. The mechanism by which corrosive substances produce chemical burns highlights the importance of early and plentiful irrigation of the burn area, removal of contaminated clothes and careful clinical assessment. Surgical intervention is uncommon but often follows the principles for thermal burns. This article reviews the aetiology, incidence, clinical presentation, management, complications and prevention of chemical burns. What is Known • Chemical burns in paediatrics are often caused by accidental exposure to chemicals available at home • Differences in the pathophysiology of chemical burns reinforces the need for early irrigation What is New • New irrigation fluids show promise in adults and need further study in children • The nature of chemical cutaneous burns can make assessment of wound depth difficult. Laser Doppler Imaging (LDI) is an accurate technique that can be used clinically to determine burn depth in thermal burns and is an area of future interest in the assessment of chemical burns.
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Sowerby L, Rajakumar C, Davis M, Rotenberg B. Epistaxis first-aid management: a needs assessment among healthcare providers. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2021; 50:7. [PMID: 33573695 PMCID: PMC7879664 DOI: 10.1186/s40463-020-00485-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To perform a needs assessment of epistaxis first-aid measures practiced by family physicians and Emergency Department (ED) staff in London, Ontario, Canada. Methods Paper-based multiple-choice questionnaires were distributed to participants. Participant recruitment was conducted in two parts: 1) 28 Emergency Medicine (EM) attending physicians, 21 resident physicians training in the ED, and 26 ED nurses were surveyed while on duty in the ED; 2) 27 family physicians providing walk-in or urgent care and attending a continuing medical education (CME) event were also surveyed. Respondents were asked to identify where to apply compression to the nose and how patients should be positioned during acute epistaxis. Results Regarding where to apply compression, 19% of family physicians, 43% of EM physicians, 24% of residents, and 8% of ED nurses responded correctly. Regarding positioning, all groups responded similarly with 54–62% responding correctly. Twenty-one percent of emergency physicians, 19% of residents, 11% of family physicians, and 4% of nurses responded correctly to both questions. Conclusions Most family physicians, EM attending physicians, ED nurses, and residents could not correctly identify basic first-aid measures for acute epistaxis. This study identifies an area where knowledge is lacking and the potential for improvement in patient management and education. Grapical Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Leigh Sowerby
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, St. Joseph's Healthcare, 268 Grosvenor Street, London, ON, N6A 4V2, Canada.
| | - Chandheeb Rajakumar
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Matthew Davis
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Department of Medicine, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Brian Rotenberg
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head & Neck Surgery, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, Western University, St. Joseph's Healthcare, 268 Grosvenor Street, London, ON, N6A 4V2, Canada
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López-González Á, Rabanales-Sotos J, Guerrero-Agenjo CM, López-Tendero J, López-Torres Hidalgo J, Guisado-Requena IM. Analysis of compliance of the criteria recommended by the European resucitation council in first aid books published in Spanish. Int Emerg Nurs 2021; 55:100958. [PMID: 33545612 DOI: 10.1016/j.ienj.2020.100958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Analyse the compliance of criteria recommended by the European Resuscitation Council (ERC) in the layperson First Aid (FA) and Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) books published in Spanish. METHODS A review of FA literature published in Spain, carried out through a systematic literature search procedure. We drew up a checklist with clarifications, based on different responses to twenty categories published in November 2015 by the ERC. The validity of the questions was analysed using the Fleiss' Kappa measure of inter-rater reliability, with a value >0.7 being deemed valid and questions displaying the lowest level of agreement being excluded. RESULTS Eight texts obtained from the limited search of materials published between 2016-2020 in the ISBN 13 database were analysed. Evaluation of eight texts ranging from 47 to 328 pages in length showed that only three included the upgraded 2015 CPR recommendations. Twenty categories/items were analysed, after exclusion of categories/items that displayed a low consistency. None of the handbooks was in total compliance with the new CPR recommendations, and only one included 70% of the recommendations. Seven categories were included in more than 50% of the texts, and nine categories were not included in any of them. CONCLUSIONS There is a gap between the 2015 CPR recommendations and those published in Spanish FA handbooks. The ERC Guidelines should serve to standardise FA and CPR training materials. Systematic analysis of compliance with scientific societies' recommendations for FA handbooks enables detection of guidelines and patterns that need to be updated and adapted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel López-González
- Group of Preventive Activities in the University Field of Health sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha (Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha/UCLM), Spain; Albacete Faculty of Nursing, University of Castilla-La Mancha (Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha/UCLM), Spain
| | - Joseba Rabanales-Sotos
- Group of Preventive Activities in the University Field of Health sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha (Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha/UCLM), Spain; Albacete Faculty of Nursing, University of Castilla-La Mancha (Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha/UCLM), Spain.
