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Rasouli Kahaki Z, Choobineh A, Razeghi M, Karimi MT, Safarpour AR. Dynamic stability evaluation of trunk accelerations during walking in blind and sighted individuals. BMC Ophthalmol 2024; 24:127. [PMID: 38515065 PMCID: PMC10958951 DOI: 10.1186/s12886-024-03394-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dynamic stability is a fundamental goal in standing activities. In this regard, monitoring, analysis, and interventions made to improve stability is a research topic investigated in the biomechanics of human movements. Vision has a major role to play in controlling human movement. Nonetheless, little is known about the effects of visual deprivation, especially from birth on dynamic gait stability. METHODS The current study was conducted on 20 congenital blind and 10 sighted people (15-38 years). To evaluate the dynamic stability, descriptive data, harmonic ratio (HR), improved harmonic ratio (iHR), and root mean square (RMS), based on trunk acceleration data were measured in three axes: anteroposterior (AP), vertical (V), and mediolateral (ML) while participants walked an eight-meter straight path. RESULTS In the comparison of blind and sighted people (eyes open), standard deviation, HR, iHR, and RMS indices were found to be significantly different in both AP and V directions. All the mentioned parameters were significantly lower in blind than in sighted participants. In the comparison of blind people and sighted ones with closed eyes, changes were observed in the maximum, range, standard deviation, and RMS only in the AP axis. In the comparison between eyes open and closed in sighted people, a significant difference was found only in the harmonic ratio of the vertical axis. CONCLUSION Visual deprivation led to a decrease in dynamic stability parameters in the AP and V axes. Even the movement of sighted people in unchallenged conditions is dependent on visual information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab Rasouli Kahaki
- Student Research Committee, Department of Ergonomics, School of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Alireza Choobineh
- Research Center for Health Sciences, Institute of Health, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohsen Razeghi
- Department of physiotherapy, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Karimi
- Department of Orthotics and Prosthetics, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Ali Reza Safarpour
- Gastroenterohepatology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Rhiel S, Kläy A, Keller U, van Hedel HJA, Ammann-Reiffer C. Comparing Walking-Related Everyday Life Tasks of Children with Gait Disorders in a Virtual Reality Setup With a Physical Setup: Cross-Sectional Noninferiority Study. JMIR Serious Games 2024; 12:e49550. [PMID: 38498048 PMCID: PMC10985604 DOI: 10.2196/49550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A frequent rehabilitation goal for children with gait disorders is to practice daily-life walking activities. Unfortunately, these are often difficult to practice in a conventional therapeutic setting. Virtual reality (VR) with head-mounted displays (HMDs) could be a promising approach in neurorehabilitation to train such activities in a safe environment. First, however, we must know whether obstacles in VR are indeed mastered as obstacles. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to provide information on whether VR is feasible and motivating to induce and practice movements needed to master real obstacles in children and adolescents with gait disorders. Furthermore, this project aims to evaluate which kinds of everyday walking activities are appropriate to be practiced in VR. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, participants stepped over a bar, crossed a gap, balanced over a beam, and circumvented stationary obstructions arranged in a course under real physical and virtual conditions wearing a VR HMD. We recorded the respective primary outcomes (step height, step length, step width, and minimal shoulder-obstacle distance) with motion capture. We then calculated the mean differences and 95% CI of the spatiotemporal parameters between the VR and physical setup and later compared them using noninferiority analysis with margins defined a priori by a clinical expert panel. Additionally, the participants responded to a standardized questionnaire while the therapists observed and evaluated their movement performance. RESULTS We recruited 20 participants (mean age 12.0, range 6.6-17.8 years) with various diagnoses affecting their walking ability. At 3.77 (95% CI 1.28 to 6.26) cm, the mean difference in step height of the leading foot in the overstepping task did not exceed the predefined margin of -2 cm, thus signifying noninferiority of the VR condition compared to mastering the physical obstacles. The same was true for step length (-1.75, 95% CI -4.91 to 1.41 cm; margin -10 cm), step width (1.05, 95% CI 0.20 to -1.90 cm; margin 3 cm), and the minimal shoulder-obstacle distance (0.25, 95% CI -0.85 to 0.35 cm; margin -2 cm) in the other tasks. Only the trailing foot in the overstepping task yielded inconclusive results. CONCLUSIONS Children with gait disorders perform everyday walking tasks like overstepping, crossing, balancing, or circumventing similarly in physical and VR environments, suggesting that VR could be a feasible therapeutic tool to practice everyday walking tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Rhiel
- Swiss Children's Rehab, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Affoltern am Albis, Switzerland
- Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andrina Kläy
- Swiss Children's Rehab, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Affoltern am Albis, Switzerland
- Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Urs Keller
- Swiss Children's Rehab, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Affoltern am Albis, Switzerland
- Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hubertus J A van Hedel
- Swiss Children's Rehab, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Affoltern am Albis, Switzerland
- Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Corinne Ammann-Reiffer
- Swiss Children's Rehab, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Affoltern am Albis, Switzerland
- Children's Research Center, University Children's Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Senna I, Piller S, Martolini C, Cocchi E, Gori M, Ernst MO. Multisensory training improves the development of spatial cognition after sight restoration from congenital cataracts. iScience 2024; 27:109167. [PMID: 38414862 PMCID: PMC10897914 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Spatial cognition and mobility are typically impaired in congenitally blind individuals, as vision usually calibrates space perception by providing the most accurate distal spatial cues. We have previously shown that sight restoration from congenital bilateral cataracts guides the development of more accurate space perception, even when cataract removal occurs years after birth. However, late cataract-treated individuals do not usually reach the performance levels of the typically sighted population. Here, we developed a brief multisensory training that associated audiovisual feedback with body movements. Late cataract-treated participants quickly improved their space representation and mobility, performing as well as typically sighted controls in most tasks. Their improvement was comparable with that of a group of blind participants, who underwent training coupling their movements with auditory feedback alone. These findings suggest that spatial cognition can be enhanced by a training program that strengthens the association between bodily movements and their sensory feedback (either auditory or audiovisual).
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Senna
- Applied Cognitive Psychology, Faculty for Computer Science, Engineering, and Psychology, Ulm University, 89069 Ulm, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Liverpool Hope University, Liverpool L16 9JD, UK
| | - Sophia Piller
- Applied Cognitive Psychology, Faculty for Computer Science, Engineering, and Psychology, Ulm University, 89069 Ulm, Germany
| | - Chiara Martolini
- Unit for Visually Impaired People (U-VIP), Center for Human Technologies, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16152 Genova, Italy
| | - Elena Cocchi
- Istituto David Chiossone per Ciechi ed Ipovedenti ONLUS, 16145 Genova, Italy
| | - Monica Gori
- Unit for Visually Impaired People (U-VIP), Center for Human Technologies, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16152 Genova, Italy
| | - Marc O. Ernst
- Applied Cognitive Psychology, Faculty for Computer Science, Engineering, and Psychology, Ulm University, 89069 Ulm, Germany
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Marsico P, Meier L, van der Linden ML, Mercer TH, van Hedel HJA. Are tactile function and body awareness of the foot related to motor outcomes in children with upper motor neuron lesions? FRONTIERS IN REHABILITATION SCIENCES 2024; 5:1348327. [PMID: 38496778 PMCID: PMC10940356 DOI: 10.3389/fresc.2024.1348327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Somatosensory function can be reduced in children with Upper Motor Neuron (UMN) lesions. Therefore, we investigated relationships between somatosensory functions of the foot and motor outcomes in children with UMN lesions. Method In this cross-sectional study, we assessed the Tactile Threshold (TT) with monofilaments and body awareness with Tactile Localisation Tasks for spatial-related action (TLTaction) and structural-related perception (TLTperception) body representation at the foot sole. Furthermore, we assessed four motor outcomes: the Selective Control Assessment of the Lower Extremity (SCALE), the modified Timed Up and Go test (mTUG), the Gillette Functional Assessment Questionnaire (FAQ), and the Functional Mobility Scale (FMS). Spearman's correlations (ρ) were applied to assess relationships between the somatosensory function of the foot sole and the applied motor outcomes. Results Thirty-five children with UMN lesions, on average 11.7 ± 3.4 years old, participated. TLTperception correlated significantly with all lower limb motor outcomes (|ρ|=0.36-0.57; p < 0.05), but TLTaction (|ρ|=0.00-0.27; p = 0.15-0.97, and TT did not (|ρ|=0.01-0.83; p = 0.73-0.94). TLTperception correlated strongly with the Gross Motor Function Classification System (|ρ|=0.62; p = 0.001) in children with cerebral palsy (n = 24). Discussion Assessing structural body representation of the foot sole should be considered when addressing lower limb motor impairments, including gait, in children with upper motor neuron lesions. Our results suggest that the assessment of tactile function and spatial body representation may be less related to lower limb motor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Marsico
- Research Department, Swiss Children’s Rehab, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Affoltern am Albis, Switzerland
- Children’s Research Center CRC, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Centre for Health, Activity and Rehabilitation Research, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Lea Meier
- Research Department, Swiss Children’s Rehab, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Affoltern am Albis, Switzerland
- Children’s Research Center CRC, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas H. Mercer
- Centre for Health, Activity and Rehabilitation Research, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, Scotland
| | - Hubertus J. A. van Hedel
- Research Department, Swiss Children’s Rehab, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Affoltern am Albis, Switzerland
- Children’s Research Center CRC, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Centre for Health, Activity and Rehabilitation Research, Queen Margaret University, Edinburgh, Scotland
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Kadowaki H, Takeda T, Noto M, Mori M, Suzuki A, Ujima K, Nakamura T. Analysis of veering during gait in blind individuals. Gait Posture 2024; 109:183-188. [PMID: 38335771 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2024.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Veering occurs during blind walking, which causes individuals to deviate from crosswalks or fall off platforms. Despite being linked to static postural control, the relationship between veering and gait function (gait variability and plantar pressure), which is presumed to be related to dynamic postural control, has yet to be fully understood. RESEARCH QUESTION How do gait variability and plantar pressure affect veering? METHODS This experiment involved a walking task in which 11 blind adults were instructed to walk along a straight path using a white cane. We measured the veering values and analyzed the relationship between gait variability and plantar pressure. RESULTS One participant with a particularly severe veering tendency was excluded from the analysis. Based on the veering characteristics of the participants, the walking trajectories were classified as veering to the left (14 trials) or the right (14 trials) sides. Correlation analysis showed no significant correlation between the veering value and gait variability (vertical, lateral, and anterior-posterior). Plantar pressure (the ball of the fifth toe and the total) was significantly negatively correlate with the veering value. In contrast, the plantar pressure results for the participant who was excluded showed a different characteristic. SIGNIFICANCE We hypothesized that blind individuals would exhibit dynamic postural control to stay on a straight path by increasing the plantar pressure on the ball of the fifth toe and the total pressure on the opposite foot when veering occurs. However, this adaptation was not observed in a blind individual with severe veering tendencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Kadowaki
- Faculty of Education, Yamaguchi Gakugei University, Yamaguchi, Japan.
