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Zhang Z, Hu X, Sun Y, Lei L, Liu Z. Early inhibition of BRD4 facilitates iPSC reprogramming via accelerating rDNA dynamic expression. BMC Biol 2024; 22:195. [PMID: 39256730 PMCID: PMC11389306 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-024-01997-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND iPSC reprogramming technology exhibits significant promise in the realms of clinical therapeutics, disease modeling, pharmaceutical drug discovery, and various other applications. However, the extensive utilization of this technology has encountered impediments in the form of inefficiency, prolonged procedures, and ambiguous biological processes. Consequently, in order to improve this technology, it is of great significance to delve into the underlying mechanisms involved in iPSC reprogramming. The BET protein BRD4 plays a crucial role in the late stage of reprogramming; however, its precise function in the early stage remains unclear. RESULTS Our study aims to investigate BRD4's role in the early stages of iPSC reprogramming. Our investigation reveals that early inhibition of BRD4 substantially enhances iPSC reprogramming, whereas its implementation during the middle-late stage impedes the process. During the reprogramming, ribosome DNA expression initially increases before decreasing and then gradually recovers. Early inhibition of BRD4 improved the decline and restoration of rDNA expression in the early and middle-late stages, respectively. Additionally, we uncovered the mechanism of BRD4's regulation of rDNA transcription throughout reprogramming. Specifically, BRD4 interacts with UBF and co-localizes to both the rDNA promoter and enhancer regions. Ultimately, BRD4 facilitates rDNA transcription by promoting the enrichment of histone H3 lysine 27 acetylation in the surrounding chromatin. Moreover, we also discovered that early inhibition of BRD4 facilitates cells' transition out of the somatic cell state and activate pluripotent genes. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our results demonstrate that early inhibition of BRD4 promotes sequential dynamic expression of rDNA, which improves iPSC reprogramming efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijing Zhang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Street, Nangang DistrictHeilongjiang Province 150086, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, 31 Mucai Street, Xiangfang DistrictHeilongjiang Province 150030, Harbin, China
| | - Xinglin Hu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Street, Nangang DistrictHeilongjiang Province 150086, Harbin, China
| | - Yuchen Sun
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Street, Nangang DistrictHeilongjiang Province 150086, Harbin, China
| | - Lei Lei
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Street, Nangang DistrictHeilongjiang Province 150086, Harbin, China.
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetic Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, 31 Mucai Street, Xiangfang DistrictHeilongjiang Province 150030, Harbin, China.
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Castro-Pérez E, Singh M, Sadangi S, Mela-Sánchez C, Setaluri V. Connecting the dots: Melanoma cell of origin, tumor cell plasticity, trans-differentiation, and drug resistance. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2023; 36:330-347. [PMID: 37132530 PMCID: PMC10524512 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma, a lethal malignancy that arises from melanocytes, exhibits a multiplicity of clinico-pathologically distinct subtypes in sun-exposed and non-sun-exposed areas. Melanocytes are derived from multipotent neural crest cells and are present in diverse anatomical locations, including skin, eyes, and various mucosal membranes. Tissue-resident melanocyte stem cells and melanocyte precursors contribute to melanocyte renewal. Elegant studies using mouse genetic models have shown that melanoma can arise from either melanocyte stem cells or differentiated pigment-producing melanocytes depending on a combination of tissue and anatomical site of origin and activation of oncogenic mutations (or overexpression) and/or the repression in expression or inactivating mutations in tumor suppressors. This variation raises the possibility that different subtypes of human melanomas (even subsets within each subtype) may also be a manifestation of malignancies of distinct cells of origin. Melanoma is known to exhibit phenotypic plasticity and trans-differentiation (defined as a tendency to differentiate into cell lineages other than the original lineage from which the tumor arose) along vascular and neural lineages. Additionally, stem cell-like properties such as pseudo-epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT-like) transition and expression of stem cell-related genes have also been associated with the development of melanoma drug resistance. Recent studies that employed reprogramming melanoma cells to induced pluripotent stem cells have uncovered potential relationships between melanoma plasticity, trans-differentiation, and drug resistance and implications for cell or origin of human cutaneous melanoma. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the current state of knowledge on melanoma cell of origin and the relationship between tumor cell plasticity and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgardo Castro-Pérez
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Biology of Diseases, Instituto de Investigaciones Científicas y Servicios de Alta Tecnología (INDICASAT-AIP), City of Knowledge, Panama City, Panama
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Panama, Panama City, Panama