| | | | | | - Jesús López-Torres Hidalgo
- Group of Preventive Activities in the University Field of Health sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha (Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha/UCLM), Spain; Albacete Zone VIII Health Centre and Faculty of Medicine, University of Castilla-La Mancha (Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha/UCLM), Spain
| | - Isabel Mª Guisado-Requena
- Group of Preventive Activities in the University Field of Health sciences, University of Castilla-La Mancha (Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha/UCLM), Spain; Albacete Faculty of Nursing, University of Castilla-La Mancha (Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha/UCLM), Spain
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Felzen M, Schröder H, Beckers SK, Böttiger BW, Rott N, Koch-Schultze R, Wingen S, Meißner A, Santowski I, Picker O, Rahe-Meyer N, Dumcke R, Wegner C, van Aken H, Gottschalk A, Weber O, Rossaint R. [Evaluation of the project for the introduction of bystander resuscitation in schools in North Rhine-Westphalia]. Anaesthesist 2021; 70:383-91. [PMID: 33244640 DOI: 10.1007/s00101-020-00889-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Teaching of resuscitation measures is not mandatory in all schools in Germany. It is currently limited to individual, partly mandatory projects despite a low bystander resuscitation rate. For this reason, the Ministry for Schools and Education of North Rhine-Westphalia initiated the project "Bystander resuscitation at schools in NRW" in March 2017. OBJECTIVE The aim of this work was to evaluate this project. MATERIAL AND METHODS All secondary schools in North Rhine-Westphalia were invited to participate in the project. Medical partners from each administrative district took part, who carried out resuscitation training with existing concepts for teacher or student training. After a 3-year period, the evaluation was carried out using standardized questionnaires for school headmasters, teachers and students. RESULTS In total, more than 40,000 pupils from 249 schools in NRW could be trained in resuscitation within the project with 6 different concepts. Of the students 85% answered the questions regarding resuscitation correctly and overall felt safe in resuscitation measures. The one-off investment requirement for all schools is roughly 4-6.5 million € and around 340,000 € in each budget year. CONCLUSION A legal constitution and funding are necessary for a nationwide introduction of resuscitation in schools. All established concepts are effective, therefore each school can use them exactly according to their needs, optimally in a stepped form. Training for teachers should focus on resuscitation.
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Singaravelu KP, Pandit VR, Chinnakali P, Bammigatti C. Pre-hospital care and its association with clinical outcome of snakebite victims presenting at a tertiary care referral hospital in South India. Trop Doct 2020; 51:77-80. [PMID: 33106110 DOI: 10.1177/0049475520966958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Most snakebite victims in low- and middle-income countries continue to seek many forms of first aid therapy before reaching hospital, the commonest being the application of a tourniquet. Our study looked at a prospective cohort of 382 such patients to ascertain the association of pre-hospital care with clinical outcome, and found that 60% developed complications as compared to 36% who had no pre-hospital care (p < 0.001), with 10 fatalities in the former compared to only one in the latter. Pre-hospital care remains very common and definitely increases morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnan P Singaravelu
- Senior Medical Officer, Department of Emergency Medicine & Trauma, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Vinay R Pandit
- Professor, Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India
| | - Palanivel Chinnakali
- Additional Professor, Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
| | - Chanaveerappa Bammigatti
- Additional Professor, Department of Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research (JIPMER), Puducherry, India
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Blake DF, Crowe M, Lindsay D, Brouff A, Mitchell SJ, Leggat PA, Pollock NW. Comparison of tissue oxygenation achieved breathing oxygen using different delivery devices and flow rates. Diving Hyperb Med 2020; 50:34-42. [PMID: 32187616 DOI: 10.28920/dhm50.1.34-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Divers with suspected decompression illness require high concentration oxygen (O₂). There are many different O₂ delivery devices, with few data comparing their performance. This study evaluated O₂ delivery, using tissue O₂ partial pressure (PtcO₂), in healthy divers breathing O₂ via three different delivery devices. METHODS Twelve divers had PtcO₂ measured at six limb sites. Participants breathed O₂ from: a demand valve using an intraoral mask with a nose clip (NC); a medical O₂ rebreathing system (MORS) with an oronasal mask and with an intraoral mask; and a non-rebreather mask (NRB) at 15 or 10 L·min⁻¹ O₂ flow. In-line inspired O₂ FIO₂) and nasopharyngeal FIO₂ were measured. Participants provided subjective ratings of device comfort, ease of breathing, and overall ease of use. RESULTS PtcO₂ values and nasopharyngeal FIO₂ were similar with the demand valve with intraoral mask, MORS with both masks and the NRB at 15 L·min⁻¹. PtcO₂ and nasopharyngeal FIO₂ values were significantly lower with the NRB at 10 L·min⁻¹. The NRB was rated as the most comfortable to wear, easiest to breathe with, and overall the easiest to use. CONCLUSION Of the commonly available devices promoted for O₂ delivery to injured divers, similar PtcO₂ and nasopharyngeal FIO₂ values were obtained with the three devices tested: MORS with an oronasal or intraoral mask, demand valve with an intraoral mask and NRB at a flow rate of 15 L·min⁻¹. PtcO₂ and nasopharyngeal FIO₂ values were significantly lower when the flow rate using the NRB was decreased to 10 L·min⁻¹.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise F Blake
- Emergency Department, The Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.,Marine Biology and Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.,Corresponding author: Dr Denise Blake, IMB 23, Emergency Department, The Townsville Hospital, 100 Angus Smith Drive, Douglas, Queensland Australia, 4814,
