[Tuberculous tenosynovitis: an uncommon manifestation]

Hydrogen Sulfide Attenuates β2-Microglobulin-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction: Involving Recovery of Hippocampal Autophagic Flux

Background and Aim

Accumulation of β₂-microglobulin (B2M), a systemic pro-aging factor, regulates negatively cognitive function. Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), a novel gas signaling molecule, exerts protection against cognitive dysfunction. Therefore, the present work was designed to explore whether H₂S attenuates cognitive dysfunction induced by B2M and the underlying mechanism.

Materials and Methods

The cognitive function of rats was assessed by Y-maze, Novel object recognition (NOR), and Morris water maze (MWM) tests. The levels of autophagosome and autolysosome in hippocampus were observed by transmission electron microscopy. The expression of p62 protein in hippocampus was detected by western blot analysis.

Results

NaHS (a donor of H₂S) significantly alleviated cognitive impairments in the B2M-exposed rats tested by Y-maze test, NOR test and MWM test. Furthermore, NaHS recovered autophagic flux in the hippocampus of B2M-exposed rats, as evidenced by decreases in the ratio of autophagosome to autolysosome and the expression of p62 protein in the hippocampus.

Conclusion

In summary, these data indicated that H₂S attenuates B2M-induced cognitive dysfunction, involving in recovery of the blocked autophagic flux in the hippocampus, and suggested that H₂S may be a novel approach to prevent B2M-induced cognitive dysfunction.

Dorsalis pedis psuedoaneurysm: A complication followed extensor tendoscopy of the ankle in a non-tuberculosis patient with tenosynovitis with rice body formation

Tenosynovitis with rice body formation is very rare in the ankle region. A case of this condition in a non-tuberculosis patient was presented. He was treated by extensor tendoscopy of the ankle. The tenosynovitis subsided after the procedure. However, it was complicated by formation of a dorsalis pedis pseudoaneurysm.

Tenosynovitis: a rare presentation of tuberculosis better known by hand surgeons than infectious diseases specialists

PURPOSE

Clinical presentation of tuberculosis is pleomorphic. Some forms are rare and better known by surgeons than infectious disease specialists.

METHODS

We describe a rare case of isolated chronic tenosynovitis of the wrist due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a 66-year-old man and review similar cases in the literature.

RESULTS

On literature search, only 23 other cases of tuberculous tenosynovitis were retrieved. Our case is similar, with an insidious classical presentation. The diagnosis was suggested at the surgical presentation by the presence of rice body masses.

CONCLUSION

The diagnosis of tuberculous tenosynovitis should be considered in chronic tenosynovitis. Functional prognosis may be committed without adequate treatment.

DISSEMINATED REFRACTARY TUBERCULOSIS WITH BICEPS TENDON INVOLVEMENT IN AN IMMUNOCOMPETENT PATIENT

OBJECTIVE

The authors report a rare case of disseminated tuberculosis which had compromised the long head of biceps tendon and shoulder joint, during standard drug therapy.

METHODS

On a first sight, the accurate diagnosis wasn't accomplished and the patient had been treated with physiotherapy for rotator cuff tear. However, the patient presented with a fast growing mass in anterior region of the proximal third of the arm, complaining of pain increase. Aspirative punction of the mass revealed a yellow fluid and the laboratorial analysis confirmed infection by M. Tuberculosis. The patient was treated with surgical debridement and his drug therapy was changed.

RESULTS

Resolution of infectious status and complete shoulder function restoration was succeeded.

CONCLUSION

Due to its high prevalence in Brazil, tuberculosis must always be considered as a possible cause of inflammatory joint disease, even in immunocompetent patients.