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González-Arostegui LG, Muñoz-Prieto A, Tvarijonaviciute A, Cerón JJ, Rubio CP. Measurement of Redox Biomarkers in the Whole Blood and Red Blood Cell Lysates of Dogs. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020424. [PMID: 35204305 PMCID: PMC8869394 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The evaluation of the biomarkers of oxidative status is usually performed in serum, however, other samples, such as red blood cells (RBCs) lysates or whole blood (WB), can be used. The objective of this study was to evaluate if a comprehensive panel of redox biomarkers can be measured in the WB and RBCs of dogs, and their possible changes “in vitro” after the addition of different concentrations of ascorbic acid. The panel was integrated by biomarkers of the antioxidant status, such as cupric reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), thiol and paraoxonase type 1 (PON-1), and of the oxidant status, such as total oxidant status (TOS), peroxide-activity (POX-Act), reactive oxygen-derived compounds (d-ROMs), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). All the assays were precise and accurate in WB and RBCs lysates. In addition, they showed changes after ascorbic acid addition that are in line with previously published results, being WB more sensitive to detect these changes in our experimental conditions. In conclusion, the panel of assays used in this study can be measured in the WB and RBCs of the dog. In particular, the higher sensitivity to detect changes in our experimental conditions and its easier sample preparation makes WB a promising sample for the evaluation of redox status in dogs, with also potential applications to other animal species and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis G. González-Arostegui
- Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (L.G.G.-A.); (A.M.-P.); (A.T.); (J.J.C.)
| | - Alberto Muñoz-Prieto
- Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (L.G.G.-A.); (A.M.-P.); (A.T.); (J.J.C.)
- Clinic for Internal Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Zagreb, Heinzelova 55, 1000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Asta Tvarijonaviciute
- Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (L.G.G.-A.); (A.M.-P.); (A.T.); (J.J.C.)
| | - José Joaquín Cerón
- Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence “Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain; (L.G.G.-A.); (A.M.-P.); (A.T.); (J.J.C.)
| | - Camila Peres Rubio
- Department of Animal and Food Science, School of Veterinary Science, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
- Correspondence:
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Joshi V, Dimri U, Gopalakrishnan A, Bhanuprakash AG, Gupta VK. Porcine scabies induces marked apoptosis, increased pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1, TNF-α and shedding of ICAM-1. Parasite Immunol 2021; 43:e12878. [PMID: 34559899 DOI: 10.1111/pim.12878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/05/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scabies is one of the leading causes of morbidity in pigs worldwide. Limited data are available regarding the role of immune reactions in the development of porcine scabies. MATERIALS AND METHODS The aim of this study was to investigate key pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, TNF-α), soluble variant of adhesion molecule ICAM-1 and mite-mediated apoptosis of peripheral leukocytes in 20 pigs with scabies, in addition to 10 healthy controls. The pigs with at least three typical clinical signs and found positive for Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis in microscopy were recruited for the present study. RESULTS IL-1 acted as the major pro-inflammatory cytokine as serum IL-1 concentrations showed significantly (p < .05) higher levels (7-fold increase) in cases than in controls. The minor cytokine TNF-α was 4-fold higher during scabies, and its mean serum concentration was significantly increased (p < .05) in cases when compared to healthy controls. Soluble ICAM-1 levels were significantly higher (p < .05) in all the pigs of infested group compared with the controls. The percentage of apoptotic and necrotic leukocytes was found to be significantly higher (p < .05) in scabies positive pigs as compared to the healthy controls. CONCLUSION It is concluded that systemic elevation in pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1 and TNF-α, shedding of soluble ICAM-1 variant in peripheral blood and increased rate of host-cell apoptosis in peripheral leukocytes might be implicated in the immunopathology of naturally acquired porcine scabies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Joshi
- Division of Medicine, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Animal Health Section, ICAR-National Research Centre on Mithun, Medziphema, Dimapur, Nagaland, India
| | - Umesh Dimri
- Division of Medicine, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Arumugam Gopalakrishnan
- Division of Medicine, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.,Resident Veterinary Services Section, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Vinod Kumar Gupta
- Division of Medicine, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Salih NA, AL-Baggou BK. Effect of Memantine Hydrochloride on Cisplatin-induced Toxicity
with Special Reference to Renal Alterations in Mice. INT J PHARMACOL 2019. [DOI: 10.3923/ijp.2019.189.199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abstract
During microbial infections, both innate and adaptive immunity are activated. Viruses and bacteria usually induce an acute inflammation in the first setting of infection, which helps the eliciting an effective immune response. In contrast, macroparasites such as helminths are a highly successful group of invaders known to be capable of maintaining a chronic infestation with the minimum instigation. Undoubtedly, generating such an immunoregulatory environment requires the exploitation of various immunosuppressive mechanisms to debilitate host immunity supporting their survival and replication. Several mechanisms have been recognized whereby helminths prolong their infections including an increase of immunoregulatory cells, inhibition of Th1 or Th2 responses, targeting pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) and lowering the immune cells quantity via induction of apoptosis. Apoptosis is a programmed intracellular process involving a series of consecutive downstream signalling event evolved to cell death. It plays a pivotal role in several immunological reactions in particular deletion of autoreactive immune cells. Helminth-triggered apoptosis in immune cells exhausts host immunity, which paves the way for generating a permissive environment and chronic infection. This review provides a compilation of recent investigations discussing the apoptotic mechanisms exploited by different worms and the immunological consequences of immune cell death. Finally, the anti-cancer effects of some worm-derived molecules due to their apoptotic effects are discussed, highlighting as potentially druggable candidates to combat cancer.