| | | | - Misako Noto
- Faculty of Human Sciences, Chikushi Jogakuen University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Akihiro Suzuki
- Department of Mechanical and Intelligent Systems Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Ichinoseki College, Ichinoseki, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Ujima
- Graduate School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakamura
- Faculty of Education, University of Teacher Education Fukuoka, Fukuoka, Japan
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Battistin T, Mercuriali E, Borghini C, Reffo ME, Suppiej A. Parental Satisfaction with the Quality of Care in an Early Intervention Service for Children with Visual Impairment: A Retrospective Longitudinal Study. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:230. [PMID: 38397342 PMCID: PMC10887141 DOI: 10.3390/children11020230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
The fundamental role of vision during development and the nurturing role of early intersubjectivity have enabled the Robert Hollman Foundation to develop an early intervention program providing holistic support to visually impaired children and their families, where fostering parent-infant interactions is at the heart of our care. The aim of this study is to understand how parents perceive this approach. It is an eleven-year retrospective study of children following the Robert Hollman Foundation's early intervention program, in which parents' (n = 1086) perceptions of quality of care were measured through the administration of a specifically designed 4-point scale questionnaire. Annual longitudinal trends of parents' perceptions were calculated for every single response. Parents reported a very high satisfaction value in 21/23 questions (Mean > 3.7 out of a maximum score of 4, with the highest scores in human and soft skills of professionals) with a statistically positive trend (p < 0.05), throughout the period considered. Our core approach, based on an individualized nurturing relational support, has been appreciated and confirmed by the high satisfaction reported in the questionnaires by parents of children with visual impairment. We therefore hypothesize that parent-infant relationship-based and individualized approaches may help parents achieve better health, well-being, and quality of daily life for their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Battistin
- Department of Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Robert Hollman Foundation, 35143 Padova, Italy; (E.M.); (M.E.R.); (A.S.)
- Robert Hollman Foundation, 28821 Cannero Riviera, Italy
| | - Elena Mercuriali
- Robert Hollman Foundation, 35143 Padova, Italy; (E.M.); (M.E.R.); (A.S.)
- Robert Hollman Foundation, 28821 Cannero Riviera, Italy
| | - Carlotta Borghini
- Unit of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Public Health, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, 35131 Padua, Italy;
| | - Maria Eleonora Reffo
- Robert Hollman Foundation, 35143 Padova, Italy; (E.M.); (M.E.R.); (A.S.)
- Robert Hollman Foundation, 28821 Cannero Riviera, Italy
| | - Agnese Suppiej
- Robert Hollman Foundation, 35143 Padova, Italy; (E.M.); (M.E.R.); (A.S.)
- Robert Hollman Foundation, 28821 Cannero Riviera, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Carretti G, Manetti M, Marini M. Physical activity and sport practice to improve balance control of visually impaired individuals: a narrative review with future perspectives. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1260942. [PMID: 37780118 PMCID: PMC10534048 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1260942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Visual disability negatively impacts balance, everyday self-efficacy, and mobility and often leads affected subjects to perceive physical exercise as a burdensome challenge thus discouraging them from practicing. Despite the well-proven benefits of regular physical activity in visually impaired people, especially addressing postural control, there are no specific guidelines and most of the available literature seems to be flawed by critical issues. Given the wide heterogeneity and the multidimensional needs of this population, a more realistic and target-specific perspective is needed in order to properly investigate and promote exercise practice and adherence for balance improvement. On this basis, through a critical overview of the recent literature, the present article aimed to enrich the current knowledge about this topic by providing innovative suggestions, both practical and methodological, and specifically deepening the disability-related deficits and peculiarities of different age ranges. Moreover, since a multidisciplinary approach is advisable when designing and leading exercise protocols tailored to visually impaired individuals, such innovative hints also highlighted the central role of the adapted physical activity specialist, hence contributing to foster its official professional recognition and involvement in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mirca Marini
- Section of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Ghasemi Fard F, Mirzaie H, Hosseini SA, Riazi A, Ebadi A. Vision-related tasks in children with visual impairment: a multi-method study. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1180669. [PMID: 37519380 PMCID: PMC10374319 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1180669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Functional Vision (FV) is vital for the successful growth of children with visual impairment. However, tasks related to measuring FV have not been thoroughly studied for this population. To address this gap, this study seeks to establish a comprehensive set of vision-related tasks that consider both the difficulty levels of activities and the ages of children with visual impairment. Methods This study utilized a sequential multi-method design, including a scoping review, a qualitative content analysis, and a focus group. Firstly, a scoping review was conducted to identify vision-related tasks based on the literature. Then, to contextualize the vision-related tasks, a qualitative content analysis was carried out. Subsequently, a focus group was conducted to categorize the identified tasks based on their difficulty levels and the children's level of dependency. We utilized the directed content analysis method to analyze the data, using the occupational domain of the Occupational Therapy Practice Framework 4th edition (OTPF-4) as the primary framework. Results During the review phase, which included 22 studies, and the interview phase, which involved 16 participants, a total of 95 and 85 vision-related tasks were identified, respectively. These tasks were then categorized into 17 activities and five occupations, which included activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), education, play, and participation in social activities. Among these occupations, ADL was the easiest, while participation in social activities was the most challenging. Finally, the tasks were arranged based on their difficulty level for children with visual impairment. Conclusion A comprehensive list of vision-related tasks has been developed based on the difficulty level of the tasks and the degree of dependency of children with visual impairment. This list can be used to develop standardized instruments for assessing FV in children with visual impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Ghasemi Fard
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hooshang Mirzaie
- Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Hosseini
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Riazi
- Department of Optometry, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran university of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Ebadi
- Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Life style institute, Nursing Faculty, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Shoja O, Shojaei M, Hassanlouei H, Towhidkhah F, Amiri M, Boroomand H, Rahimi N, Zhang L. Lack of visual information alters lower limb motor coordination to control center of mass trajectory during walking. J Biomech 2023; 155:111650. [PMID: 37245385 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2023.111650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Vision, as queen of the senses, plays a critical role in guiding locomotion. Little is known about the effects of vision on gait coordination in terms of variability. The uncontrolled manifold (UCM) approach offers a window to the structure of motor variability that has been difficult to obtain from the traditional correlation analysis. In this study, we used the UCM analysis to quantify how the lower limb motion is coordinated to control the center of mass (COM) while walking under different visual conditions. We also probed how synergy strength evolved along the stance phase. Ten healthy participants walked on the treadmill with and without visual information. Leg joint angle variance with respect to the whole-body COM was partitioned into good (i.e., the one that kept the COM) and bad (i.e., the one that changed the COM) variances. We observed that after vision was eliminated, both variances increased throughout the stance phase while the strength of the synergy (the normalized difference between the two variances) decreased significantly and even reduced to zero at heel contact. Thus, walking with restricted vision alters the strength of the kinematic synergy to control COM in the plane of progression. We also found that the strength of this synergy varied across different walking phases and gait events in both visual conditions. We concluded that the UCM analysis can quantify altered coordination of COM when vision is blocked and sheds insights on the role of vision in the synergistic control of locomotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Otella Shoja
- Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Neuroscience, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Masoumeh Shojaei
- Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Sport Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidollah Hassanlouei
- Department of Motor Behavior, Faculty of Sport Sciences and Health, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Towhidkhah
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Amiri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hesam Boroomand
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Rahimi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute for Neural Computation, Ruhr University Bochum, Germany
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Galli J, Loi E, Dusi L, Pasini N, Rossi A, Scaglioni V, Mauri L, Fazzi E. Oculocutaneous albinism: the neurological, behavioral, and neuro-ophthalmological perspective. Eur J Pediatr 2023:10.1007/s00431-023-04938-w. [PMID: 37009951 PMCID: PMC10257606 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-04938-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
Oculocutaneous albinism (OCA) is a group of rare, genetic disorders caused by absent/reduced melanin biosynthesis. The aim of this study was to explore the neurovisual, cognitive, adaptive, and behavioral profile of children affected by OCA, also evaluating any possible effect of the visual acuity deficit on the clinical profile and genotype-phenotype correlations. Eighteen children (9 males, mean age 84 months ± 41; range 18-181 months) with a molecular confirmed diagnosis of OCA were enrolled in the study. We collected data on clinical history, neurodevelopmental profile, neurological and neurovisual examination, and cognitive, adaptive, and emotional/behavioral functioning. A global neurodevelopmental impairment was detected in 56% of the children, without evolving into an intellectual disability. All the patients showed signs and symptoms of visual impairment. Low adaptive functioning was observed in 3 cases (17%). A risk for internalizing behavioral problems was documented in 6 cases (33%), for externalizing problems in 2 (11%), and for both in 5 (28%). Twelve children (67%) showed one or more autistic-like features. Correlation analyses revealed significant associations between the visual acuity level and performance intelligence quotient (p = 0.001), processing speed index (p = 0.021), Vineland total score (p = 0.020), Vineland communication (p = 0.020), and socialization (p = 0.037) domains. No significant correlations were found between genotype and phenotype. CONCLUSION Children with OCA may present a global neurodevelopmental delay that seems to improve with age and emotional/behavioral difficulties, along with the well-known visual impairment. An early neuropsychiatric evaluation and habilitative training are recommended to improve vision-related performance, neurodevelopment, and any psychological difficulties. WHAT IS KNOWN • Children with oculocutaneous albinism show dermatological and ophthalmological problems. • An early visual impairment may have negative implications on motor, emotional, and cognitive processes that would allow the child to organize his or her experiences. WHAT IS NEW • In addition to a variable combination of ocular signs and symptoms, children with oculocutaneous albinism may present an early neurodevelopmental delay and emotional/behavioral difficulties. • An early visual treatment is recommended to improve vision-related performance, neurodevelopment, and any psychological difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Galli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Erika Loi
