1
|
Kanagathara N, Thanigaiarasu V, Ragavendran V, Marchewka M, Saravanan L, Lo AY. Quantum computational investigation into structural, spectroscopic, topological and electronic properties of L-histidinium-L-tartrate hemihydrate: Nonlinear optical organic single crystal. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14879. [PMID: 37025852 PMCID: PMC10070154 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
For the first time, a systematic investigation of optimization in the geometrical, vibrational, natural bonding orbital (NBO), electronic, linear and nonlinear optical properties, and Hirshfeld surface analysis for the L-histidinium-l-tartrate hemihydrate (HT) crystal is reported by employing the density functional theory (DFT). The geometrical parameters and vibrational frequencies obtained from the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory are in good agreement with the experimental values. The presence of strong hydrogen bonding interactions in the molecule causes an intense absorption peak in the infrared spectrum below 2000 cm-1. Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) has been used to evaluate the topology of the electron density of a particular molecule to identify the critical points of the system using Multiwfn 3.8. These studies included ELF, LOL, and RDG studies. A time-dependent DFT approach is employed to obtain the excitation energies, oscillator strengths, and UV-Vis spectra for different solvents, such as methanol, ethanol, and water. The NBO analysis of the chosen compound, HT, is performed in terms of atom hybridization and electronic structure. The HOMO-LUMO energies and other associated electronic parameters are also computed. The nucleophilic sites are identified from MEP and Fukui functions analysis. The electrostatic potential and total density of states spectra of HT are discussed in detail. The theoretically obtained polarizability and first order hyperpolarizability values confirm that the grown material HT has NLO efficiency 15.771 times that of urea, and is proposed to be an exceptional nonlinear optical material. In addition, Hirshfeld surface analysis is performed to determine the inter-and intramolecular interactions in the title compound.
Collapse
|
2
|
Srishailam K, Ravindranath L, Venkatram Reddy B, Ramana Rao G. Electronic Spectra (Experimental and Simulated), and DFT Investigation of NLO, FMO, NBO, and MESP Characteristics of Some Biphenylcarboxaldehydes. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2022.2130376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K. Srishailam
- Department of Physics, SR University Warangal, Warangal, India
- Department of Physics, Kakatiya University, Warangal, India
| | - L. Ravindranath
- Department of Physics, Kakatiya University, Warangal, India
- Department of Physics, Malla Reddy Engineering College, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - G. Ramana Rao
- Department of Physics, Kakatiya University, Warangal, India
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Synthesis, characterization, and thermal and computational investigations of the L-histidine bis(fluoride) crystal. J Mol Model 2022; 28:222. [PMID: 35852644 PMCID: PMC9296416 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-022-05168-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nonlinear optical materials have been investigated recently due to their potential technological applications in information storage and communications. In this context, semi-organic crystals can effectively combine the desired nonlinear optical properties of amino acids with the promising mechanical and thermal properties of inorganic materials. In this work, we have synthesized and characterized a semi-organic crystal of the amino acid l-histidine and hydrofluoric acid and investigated the chemical interactions between the organic and inorganic moieties. The crystal of l-histidine bis(fluoride) has been produced by slow solvent evaporation and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) crystallography and thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses. The XRD conducted using the Rietveld method shows that the unit cell is orthorhombic with the P21212 space group and contains four l-histidine bis(fluoride) units. Both differential thermal analysis and temperature-dependent XRD show that the crystals are thermally stable up to 191°C and do not undergo phase transition. The computational Hirshfeld surface analysis of the crystal structure reveals the main intermolecular interactions. Density functional theory has been employed to calculate the ionic interaction energy and electrostatic potential maps and confirm the spontaneity of ionic association at 191°C. The combined experimental and computational results show that the thermal stability of the semi-organic l-histidine bis(fluoride) crystal makes it suitable for nonlinear optical applications in optical sensing and communication systems.
Collapse
|
4
|
Synthesis and evaluation of molecular structure from torsional scans, study of molecular characteristics using spectroscopic and DFT methods of some thiosemicarbazones, and investigation of their anticancer activity. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-021-01595-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
5
|
NLO response as a function of structural water presence: A comparative experimental (UV-vis) and DFT (structural, NPA, MEP) study on Cs2Ni(SeO4)2•4H2O and Cs2Ni(SeO4)2. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.129047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|
6
|
Synytsya A, Poučková P, Zadinová M, Troshchynska Y, Štětina J, Synytsya A, Saloň I, Král V. Hydrogels based on low-methoxyl amidated citrus pectin and flaxseed gum formulated with tripeptide glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine improve the healing of experimental cutting wounds in rats. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 165:3156-3168. [PMID: 33031852 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels based on natural and modified polysaccharides represent growing group of suitable matrices for the construction of effective wound healing materials. Bioactive tripeptide glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine and amino acid α-l-arginine are known to accelerate wound healing and skin repair. In this study, hydrogels based on low-methoxyl amidated citrus pectin or flaxseed gum were prepared and used for the transport of these healing agents to the experimental cutting wounds affected by extensive skin damage. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, rheology, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, swelling and release tests confirmed that these hydrogels differed in structure and physical properties. The cationic tripeptide was found to bind to carboxylic groups in LMA pectin, and the C3OH hydroxyl and ring oxygen O5 are involved in this interaction. The pectin hydrogel showed high viscosity and strong elastic properties, while the flaxseed gum hydrogel was characterised as a viscoelastic system of much lower viscosity. The former hydrogel released the drugs very slowly, while the latter hydrogel demonstrated zero order releasing kinetics optimal for drug delivery. In the in vivo wound healing testing on rats, both polysaccharide hydrogels improved the healing process mediated by the mentioned biomolecules. The tripeptide applied in the hydrogels showed significantly higher healing degree and lower healing time than in the control animals without treatment and when it was applied in an aqueous solution. Despite the absence of a synergistic effect, the mixture of the tripeptide and α-l-arginine in the hydrogels was also quite effective in wound healing. According to histological analysis, complete healing was achieved only when using the tripeptide in the flaxseed gum hydrogel. These observations might have an important prospect in clinical application of polysaccharide hydrogels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alla Synytsya