| | - Mithalesh Singh
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, U.S.A
| | - Shreyans Sadangi
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, U.S.A
| | - Carmen Mela-Sánchez
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, University of Panama, Panama City, Panama
| | - Vijayasaradhi Setaluri
- Department of Dermatology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, U.S.A
- William S. Middleton VA Hospital, Madison, WI, U.S.A
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Kolenda T, Poter P, Guglas K, Kozłowska-Masłoń J, Braska A, Kazimierczak U, Teresiak A. Biological role and diagnostic utility of ribosomal protein L23a pseudogene 53 in cutaneous melanoma. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2023; 28:255-270. [PMID: 37456695 PMCID: PMC10348336 DOI: 10.5603/rpor.a2023.0030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Skin melanoma is one of the deadliest types of skin cancer and develops from melanocytes. The genetic aberrations in protein-coding genes are well characterized, but little is known about changes in non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) such as pseudogenes. Ribosomal protein pseudogenes (RPPs) have been described as the largest group of pseudogenes which are dispersed in the human genome. Materials and methids We looked deeply at the role of one of them, ribosomal protein L23a pseudogene 53 (RPL23AP53), and its potential diagnostic use. The expression level of RPL23AP53 was profiled in melanoma cell lines using real time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and analyzed based on the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data depending on BRAF status and clinicopathological parameters. Cellular phenotype, which was associated with RPL23AP53 levels, was described based on the REACTOME pathway browser, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) analysis as well as Immune and ESTIMATE Scores. Results We indicted in vitro changes in RPL23AP53 level depending on a cell line, and based on in silico analysis of TCGA samples demonstrated significant differences in RPL23AP53 expression between primary and metastatic melanoma, as well as correlation between RPL23AP53 and overall survival. No differences depending on BRAF status were observed. RPL23AP53 is associated with several signaling pathways and cellular processes. Conclusions This study showed that patients with higher expression of RPL23AP53 displayed changed infiltration of lymphocytes, macrophages, and neutrophils compared to groups with lower expression of RPL23AP53. RPL23AP53 pseudogene is differently expressed in melanoma compared with normal tissue and its expression is associated with cellular proliferation. Thus, it may be considered as an indicator of patients' survival and a marker for the immune profile assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kolenda
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
- Research and Implementation Unit, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
| | - Paulina Poter
- Department of Oncologic Pathology and Prophylaxis, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Kacper Guglas
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
- Research and Implementation Unit, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Joanna Kozłowska-Masłoń
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
- Research and Implementation Unit, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
- Faculty of Biology, Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznań, Poland
| | - Alicja Braska
- Research and Implementation Unit, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
| | - Urszula Kazimierczak
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Teresiak
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
- Research and Implementation Unit, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
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Doxorubicin resistant choriocarcinoma cell line derived spheroidal cells exhibit stem cell markers but reduced invasion. 3 Biotech 2022; 12:184. [PMID: 35875180 PMCID: PMC9300786 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-022-03243-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle-specific cancer chemotherapy is based on the ability of a drug to halt, minimise or destroy rapidly dividing cells. However, their efficacy is limited by the emergence of a self-renewing cell pool called “cancer stem cells” (CSC). Choriocarcinoma is a tumour of trophoblastic tissue. We, in this study, analysed whether spheroids generated from doxorubicin-treated and non-treated choriocarcinoma cell lines exhibit markers of stem cells. Two choriocarcinoma cell lines, namely JEG-3 and BeWo, were used in this study. Spheroids were generated from doxorubicin-treated cells and the non-treated cells under non-adherent condition, followed by analysis of stem-cell markers’ expression, namely NANOG, OCT4 and SOX2. Immunofluorescence analysis suggested a general increase in the markers’ concentration in spheroids relative to the parental cells. RT-qPCR and immunoblots showed an increase in the stem-cell marker expression in spheroids generated from doxorubicin-treated when compared to non-treated cells. In spheroids, Sox2 was significantly upregulated in doxorubicin-treated spheroids, whereas Nanog and Oct4 were generally downregulated when compared to non-treated spheroids. Both 2D and 3D invasion assays showed that the spheroids treated with doxorubicin exhibited reduced invasion. Our data suggest that choriocarcinoma cell lines may have the potential to produce spheroidal cells, yet the drug-treatment affected the invasion potential of spheroids.