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Laura Dusi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Nadia Pasini
- Department of Neurological and Vision Sciences, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Rossi
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Vera Scaglioni
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Lucia Mauri
- Medical Genetics Unit, Department of Laboratory Medicine, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Fazzi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
- Unit of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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11
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Ambrose-Zaken G. A Study of Improving Independent Walking Outcomes in Children Who Are Blind or Have Low Vision Aged 5 Years and Younger. JOURNAL OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENT & BLINDNESS 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/0145482x221121824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Walking alone (without assistance) is considered by the World Health Organization as the terminal independent walking milestone, typically achieved by 18 months. Children born with severe visual impairment and blindness (visual impairments) do not achieve independent walking milestones on time. This study examined independent walking in 35 children with visual impairments (VIs) aged 14–69 months. Before treatment, they had limited to no anticipatory control. Wearing the pediatric belt cane (PBC) provided them with consistent, tactile anticipatory control. Thirty-five participants with VIs’ independent walking milestones were analyzed using pre- and post-video recordings provided weekly 1 month before and the 3 months after obtaining the PBC. The PBC consisted of a rectangular frame that connects to a custom-made belt with magnets. The PBC provided no weight support. While none of the participants had motor impairments, 80% of them were receiving physical therapy services prior to obtaining a PBC. Fifty-four percent were receiving orientation and mobility services, and half were equipped with hand-held mobility tools (long canes, adaptive mobility devices, push toys, and reverse walkers). A paired samples t-test indicated a significant difference between the before and with PBC scores ( N = 35, t = −13.0, df = 34, p = .000). Participants demonstrated significantly improved independent walking after wearing their PBC regularly over 3 months. Before PBC, the participants demonstrated delayed independent walking milestones. Most participants walked only with assistance. Those who walked independently experienced unavoidable bodily collisions and used a slow pace with poor gait patterns. After being provided PBCs, these same participants’ independent walking milestones improved, all but three were walking independently and five were observed independently running. Wearing their PBCs allowed them to perform motor skills, like running, often described as needing to be specifically taught to learners with VIs due to their inability to learn incidentally through visual observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Ambrose-Zaken
- Department of Special Education, Hunter College of The City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
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12
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Laatar R, Ben Waer F, Borji R, Rebai H, Sahli S. Cognitive-Motor Interference during Dual Tasks in Blind Children. J Mot Behav 2022; 54:736-743. [PMID: 35538018 DOI: 10.1080/00222895.2022.2074956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to compare the dual-task (DT) performance in blind children with sighted ones while concurrently performing a motor task (upright standing) with cognitive (Letter fluency (LF) or Category fluency (CF)) tasks. The Center of pressure mean velocity (CoPVm) and the cognitive performances were recorded during single (ST) and DT conditions. Results showed that, for both groups, CoPVm values increased significantly (p < 0.05) in the DT compared to ST condition. The CoPVm values were significantly (p < 0.001) higher in blind children, compared to controls only in the DT-CF condition. In conclusion, balance performance of blind and typically developed children is affected by dual tasking. Interference between motor and cognitive tasks has more pronounced effects on balance performance in blind children, compared to controls. This difference was observed only when performing the CF task concurrently with the postural balance task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabeb Laatar
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Fatma Ben Waer
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Rihab Borji
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Haithem Rebai
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Sonia Sahli
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricité, Sport et Santé, EM2S, LR19JS01, High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia
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13
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Webb AR. Neurodevelopmental Outcomes Associated With Intravitreal Bevacizumab Injections for Retinopathy of Prematurity. Adv Neonatal Care 2022; 22:154-160. [PMID: 33938477 DOI: 10.1097/anc.0000000000000881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is a common disorder among premature infants associated with significant morbidity. The current standard of care includes laser ablation therapy when needed. While intravitreal bevacizumab (IVB) injections have emerged as a new therapy for ROP, so have concerns about the systemic effects of the bevacizumab (Avastin), specifically on neurodevelopmental outcomes. PURPOSE To review the current literature on the impact of IVB on neurodevelopmental outcomes in neonates with ROP to inform nurses' knowledge and practice. METHODS A literature search was performed in the PubMed, CINAHL, and Embase databases. Eleven primary studies examining neurodevelopmental outcomes related to IVB were identified and reviewed. RESULTS Limitations of current studies, including small sample sizes, retrospective analysis subject to selection bias, and confounding factors such as sedation/anesthesia exposure, prevent robust conclusions from being drawn. However, there is not currently any clear evidence of negative neurodevelopmental impacts associated with IVB despite a sound theoretical basis for concern. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Nurses should include all known and potential risks and benefits when counseling families and developing individualized plans of care for their neonatal patients with ROP. IMPLICATIONS FOR RESEARCH Well-designed, prospective studies examining neurodevelopmental outcomes at later time points are needed to conclusively support or disprove results of IVB therapy for ROP in the context of potential adverse effects.
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Zarei H, Norasteh AA. Effects of exercise training programs on balance of blind children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2022; 30:187-195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2022.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Gori M, Campus C, Signorini S, Rivara E, Bremner AJ. Multisensory spatial perception in visually impaired infants. Curr Biol 2021; 31:5093-5101.e5. [PMID: 34555348 PMCID: PMC8612739 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Congenitally blind infants are not only deprived of visual input but also of visual influences on the intact senses. The important role that vision plays in the early development of multisensory spatial perception1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 (e.g., in crossmodal calibration8, 9, 10 and in the formation of multisensory spatial representations of the body and the world1,2) raises the possibility that impairments in spatial perception are at the heart of the wide range of difficulties that visually impaired infants show across spatial,8, 9, 10, 11, 12 motor,13, 14, 15, 16, 17 and social domains.8,18,19 But investigations of early development are needed to clarify how visually impaired infants’ spatial hearing and touch support their emerging ability to make sense of their body and the outside world. We compared sighted (S) and severely visually impaired (SVI) infants’ responses to auditory and tactile stimuli presented on their hands. No statistically reliable differences in the direction or latency of responses to auditory stimuli emerged, but significant group differences emerged in responses to tactile and audiotactile stimuli. The visually impaired infants showed attenuated audiotactile spatial integration and interference, weighted more tactile than auditory cues when the two were presented in conflict, and showed a more limited influence of representations of the external layout of the body on tactile spatial perception.20 These findings uncover a distinct phenotype of multisensory spatial perception in early postnatal visual deprivation. Importantly, evidence of audiotactile spatial integration in visually impaired infants, albeit to a lesser degree than in sighted infants, signals the potential of multisensory rehabilitation methods in early development. Video abstract
Visually impaired infants have a distinct phenotype of audiotactile perception Infants with severe visual impairment (SVI) place more weight on tactile locations SVI infants show attenuated audiotactile spatial integration and interference SVI infants do not show an influence of body representations on tactile space
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Gori
- Unit for Visually Impaired People, Istituto Italiano di Technologia, 16152 Genova, Italy.
| | - Claudio Campus
- Unit for Visually Impaired People, Istituto Italiano di Technologia, 16152 Genova, Italy
| | - Sabrina Signorini
- Centre of Child Neurophthalmology, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Andrew J Bremner
- School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2SB, UK
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16
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Baguhn S. Early Intervention Orientation and Mobility: A Delphi Study of the Content of the Birth to 6 Orientation and Mobility Skills Inventory (B6OMSI). JOURNAL OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENT & BLINDNESS 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/0145482x211047626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The objective of this research was to identify the appropriate content for an orientation and mobility (O&M) assessment for young children. It is necessary to have a reliable and valid assessment tool to evaluate whether young children are making adequate gains in response to early intervention efforts in O&M. Very little literature exists on the O&M needs of children aged birth to 6 years because of the roots in adult rehabilitation of the field of O&M. Methods: A group of expert-level professionals in the field of early intervention O&M engaged in a consensus process to establish face validity and content validity of the assessment items, which was accomplished using a Delphi study to identify relevant topics for assessment as a first step in developing a research-based assessment tool. Cutoffs for agreement were established prior to analysis, with 90% consensus for face and content validity of a high-stakes assessment that allows the score on the assessment to serve as a snapshot of a child’s progress. Results: All skills and concepts on the assessment were validated, and seven new items were added. Discussion: The resultant assessment tool is comprehensive in measuring the areas of O&M for young children that specialists found useful for determining the need for services and monitoring progress, does not contain extraneous test questions, and can stand alone as a snapshot of student progress. One item was added to the background information portion of the assessment tool because of its usefulness to some practitioners despite a consensus level below 90%. Future research should seek to establish construct validity and reliability measures. Implications for practitioners: Orientation and mobility specialists can begin using the updated item tool with improved content validity available from the New Mexico School for the Blind website.