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, UCT Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; BIOCEV, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Průmyslová 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavla Poučková
- Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 1660/32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Zadinová
- Institute of Biophysics and Informatics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Kateřinská 1660/32, 121 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Yana Troshchynska
- Department of Dairy, Fat and Cosmetics, UCT Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; Department of Carbohydrates and Cereals, UCT Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Štětina
- Department of Dairy, Fat and Cosmetics, UCT Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Andriy Synytsya
- Department of Carbohydrates and Cereals, UCT Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ivan Saloň
- Department of Chemical Engineering, UCT Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Král
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, UCT Prague, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague 6, Czech Republic; BIOCEV, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Průmyslová 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
A combined experimental and DFT computations study of novel (E)-3-(benzofuran-2-yl)-2-(thiophen-2-yl)acrylonitrile(TACNBNF): Insight into the synthesis, single crystal XRD, NMR, vibrational spectral analysis, in vitro antioxidant and in silico molecular docking investigation with human peroxiredoxin 5 protein. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.127241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
|
8
|
Ramaiah K, Srishailam K, Laxma Reddy K, Reddy BV, Ramana Rao G. Synthesis, crystal and molecular structure, and characterization of 2-((2-aminopyridin-3-yl)methylene)-N-ethylhydrazinecarbothioamide using spectroscopic (1H and 13C NMR, FT-IR, FT-Raman, UV–Vis) and DFT methods and evaluation of its anticancer activity. J Mol Struct 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2019.02.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
9
|
Synthesis, spectral characterization and X-ray crystal structure studies of 3-(benzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)-5-(3-methylthiophen-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazole-1-carboxamide: Hirshfeld surface, DFT and thermal analysis. J Mol Struct 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2018.02.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
10
|
|
11
|
Kuruvilla TK, Prasana JC, Muthu S, George J, Mathew SA. Quantum mechanical and spectroscopic (FT-IR, FT-Raman) study, NBO analysis, HOMO-LUMO, first order hyperpolarizability and molecular docking study of methyl[(3R)-3-(2-methylphenoxy)-3-phenylpropyl]amine by density functional method. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 188:382-393. [PMID: 28756257 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Quantum chemical techniques such as density functional theory (DFT) have become a powerful tool in the investigation of the molecular structure and vibrational spectrum and are finding increasing use in application related to biological systems. The Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and Fourier transform Raman (FT-Raman) techniques are employed to characterize the title compound. The vibrational frequencies were obtained by DFT/B3LYP calculations with 6-31G(d,p) and 6-311++G(d,p) as basis sets. The geometry of the title compound was optimized. The vibrational assignments and the calculation of Potential Energy Distribution (PED) were carried out using the Vibrational Energy Distribution Analysis (VEDA) software. Molecular electrostatic potential was calculated for the title compound to predict the reactive sites for electrophilic and nucleophilic attack. In addition, the first-order hyperpolarizability, HOMO and LUMO energies, Fukui function and NBO were computed. The thermodynamic properties of the title compound were calculated at different temperatures, revealing the correlations between heat capacity (C), entropy (S) and enthalpy changes (H) with temperatures. Molecular docking studies were also conducted as part of this study. The paper further explains the experimental results which are in line with the theoretical calculations and provide optimistic evidence through molecular docking that the title compound can act as a good antidepressant. It also provides sufficient justification for the title compound to be selected as a good candidate for further studies related to NLO properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tintu K Kuruvilla
- Department of Physics, Madras Christian College, East Tambaram 600059, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - S Muthu
- Department of Physics, Arignar Anna Govt. Arts College, Cheyyar 604407, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Jacob George
- Department of Physics, Madras Christian College, East Tambaram 600059, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sheril Ann Mathew
- Department of Physics, Madras Christian College, East Tambaram 600059, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Dhouib I, Guionneau P, Elaoud Z. Vibrational spectroscopy, electrical characterization, nonlinear optical properties and DFT calculation of (NEt4)(H2AsO4)(H3AsO4)2. J COORD CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2017.1406082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ikram Dhouib
- Laboratoire de Physico-chimie de l’Etat Solide, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Département de Chimie, Sfax, Tunisie
| | - Philippe Guionneau
- Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux-ICMCB, Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Zakaria Elaoud
- Laboratoire de Physico-chimie de l’Etat Solide, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Département de Chimie, Sfax, Tunisie
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Tounsi A, Elleuch S, Hamdi B, Zouari R, Salah AB. Structural study, Hirshfeld surface analysis, spectroscopic properties and DFT investigation of a new hybrid compound: (C 6 H 10 (NH 3 ) 2 ) 3 [CoCl 4 ](Cl) 4 .3H 2 O. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
14
|
Barhoumi A, Mhiri T, Dammak T, Suñol JJ, Belhouchet M. Structural characterization, vibrational study, NLO and DFT calculations of a novel organic sulfate monohydrate templated with (S)-(-)-2,6-diammonium-4,5,6,7-tetrahydrobenzothiazole. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
15
|
Murugavel S, Vetri velan V, Kannan D, Bakthadoss M. Synthesis of a novel methyl(2E)-2-{[N-(2-formylphenyl)(4-methylbenzene) sulfonamido]methyl}-3-(2-methoxyphenyl)prop-2-enoate: Molecular structure, spectral, antimicrobial, molecular docking and DFT computational approaches. J Mol Struct 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
16
|
Rojek T, Goldeman W, Ślepokura K, Duczmal M, Wojciechowska A, Matczak-Jon E. Two isomorphous Co(ii) coordination polymers based on new α,α-disubstituted derivatives of zoledronic acid: synthesis, structures and properties. Dalton Trans 2017; 46:6900-6911. [DOI: 10.1039/c7dt00410a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
1D Co(ii) coordination polymers based on new derivatives of zoledronic acid. Spectroscopic and magnetic characterization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Rojek