| | - Melissa Crowe
- Sport and Exercise Science, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniel Lindsay
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Annie Brouff
- Hyperbaric Medicine Unit, The Townsville Hospital, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Simon J Mitchell
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Department of Anaesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Peter A Leggat
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Neal W Pollock
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.,Service de médecine hyperbare, Centre de médecine de plongée du Québec, Levis, Québec, Canada
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47
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Karaca A, Kose S. The effect of knowledge levels of individuals receiving basic first aid training in Turkey on the applications of first aid. Niger J Clin Pract 2020; 23:1449-1455. [PMID: 33047705 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_686_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the knowledge level of individuals who attended a first aid training update program, and to determine the factors affecting their approaches in such cases. Methods This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. The sample of the research consists of 747 individuals (laypersons) who applied to the first aid training update organized in an institution in Istanbul providing health education between 01.02.2018 and 01.08.2018, and who agreed to participate in the research. These first aid trainings are provided by healthcare professionals who have first aid certificate of authority within the scope of first aid regulation. Data were collected using the "Participant Information Form" and the "Basic First Aid Knowledge Level Evaluation Form". Results The participants administered first aid within the three years of time following their basic first aid training course (24.6%). They administered first aid primarily in emergency cases of fainting (29.6%) and the majority of them (95.7%) did not perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation during their basic first aid effort. Of the participants, 73.9% answered incorrectly the question: "The letter 'A' in the abbreviation ABC of basic life support administration stands for airway". In our study, it was also found that there was a significant relationship between the total knowledge score and the number of trainings update and first aid intervention in the last three years (P < 0.05, P < 0.001, respectively). Conclusions It was determined that individuals had a high level of knowledge about basic first aid and one-quarter of the participants had administered first aid in the last three years. In order for individuals not to lose their knowledge and skills gained through first aid training; updating training and providing first aid training programs to individuals in society can be a guide for bystanders who provide faster and sufficient first aid in cases of emergency.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Karaca
- Department of Nursing, Biruni University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - S Kose
- Department of Nursing, Biruni University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
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Dias TKC, Vaz EMC, de Araújo AA, Collet N, Guedes ATA, da Silva Bezerra IC, de Vasconcellos Cruz TMA, da Silva Reichert AP. First aid intervention with mothers/caregivers of children affected by the Zika virus in Brazil. Appl Nurs Res 2020; 57:151355. [PMID: 32907768 DOI: 10.1016/j.apnr.2020.151355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with microcephaly associated with the Zika virus are more likely to develop choking and apnea, so it is necessary that mothers of this population receive first aid training to cope with emergency situations that their children may experience. OBJECTIVE To understand how an educational first aid intervention with mothers/caregivers of Brazilian children with congenital Zika virus syndrome impacts their management of seizures and choking. METHOD A qualitative study conducted in a philanthropic institution with ten mothers/caregivers of children with congenital Zika virus syndrome. Data were collected between August and November 2018 through four focus groups with two meetings for intervention/educational workshops in first aid on situations of choking and seizure. After one month, two more meetings were held to evaluate the effectiveness of this action performed at home. The empirical material was submitted to Content Analysis, and discussed in the light of Paulo Freire's Pedagogy of Autonomy. RESULTS The mothers/caregivers performed ineffective and harmful behaviors to the children in situations of choking and seizure before the intervention. Thus, the intervention empowered these caregivers through an exchange of experiences which began to present discernment, autonomy, resolving capacity and confidence to act in these experienced situations. They also became knowledge disseminators for family members and neighbors. CONCLUSION The educational intervention can have satisfactory results in training mothers/caregivers in first aid, highlighting the importance of this initiative to reduce the morbidity and mortality of children who experience choking and seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayanne Kiev Carvalho Dias
- Graduate Program in Nursing at the Health Sciences Center (Centro de Ciências da Saúde-CCS) of UFPB, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Elenice Maria Cecchetti Vaz
- Department of Public Health and Psychiatric Nursing at the Federal University of Paraíba (Universidade Federal da Paraíba-UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Angela Amorim de Araújo
- Health Technical School at the Federal University of Paraíba (Universidade Federal da Paraíba-UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Neusa Collet
- Department of Public Health and Psychiatric Nursing and the Graduate Program in Nursing at the Federal University of Paraíba (Universidade Federal da Paraíba-UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Anna Tereza Alves Guedes
- Graduate Program in Nursing at the Health Sciences Center (Centro de Ciências da Saúde-CCS) of UFPB, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil.