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Longitudinal Locomotor Competence and Body Mass Index Across Self-Reported Gender and Vision Level for Youth With Visual Impairments: A 3-Year Investigation. Adapt Phys Activ Q 2021; 38:268-285. [PMID: 33631713 DOI: 10.1123/apaq.2020-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Youth with visual impairments are more likely to be overweight than peers without visual impairments and often struggle with their locomotor skills. Locomotor development can combat unhealthy body weight statuses by supporting physical activity behaviors. There are no longitudinal investigations concerning the locomotor skill and body mass index (BMI) developmental trajectories of youth with visual impairments. The purpose of this study was to examine the 3-year developmental trajectory of the locomotor skills and BMI of youth with visual impairments including differential effects of self-reported gender and degree of vision. Participants (N = 34, Mage = 11.75 years, 47% female) showed severely delayed and arrested locomotor development with increases in BMI across 3 years regardless of self-reported gender or degree of vision. Participants failed to breech a proficiency barrier of motor competence to combat against increases in BMI across time. Additional longitudinal inquiries are needed.
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Rogge AK, Hamacher D, Cappagli G, Kuhne L, Hötting K, Zech A, Gori M, Röder B. Balance, gait, and navigation performance are related to physical exercise in blind and visually impaired children and adolescents. Exp Brain Res 2021; 239:1111-1123. [PMID: 33550429 PMCID: PMC8068618 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-021-06038-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Self-motion perception used for locomotion and navigation requires the integration of visual, vestibular, and proprioceptive input. In the absence of vision, postural stability and locomotor tasks become more difficult. Previous research has suggested that in visually deprived children, postural stability and levels of physical activity are overall lower than in sighted controls. Here we hypothesized that visually impaired and blind children and adolescents differ from sighted controls in postural stability and gait parameters, and that physically active individuals outperform sedentary peers in postural stability and gait parameters as well as in navigation performance. Fourteen blind and visually impaired children and adolescents (8-18 years of age) and 14 matched sighted individuals took part. Assessments included postural sway, single-leg stance time, parameters of gait variability and stability, self-reported physical activity, and navigation performance. Postural sway was larger and single-leg stance time was lower in blind and visually impaired participants than in blindfolded sighted individuals. Physical activity was higher in the sighted group. No differences between the group of blind and visually impaired and blindfolded sighted participants were observed for gait parameters and navigation performance. Higher levels of physical activity were related to lower postural sway, longer single-leg stance time, higher gait stability, and superior navigation performance in blind and visually impaired participants. The present data suggest that physical activity may enhance postural stability and gait parameters, and thereby promote navigation performance in blind and visually impaired children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Kathrin Rogge
- Biological Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Hamburg, Von-Melle-Park 11, 20146, Hamburg, Germany. .,Max Planck School of Cognition, Max-Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Daniel Hamacher
- Institute of Sport Science, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany.,Friedrich Schiller University, Statistics and Methods in Sports, Jena, Germany
| | - Giulia Cappagli
- Unit for Visually Impaired People, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, U-VIP, Genoa, Italy
| | - Laura Kuhne
- Biological Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Hamburg, Von-Melle-Park 11, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kirsten Hötting
- Biological Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Hamburg, Von-Melle-Park 11, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Astrid Zech
- Institute of Sport Science, Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Monica Gori
- Unit for Visually Impaired People, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, U-VIP, Genoa, Italy
| | - Brigitte Röder
- Biological Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Hamburg, Von-Melle-Park 11, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
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Bicket AK, Mihailovic A, E JY, Nguyen A, Mukherjee MR, Friedman DS, Ramulu PY. Gait in Elderly Glaucoma: Impact of Lighting Conditions, Changes in Lighting, and Fear of Falling. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2020; 9:23. [PMID: 33364078 PMCID: PMC7745602 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.9.13.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to characterize the impact of lighting changes on gait in elderly patients with glaucoma and evaluate whether associations are mediated by fear of falling (FOF). Methods Gait initiation and parameters measured with the GAITRite Electronic Walkway were captured in normal indoor light, then in dim light, and again in normal light (normal post dim [NPD]). Participants’ right and left eye visual fields (VFs) were merged into integrated VF (IVF) sensitivities. FOF was evaluated using a Rasch-analyzed questionnaire. Multivariable regression models evaluated whether IVF sensitivity was associated with lighting-dependent gait changes and if this relationship was mediated by FOF. Results In 213 participants (mean age = 71.4 years), gait initiation in dim light took longer with more VF damage (P = 0.02). Greater VF damage was associated with slower gait in dim (P < 0.001) and NPD (P = 0.003) lighting, as well as shorter strides (P = 0.02), broader stance (P = 0.003), and more variable stride velocity and length in all lighting (all P < 0.03). When moving from normal to dim lighting, those with more VF damage slowed gait and cadence, shortened stride length, and lengthened double support time (all P < 0.001). Velocity, cadence, and double support time did not return to baseline in NPD lighting (all P < 0.05). Fear of falling did not appear to mediate the relationship between IVF sensitivity and lighting-dependent gait changes. Conclusions Patients with more VF damage demonstrate gait degradation in extreme or changing lighting, which is not mediated by FOF. Translational Relevance Quantitative spatiotemporal gait evaluation reveals lighting-associated impairment, supporting patient-reported difficulty with nonideal lighting and equipping providers to advise patients about limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Bicket
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Aleksandra Mihailovic
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jian-Yu E
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Angeline Nguyen
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - David S Friedman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Pradeep Y Ramulu
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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20
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Aprile G, Cappagli G, Morelli F, Gori M, Signorini S. Standardized and Experimental Tools to Assess Spatial Cognition in Visually Impaired Children: A Mini-Review. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:562589. [PMID: 33041760 PMCID: PMC7525087 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.562589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The acquisition of spatial cognition is essential for both everyday functioning (e.g., navigation) and more specific goals (e.g., mathematics), therefore being able to assess and monitor spatial cognition from the first years of life would be essential to predict developmental outcomes and timely intervene whenever spatial development is compromised. Several shreds of evidence have indicated that spatial development can be compromised in the case of development with atypical sensory experience such as blindness. Despite the massive importance of spatial abilities for the development of psychomotor competencies across childhood, only a few standardized and experimental methods have been developed to assess them in visually impaired children. In this review, we will give a short overview of current formal (standardized) and informal (experimental) methods to assess spatial cognition in visually impaired children, demonstrating that very few validated tools have been proposed to date. The main contribution of this current work is to highlight the need of ad hoc studies to create and validate clinical measures to assess spatial cognition in visually impaired individuals and address potential future developments in this area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Aprile
- Centre of Child Neurophthalmology, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Giulia Cappagli
- Centre of Child Neurophthalmology, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Federica Morelli
- Centre of Child Neurophthalmology, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Monica Gori
- Unit for Visually Impaired People, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Sabrina Signorini
- Centre of Child Neurophthalmology, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
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21
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Sorbello S, Quang Do V, Palagyi A, Keay L. Poorer Visual Acuity is Independently Associated With Impaired Balance and Step Length But Not Overall Physical Performance in Older Adults. J Aging Phys Act 2020; 28:756-764. [PMID: 32434150 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2019-0057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the association between varying levels of visual acuity (VA) and physical performance (Short Physical Performance Battery) in older adults. A cross-sectional analysis of participants aged ≥50 years with a clinical diagnosis of vision loss across two studies was undertaken. Of 434 (96%) participants with available VA data, 74% (320/434) had nil, 7% (32/434) had mild, 8% (33/434) had moderate, and 11% (49/434) had severe visual impairment. Poorer VA of both better and worse eye was found to be significantly associated with poorer standing balance (p = .006 and p = .004, respectively); worse VA of the better eye was significantly associated with increased number of steps per meter (p = .005). Mean total Short Physical Performance Battery score of this study population was lower than published normative data for this age group. Physical activity programs for older people with reduced VA should be targeted at improving balance and gait skills to reduce falls risk.
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22
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Mihailovic A, De Luna RM, West SK, Friedman DS, Gitlin LN, Ramulu PY. Gait and Balance as Predictors and/or Mediators of Falls in Glaucoma. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:30. [PMID: 32186671 PMCID: PMC7401477 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.3.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the association between balance and gait measures with fall rates in glaucoma patients. Methods Balance and gait were measured for 239 participants with glaucoma or suspected glaucoma. Daily falls were evaluated over 24 months. Annual accelerometer trials captured average daily steps. Multivariable negative binomial models evaluated balance and gait associations with average daily steps and rates of falls per time or step, as well as whether balance and gait parameters mediated the association between integrated visual field (IVF) sensitivity and falls. Results Average age was 70.5 years (SD = 7.6), and 22% of the participants had moderate to severe visual field damage. Over the first 12 months of the follow-up, the cumulative probability of falling one or more times was 44.8%, and the cumulative probability of falling two or more times was 17.7%. Gait deficits were associated with fewer daily steps (P < 0.03), but no balance parameters were (P > 0.19). Worse balance was associated with a higher rate of falls per year and step (P < 0.03). No gait measures were associated with the rate of falls per year (P > 0.17). More time in double support and greater swing time variability were associated with higher falls per step, and higher velocity and faster cadence were associated with fewer falls per step (P < 0.05 for all). Neither gait nor balance measures mediated the relationship between visual field damage and fall rates. IVF remained an independent predictor of falls per step (rate ratio = 1.36 to 1.48; P < 0.001 to P < 0.005) in multivariable models including individual balance/gait parameters. Conclusions Although balance and gait measures are associated with fall rates, they do not explain why persons with greater visual field damage fall more frequently, suggesting the importance of other potential factors such as hazard perception.
