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Hsu CY, Chen LS, Chang IJ, Fang WC, Huang SW, Lin RH, Ueng SWN, Chuang HH. Can Anthropometry and Body Composition Explain Physical Fitness Levels in School-Aged Children? CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 8:460. [PMID: 34072785 PMCID: PMC8229107 DOI: 10.3390/children8060460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Physical fitness (PF) is closely related to various health outcomes and quality of life among children. However, the associations between anthropometry, body composition (BC), and PF are not fully elucidated. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate the associations between demographic metrics (age, sex), anthropometric measures (body mass index z-score (BMI z-score) waist/height ratio (WHtR)), BC parameters (body-fat percentage (BF%), muscle weight), and PF levels (800-m run, sit-and-reach, 1-min sit-ups, standing long jump) in school-aged children. Continuous variables were dichotomized by median splits. The results of 180 girls and 180 boys (mean age: 10.0 ± 0.7 years; mean BMI z-score: 0.366 ± 1.216) were analyzed. Multivariable linear regressions revealed that BF% (regression coefficient (B) = 3.4, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.5-4.3) was independently correlated with the 800-m run. Sex (B = 4.6, 95% CI = 3.0-6.3), age (B = 3.1, 95% CI = 1.9-4.3), and BMI z-score (B = -0.7, 95% CI = -1.4--0.1) were independently related to sit-and-reach. Age (B = 3.3, 95% CI = 2.0-4.7), BF% (B = -0.3, 95% CI = -0.4--0.2), and muscle weight (B = 0.7, 95% CI = 0.2-1.2) were independently associated with 1-min sit-ups. In addition to demography, anthropometry and BC provided additional information concerning some PF levels in school-aged children. Weight management and PF promotion should be addressed simultaneously in terms of preventive medicine and health promotion for children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Yu Hsu
- Department of Family Medicine, Linkou and Taipei Branches, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (C.-Y.H.); (L.-S.C.); (I.-J.C.); (W.-C.F.)
| | - Liang-Sien Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, Linkou and Taipei Branches, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (C.-Y.H.); (L.-S.C.); (I.-J.C.); (W.-C.F.)
| | - I-Jen Chang
- Department of Family Medicine, Linkou and Taipei Branches, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (C.-Y.H.); (L.-S.C.); (I.-J.C.); (W.-C.F.)
| | - Wei-Ching Fang
- Department of Family Medicine, Linkou and Taipei Branches, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (C.-Y.H.); (L.-S.C.); (I.-J.C.); (W.-C.F.)
| | - Sun-Weng Huang
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (S.-W.H.); (R.-H.L.)
- Graduate Institute of Urban Planning, College of Public Affairs, National Taipei University, New Taipei City 23741, Taiwan
| | - Rong-Ho Lin
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (S.-W.H.); (R.-H.L.)
| | - Steve Wen-Neng Ueng
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Linkou Main Branch, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
| | - Hai-Hua Chuang
- Department of Family Medicine, Linkou and Taipei Branches, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (C.-Y.H.); (L.-S.C.); (I.-J.C.); (W.-C.F.)
- Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (S.-W.H.); (R.-H.L.)
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan;
- Obesity Institute, Geisinger, Danville, PA 17837, USA
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Ferreira MS, Marson FAL, Wolf VLW, Ribeiro JD, Mendes RT. Lung function in obese children and adolescents without respiratory disease: a systematic review. BMC Pulm Med 2020; 20:281. [PMID: 33115462 PMCID: PMC7594270 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-020-01306-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity in children and adolescents is associated with increased morbidity and mortality due to multisystemic impairment, including deleterious changes in lung function, which are poorly understood. OBJECTIVES To perform a systematic review to assess lung function in children and adolescents affected by obesity and to verify the presence of pulmonary changes due to obesity in individuals without previous or current respiratory diseases. METHODS A systematic search was performed in the MEDLINE-PubMed (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online), Embase (Excerpta Medica Database) and VHL (Virtual Health Library/Brazil) databases using the terms "Lung Function" and "Pediatric Obesity" and their corresponding synonyms in each database. A period of 10 years was considered, starting in February/2008. After the application of the filters, 33 articles were selected. Using the PICOS strategy, the following information was achieved: (Patient) children and adolescents; (Intervention/exposure) obesity; (Control) healthy children and adolescents; (Outcome) pulmonary function alterations; (Studies) randomized controlled trial, longitudinal studies (prospective and retrospective studies), cross-over studies and cross-sectional studies. RESULTS Articles from 18 countries were included. Spirometry was the most widely used tool to assess lung function. There was high variability in lung function values, with a trend towards reduced lung function markers (FEV1/FVC, FRC, ERV and RV) in obese children and adolescents. CONCLUSION Lung function, measured by several tools, shows numerous markers with contradictory alterations. Differences concerning the reported results of lung function do not allow us to reach a consensus on lung function changes in children and adolescents with obesity, highlighting the need for more publications on this topic with a standardized methodology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Simões Ferreira