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Rath PK, Panda SK, Mishra BP, Patra RC, Nath I. Thoracic radiography and oxidative stress indices in heartworm affected dogs. Vet World 2014. [DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2014.689-692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Souza CC, Barreto TDO, da Silva SM, Pinto AWJ, Figueiredo MM, Rocha OGF, Cangussú SD, Tafuri WL. A potential link among antioxidant enzymes, histopathology and trace elements in canine visceral leishmaniasis. Int J Exp Pathol 2014; 95:260-70. [PMID: 24766461 PMCID: PMC4170968 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is a severe and fatal systemic chronic inflammatory disease. We investigated the alterations in, and potential associations among, antioxidant enzymes, trace elements and histopathology in CVL. Blood and tissue levels of Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase were measured in mixed-breed dogs naturally infected with Leishmania infantum chagasi, symptomatic (n = 19) and asymptomatic (n = 11). Serum levels of copper, iron, zinc, selenium and nitric oxide, and plasma lipid peroxidation were measured. Histological and morphometric analyses were conducted of lesions in liver, spleen and lymph nodes. We found lower blood catalase and glutathione peroxidase activity to be correlated with lower iron and selenium respectively. However, higher activity of Cu-Zn superoxide dismutase was not correlated with the increase in copper and decreased in zinc observed in infected animals compared to controls. Organ tissue was characterized by lower enzyme activity in infected dogs than in controls, but this was not correlated with trace elements. Lipid peroxidation was higher in symptomatic than in asymptomatic and control dogs and was associated with lesions such as chronic inflammatory reaction, congestion, haemosiderin and fibrosis. Systemic iron deposition was observed primarily in the symptomatic dogs showing a higher tissue parasite load. Dogs with symptomatic CVL displayed enhanced LPO and Fe tissue deposition associated with decreased levels of antioxidant enzymes. These results showed new points in the pathology of CVL and might open new treatment perspectives associated with antioxidants and the role of iron in the pathogenesis of CVL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina C Souza
- Departamento de Patologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brasil
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Vieira AL, Vieira MJ, Oliveira JM, Simões AR, Diez-Baños P, Gestal J. Prevalence of canine heartworm (Dirofilaria immitis) disease in dogs of central Portugal. Parasite 2014; 21:5. [PMID: 24534524 PMCID: PMC3927308 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2014003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors concerning Dirofilaria immitis infection in dogs from Figueira da Foz, located in the central region of Portugal. In the period between November 2009 and January 2011, 304 blood samples were obtained from dogs over 1 year of age, with no previous history of heartworm prevention or diagnosis. Every blood sample was analyzed using varied laboratory techniques (direct microscopic evaluation of a fresh blood sample, the modified Knott technique, and the ELISA antigen detection test - IDEXX Snapp®). In the samples in which microfilaremia was detected, a histochemical technique using acid phosphatase staining was applied to identify the species of microfilariae. A total prevalence of 27.3% (83 out of 304) was found. We also found that 73.5% of all positive cases (61 out of 83) were microfilaremic, and 26.5% were occult infections (22 out of 83). By means of a histochemical technique Dirofilaria immitis was identified in 96.7% of microfilaremic samples. A multivariate model allowed us to identify the following risk factors for the presence of heartworm disease: age between 4 and 9 years, dogs living in a rural environment, large breed dogs, and living outdoors. This study shows for the first time the high prevalence of heartworm disease in a central area of Portugal and emphasizes the importance of systematic screening for this disease, as well as the need to prevent it in dogs in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Luísa Vieira
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Clinicão – Hospital Veterinário 3080
Figueira da Foz Portugal
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EUVG – Escola Universitária Vasco da Gama 3000
Coimbra Portugal
| | - Maria João Vieira
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Clinicão – Hospital Veterinário 3080
Figueira da Foz Portugal
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EUVG – Escola Universitária Vasco da Gama 3000
Coimbra Portugal
| | - João Manuel Oliveira
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Clinicão – Hospital Veterinário 3080
Figueira da Foz Portugal
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EUVG – Escola Universitária Vasco da Gama 3000
Coimbra Portugal
| | - Ana Rita Simões
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Clinicão – Hospital Veterinário 3080
Figueira da Foz Portugal
| | - Pablo Diez-Baños
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Catedrático de Universidad. Sanidad Animal. Grupo Investigación Sanidad Animal de Galicia (INVESAGA). Animal Pathology Department, Parasitology and Parasitic Disease. Facultad de Veterinaria de Lugo, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela 27002
Lugo España
| | - Juan Gestal
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Catedrático Jefe del Servicio de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública del Hospital Clínico Universitario, Facultad de Medicina y Odontología, Universidade de Santiago Compostela España
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Coordinador del Grupo de Santiago de Compostela del Centro de Investigación Biológica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), y del grupo de Epidemiología del Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IDIS) de Santiago de Compostela 15782
Santiago Compostela Spain
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