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The development of vision between nature and nurture: clinical implications from visual neuroscience. Childs Nerv Syst 2020; 36:911-917. [PMID: 32140777 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-020-04554-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vision is an adaptive function and should be considered a prerequisite for neurodevelopment because it permits the organization and the comprehension of the sensory data collected by the visual system during daily life. For this reason, the influence of visual functions on neuromotor, cognitive, and emotional development has been investigated by several studies that have highlighted how visual functions can drive the organization and maturation of human behavior. Recent studies on animals and human models have indicated that visual functions mature gradually during post-natal life, and its development is closely linked to environment and experience. DISCUSSION The role of vision in early brain development and some of the neuroplasticity mechanisms that have been described in the presence of cerebral damage during childhood are analyzed in this review, according to a neurorehabilitation prospective.
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Tsubosaka M, Matsumoto T, Sobajima S, Matsushita T, Iwaguro H, Kuroda R. The influence of adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction cells on the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2020; 21:207. [PMID: 32252731 PMCID: PMC7137313 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-020-03231-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adipose-derived stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells are a mixed cell population that includes cells with multilineage potential, similar to bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Our purpose is to investigate the influence of SVF cells in patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) and the short-term treatment effects. Methods Fifty-seven patients were enrolled and treated with intra-articular injection of 2.5 × 107 SVF cells into the knee joint between September 2017 and March 2018. All patients were followed up for 12 months or longer. Mean age at treatment and follow-up period were 69.4 ± 6.9 years and 13.7 ± 2.0 months, respectively. The mean preoperative hip-knee-ankle angle was 6.7 ± 3.6°. SVF cells were prepared using the Celution®800/CRS system from the patients’ abdominal or breech subcutaneous fat. The mean SVF cell viability was 90.6 ± 2.7%. Clinical evaluations were performed for range of motion, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), visual analog scale (VAS) for pain, and the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Score (KOOS). Imaging evaluations, which included the hip-knee-ankle angle assessed via radiography, and T2 mapping value using a 1.5-T magnetic resonance imaging unit were also assessed. Both clinical and imaging evaluations were performed preoperatively, 1, 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively, and compared among all timepoints (p < 0.05). Results Knee extension angle at 6 and 12 months postoperatively was significantly better than the preoperative angle. Total WOMAC, VAS, and KOOS scores at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months postoperatively were significantly better than preoperative scores. There was no significant difference in hip-knee-ankle angle among the five time periods. T2 mapping values of lateral femur and tibia were significantly higher 12 months postoperatively than preoperatively. Conclusions The short-term clinical effects of intra-articular SVF cell injection on knee OA were excellent. Intra-articular SVF cell injection is a novel and innovative approach for treating patients with knee OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Tsubosaka
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sobajima Clinic, 2-2-6, Aramotokita, Higashiosaka, Osaka, 577-0011, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Matsumoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Satoshi Sobajima
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sobajima Clinic, 2-2-6, Aramotokita, Higashiosaka, Osaka, 577-0011, Japan.
| | - Takehiko Matsushita
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hideki Iwaguro
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Sobajima Clinic, 2-2-6, Aramotokita, Higashiosaka, Osaka, 577-0011, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kuroda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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Karami H, Karami K, Abdullatif Khafaie M, Zahednejad S, Arastoo AA. The Physiological Cost Index and Some Kinematic Parameters of Walking and Jogging in Blind and Sighted Students. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2020; 45:16-22. [PMID: 32038055 PMCID: PMC6983280 DOI: 10.30476/ijms.2019.45386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Vision plays an important role in supporting efficient locomotion. The present study aimed to measure the physiological cost index (PCI) and some kinematic parameters of preferred walking and jogging in blind and sighted students Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among blind (n=18) and sighted (n=27) students aged 8-16 years. The following parameters were measured during a standard test procedure: step length (meter),
cadence (steps/min), mean speed (meter/min), and the PCI of preferred walking (PCIW) and jogging (PCIJ) over a distance of 100 meters Results: Univariate linear regression analysis revealed that the weight of an individual as well as the test duration were significant predictors of heart rate (HR) and PCI.
Overall, the PCI (beats/meter) of sighted (PCIW=0.22±0.08 and PCIJ=0.24±0.07) and blind students (PCIW=0.27±0.07 and PCIJ=0.31±0.08) were significantly different (all P≤0.05).
In addition, the speed of preferred walking (PW) in sighted students was significantly higher than that of the blind students (67±8 versus 62.8±9 m/min; all P≤0.05),
while this difference was insignificant in jogging mode (105±9 versus 102±11 m/min). Conclusion: Although the blind students were familiar with the ambient environment and the walking route, they demonstrated a different pattern of PW and jogging modes with respect to kinematic parameters. We also demonstrated that the blind students spent more energy (i.e., PCI) to achieve a lower or equal gait kinematics compared to the sighted students
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Affiliation(s)
- Honeyeh Karami
- Department of Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercises, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Karaj Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Khodabakhsh Karami
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Shahla Zahednejad
- Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Asghar Arastoo
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.,Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
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Battistin T, Mioni G, Schoch V, Bisiacchi PS. Comparison of temporal judgments in sighted and visually impaired children. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2019; 95:103499. [PMID: 31586849 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2019.103499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
AIM We studied visually impaired and blind children to investigate the effects of visual damage on time perception. METHODS Sixty-three children (11 blind, 16 visually impaired, 20 sighted and 16 sighted but blindfolded) performed a temporal bisection task, which consisted of judging different temporal intervals presented in the auditory modality. RESULTS The visually impaired children showed lower constant error than sighted children but higher variability (Weber ratio). The blindfolded children had a temporal estimation comparable to the clinical groups and time sensitivity comparable to the controls. CONCLUSION These findings are interpreted in the light of inter-modality interference, assuming that the coexistence of both sensory modalities, present only in controls, leads to a trade-off between the two senses with an indirect contribution of sight, which does not happen either in the clinical groups or in the blindfolded children, despite the single sensory task.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giovanna Mioni
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Italy
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Li J, Jiang J, Zhang Y, Liu B, Zhang L. Impairment of Vestibular Function and Balance Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Audiol Neurootol 2019; 24:154-160. [PMID: 31326970 DOI: 10.1159/000501291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent evidence suggests that falls are a major complication of diabetes in elderly patients, leading to disability and preventable death. However, the potential risk factors leading to falls in patients with type 2 diabetes are not fully understood. This study was designed to explore the characteristics of vestibular dysfunction and balance control in patients with type 2 diabetes and to analyse the risk factors associated with falls. METHODS The study recruited 51 patients with type 2 diabetes and 43 controls who underwent vestibular function tests and balance control capability tests between January 2013 and December 2015. Vestibular function and balance control capability assessment was based on slow-phase velocity, canal paresis, Sensory Organisation Test (SOT) score, Limits of Stability Test (LOS) score, and Motor Control Test (MCT) score. RESULTS In all, 56.7% of the diabetic patients had vestibular dysfunction, compared with 27.9% of the controls (p = 0.005). Vestibular dysfunction was dependent on the duration of the disease and serum HbA1c levels. There were no significant differences between the two groups with respect to the balance test results for SOT score, somatosensory subtest score, vestibular subtest score, or LOS score. However, the visual system and MCT scores were significantly lower in the diabetic patients than in the controls (p = 0.032 and p = 0.018, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Patients with type 2 diabetes have a higher incidence of vestibular dysfunction. Vestibular dysfunction, visual system impairment, and a decline in motion control may be the risk factors that can lead to falls, and thus need to be managed accordingly in diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (Capital Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Jana Jiang
- University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (Capital Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (Capital Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Luo Zhang
- Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, .,Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery (Capital Medical University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China,
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28
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Bakke HA, Cavalcante WA, de Oliveira IS, Sarinho SW, Cattuzzo MT. Assessment of Motor Skills in Children With Visual Impairment: A Systematic and Integrative Review. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-PEDIATRICS 2019; 13:1179556519838287. [PMID: 31105435 PMCID: PMC6503598 DOI: 10.1177/1179556519838287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to review and examine the tools used to assess psychomotor
performance of children with visual impairment. Databases, such as SCOPUS,
MEDLINE/PubMed, Medline/EBSCO, Web of Science, LILACS, CINAHL, and
ScienceDirect, were searched using Mesh terms. Data from manuscripts fully
available in these databases between 1994 and 2017 (except CINAHL—2014)
concerning the evaluation, tool development, or intervention for the improvement
of motor skills in children (age, 7-10 years) with visual impairment were
collected. The Critical Review Form—Quantitative Studies was used to evaluate
the quality of the articles. As a result, 1113 articles were found, but only 24
met the inclusion criteria; 66.7% of the articles had moderate quality, with
unsatisfactory results regarding the validity and reliability of the tools used
to assess these children, as well as the absence of clinical importance and
practical application in such studies. Only the Test of Gross Motor
Development-2 and Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 described data on
the validation and reliability in visually impaired children. To minimize
systematic errors and improve the quality of the investigations, increasing the
number of studies regarding the tools, functionality of their activities, and
testing the adaptions is necessary.