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Chelerythrine Chloride Inhibits Stemness of Melanoma Cancer Stem-Like Cells (CSCs) Potentially via Inducing Reactive Oxygen Species and Causing Mitochondria Dysfunction. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4000733. [PMID: 35761835 PMCID: PMC9233603 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4000733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Growing evidence has demonstrated that high heterogeneity contributes to poor prognosis and malignancies. The existence of melanoma cancer stem-like cells (CSCs), which are a small subpopulation of melanoma cells, is responsible for tumour resistance to therapies. Recently, plant secondary metabolites have attracted attention because they are considered promising compounds that are isolated from herbs that could help to target different subpopulations of tumours. In the present study, we aimed to identify the antitumourigenic activities of the medicinal compound chelerythrine chloride (CHE) on melanoma CSCs. CHE (30-40 μmol/L) induced apoptosis in A375 and A2058 CSCs. A relatively low dose of CHE (1-5 μmol/L) inhibited the stemness of melanoma CSCs without inducing apoptosis. Coculture of CHE with A375 and A2058 cells also inhibited sphere formation and decreased stemness factors, including Nanog, Oct4, and Sox2. In functional characterizations, we observed that CHE treatment increased both cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitochondrial ROS, which resulted in a decrease in mitochondrial energy production and sphere formation. Abolishing CHE-induced ROS by N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), a ROS scavenger, reversed the inhibitory effects of CHE on sphere formation, suggesting that CHE-induced ROS are the potential cause of the inhibition of sphere formation. In conclusion, CHE may exert its antitumour effect as an antistem cell natural compound, suggesting that selection of the antistem cell effects of natural compounds might be a promising strategy to overcome the poor prognosis of melanoma due to the presence of CSCs.
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Wang YC, Wang ZJ, Zhang C, Ning BF. Cell reprogramming in liver with potential clinical correlations. J Dig Dis 2022; 23:13-21. [PMID: 34921720 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.13072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The theory of cell reprogramming has developed rapidly during the past decades. Cell reprogramming has been widely used in the construction of experimental models and cytotherapy for certain diseases. Hepatocyte-like cells that are important for the treatment of end-stage liver disease can now be obtained with a variety of reprogramming techniques. However, improving the differentiation status and physiological function of these cells remains challenging. Hepatocytes can transdifferentiate into other types of cells directly, whereas other types of cells can also transdifferentiate into hepatocyte-like cells both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, cell reprogramming is to some extent similar to malignant cell transformation. During the initiation and progression of liver cancer, cell reprogramming is always associated with cancer metastasis and chemoresistance. In this review, we summarized the research related to cell reprogramming in liver and highlighted the potential effects of cell reprogramming in the pathogenesis and treatment of liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Chuan Wang
- Clinical Cancer Institute, Center for Translational Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhi Jie Wang
- Clinical Cancer Institute, Center for Translational Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China
| | - Bei Fang Ning