- Department of Chemistry
- Wrocław University of Science and Technology
- 50-370 Wrocław
- Poland
| | - Waldemar Goldeman
- Department of Chemistry
- Wrocław University of Science and Technology
- 50-370 Wrocław
- Poland
| | | | - Marek Duczmal
- Department of Chemistry
- Wrocław University of Science and Technology
- 50-370 Wrocław
- Poland
| | | | - Ewa Matczak-Jon
- Department of Chemistry
- Wrocław University of Science and Technology
- 50-370 Wrocław
- Poland
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Molecular structure, experimental and theoretical spectroscopic characterization and non-linear optical properties studies of a new non-centrosymmetric hybrid material. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
18
|
Prashanth J, Reddy BV, Rao GR. Investigation of torsional potentials, molecular structure, vibrational properties, molecular characteristics and NBO analysis of some bipyridines using experimental and theoretical tools. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.03.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
19
|
Murugavel S, Vetri velan V, Kannan D, Bakthadoss M. Experimental and computational approaches of a novel methyl (2E)-2-{[N-(2-formylphenyl)(4-methylbenzene)sulfonamido]methyl}-3-(4-chlorophenyl)prop-2-enoate: A potential antimicrobial agent and an inhibition of penicillin-binding protein. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2016.02.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
|
20
|
Murugavel S, Vetri Velan V, Kannan D, Bakthadoss M. Synthesis, crystal structure analysis, spectral investigations, DFT computations, Biological activities and molecular docking of methyl(2E)-2-{[N-(2-formylphenyl)(4-methylbenzene) sulfonamido]methyl}-3-(4-fluorophenyl)prop-2-enoate, a potential bioactive agent. J Mol Struct 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.11.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
21
|
Saraçoğlu H, Ekici Ö. Spectroscopic characterization, X-ray structure and DFT studies on 4-[3-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)-3-methylcyclobutyl]-N-methylthiazol-2-amine. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2016. [DOI: 10.1134/s002247661507015x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
22
|
Laxman Naik J, Venkatram Reddy B, Prabavathi N. Experimental (FTIR and FT-Raman) and theoretical investigation of some pyridine-dicarboxylic acids. J Mol Struct 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2015.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
23
|
Raja B, Balachandran V, Revathi B. Structural study, NCA, FT-IR, FT-Raman spectral investigations, NBO analysis, thermodynamic functions of N-acetyl-l-phenylalanine. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 138:283-295. [PMID: 25498825 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.11.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra of N-acetyl-l-phenylalanine were recorded and analyzed. Natural bond orbital analysis has been carried out for various intramolecular interactions that are responsible for the stabilization of the molecule. HOMO-LUMO energy gap has been computed with the help of density functional theory. The statistical thermodynamic functions (heat capacity, entropy, vibrational partition function and Gibbs energy) were obtained for the range of temperature 100-1000K. The polarizability, first hyperpolarizability, anisotropy polarizability invariant has been computed using quantum chemical calculations. The infrared and Raman spectra were also predicted from the calculated intensities. Comparison of the experimental and theoretical spectra values provides important information about the ability of the computational method to describe the vibrational modes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Raja
- Department of Physics, Government Arts College, Kulithalai 639120, Karur, India
| | - V Balachandran
- Research Department of Physics, A.A. Government Arts College, Musiri 621211, India.
| | - B Revathi
- Research Department of Physics, A.A. Government Arts College, Musiri 621211, India
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Muthu S, Elamuruguporchelvi E, Varghese A. DFT electronic structure calculations, spectroscopic studies, and normal coordinate analysis of 2-[(5-nitro-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl]phenyl acetate. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 138:743-752. [PMID: 25544190 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The solid phase FTIR and FT-Raman spectra of 2-[(5-nitro-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)carbamoyl]phenyl acetate (25N2LCPA) have been recorded 450-4000cm(-1) and 100-4000cm(-1) respectively. The normal coordinate analysis was carried out to confirm the precision of the assignments. DFT calculations have been performed giving energies, optimized structures, harmonic vibrational frequencies and IR intensities. The structure of the molecule was optimized and the structural characteristics were determined by density functional theory (DFT) using B3LYP method with 6-31+G(d,p) basis set. The detailed interpretation of the vibrational spectra has been carried out with aid of normal coordinate analysis (NCA) following the scaled quantum mechanical force field methodology. The Vibrational frequencies are calculated in the above method and are compared with experimental frequencies which yield good agreement between observed and calculated frequencies. Stability of the molecule arising from hyper conjugative interactions, charge delocalization has been analyzed using natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. In addition, Frontiers molecular orbital and molecular electrostatic potential were computed by using Density Functional Theory (DFT) B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) basis set. The calculated HOMO and LUMO energies show that charge transfer occurs in the molecule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Muthu
- Department of Physics, Sri Venkateswara College of Engg, Sriperumbudur 602105, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - E Elamuruguporchelvi
- Department of Physics, Kanchi Pallavan Engineering College, Kanchipuram 631502, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anitha Varghese
- Department of Chemistry, Christ University, Bangalore 560029, India
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Sivaranjani T, Xavier S, Periandy S. NMR, FT-IR, FT-Raman, UV spectroscopic, HOMO–LUMO and NBO analysis of cumene by quantum computational methods. J Mol Struct 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2014.11.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
26
|
Uma Maheswari J, Muthu S, Sundius T. QM/MM methodology, docking and spectroscopic (FT-IR/FT-Raman, NMR, UV) and Fukui function analysis on adrenergic agonist. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 137:841-855. [PMID: 25277632 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.07.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The Fourier transform infrared, FT-Raman, UV and NMR spectra of Ternelin have been recorded and analyzed. Harmonic vibrational frequencies have been investigated with the help of HF with 6-31G (d,p) and B3LYP with 6-31G (d,p) and LANL2DZ basis sets. The (1)H and (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts of the molecule were calculated by GIAO method. The polarizability (α) and the first hyperpolarizability (β) values of the investigated molecule have been computed using DFT quantum mechanical calculations. Stability of the molecule arising from hyper conjugative interactions, and charge delocalization has been analyzed using natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. The electron density-based local reactivity descriptors such as Fukui functions were calculated to explain the chemical selectivity or reactivity site in Ternelin. Finally the calculated results were compared to simulated infrared and Raman spectra of the title compound which show good agreement with observed spectra. Molecular docking studies have been carried out in the active site of Ternelin and reactivity with ONIOM was also investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Uma Maheswari