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Cappagli G, Finocchietti S, Cocchi E, Giammari G, Zumiani R, Cuppone AV, Baud-Bovy G, Gori M. Audio motor training improves mobility and spatial cognition in visually impaired children. Sci Rep 2019; 9:3303. [PMID: 30824830 PMCID: PMC6397231 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39981-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Since it has been demonstrated that spatial cognition can be affected in visually impaired children, training strategies that exploit the plasticity of the human brain should be early adopted. Here we developed and tested a new training protocol based on the reinforcement of audio-motor associations and thus supporting spatial development in visually impaired children. The study involved forty-four visually impaired children aged 6–17 years old assigned to an experimental (ABBI training) or a control (classical training) rehabilitation conditions. The experimental training group followed an intensive but entertaining rehabilitation for twelve weeks during which they performed ad-hoc developed audio-spatial exercises with the Audio Bracelet for Blind Interaction (ABBI). A battery of spatial tests administered before and after the training indicated that children significantly improved in almost all the spatial aspects considered, while the control group didn’t show any improvement. These results confirm that perceptual development in the case of blindness can be enhanced with naturally associated auditory feedbacks to body movements. Therefore the early introduction of a tailored audio-motor training could potentially prevent spatial developmental delays in visually impaired children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Cappagli
- Unit for Visually Impaired People, Center for Human Technologies, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Sara Finocchietti
- Unit for Visually Impaired People, Center for Human Technologies, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Elena Cocchi
- Istituto David Chiossone per Ciechi ed ipovedenti ONLUS, Genova, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Giammari
- Centro regionale per l'ipovisione in età evolutiva, IRCCS Scientific Institute "E. Medea", Bosisio Parini, Lecco, Italy
| | | | - Anna Vera Cuppone
- Unit for Visually Impaired People, Center for Human Technologies, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy
| | - Gabriel Baud-Bovy
- RBCS Robotics, Brain and Cognitive Science department, Center for Human Technologies, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.,Vita-Salute San Raffaele University & Unit of Experimental Psychology, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Gori
- Unit for Visually Impaired People, Center for Human Technologies, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Genova, Italy.
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Bathelt J, de Haan M, Dale NJ. Adaptive behaviour and quality of life in school-age children with congenital visual disorders and different levels of visual impairment. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2019; 85:154-162. [PMID: 30557846 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adaptive behaviours are vital skills that allow individuals to function independently and are potentially amenable to behavioural interventions. Previous research indicated that adaptive behaviours are reduced in children and adolescents with severe to profound VI, but it was unclear if this was also the case for children with mild to moderate VI. AIM The aim of the study was to assess differences in adaptive behaviour in children with congenital visual disorders and different levels of visual impairment and their influence on quality of life and everyday strengths and difficulties. METHODS AND PROCEDURES Questionnaires about adaptive behaviour, strengths and difficulties, and quality of life were completed by parents of school-age children with severe-to-profound VI (S/PVI, n = 9, 0.9 logMAR - light perception only), mild-to-moderate VI (MVI, n = 9, 0.1-0.7 logMAR), or typical sight (control, n = 18, -0.3 to 0.1 logMAR). Differences in questionnaire domains by the severity of VI and relationships between adaptive behaviour and quality of life were analysed in general linear models. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS The questionnaire ratings indicated reduced adaptive behaviour, more difficulties, and reduced quality of life in children with S/PVI compared to typically-sighted peers. Effects were smaller for children with MVI, but indicated a significant reduction in quality of life compared to typically-sighted children. The effect of visual impairment on quality of life in school was partially mediated by adaptive behaviour. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATION Severe congenital visual impairment affects adaptive behaviour in children with verbal abilities in the typical range. This effect is less pronounced in children with mild-to-moderate VI, but still impacts on quality of life, particularly in school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe Bathelt
- MRC Cognition & Brain Sciences Unit, University of Cambridge, 15 Chaucer Road, Cambridge CB2 7EF, UK.
| | - Michelle de Haan
- Developmental Neurosciences Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Naomi J Dale
- Developmental Neurosciences Programme, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK; Neurodisability Service, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, UK
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Santos D, Abrantes JMCS, Lewis P, Macedo AF. Influence of the use of cane on the gait cycle of individuals who are blind. BRITISH JOURNAL OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0264619618782576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Santos
- Low Vision and Visual Rehabilitation Lab, Department and Center of Physics—Optometry and Vision Science, University of Minho, Portugal
| | - João MCS Abrantes
- MovLab / CIC.Digital Pólo CICANT, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Peter Lewis
- Department of Medicine and Optometry, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - António Filipe Macedo
- Department of Medicine and Optometry, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden; and Low Vision and Visual Rehabilitation Lab, Department and Center of Physics—Optometry and Vision Science, University of Minho, Portugal
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Knee osteoarthritis at the early stage: The four-week effect of lateral wedge insole on pain and risk of falls. Med J Islam Repub Iran 2018; 32:17. [PMID: 30159268 PMCID: PMC6108274 DOI: 10.14196/mjiri.32.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is associated with a decrease in function, increase in pain and risk of falls. Lateral wedge insole (LWI) is commonly prescribed in KOA to improve pain and function. Our study aimed to 1) evaluate the clinical symptoms and risk of falls in early KOA and compare with controls; 2) evaluate the immediate and four-week effect of LWI. Methods: A sample of 20 Persian dwelling individuals with early KOA and 19 matched controls were recruited. Pain with Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Quality of life (QOL) with the knee injury and osteoarthritis outcome score, risk of falls with the Timed Up and Go (TUG) and static One-leg Balance (OLB) tests were assessed. The four-week effect of 5º LWI was considered for individuals with KOA. Independent t-test was done to report the between-group differences, and paired t-test was used to report the four-week effect of LWI. Results: At baseline, statistically significant higher scores for pain, lower scores for QOL, and higher risk of falls were observed in KOA compared to controls (p< 0.001). A significant statistical decrease was observed in pain, and risk of falls, and an increase in QOL in KOA after four-week effect of LWI compared to baseline (p< 0.001). Conclusion: People with early KOA showed higher pain and lower level of QOL that were associated with higher risk of falls. LWI may have the potential to improve clinical symptoms and reduce the risk of falls at the early stage of KOA.
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Bakke HA, Sarinho SW, Cattuzzo MT. Adaptation of the MABC-2 Test (Age Band 2) for children with low vision. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2017; 71:120-129. [PMID: 29032287 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tools used to assess motor performance in children with low vision often have no validity and reliability data concerning this population and use non-standardized modifications. Adaptations of these tools could help to identify motor problems and mitigate their effects. AIM To assess aspects of validity and reliability in an adaptation of the Movement ABC-2 Test (MABC-2) for children with low vision. METHODS AND PROCEDURES The research was undertaken in two stages: 1) application of the original MABC-2 to 10 children with low vision, adaptation and pilot test; 2) administration and re-administration of the adapted MABC-2 in 30 children with low vision. Inter-rater reliability and test-retest reliability were assessed with an intraclass correlation coefficient and Kappa index; internal consistency was assessed with Cronbach's alpha. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS Substantial to almost perfect inter-rater reliability was found between the component standard scores and a reasonable to excellent concordance rate in the classification of movement difficulty. The adapted tool has moderate internal consistency. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS The adapted MABC-2 Test has improved the assessment of motor performance in children with low vision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanne Alves Bakke
- IFPB Campus Patos, Acesso Rodovia PB 110, s/n, Bairro Alto Tubiba, Patos -PB, CEP 58700-000.
| | - Silvia Wanick Sarinho
- Pós-Graduação em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente/UFPE, Av Prof Moraes Rego, s/n, Prédio das Pós-Graduações do CCS - 1° andar, Cidade Universitária, CEP: 50.670-420, Recife, PE, Brazil, Brazil.
| | - Maria Teresa Cattuzzo
- Av. Fernando Simões Barbosa, n. 374, ap. 502. Bairro: Boa Viagem, CEP: 51020-390, Recife, PE, Brazil.