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medical Sciences, Unicamp, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz - Barão Geraldo, 126, Campinas, 13083-887 São Paulo Brazil
| | - Fernando Augusto Lima Marson
- Department of Pediatrics and Center of Investigation in Pediatrics, Laboratory of Lung Function, School of Medical Sciences, Unicamp, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz - Barão Geraldo, 126, Campinas, 13083-887 São Paulo Brazil
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Unicamp, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz - Barão Geraldo, 126, Campinas, 13083-887 São Paulo Brazil
- Postgraduate Program in Health Science, Laboratory of Human and Medical Genetics and Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology and Bioactive Compounds, São Francisco University, Avenida São Francisco de Assis, Jardim São José, 218, Bragança Paulista, 12916-900 São Paulo Brazil
| | - Vaneza Lira Waldow Wolf
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medical Sciences, Unicamp, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz - Barão Geraldo, 126, Campinas, 13083-887 São Paulo Brazil
| | - José Dirceu Ribeiro
- Department of Medical Genetics and Genomic Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Unicamp, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz - Barão Geraldo, 126, Campinas, 13083-887 São Paulo Brazil
| | - Roberto Teixeira Mendes
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medical Sciences, Unicamp, Rua Tessália Vieira de Camargo, Cidade Universitária Zeferino Vaz - Barão Geraldo, 126, Campinas, 13083-887 São Paulo Brazil
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Pazini F, Pietta-Dias C, Roncada C. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SCHOOLCHILDREN'S LEVELS OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, ANTHROPOMETRIC INDICES AND PULMONARY FUNCTION. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 39:e2019189. [PMID: 32578668 PMCID: PMC7309578 DOI: 10.1590/1984-0462/2021/39/2019189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To evaluate and to correlate levels of physical activity with the pulmonary
function of children with and without a diagnosis of asthma. Methods: This study was conducted in two phases with schoolchildren aged between
eight and 16 years old in Porto Alegre/RS. In the first phase (cross
sectional), the sample was classified as asthmatic if a physician had ever
diagnosed them with asthma and if they reported symptoms and treatment for
the disease in the past 12 months. In the second phase (control-case), the
following were measured: anthropometry, physical activity levels, time spent
in front of screens, and lung function (spirometry). Data are presented in
mean and standard deviation or median and interquartile interval and by
absolute and relative values. Chi-square, Student’s t-test or Mann-Whitney
test and Spearman correlation were applied, with p<0.05 being
significant. Results: 605 students participated in the study, 290 children with a clinical
diagnosis of asthma and 315 classified as a control. 280 (47.3%) were male
children, with an average age of 11.0±2.3 years old. The spirometric values
showed differences in the classifications of airway obstruction levels
between the asthma and control groups (p=0.005), as well as in the response
to bronchodilator use for FEV1/FVC (p=0.023). In the correlation assessment,
there was no correlation between physical activity with anthropometric
values, nor with pulmonary function, pre-and post-bronchodilator. Conclusions: The study demonstrates that there is no relationship between either
anthropometric values or physical activity levels with pulmonary function of
asthmatic children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Pazini
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Cristian Roncada
- Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Variants in ADIPOQ gene are linked to adiponectin levels and lung function in young males independent of obesity. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0225662. [PMID: 31978107 PMCID: PMC6980555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0225662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is a major risk factor for many chronic diseases, including reduced lung function. The role of polymorphisms of the adiponectin gene, though linked with cardiometabolic consequences of obesity, has not been studied in relation to lung function. Objectives The aim of this study is to examine polymorphisms in the ADIPOQ, ADIPOR1, and ADIPOR2 genes in relation to adiponectin serum levels, BMI, and adiposity in 18-year old Cypriot males, as well as determine whether BMI, adipokines levels and polymorphisms in adipokine related genes are associated with lung function levels. Results From the participants, 8% were classified as obese, 22% as overweight, and the remaining 71% as normal. We found that rs266729 and rs1501299 in ADIPOQ and rs10920531 in ADIPOR1 were significantly associated with serum adiponectin levels, after adjusting for ever smoking. In addition, there was an overall significant increase in FEV1% predicted with increasing BMI (β = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.27, 0.78) and in FVC % predicted (β = 1.02, 95% CI: 0.73, 1.30). There was also a decrease in FEV1/FVC with increasing BMI (β = -0.53, 95% CI: -0.71, -0.35). Finally, rs1501299 was associated with lung function measures. Discussion Functional variants in the ADIPOQ gene were linked with lung function in young males. Further studies should concentrate on the role of adipokines on lung function which may direct novel therapeutic approaches.