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Pluripotency Stemness and Cancer: More Questions than Answers. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1376:77-100. [PMID: 34725790 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2021_663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells provided us with fascinating new knowledge in recent years. Mechanistic insight into intricate regulatory circuitry governing pluripotency stemness and disclosing parallels between pluripotency stemness and cancer instigated numerous studies focusing on roles of pluripotency transcription factors, including Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, Nanog, Sall4 and Tfcp2L1, in cancer. Although generally well substantiated as tumour-promoting factors, oncogenic roles of pluripotency transcription factors and their clinical impacts are revealing themselves as increasingly complex. In certain tumours, both Oct4 and Sox2 behave as genuine oncogenes, and reporter genes driven by composite regulatory elements jointly recognized by both the factors can identify stem-like cells in a proportion of tumours. On the other hand, cancer stem cells seem to be biologically very heterogeneous both among different tumour types and among and even within individual tumours. Pluripotency transcription factors are certainly implicated in cancer stemness, but do not seem to encompass its entire spectrum. Certain cancer stem cells maintain their stemness by biological mechanisms completely different from pluripotency stemness, sometimes even by engaging signalling pathways that promote differentiation of pluripotent stem cells. Moreover, while these signalling pathways may well be antithetical to stemness in pluripotent stem cells, they may cooperate with pluripotency factors in cancer stem cells - a paradigmatic example is provided by the MAPK-AP-1 pathway. Unexpectedly, forced expression of pluripotency transcription factors in cancer cells frequently results in loss of their tumour-initiating ability, their phenotypic reversion and partial epigenetic normalization. Besides the very different signalling contexts operating in pluripotent and cancer stem cells, respectively, the pronounced dose dependency of reprogramming pluripotency factors may also contribute to the frequent loss of tumorigenicity observed in induced pluripotent cancer cells. Finally, contradictory cell-autonomous and non-cell-autonomous effects of various signalling molecules operate during pluripotency (cancer) reprogramming. The effects of pluripotency transcription factors in cancer are thus best explained within the concept of cancer stem cell heterogeneity.
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Maiuthed A, Prakhongcheep O, Chanvorachote P. Microarray-based Analysis of Genes, Transcription Factors, and Epigenetic Modifications in Lung Cancer Exposed to Nitric Oxide. Cancer Genomics Proteomics 2021; 17:401-415. [PMID: 32576585 DOI: 10.21873/cgp.20199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Nitric oxide (NO) is recognized as an important biological mediator that exerts several human physiological functions. As its nature is an aqueous soluble gas that can diffuse through cells and tissues, NO can affect cell signaling, the phenotype of cancer and modify surrounding cells. The variety of effects of NO on cancer cell biology has convinced researchers to determine the defined mechanisms of these effects and how to control this mediator for a better understanding as well as for therapeutic gain. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used bioinformatics and pharmacological experiments to elucidate the potential regulation and underlying mechanisms of NO in non-small a lung cancer cell model. RESULTS Using microarrays, we identified a total of 151 NO-regulated genes (80 up-regulated genes, 71 down-regulated genes) with a strong statistically significant difference compared to untreated controls. Among these, the genes activated by a factor of more than five times were: DCBLD2, MGC24975, RAB40AL, PER3, RCN1, MRPL51, PTTG1, KLF5, NFIX. On the other hand, the expression of RBMS2, PDP2, RBAK, ORMDL2, GRPEL2, ZNF514, MTHFD2, POLR2D, RCBTB1, JOSD1, RPS27, GPR4 genes were significantly decreased by a factor of more than five times. Bioinformatics further revealed that NO exposure of lung cancer cells resulted in a change in transcription factors (TFs) and epigenetic modifications (histone modification and miRNA). Interestingly, NO treatment was shown to potentiate cancer stem cell-related genes and transcription factors Oct4, Klf4, and Myc. CONCLUSION Through this comprehensive approach, the present study illustrated the scheme of how NO affects molecular events in lung cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnatchai Maiuthed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Ornjira Prakhongcheep