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Mihailovic A, Swenor BK, Friedman DS, West SK, Gitlin LN, Ramulu PY. Gait Implications of Visual Field Damage from Glaucoma. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2017; 6:23. [PMID: 28660098 PMCID: PMC5484170 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.6.3.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate fall-relevant gait features in older glaucoma patients. METHODS The GAITRite Electronic Walkway was used to define fall-related gait parameters in 239 patients with suspected or manifest glaucoma under normal usual-pace walking conditions and while carrying a cup or tray. Multiple linear regression models assessed the association between gait parameters and integrated visual field (IVF) sensitivity after controlling for age, race, sex, medications, and comorbid illness. RESULTS Under normal walking conditions, worse IVF sensitivity was associated with a wider base of support (β = 0.60 cm/5 dB IVF sensitivity decrement, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.12-1.09, P = 0.016). Worse IVF sensitivity was not associated with slower gait speed, shorter step or stride length, or greater left-right drift under normal walking conditions (P > 0.05 for all), but was during cup and/or tray carrying conditions (P < 0.05 for all). Worse IVF sensitivity was positively associated with greater stride-to-stride variability in step length, stride length, and stride velocity (P < 0.005 for all). Inferior and superior IVF sensitivity demonstrated associations with each of the above gait parameters as well, though these associations were consistently similar to, or weaker than, the associations noted for overall IVF sensitivity. CONCLUSION Glaucoma severity was associated with several gait parameters predictive of higher fall risk in prior studies, particularly measures of stride-to-stride variability. Gait may be useful in identifying glaucoma patients at higher risk of falls, and in designing and testing interventions to prevent falls in this high-risk group. TRANSLATIONAL RELEVANCE These findings could serve to inform the development of the interventions for falls prevention in glaucoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sheila K. West
- Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Laura N. Gitlin
- Center for Innovative Care in Aging, School of Nursing, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Campayo-Piernas M, Caballero C, Barbado D, Reina R. Role of vision in sighted and blind soccer players in adapting to an unstable balance task. Exp Brain Res 2017; 235:1269-1279. [PMID: 28197674 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-017-4885-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
This study tested whether a compensatory hypothesis exists on postural control during standing unstable balance tasks comparing blind soccer players (n = 7) to sighted soccer players (n = 15) and sighted sedentary individuals (n = 6). All subjects performed a pre-test, a training of ten practice trials on a single day, and a post-test balance test. All tests were performed on an unstable surface placed on a force platform and under closed-eyes conditions, and a final test was performed with open eyes. Balance performance was assessed by resultant distance (RD) and the magnitude of mean velocity (MV) of the centre of pressure (CoP) displacement, and EMG signals from the gastrocnemius lateralis, tibialis anterior, rectus femoris, and peroneus longus were measured with surface electromyography. Principal component analysis (PCA) on EMG muscular activation was used to assess EMG pattern differences during the balance tasks. All groups improved their performance, obtaining low scores for the closed-eyes condition balance task after the training period in RD, VM, and aids received to keep balance in the novel task, and no differences were found between groups or in interaction effects. Sighted individuals and the control group showed significantly lower RD and VM scores under open-eyes conditions than blind participants. As regards neuromuscular behaviour, three principal patterns explained 84.15% of the variability in the measured data. The theoretical improvement of the other senses caused by visual deprivation does not allow blind individuals to obtain better balance than sighted individuals under closed-eyes conditions, thereby reinforcing the prominent role of vision in integrating and processing the other sensory inputs. In addition, blind individuals seem to increase their muscular co-activation as a safety strategy, but this behaviour is not different to that shown by sighted people under closed-eyes conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Campayo-Piernas
- Sports Research Centre, Miguel Hernández University, Av. de la Universidad s/n, 03202, Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Carla Caballero
- Sports Research Centre, Miguel Hernández University, Av. de la Universidad s/n, 03202, Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - David Barbado
- Sports Research Centre, Miguel Hernández University, Av. de la Universidad s/n, 03202, Elche, Alicante, Spain
| | - Raúl Reina
- Sports Research Centre, Miguel Hernández University, Av. de la Universidad s/n, 03202, Elche, Alicante, Spain.
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Cuturi LF, Aggius-Vella E, Campus C, Parmiggiani A, Gori M. From science to technology: Orientation and mobility in blind children and adults. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 71:240-251. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Revised: 08/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Devices for visually impaired people: High technological devices with low user acceptance and no adaptability for children. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 69:79-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Gazzellini S, Lispi ML, Castelli E, Trombetti A, Carniel S, Vasco G, Napolitano A, Petrarca M. The impact of vision on the dynamic characteristics of the gait: strategies in children with blindness. Exp Brain Res 2016; 234:2619-27. [PMID: 27165507 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-016-4666-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Visually impaired persons present an atypical gait pattern characterized by slower walking speed, shorter stride length and longer time of stance. Three explanatory hypotheses have been advanced in the literature: balance deficit, lack of an anticipatory mechanisms and foot probing the ground. In the present study, we compared the three hypotheses by applying their predictions to gait analysis and posturography of blind children without neurological impairment and compared their performance with that of an age-matched control group. The gait analysis results documented that blind children presented reduced walking velocity and step length, increased step width and external rotation of the foot progression angle, reduced ground reaction force and ankle maximum angle, moment and power in late stance, increased head flexion, decreased thorax flexion and pelvis anteversion, compared with the control group. The posturographic analysis showed equal skill level between blind children and normally sighted children when they close their eyes. The results are consistent with only one of the three hypotheses: namely, they prove that blind children's gait is influenced only by the absence of visually driven anticipatory control mechanisms. Finally, rehabilitative recommendations for children with blindness are advanced in discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Gazzellini
- MARlab (Movement Analysis and Robotics Laboratory), Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Via Torre di Palidoro, Passoscuro-Fiumicino, 00050, Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Luisa Lispi
- MARlab (Movement Analysis and Robotics Laboratory), Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Via Torre di Palidoro, Passoscuro-Fiumicino, 00050, Rome, Italy
| | - Enrico Castelli
- MARlab (Movement Analysis and Robotics Laboratory), Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Via Torre di Palidoro, Passoscuro-Fiumicino, 00050, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Sacha Carniel
- MARlab (Movement Analysis and Robotics Laboratory), Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Via Torre di Palidoro, Passoscuro-Fiumicino, 00050, Rome, Italy
| | - Gessica Vasco
- MARlab (Movement Analysis and Robotics Laboratory), Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Via Torre di Palidoro, Passoscuro-Fiumicino, 00050, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Napolitano
- Enterprise Risk Management, Medical Physics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maurizio Petrarca
- MARlab (Movement Analysis and Robotics Laboratory), Department of Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Via Torre di Palidoro, Passoscuro-Fiumicino, 00050, Rome, Italy
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Pintanel AC, Gomes GC, Xavier DM, Cezar-Vaz MR, Silva MRSD. Influência ambiental para a (in)dependência da criança cega: perspectiva da família. AQUICHAN 2016. [DOI: 10.5294/aqui.2016.16.1.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivo: compreender a influência dos ambientes onde a criança cega vive no exercício da sua (in)dependência na perspectiva da família. Método: realizou-se pesquisa qualitativa no segundo semestre de 2011, com dez mães de crianças cegas atendidas em um Centro de Educação Complementar para Deficientes Visuais. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas e analisados pela Análise Temática. Interpretação: no ambiente domiciliar, o potencial de independência da criança cega é maior. Nele, a criança desempenha suas atividades diárias sem necessidade de auxílio. Quanto ao ambiente da escola convencional, a família referiu que a cegueira pode prejudicar o processo de ensino-aprendizagem e comprometer o processo educativo das crianças cegas. A família se organiza para ajudar a criança nas tarefas para que ela consiga acompanhar as outras crianças na escola. No entanto, referiram que elas sofrem discriminação e preconceito na escola devido à cegueira. Conclusões: concluiu-se que os ambientes domiciliar e escolar são sistemas de suporte e influenciam a independência humana, bem como necessitam ser repensados e reorganizados para favorecer a criança cega. Cabe aos profissionais da enfermagem a orientação adequada da família e os profissionais da escola, na qual se capacite a criança cega para o autocuidado, a mobilidade e a função social, o que possibilitaria sua independência.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Hallemans
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physiotherapy, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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Dijkhuizen A, Hilgenkamp TIM, Krijnen WP, van der Schans CP, Waninge A. The impact of visual impairment on the ability to perform activities of daily living for persons with severe/profound intellectual disability. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2016; 48:35-42. [PMID: 26529065 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The ability to perform activities of daily living (ADL) as a component of participation is one of the factors that contribute to quality of life. The ability to perform ADL for persons experiencing severe/profound intellectual disability (ID) may be reduced due to their cognitive and physical capacities. However, until recently, the impact of the significantly prevalent visual impairments on the performance of activities of daily living has not yet been revealed within this group. AIM The purpose of this prospective cross-sectional study was to investigate the impact of visual impairment on the performance of activities of daily living for persons with a severe/profound intellectual disability. METHOD The Barthel Index (BI) and Comfortable Walking Speed (CWS) were used to measure the ability of performing activities of daily living (ADL) in 240 persons with severe/profound ID and having Gross Motor Functioning Classification System (GMFCS) levels I, II or III; this included 120 persons with visual impairment. The impact of visual impairment on ADL was analyzed with linear regression. RESULTS The results of the study demonstrated that visual impairment slightly affects the ability of performing activities of daily living (BI) for persons experiencing a severe/profound intellectual disability. GMFCS Levels II or III, profound ID level, and visual impairment each have the effect of lowering BI scores. GMFCS Levels II or III, and profound ID level each have the effect of increasing CWS scores, which indicates a lower walking speed. A main effect of visual impairment is present on CWS, but our results do show a substantive interaction effect between GMFCS level III and visual impairment on Comfortable Walking Speed in persons with a severe/profound intellectual disability. CONCLUSIONS Visual impairment has a slight effect on ability to perform ADL in persons experiencing severe/profound ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemarie Dijkhuizen
- Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, Research and Innovation Group in Health Care and in Nursing, Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Thessa I M Hilgenkamp
- Intellectual Disability Medicine, Department of General Practice, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wim P Krijnen
- Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, Research and Innovation Group in Health Care and in Nursing, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Cees P van der Schans
- Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, Research and Innovation Group in Health Care and in Nursing, Groningen, The Netherlands; University Medical Center, Groningen, Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aly Waninge