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Wang Y, Yang F, Wang D, Zhao H, Ma Z, Ma P, Hu X, Wang S, Kang X, Gao B. Correlation analysis between the pulmonary function test and the radiological parameters of the main right thoracic curve in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Orthop Surg Res 2019; 14:443. [PMID: 31842920 PMCID: PMC6915929 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-019-1451-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Scoliosis causes thoracic deformities, and it is necessary to assess these changes in pulmonary function test (PFT). To determine how measurements of spinal and thoracic cage deformities are related to pulmonary function. Methods Seventy-two patients with main right thoracic curvature in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) underwent a PFT and a radiological parameter evaluation of spinal and thoracic cage deformities. Simple and multiple linear regressions were also used to note whether a combination of variables might better predict PFT values. Means were compared using the two-sample t test or one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison methods. Results Forced vital capacity (FVC)% predicted had significantly negative correlations with main thoracic curve Cobb (MT-Cobb) (R2 = 0.648, p < 0.001), main thoracic curve-rib hump (MT-RH) (R2 = 0.522, p < 0.001), main thoracic curve apical vertebral body-to-rib ratio (MT-AVB-R) (R2 = 0.536, p < 0.001), and main thoracic curve apical vertebra translation (MT-AVT) (R2 = 0.383, p < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis was performed with FVC% predicted as the dependent variable and MT-Cobb, MT-RH, MT-AVB-R, and MT-AVT as the independent variables. MT-Cobb, MT-RH, MT-AVB-R, and MT-AVT were factors with a significant effect on FVC% predicted (p < 0.001). For 45 patients who had preoperative FVC impairment (FVC% predicted < 80%), their MT-Cobb averaged 76.71°. Twenty-seven patients with normal preoperative FVC (FVC% predicted ≥ 80%) had a smaller mean MT-Cobb of 52.03° (p < 0.001). In other radiological parameters, the impaired FVC group had a MT-AVT of 54.29 mm compared to 38.06 mm for the normal FVC group (p < 0.001). MT-AVB-R averaged 2.92 for the impaired FVC group and 1.78 for the normal FVC group (p < 0.001). MT-RH averaged 28.79 mm for the impaired group and 16.62 mm for the normal group (p < 0.001). Further stratification of preoperative PFT results is divided into three groups. The three groups also showed significant differences in MT-Cobb, MT-RH, MT-AVB-R, and MT-AVT (p < 0.001). Conclusion Severe scoliosis leads to an increased degree of thoracic deformity, which increases the risk of lung damage in AIS. Moreover, a more accurate assessment of pulmonary function is achieved through radiological parameters and PFTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonggang Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu Province, China.,Lanzhou University, No. 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China.,The International Cooperation Base of Gansu Province for the Pain Research in Spinal Disorders, No. 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Fengguang Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu Province, China.,Lanzhou University, No. 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China.,The International Cooperation Base of Gansu Province for the Pain Research in Spinal Disorders, No. 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Dongmin Wang
- Medical College of Northwest Minzu University, No. 1 Northwest xincun, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu Province, China
| | - Haiyan Zhao
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, No.1 Donggang West Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Zhanjun Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu Province, China.,Lanzhou University, No. 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China.,The International Cooperation Base of Gansu Province for the Pain Research in Spinal Disorders, No. 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Peifen Ma
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu Province, China.,Lanzhou University, No. 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China.,The International Cooperation Base of Gansu Province for the Pain Research in Spinal Disorders, No. 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xuchang Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu Province, China.,Lanzhou University, No. 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China.,The International Cooperation Base of Gansu Province for the Pain Research in Spinal Disorders, No. 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Shixiong Wang
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu Province, China.,Lanzhou University, No. 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China
| | - Xuewen Kang
- Department of Orthopedics, Orthopedics Key Laboratory of Gansu Province, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu Province, China. .,Lanzhou University, No. 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China. .,The International Cooperation Base of Gansu Province for the Pain Research in Spinal Disorders, No. 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China.
| | - Bingren Gao
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, No. 82 Cuiyingmen, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu Province, China. .,Lanzhou University, No. 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu Province, China.