| | | | | | - Altamira Pereira da Silva Reichert
- Department of Public Health and Psychiatric Nursing and the Graduate Program in Nursing at the Federal University of Paraíba (Universidade Federal da Paraíba-UFPB), João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil
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49
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Rossetto A, Morgan AJ, Hart LM, Kelly CM, Jorm AF. Frequency and quality of first aid offered by older adolescents: a cluster randomised crossover trial of school-based first aid courses. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9782. [PMID: 32874786 PMCID: PMC7439956 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Research indicates that school-based first aid programmes appear to improve students’ knowledge and skills. However, evidence for their effectiveness is limited by a lack of rigorously designed studies. This research used a cluster randomised crossover trial to assess the effects of two different types of first aid training on the frequency and appropriateness of older adolescents’ first aid behaviours towards their peers 12 months after training. Methods Schools eligible to participate were government funded and able to accommodate first aid training and survey time for two consecutive Year 10 student cohorts. Four Australian public schools were matched in two pairs and randomly assigned to receive either physical first aid (PFA) or teen mental health first aid (tMHFA) training for their Year 10 student cohort (mean age 16 years). In the second year, the new Year 10 cohort received the other intervention. Four cohorts were randomised to receive PFA and four were randomised to receive tMHFA. Online surveys were administered at baseline and 12 months after training, measuring whether students had encountered a peer needing PFA, whether they had provided PFA, what actions they performed and, if applicable, why they had been unable to help the person. Only research staff analysing the data could be blinded to measurement occasion, school identity and condition. Results Four cohorts received PFA and four received tMHFA. The results indicated that there were no differences between groups regarding the frequency of appropriate first aid actions performed 12 months after training. The most common types of PFA provided to a peer were sending for help and wound care. Students most commonly mentioned someone else attending to their peer or lacking skills or experience as reasons for not performing PFA actions. Conclusions More research that examines first aid behaviours using rigorous, longitudinal study designs is needed to establish the effectiveness of school-based first aid training for older adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssia Rossetto
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Mental Health First Aid Australia, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Amy J Morgan
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Laura M Hart
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Claire M Kelly
- Mental Health First Aid Australia, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anthony F Jorm
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Mental Health First Aid Australia, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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50
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AlQahtani MA, Alfadhel SF, Aljehani RH, Bakri KA, Ahmed ZF, Elemem MO, Alrouh SM, Baker LW, Khalifa A. Knowledge of first aid skills among medical and nonmedical students in Saudi Arabia. J Family Med Prim Care 2020; 9:202-205. [PMID: 32110591 PMCID: PMC7014910 DOI: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_928_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: First aid is the first treatment a health care worker provides at the site of an accident to a patient who is injured or very sick before the ambulance arrives. First aid providers are those who have the skill and knowledge to deal with life-threatening conditions outside the facilitated environment of a hospital. This study aims to assess the knowledge of first aid among university students in Saudi Arabia. Methodology: An observational descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted from 17 August 2018 until 2 February 2019 on Saudi universities' students, including medical and nonmedical students and excluding postgraduate. The sample size was 384 students using a cluster sampling technique. The questionnaire was developed specifically for the purpose of this study after searching the literature and consulting an epidemiologist. It contains questions that assess the level of knowledge regarding first aid. It was subjected to a prop to test for validity and liability. Data were analyzed using (SPSS, version 22.0) and (P values of ≤ 0.05) considered significant. The consent was obtained before data collection. Result: Only 40.35% (157/389) of the total participants had basic life support (BLS) course in their college syllabus. Good knowledge was generally observed in both medical (61.2%) and nonmedical (53.2%) student participants. Medical students' knowledge regarding first aid was better than nonmedical students in all questions, whereas the results were not statistically significant. Conclusion: Medical students were more familiar with the knowledge of first aid than other colleges' students. Researches should investigate the willingness of medical students to apply their first aid knowledge when necessary using a health belief model.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shoog F Alfadhel
- Medical Intern, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences KSAU-HS, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Khalid A Bakri
- Medical Student of King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zaina F Ahmed
- Medical Student of AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maryam O Elemem
- Medical Student of AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salwa M Alrouh
- Medical Student of AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lubna W Baker
- Medical Student of AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ammar Khalifa
- Assistant Professor, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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