- Department of Physics, Sree Sastha Institute of Engg and Technology, Chembarabakkam, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - S Muthu
- Department of Physics, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Pennalur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Tom Sundius
- Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 64, FIN-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Xavier S, Periandy S, Ramalingam S. NBO, conformational, NLO, HOMO-LUMO, NMR and electronic spectral study on 1-phenyl-1-propanol by quantum computational methods. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2015; 137:306-320. [PMID: 25228039 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.08.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, FT-IR, FT-Raman, NMR and UV spectra of 1-phenyl-1-propanol, an intermediate of anti-depressant drug fluoxetine, has been investigated. The theoretical vibrational frequencies and optimized geometric parameters have been calculated by using HF and density functional theory with the hybrid methods B3LYP, B3PW91 and 6-311+G(d,p)/6-311++G(d,p) basis sets. The theoretical vibrational frequencies have been found in good agreement with the corresponding experimental data. (1)H and (13)C NMR spectra were recorded and chemical shifts of the molecule were compared to TMS by using the Gauge-Independent Atomic Orbital (GIAO) method. A study on the electronic and optical properties, absorption wavelengths, excitation energy, dipole moment and frontier molecular orbital energies are performed using HF and DFT methods. The thermodynamic properties (heat capacity, entropy and enthalpy) at different temperatures are also calculated. NBO analysis is carried out to picture the charge transfer between the localized bonds and lone pairs. The local reactivity of the molecule has been studied using the Fukui function. NLO properties related to polarizability and hyperpolarizability are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Xavier
- Department of Physics, St. Joseph College of Arts and Science, Cuddalore, Tamil Nadu, India; Bharathiyar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - S Periandy
- Department of Physics, Tagore Arts College, Puducherry, India
| | - S Ramalingam
- Department of Physics, A.V.C. College, Mayiladuthurai, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Prashanth J, Ramesh G, Naik JL, Ojha JK, Reddy BV, Rao GR. Molecular Structure, Vibrational Analysis and First Order Hyperpolarizability of 4-Methyl-3-Nitrobenzoic Acid Using Density Functional Theory. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/opj.2015.53008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
29
|
Structural, vibrational, NLO, MEP, NBO analysis and DFT calculation of bis 2,5-dimethylanilinium sulfate. J Mol Struct 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2014.09.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
30
|
Guidara S, Feki H, Abid Y. Molecular structure, NLO, MEP, NBO analysis and spectroscopic characterization of 2,5-dimethylanilinium dihydrogen phosphate with experimental (FT-IR and FT-Raman) techniques and DFT calculations. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 133:856-866. [PMID: 25014546 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.06.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2014] [Revised: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Single crystals of 2,5-dimethylanilinium dihydrogen phosphate were grown by slow evaporation method at room temperature. The synthesized compound was characterized by powder X-ray diffraction analysis to confirm its crystalline nature. The optimized molecular structure, vibrational spectra and the optical properties were calculated by the density functional theory (DFT) method using the B3LYP function with the 6-31G(d,p) basis set. Theoretical simulation of infrared and Raman spectra led to excellent overall agreement with the observed spectral patterns. The complete assignments of the vibrational spectra were carried out with the aid of potential energy distribution (PED). The stability of the molecule arising from hyperconjugative interaction and charge delocalization has been analyzed using natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis leading to high nonlinear optical (NLO) activity. The lowering in the HOMO and LUMO energy gap explains the eventual charge transfer interactions that take place within the molecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sameh Guidara
- Laboratoire de Physique Appliquée (LPA), Université de Sfax, Faculté des Sciences, BP 1171, 3000 Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Habib Feki
- Laboratoire de Physique Appliquée (LPA), Université de Sfax, Faculté des Sciences, BP 1171, 3000 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Younes Abid
- Laboratoire de Physique Appliquée (LPA), Université de Sfax, Faculté des Sciences, BP 1171, 3000 Sfax, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Dhouib I, Feki H, Guionneau P, Mhiri T, Elaoud Z. Structural, vibrational and thermal studies of a new nonlinear optical crystal tetrapropylammonium dihydrogenmonoarsenate bis arsenic acid. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 131:274-281. [PMID: 24835929 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.04.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2014] [Revised: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 04/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Single crystals of tetrapropylammonium dihydrogenmonoarsenate bis arsenic acid [CH3CH2CH2]4N (H2AsO4) (H3AsO4)2, a potential new nonlinear optical (NLO) material of interest were prepared by the slow evaporation technique and characterized by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction, thermal analysis, FT-IR and Raman spectroscopy. The title compound belongs to the monoclinic space group Ia with the following unit cell dimensions: a=8.116(2) Ǻ, b=33.673(4) Ǻ, c=8.689(2) Ǻ, β=95.34(2)°. The structure consists of infinite parallel two-dimensional planes built of mutually [H2AsO4(-)] and [H3AsO4] tetrahedra connected by strong O-H⋯O hydrogen bonding giving birth to trimmers. The planes of inorganic groups are alternated with those of the organic cations. The geometry, first hyperpolarizability and harmonic vibrational wavenumbers were calculated by means of density functional theory DFT with the B3LYP/6-31G(d) level of theory. Good consistency was found between the calculated results and the experimental structure, IR, and Raman spectra. The detailed interpretation of the vibrational modes was carried out building on the proposed DFT calculations as primary source of assignment and by comparison with the spectroscopic studies of similar compounds. The first hyperpolarizability βtot of the title compound is about 14.6 times more than that of the reference crystal KDP, which may explain the importance of the compound under study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ikram Dhouib
- Laboratoire de Physico-chimie de l'Etat Solide, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, BP. N° 1171, Sfax 3000, Tunisia.