- Cell-based Drug and Health Product Development Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pithi Chanvorachote
- Cell-based Drug and Health Product Development Research Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand .,Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Hassan G, Afify SM, Du J, Seno A, Seno M. Availability of Pluripotent Stem Cells from Normal Cells in Cancer Science. Stem Cells 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-77052-5_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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10
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Czerwinska P, Jaworska AM, Wlodarczyk NA, Mackiewicz AA. Melanoma Stem Cell-Like Phenotype and Significant Suppression of Immune Response within a Tumor Are Regulated by TRIM28 Protein. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2998. [PMID: 33076560 PMCID: PMC7650661 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12102998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
TRIM28 emerged as a guard of the intrinsic "state of cell differentiation", facilitating self-renewal of pluripotent stem cells. Recent reports imply TRIM28 engagement in cancer stem cell (CSC) maintenance, although the exact mechanism remains unresolved. TRIM28 high expression is associated with worse melanoma patient outcomes. Here, we investigated the association between TRIM28 level and melanoma stemness, and aligned it with the antitumor immune response to find the mechanism of "stemness high/immune low" melanoma phenotype acquisition. Based on the SKCM TCGA data, the TRIM28 expression profile, clinicopathological features, expression of correlated genes, and the level of stemness and immune scores were analyzed in patient samples. The biological function for differentially expressed genes was annotated with GSEA. Results were validated with additional datasets from R2: Genomics Analysis and Visualization Platform and in vitro with a panel of seven melanoma cell lines. All statistical analyses were accomplished using GraphPad Prism 8. TRIM28HIGH-expressing melanoma patients are characterized by worse outcomes and significantly different gene expression profiles than the TRIM28NORM cohort. TRIM28 high level related to higher melanoma stemness as measured with several distinct scores and TRIM28HIGH-expressing melanoma cell lines possess the greater potential of melanosphere formation. Moreover, TRIM28HIGH melanoma tumors were significantly depleted with infiltrating immune cells, especially cytotoxic T cells, helper T cells, and B cells. Furthermore, TRIM28 emerged as a good predictor of "stemness high/immune low" melanoma phenotype. Our data indicate that TRIM28 might facilitate this phenotype by direct repression of interferon signaling. TRIM28 emerged as a direct link between stem cell-like phenotype and attenuated antitumor immune response in melanoma, although further studies are needed to evaluate the direct mechanism of TRIM28-mediated stem-like phenotype acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Czerwinska
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 15 Garbary St., 61-866 Poznan, Poland; (A.M.J.); (N.A.W.)
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15 Garbary St., 61-866 Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Maria Jaworska
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 15 Garbary St., 61-866 Poznan, Poland; (A.M.J.); (N.A.W.)
| | - Nikola Agata Wlodarczyk
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 15 Garbary St., 61-866 Poznan, Poland; (A.M.J.); (N.A.W.)
| | - Andrzej Adam Mackiewicz
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 15 Garbary St., 61-866 Poznan, Poland; (A.M.J.); (N.A.W.)
- Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, 15 Garbary St., 61-866 Poznan, Poland
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Kolenda T, Guglas K, Baranowski D, Sobocińska J, Kopczyńska M, Teresiak A, Bliźniak R, Lamperska K. cfRNAs as biomarkers in oncology - still experimental or applied tool for personalized medicine already? Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2020; 25:783-792. [PMID: 32904167 PMCID: PMC7451588 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, the challenges of contemporary oncology are focused mainly on the development of personalized medicine and precise treatment, which could be achieved through the use of molecular biomarkers. One of the biological molecules with great potential are circulating free RNAs (cfRNAs) which are present in various types of body fluids, such as blood, serum, plasma, and saliva. Also, different types of cfRNA particles can be distinguished depending on their length and function: microRNA (miRNA), PIWI-interacting RNA (piRNA), tRNA-derived RNA fragments (tRFs), circular RNA (circRNA), long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), and messenger RNA (mRNA). Moreover, cfRNAs occur in various forms: as a free molecule alone, in membrane vesicles, such as exosomes, or in complexes with proteins and lipids. One of the modern approaches for monitoring patient's condition is a "liquid biopsy" that provides a non-invasive and easily available source of circulating RNAs. Both the presence of specific cfRNA types as well as their concentration are dependent on many factors including cancer type or even reaction to treatment. Despite the possibility of using circulating free RNAs as biomarkers, there is still a lack of validated diagnostic panels, defined protocols for sampling, storing as well as detection methods. In this work we examine different types of cfRNAs, evaluate them as possible biomarkers, and analyze methods of their detection. We believe that further research on cfRNA and defining diagnostic panels could lead to better and faster cancer identification and improve treatment monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Kolenda
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Kacper Guglas
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Dawid Baranowski
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Sobocińska
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Magda Kopczyńska
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Anna Teresiak
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
| | - Renata Bliźniak
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
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Jaworska AM, Wlodarczyk NA, Mackiewicz A, Czerwinska P. The role of TRIM family proteins in the regulation of cancer stem cell self-renewal. Stem Cells 2019; 38:165-173. [PMID: 31664748 PMCID: PMC7027504 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The tripartite-motif (TRIM) family of proteins represents one of the largest classes of putative single protein RING-finger E3 ubiquitin ligases. The members of this family are characterized by an N-terminal TRIM motif containing one RING-finger domain, one or two zinc-finger domains called B boxes (B1 box and B2 box), and a coiled-coil region. The TRIM motif can be found in isolation or in combination with a variety of C-terminal domains, and based on C-terminus, TRIM proteins are classified into 11 distinct groups. Because of the complex nature of TRIM proteins, they are implicated in a variety of cellular functions and biological processes, including regulation of cell proliferation, cell division and developmental processes, cancer transformation, regulation of cell metabolism, autophagocytosis, modification of chromatin status, regulation of gene transcription, post-translational modifications, and interactions with pathogens. Here, we demonstrate the specific activities of TRIM family proteins that contribute to the cancer stem cell phenotype. A growing body of evidence demonstrates that several TRIM members guarantee the acquisition of stem cell properties and the ability to sustain stem-like phenotype by cancer cells using distinct mechanisms. For other members, further work is needed to understand their full contribution to stem cell self-renewal. Identification of TRIM proteins that possess the potential to serve as therapeutic targets may result in the development of new therapeutic strategies. Finally, these strategies may result in the disruption of the machinery of stemness acquisition, which may prevent tumor growth, progression, and overcome the resistance to anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Maria Jaworska
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Nikola Agata Wlodarczyk
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Andrzej Mackiewicz
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
| | - Patrycja Czerwinska
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Cancer Diagnostics and Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
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Czerwińska P, Mazurek S, Kołodziejczak I, Wiznerowicz M. Gene delivery methods and genome editing of human pluripotent stem cells. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2019; 24:180-187. [PMID: 30820192 DOI: 10.1016/j.rpor.2019.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells derived from normal somatic cells could be utilized to study tumorigenesis through overexpression of specific oncogenes, downregulation of tumor suppressors and dysregulation of other factors thought to promote tumorigenesis. Therefore, effective approaches that provide direct modifications of induced pluripotent stem cell genome are extremely needed. Emerging strategies are expected to provide the ability to more effectively introduce diverse genetic alterations, from as small as single-nucleotide modifications to whole gene amplification or deletion, all with a high degree of target specificity. To date, several techniques have been applied in stem cell studies to directly edit cell genome (ZFNs, TALENs or CRISPR/Cas9). In this review, we summarize specific gene delivery strategies that were applied to stem cell studies together with genome editing techniques, which enable a direct modification of endogenous DNA sequences in the context of cancer studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrycja Czerwińska
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Sylwia Mazurek
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.,Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Iga Kołodziejczak
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Maciej Wiznerowicz
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Diagnostics and Cancer Immunology, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland.,Department of Cancer Immunology, Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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