- Hanze University of Applied Sciences, Groningen, Research and Innovation Group in Health Care and in Nursing, Groningen, The Netherlands; Royal Dutch Visio, Centre of Expertise for Blind and Partially Sighted People, The Netherlands
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Sadowska D, Krzepota J. Assessment of Physical Activity of People with Visual Impairments and Individuals who Are Sighted Using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and Actigraph. JOURNAL OF VISUAL IMPAIRMENT & BLINDNESS 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/0145482x1510900207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Introduction The aim of this study was to analyze the results of walking assessments and total energy expenditure based on a questionnaire and accelerometer measurements among people with visual impairments and those who are sighted. Methods The study included 25 persons with visual impairments and 25 individuals who are sighted, age 32.3 ± 5.3 years. A weekly measurement of physical activity using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire long form (IPAQ-LF) and accelerometer GTX3 ActiGraph was conducted. Results It was demonstrated that visual impairment affects walking ability, insofar as it reduces the number of steps taken in a day ( p ≤ .05) (ActiGraph); it does not, however, differentiate physical activity level (IPAQ-LF). Moreover, there has been observed a lower energy expenditure in people with visual impairments in relation to intensive ( p ≤ .01) and moderate-level ( p ≤ .001) physical activity. In the group of people with visual impairments, a correlation ( p ≤ .05) was observed between the energy expenditure associated with walking (IPAQ-LF) and the total weekly energy expenditure associated with physical activity (ActiGraph). Also, a correlation ( p ≤ .05) was observed between the total weekly energy expenditure associated with physical activity in the IPAQ-LF and ActiGraph. Discussion Regardless of the method used to measure physical activity, on average, participants with visual impairments took a smaller number of steps than participants who were sighted. However, the average number of steps taken by participants with visual impairments was much higher than the 3,500–5,000 steps recommended as healthy for a person with disabilities. Implications for practitioners IPAQ-LF and ActiGraph are effective methods of monitoring physical activity in persons with visual impairments, and may be used in supporting activities that promote taking up physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Sadowska
- Department of Physical Culture and Health Promotion, University of Szczecin, al. Piastów 40b, blok 6, 71-065 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Justyna Krzepota
- Department of Physical Culture and Health Promotion, University of Szczecin, Szczecin, Poland
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Greguol M, Gobbi E, Carraro A. Physical activity practice among children and adolescents with visual impairment--influence of parental support and perceived barriers. Disabil Rehabil 2014; 37:327-30. [PMID: 24828394 DOI: 10.3109/09638288.2014.918194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyze the practice of physical activity among children and adolescents with visual impairments (VI), regarding the possible influence of parental support and perceived barriers. METHODS Twenty-two young people with VIs (10 + 2.74 years old) and one of each of their parents were evaluated. They responded to the Physical Activity Questionnaire for Older Children (PAQ-C), Baecke Questionnaire, the Parental Support Scale and a questionnaire about perceived barriers to physical activity. The independent samples t-test, pearson correlation test and chi-square test were performed. RESULTS Blind young people showed lower physical activity levels. There were significant correlations both between parents' physical activity and the support offered to children and between the PAQ-C results and the importance given by young people to physical activity, but only for those aged between 8 and 10 years old. The main perceived barriers were lack of security, motivation, professional training and information about available physical activity programs. CONCLUSION The influence of parental support seems to be an important factor in the adoption of a physically active lifestyle for young people with VI. Parents and children should have more information about the benefits and opportunities of physical activity. Implications for Rehabilitation Young people with visual impairment should be encouraged by parents to practice physical activity. More information should be provided on the benefits of physical activity to both parents and children. Professional training should be available to help support this group become more active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcia Greguol
- Department of Sport Science, State University of Londrina, Center of Physical Education and Sport , Londrina, Paraná , Brazil and
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De Araújo PP, De Moura Filho OF, Valenti VE, Gallo SM, Camargo MR, Say KG, Marcomini RS, de Oliveira G, Monteiro CB, Wajnsztejn R, De Abreu LC. Stabilometric parameters analysis in children with visual disorder. Int Arch Med 2014; 7:1. [PMID: 24387244 PMCID: PMC3882287 DOI: 10.1186/1755-7682-7-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although postural changes were already reported in blind adults, no previous study has investigated postural stability in blind children. Moreover, there are few studies which used a stabilometric instrument to measure postural balance. In this study we evaluated stabilometric paramaters in blind children. Methods We evaluated children between 7 to 12 years old, they were divided into two groups: Blind (n = 11) and age-matched control (n = 11) groups by using computerized stabilometry. The stabilometric examination was performed taking the gravity centers displacement of the individual projected into the platform. Thirthy seconds after the period in which this information was collected, the program defined a medium-pressure center, which was used to define x and y axes displacement and the distance between the pressure center and the platform center. Furthermore, the average sway rate and the body sway area were obtained by dividing the pressure center displacement and the time spent on the task; and by an ellipse function (95% percentille), respectively. Percentages of anterior, posterior, left and right feet weight also were calculated. Variables were compared by using the Student’s t test for unpaired data. Significance level was considered for p <0.05. Results Displacement of the x axis (25.55 ± 9.851 vs. -3.545 ± 7.667; p <0.05) and average sway rate (19.18 ± 2.7 vs. -10.55 ± 1.003; p <0.001) were increased in the blind children group. Percentage of left foot weight was reduced (45.82 ± 2.017 vs. 52.36 ± 1.33; p <0.05) while percentage of right foot weight was increased (54.18 ± 2.17 vs. 47.64 ± 1.33; p <0.05) in blind children. Other variables did not show differences. Conclusions Blind children present impaired stabilometric parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oséas F De Moura Filho
- Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa em Fisioterapia Clínica de Saúde, Rua Vitório Orthiges Fernandes, 6123, CEP, Teresina 64073-505, PI, Brazil.
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Ko M, Chiu YP, Hung YJ. Dynamic Postural Control in Older People With Diabetes During Gait Initiation. PHYSICAL & OCCUPATIONAL THERAPY IN GERIATRICS 2013. [DOI: 10.3109/02703181.2013.823637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Wagner MO, Haibach PS, Lieberman LJ. Gross motor skill performance in children with and without visual impairments--research to practice. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2013; 34:3246-3252. [PMID: 23891733 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2013.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to provide an empirical basis for teaching gross motor skills in children with visual impairments. For this purpose, gross motor skill performance of 23, 6-12 year old, boys and girls who are blind (ICD-10 H54.0) and 28 sighted controls with comparable age and gender characteristics was compared on six locomotor and six object control tasks using the Test of Gross Motor Development-Second Edition. Results indicate that children who are blind perform significantly (p<.05) worse in all assessed locomotor and object control skills, whereby running, leaping, kicking and catching are the most affected skills, and corresponding differences are related to most running, leaping, kicking and catching component. Practical implications are provided.
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Meyns P, Molenaers G, Desloovere K, Duysens J. Interlimb coordination during forward walking is largely preserved in backward walking in children with cerebral palsy. Clin Neurophysiol 2013; 125:552-61. [PMID: 24079947 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2013.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/24/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Limb kinematics in backward walking (BW) are essentially those of forward walking (FW) in reverse. It has been argued that subcortical mechanisms could underlie both walking modes. METHODS Therefore, we tested whether participants with supraspinal/cortical deficits (i.e. cerebral palsy) show the kinematic reversal from FW to BW. 3D gait analysis was performed in 15 children with diplegia and 11 children with hemiplegia to record elevation angles of upper arm, lower arm, upper leg, lower leg, and foot, and were compared to those of 23 control subjects. Coordination patterns were compared between FW and BW, and elevation angle traces of BW were reversed in time (revBW) and correlated to FW traces. RESULTS The interlimb coordination pattern during BW was largely preserved for all groups. The kinematic reversal of the limbs was also present in children with cerebral palsy (represented by high correlation coefficients between FW and revBW kinematics). CONCLUSIONS The neural control mechanism of FW leading to BW, is preserved in persons with cortical deficits (as in cerebral palsy). SIGNIFICANCE The current results support previous evidence suggesting that interlimb locomotor coordination depends mostly on the coupling between spinal pattern generators, coordinated by brainstem mechanisms, rather than primarily on cortical structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pieter Meyns
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium.
| | - Guy Molenaers
- Clinical Motion Analysis Laboratory, CERM, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Kaat Desloovere
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium; Clinical Motion Analysis Laboratory, CERM, University Hospital Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jacques Duysens
- Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Heverlee, Belgium; Department of Research, Development and Education, Sint Maartenskliniek, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Early presentation of gait impairment in Wolfram Syndrome. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2012; 7:92. [PMID: 23217193 PMCID: PMC3551701 DOI: 10.1186/1750-1172-7-92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Classically characterized by early onset insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, deafness, diabetes insipidus, and neurological abnormalities, Wolfram syndrome (WFS) is also associated with atypical brainstem and cerebellar findings in the first decade of life. As such, we hypothesized that gait differences between individuals with WFS and typically developing (TD) individuals may be detectable across the course of the disease. METHODS Gait was assessed for 13 individuals with WFS (min 6.4 yrs, max 25.8 yrs) and 29 age-matched, typically developing individuals (min 5.6 yrs, max 28.5 yrs) using a GAITRite ® walkway system. Velocity, cadence, step length, base of support and double support time were compared between groups. RESULTS Across all tasks, individuals with WFS walked slower (p = 0.03), took shorter (p ≤ 0.001) and wider (p ≤ 0.001) steps and spent a greater proportion of the gait cycle in double support (p = 0.03) compared to TD individuals. Cadence did not differ between groups (p = 0.62). Across all tasks, age was significantly correlated with cadence and double support time in the TD group but only double support time was correlated with age in the WFS group and only during preferred pace forward (rs = 0.564, p = 0.045) and dual task forward walking (rs = 0.720, p = 0.006) tasks. Individuals with WFS also had a greater number of missteps during tandem walking (p ≤ 0.001). Within the WFS group, spatiotemporal measures of gait did not correlate with measures of visual acuity. Balance measures negatively correlated with normalized gait velocity during fast forward walking (rs = -0.59, p = 0.03) and percent of gait cycle in double support during backward walking (rs = -0.64, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Quantifiable gait impairments can be detected in individuals with WFS earlier than previous clinical observations suggested. These impairments are not fully accounted for by the visual or balance deficits associated with WFS, and may be a reflection of early cerebellar and/or brainstem abnormalities. Effective patient-centered treatment paradigms could benefit from a more complete understanding of the progression of motor and other neurological symptom presentation in individuals with WFS.
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