| | - Habib Feki
- Laboratoire de Physique Appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, BP. N° 1171, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Philippe Guionneau
- Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux-ICMCB, 87 av Dr A. Schweitzer, 33608 Pessac Cedex, France
| | - Tahar Mhiri
- Laboratoire de Physico-chimie de l'Etat Solide, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, BP. N° 1171, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Zakaria Elaoud
- Laboratoire de Physico-chimie de l'Etat Solide, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, BP. N° 1171, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Korkmaz U, Bulut A. Synthesis, an experimental and quantum chemical computational study of a new nonlinear optical material: 2-picolinium hydrogensquarate. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 130:376-385. [PMID: 24813271 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The experimental and theoretical investigation results of a novel organic non-linear optical (NLO) organic squarate salt of 2-Picolinium hydrogensquarate (1), C6H8N+·C4HO4-, were reported in this study. The space group of the title compound was found in the monoclinic C2/c space group. It was found that the asymmetric unit consists of one monohydrogen squarate anion together with mono protonated 2-Picolinium, forming the (1) salt. The X-ray analysis clearly indicated that the crystal packing has shown the hydrogen bonding ring pattern of D2(2)(10) (α-dimer) through NH⋯O interactions. The hydrogensquarate anions form α-dimer, while 2-Picolinium molecule interacts through NH⋯O and CH⋯O with the hydrogensquarate anion. The structural and vibrational properties of the compound were also studied by computational methods of ab initio performed on the compound at DFT/B3LYP/6-31++G(d,p) (2) and HF/6-31++G(d,p) (3) level of theory. The calculation results on the basis of two models for both the optimized molecular structure and vibrational properties for the 1 obtained are presented and compared with the X-ray analysis result. On the other the molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), electronic absorption spectra, frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), conformational flexibility and non-linear optical properties (NLO) of the title compound were also studied at the 2 level and the results are reported. In order to evaluate the suitability for NLO applications thermal analysis (TG, DTA and DTG) data of 1 were also obtained.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ufuk Korkmaz
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Ondokuzmayıs University, Kurupelit 55139, Samsun, Turkey.
| | - Ahmet Bulut
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Ondokuzmayıs University, Kurupelit 55139, Samsun, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kessentini A, Belhouchet M, Abid Y, Minot C, Mhiri T. Crystal structure, vibrational studies, optical properties and DFT calculation of bis 2-aminobenzothiazolium tetrachloridocuprate. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 122:476-481. [PMID: 24326264 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.11.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2013] [Revised: 10/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The zero dimensional organic-inorganic hybrid compound (C7H7N2S)2CuCl4 was synthesized and characterized by X-ray diffraction, infrared absorption, Raman spectroscopy scattering and optical transmission measurements. The title compound crystallizes in the monoclinic system with P21/c space group. The unit cell parameters are a=7.060 (5) Å, b=9.748 (5) Å, c=14.037 (5) Å, β=98.520 (5)° and Z=2. The copper (II) ion has square planar coordination environment and the structure is built up from isolated [CuCl4](2)(-) anion surrounded by organic cations connected together via N-H⋯Cl hydrogen bonding. Room temperature IR and Raman spectra of the title compound were recorded and analyzed. The theoretical geometrical parameters in the ground state have been investigated by density functional theory (DFT) with the B3LYP/LanL2DZ level of theory. The organic-inorganic hybrid crystal thin film can be easily prepared by spin-coating method from the ethanol solution of the (C7H7N2S)2CuCl4 compound and it showed characteristic absorptions of Cu-Cl based layered perovskite centered at 288 and 400 nm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Kessentini
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie de l'Etat Solide, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, B.P. 1171, 3000 Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - M Belhouchet
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie de l'Etat Solide, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, B.P. 1171, 3000 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Y Abid
- Laboratoire de Physique appliquée, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, B.P. 1171, 3000 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - C Minot
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique (LCT), Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris VI, France
| | - T Mhiri
- Laboratoire Physico-Chimie de l'Etat Solide, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences de Sfax, Université de Sfax, B.P. 1171, 3000 Sfax, Tunisia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Tanak H, Pawlus K, Marchewka MK, Pietraszko A. Structural, vibrational and theoretical studies of anilinium trichloroacetate: new hydrogen bonded molecular crystal with nonlinear optical properties. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 118:82-93. [PMID: 24041532 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Revised: 07/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report a combined experimental and theoretical study on molecular structure, vibrational spectra and NBO analysis of the potential nonlinear optical (NLO) material anilinium trichloroacetate. The FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra of the compound have been recorded together between 4000-80 cm(-1) and 3600-80 cm(-1) regions, respectively. The compound crystallizes in the noncentrosymmetric space group of monoclinic system. The optimized molecular structure, vibrational wavenumbers, IR intensities and Raman activities have been calculated by using density functional method (B3LYP) with 6-311++G(d,p) as higher basis set. The obtained vibrational wavenumbers and optimized geometric parameters were seen to be in good agreement with the experimental data. DSC measurements on powder samples do not indicate clearly on the occurrence of phase transitions in the temperature 113-293 K. The Kurtz and Perry powder reflection technique appeared to be very effective in studies of second-order nonlinear optical properties of the molecule. The non-linear optical properties are also addressed theoretically. The predicted NLO properties of the title compound are much greater than ones of urea. In addition, DFT calculations of the title compound, molecular electrostatic potential, frontier orbitals and thermodynamic properties were also performed at 6-311++G(d,p) level of theory. For title crystal the SHG efficiency was estimated by Kurtz-Perry method to be d(eff)=0.70 d(eff) (KDP).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Tanak
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Amasya University, 05100 Amasya, Turkey
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Muthu S, Elamurugu Porchelvi E. Experimental spectroscopic (FTIR, FT-Raman, FT-NMR, UV-Visible) and DFT studies of 1-ethyl-1,4-dihydro-7-methyl-4oxo-1,8 napthyridine-3-carboxylic acids. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 116:220-235. [PMID: 23948564 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2013] [Revised: 06/30/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The solid phase FTIR and FT-Raman spectra of 1-ethyl-1,4-dihydro-7-methyl-4oxo-1,8 napthyridine-3-carboxylic acid (EDMONCA) have been recorded in the regions 4000-500 and 4000-400 cm(-1) respectively. The equilibrium geometry, harmonic vibrational frequencies have been investigated by DFT/B3LYP and B3PW91 methods with 6-311G (d,p) basis set. The different between the observed and scaled wave number values of most of the fundamental is very small. The assignments of the vibrational spectra have been carried out with the aid of normal coordinate analysis (NCA) following the scaled quantum mechanical force field methodology (SQMFFM). Stability of the molecule arising from hyper conjugative interactions, charge delocalization has been analyzed using natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. UV-Visible spectrum of the compound was recorded and the electronic properties HOMO and LOMO energies were measured. The electric dipole moment (μD) and first hyperpolarizability (βtot) values of the investigated molecule were computed using ab initio quantum mechanical calculations. The calculated results also show that the EDMONCA molecule may have microscopic nonlinear optics (NLO) behavior with non-zero values. (1)H and (13)C NMR spectra were recorded and (1)H and (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance chemical shift of the molecule were calculated using the gauge independent atomic orbital (GIAO) method. Thermal stability of EDMONCA was studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Next Fukui function was calculated to explain the chemical selectivity or reactivity site in EDMONCA. Finally molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) and other molecular properties were performed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Muthu
- Department of Physics, Sri Venkateswara College of Engg., Sriperumbudur 602105, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Experimental and computational study on molecular structure, natural bond orbital and natural hybrid orbital analysis of non-linear optical material trans-3-(o-hydroxyphenyl-1-phenyl)-2-propen-1-one. J Mol Struct 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.08.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
37
|
Muthu S, Ramachandran G. Spectroscopic studies (FTIR, FT-Raman and UV-Visible), normal coordinate analysis, NBO analysis, first order hyper polarizability, HOMO and LUMO analysis of (1R)-N-(Prop-2-yn-1-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-amine molecule by ab initio HF and density functional methods. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 121:394-403. [PMID: 24280302 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.10.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and FT-Raman of (1R)-N-(Prop-2-yn-1-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-amine (1RNPDA) were recorded in the regions 4000-400 cm(-1) and 4000-100 cm(-1) respectively. A complete assignment and analysis of the fundamental vibrational modes of the molecule were carried out. The observed fundamental modes have been compared with the harmonic vibrational frequencies computed using HF method by employing 6-31G(d,p) basis set and DFT(B3LYP) method by employing 6-31G(d,p) basis set. The vibrational studies were interpreted in terms of Potential Energy Distribution (PED). The complete vibrational frequency assignments were made by Normal Co-ordinate Analysis (NCA) following the scaled quantum mechanical force field methodology (SQMFF). The first order hyper polarizability (β0) of this molecular system and related properties (α, μ, and Δα) are calculated using B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) method based on the finite-field approach. The thermodynamic functions of the title compound were also performed at the above methods and basis set. A detailed interpretation of the infrared and Raman spectra of 1RNPDA is reported. The (1)H and (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts of the molecule were calculated using the GIAO method confirms with the experimental values. Stability of the molecule arising from hyper-conjugative interactions and charge delocalization has been analyzed using Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis. UV-vis spectrum of the compound was recorded and electronic properties such as excitation energies, oscillator strength and wavelength were performed by TD-DFT/B3LYP using 6-31G(d,p) basis set. The HOMO and LUMO energy gap reveals that the energy gap reflects the chemical activity of the molecule. The observed and calculated wave numbers are formed to be in good agreement. The experimental spectra also coincide satisfactorily with those of theoretically constructed spectra.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Muthu
- Department of Physics, Sri Venkateswara College of Engg., Sriperumbudur 602 105, India.