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Snow SJ, Phillips PM, Ledbetter A, Johnstone AF, Schladweiler MC, Gordon CJ, Kodavanti UP. The influence of maternal and perinatal high-fat diet on ozone-induced pulmonary responses in offspring. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART A 2019; 82:86-98. [PMID: 30755101 PMCID: PMC10926063 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2018.1564101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
There is growing interest in understanding how maternal diet might affect the sensitivity of offspring to environmental exposures. Previous studies demonstrated that adult rat offspring (approximately 6-months-old) from dams given a high-fat diet (HFD) prior to, during, and after pregnancy displayed elevated pulmonary responses to an acute ozone (O3) exposure. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of maternal and perinatal HFD on pulmonary and metabolic responses to O3 in male and female young-adult offspring (approximately 3-month old). One-month-old F0 female Long-Evans rats commenced HFD (60% kcal from fat) or control diet (CD; 10.5% kcal from fat) and were bred on PND 72. Offspring were maintained on respective HFD or CD until PND 29 when all groups were switched to CD. The 3-months-old female and male offspring (n = 10/group) were exposed to air or 0.8 ppm O3 for 5hr/day for 2 consecutive days. Maternal and perinatal HFD significantly increased body weight and body fat % in offspring regardless of gender. Ozone exposure, but not maternal and perinatal diet, induced hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance in the offspring. Ozone-induced alterations in pulmonary function were exacerbated by maternal and perinatal HFD in both offspring genders. Pulmonary injury/inflammation markers in response to O3 exposure such as bronchoalveolar lavage fluid total protein, lactate dehydrogenase, total cells, and neutrophils were further augmented in offspring (males>females) from dams fed the HFD. Data suggest that maternal and perinatal HFD may enhance the susceptibility of offspring to O3-induced pulmonary injury and that these effects may be sex-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha J. Snow
- Environmental Public Health Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Pamela M. Phillips
- Toxicity Assessment Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Allen Ledbetter
- Environmental Public Health Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Andrew F.M. Johnstone
- Toxicity Assessment Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mette C. Schladweiler
- Environmental Public Health Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christopher J. Gordon
- Toxicity Assessment Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Urmila P. Kodavanti
- Environmental Public Health Division, US Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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Jones MH, Roncada C, Fernandes MTC, Heinzmann-Filho JP, Sarria Icaza EE, Mattiello R, Pitrez PMC, Pinto LA, Stein RT. Asthma and Obesity in Children Are Independently Associated with Airway Dysanapsis. Front Pediatr 2017; 5:270. [PMID: 29326908 PMCID: PMC5741591 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2017.00270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An increase in the prevalence of overweight and asthma has been observed. Both conditions affect negatively lung function in adults and children. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of overweight and asthma on lung function in children. METHODS We designed a case-control study of healthy and asthmatic subjects nested within an epidemiological asthma prevalence study in children between 8 and 16 years of age. The effect of asthma and overweight on lung function was assessed by impulse oscillometry and spirometry obtained at baseline and 10-15 min after salbutamol. RESULTS 188 children were recruited, 114 (61%) were asthmatics and 72 (38%) were overweight or obese. Children with asthma and overweight had a higher FVC (+1.16 z scores, p < 0.001) and higher FEV1 (+0.79 z scores, p = 0.004) and lower FEV1/FVC (-0.54 z scores, p = 0.008) when compared to healthy controls. Compared to normal weight asthmatics, the overweight had higher FVC (+0.78 z scores, p = 0.005) and lower FEV1/FVC (-0.50 z scores, p = 0.007). In the multivariate analysis, overweight was associated with an increase of 0.71 and 0.44 z scores in FVC and FEV1, respectively, and a reduction in FEV1/FVC by 0.40 z scores (p < 0.01 for all). Overweight had no effect on maximal flows and airway resistance at baseline, and this was not modified by inhalation of a bronchodilator. Asthma was also associated with higher post-BD FVC (0.45 z scores, p = 0.012) and FEV1 (0.35 z scores, p = 0.034) but not with FEV1/FVC and FEF25-75%. Two-way analysis of variance did not detect any interaction between asthma and overweight on lung function variables before or after bronchodilator. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that asthma and overweight are independently associated with airway dysanaptic growth in children which can be further scrutinized using impulse oscillometry. Overweight contributed more to the reduction in FEV1/FVC than asthma in children without increasing airway resistance. Spirometry specificity and sensitivity for obstructive diseases may be reduced in populations with high prevalence of overweight. Adding impedance oscillometry to spirometry improves our understanding of the ventilatory abnormalities in overweight children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus H Jones
- Laboratory of Respiratory Physiology, Infant Center, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Cristian Roncada
- Laboratory of Respiratory Physiology, Infant Center, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Morgana Thais Carollo Fernandes
- Laboratory of Respiratory Physiology, Infant Center, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,School of Nursing, Centro Universitário Ritter dos Reis, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - João Paulo Heinzmann-Filho
- Laboratory of Respiratory Physiology, Infant Center, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | | | - Rita Mattiello
- Laboratory of Respiratory Physiology, Infant Center, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Paulo Marcio C Pitrez
- Laboratory of Respiratory Physiology, Infant Center, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Leonardo A Pinto
- Laboratory of Respiratory Physiology, Infant Center, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Renato T Stein
- Laboratory of Respiratory Physiology, Infant Center, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
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