| | - G Ramachandran
- Research Scholar, Research and Development Centre, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Elleuch N, Ben Ahmed A, Feki H, Abid Y, Minot C. Vibrational spectra, optical properties, NBO and HOMO-LUMO analysis of L-Phenylalanine L-Phenylalaninium Perchlorate: DFT calculations. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 121:129-138. [PMID: 24231749 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2013] [Revised: 10/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we report a combined experimental and theoretical study of a nonlinear optical material, L-Phenylalanine L-Phenylalaninium Perchlorate. Single crystals of the title compound have been grown by slow evaporation of an aqueous solution at room temperature. Theoretical calculations were preceded by redetermination of the crystal X-ray structure. The compound crystallizes in the non-centro symmetric space group P2(1)2(1)2(1) of the orthorhombic system. The FT-IR and Raman spectra of the crystal were recorded and analyzed. The density functional theory (DFT) computations have been performed at B3LYP/6-31G(d) level to derive equilibrium geometry, vibrational wavenumbers, intensity and NLO properties. All observed vibrational bands have been discussed and assigned to normal mode or to combinations on the basis of our DFT calculations as a primary source of attribution and also by comparison with the previous results for similar compounds. Natural bond orbital analysis was carried out to demonstrate the various inter-and intramolecular interaction that are responsible of the stabilization of the compound. The lowering of highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy gap appears to be the cause of its enhanced charge transfer interaction leading to high NLO activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nabil Elleuch
- Laboratoire de Physique Appliquée (LPA), Faculté des Sciences 3018, BP 802 Sfax, Tunisia.
| | - Ali Ben Ahmed
- Laboratoire de Physique Appliquée (LPA), Faculté des Sciences 3018, BP 802 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Habib Feki
- Laboratoire de Physique Appliquée (LPA), Faculté des Sciences 3018, BP 802 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Younes Abid
- Laboratoire de Physique Appliquée (LPA), Faculté des Sciences 3018, BP 802 Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Christian Minot
- Laboratoire de Chimie Théorique (LCT), Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris VI, France
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Muthu S, Prasath M, Paulraj EI, Balaji RA. FT-IR, FT-Raman spectra and ab initio HF and DFT calculations of 7-chloro-5-(2-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 120:185-194. [PMID: 24177883 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.09.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 09/12/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The Fourier Transform infrared and Fourier Transform Raman spectra of 7-chloro-5 (2-chlorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one (7C3D4B) were recorded in the regions 4000-400 and 4000-100 cm(-1), respectively. The appropriate theoretical spectrograms for the IR and Raman spectra of the title molecule were also constructed. The calculated results show that the predicted geometry can well reproduce the structural parameters. Predicted vibrational frequencies have been assigned and compared with experimental IR spectra and they supported each other. Stability of the molecule arising from hyperconjugative interactions, charge delocalization and intramolecular hydrogen bond-like weak interaction has been analyzed using natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis by using B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) method. The results show that electron density (ED) in the σ* and π* antibonding orbitals and second-order delocalization energies E(2) confirm the occurrence of intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) within the molecule. The first order hyperpolarizability (βtotal) of this molecular system and related properties (β, μ, and Δα) are calculated using HF/6-31G(d,p) and B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) methods based on the finite-field approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Muthu
- Department of Physics, Sri Venkateshwara College of Engineering, Sriperumbudur, Tamilnadu, India.
| | - M Prasath
- Department of Physics, Aksheyaa College of Engineering, Puludivakkam, Tamilnadu, India
| | - E Isac Paulraj
- Department of Applied Physics, Pallavan College of Engineering, Kancheepuram, Tamilnadu, India
| | - R Arun Balaji
- Department of Physics, Saveetha Engineering College, Thandalam, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Arivazhagan M, Anitha Rexalin D, Geethapriya J. Vibrational spectra, DFT quantum chemical calculations and conformational analysis of P-iodoanisole. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 113:236-249. [PMID: 23727676 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.04.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/24/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The solid phase FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra of P-iodoanisole (P-IA) have been recorded in the regions 400-4000 and 50-4000 cm(-1), respectively. The spectra were interpreted in terms of fundamentals modes, combination and overtone bands. The structure of the molecule was optimized and the structural characteristics were determined by ab initio (HF) and density functional theory (B3LYP) methods with LanL2DZ as basis set. The potential energy surface scan for the selected dihedral angle of P-IA has been performed to identify stable conformer. The optimized structure parameters and vibrational wavenumbers of stable conformer have been predicted by density functional B3LYP method with LanL2DZ (with effective core potential representations of electrons near the nuclei for post-third row atoms) basis set. The nucleophilic and electrophilic sites obtained from the molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) surface were calculated. The temperature dependence of thermodynamic properties has been analyzed. Several thermodynamic parameters have been calculated using B3LYP with LanL2DZ basis set.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Arivazhagan
- PG & Research Department of Physics, A.A. Government Arts College, Musiri 621 211, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Sheela NR, Sampathkrishnan S, Thirumalai Kumar M, Muthu S. Synthesis, spectroscopic (FT-IR, FT-Raman, 13C, 1H, UV) study, first order hyperpolarizability, NBO analysis, HOMO and LUMO analysis of 2(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-N-(4-Methylphenyl) Nitrone. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 109:272-281. [PMID: 23542518 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.03.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2012] [Revised: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The title compound, 2(2-Hydroxyphenyl)-N-(4-Methylphenyl) Nitrone (2HPN4MPN) was synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, FT-Raman, UV-Vis and (1)HNMR, (13)CNMR spectral analysis. The molecular geometry, harmonic vibrational frequencies and bonding features of the title compound in the ground state are computed at three parameter hybrid functional Lee-Yang-Parr/6-311++G(d,p) levels of theory. The most stable conformer of 2HPN4MPN is identified from the computational results. The assignments of the vibrational spectra have been carried out with the help of normal co-ordinate analysis (NCA) following the scaled quantum mechanical force field methodology (SQMF). The UV-Vis spectrum was recorded in chloroform solution. The energy and oscillator strength calculated by time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) complements the experimental findings. The calculated HOMO and LUMO energies confirm that charge transfer occurs within the molecule. In addition, DFT calculations of the compound, Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP), Natural Bond Orbital analysis (NBO) and non-linear optical (NLO) properties are performed at B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level of theory. Finally, the calculations are applied to simulated FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra of the title compound which show good agreement with observed spectra.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N R Sheela
- Department of Applied Physics, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Sriperumbudur 602 105, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Muthu S, Uma Maheswari J, Sundius T. Quantum mechanical, spectroscopic studies (FT-IR, FT-Raman, NMR, UV) and normal coordinates analysis on 3-([2-(diaminomethyleneamino) thiazol-4-yl] methylthio)-N'-sulfamoylpropanimidamide. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 108:307-318. [PMID: 23507526 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2012] [Revised: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 02/07/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Famotidine (3-([2-(diaminomethyleneamino) thiazol-4-yl] methylthio)-N'-sulfamoylpropanimidamide) is a histamine H2-receptor antagonist that inhibits stomach acid production, and it is commonly used in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease (PUD) and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD/GORD). Quantum chemical calculations of the equilibrium geometry of famotidine in the ground state were carried out using density functional theory (DFT/B3LYP) with the 6-311G(d,p) basis set. In addition, harmonic vibrational frequencies, infrared intensities and Raman activities were calculated at the same level of theory. A detailed interpretation of the infrared and Raman spectrum of the drug is also reported. Theoretical simulations of the FT-IR, and FT-Raman spectra of the title compound have been calculated. Good correlations between the experimental (1)H and (13)C NMR chemical shifts and calculated GIAO shielding tensors were found. The results of the energy and oscillator strength calculations by time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) supplement the experimental findings. Total and partial density of state (TDOS and PDOS) and also overlap population density of state (COOP or OPDOS) diagrams analysis were presented. The dipole moment, linear polarizability and first order hyperpolarizability values were also computed. The linear polarizability and first order hyperpolarizabilities of the studied molecule indicate that the compound is a good candidate for nonlinear optical materials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Muthu
- Department of Physics, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Pennalur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kessentini A, Belhouchet M, Suñol J, Abid Y, Mhiri T. Synthesis, crystal structure, vibrational spectra, optical properties and theoretical investigation of bis (2-aminobenzimidazolium) tetraiodocadmate. J Mol Struct 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
44
|
Sun W, Yuan G, Liu J, Ma L, Liu C. Experimental and DFT studies of (E)-2-[2-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)ethenyl]-8-hydroxyquinoline: electronic and vibrational properties. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 106:275-283. [PMID: 23416885 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.12.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Revised: 12/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/30/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The title molecule (E)-2-[2-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)ethenyl]-8-hydroxyquinoline (DPEQ) was synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, UV-vis, NMR spectroscopy. The molecular geometry, vibrational frequencies and gauge independent atomic orbital (GIAO) 1H and 13C NMR chemical shift values of the compound in the ground state have been calculated by using the density functional theory (DFT) method. All the assignments of the theoretical frequencies were performed by potential energy distributions using VEDA 4 program. The calculated results indicate that the theoretical vibrational frequencies, 1H and 13C NMR chemical shift values show good agreement with experimental data. The electronic properties like UV-vis spectral analysis and HOMO-LUMO analysis of DPEQ have been reported and compared with experimental data. Information about the size, shape, charge density distribution and site of chemical reactivity of the molecule has been obtained by mapping electron density isosurface with molecular electrostatic potential (MEP).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenqi Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243002, Anhui, PR China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Muthu S, Maheswari JU, Sundius T. Molecular structural, non-linear optical, second order perturbation and Fukui studies of Indole-3-Aldehyde using density functional calculations. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 106:299-309. [PMID: 23416887 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.12.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/21/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Indole-3-Aldehyde is a new organic non-linear material having good second harmonic generation. The optimized molecular geometry, harmonic vibrational frequencies, infrared intensities of Indole-3-Aldehyde (I3A, C9H7NO) in the ground state were carried out by using density functional theory (B3LYP) method with 6-31G(d,p) basis set. A detailed interpretation of the infrared spectrum of Indole-3-Aldehyde is reported. The vibrational frequencies are calculated and compared with experimental FT-IR spectra. The theoretical spectrograms of FT-IR of the title compound have been constructed in addition, theoretical information like ONIOM, potential energy surface, NBO, and Fukui function are also calculated. Unambiguous vibrational assignment of all the fundamentals was made using the potential energy distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Muthu
- Department of Physics, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Pennalur, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Liu X, Su Y, Zhang H, Chen G. Theoretical calculations and surface morphology studies of L-threonine formate. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2013; 101:389-393. [PMID: 23123246 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.09.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 09/22/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In order to investigate microscopic second order nonlinear optical properties of L-threonine formate (abbreviated as LTF) crystals, the molecular dipole moment (μ), polarizability (α), and first hyperpolarizability (β) were computed using a series of basis sets including polarized and diffuse functions at the framework of Hartree-Fock and density functional theory methods. In addition, the grown crystal surface has been analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The formation mechanisms of the hollow cavity defect on growth surface have been analyzed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Liu
- School of Physics and Technology, University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, Shandong Province, PR China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Studies on Mechanical and Dielectric Properties of L-Phenylalanine Benzoic Acid Single Crystal for NLO Applications. J CHEM-NY 2013. [DOI: 10.1155/2013/181680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonlinear optics (NLO) materials have a significant impact on laser technology, optical communication, optical storage technology, and electrooptic modulation. Nonlinear optical single crystal of L-phenylalanine benzoic acid has been grown by slow evaporation. The XRD analysis confirms that the crystal belongs to the monoclinic system with noncentrosymmetric space group P21. Microhardness investigations are conducted on the grown crystals. The dielectric response of the sample is studied as a function of different frequencies and different temperatures. The photoconducting studies confirm that the title compound has negative photoconducting nature.
Collapse
|
48
|
Muthu S, Ramachandran G, Uma Maheswari J. Vibrational spectroscopic investigation on the structure of 2-ethylpyridine-4-carbothioamide. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 93:214-222. [PMID: 22481178 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.02.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2011] [Revised: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/23/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Fourier transform Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectra of 2-ethylpyridine-4-carbothioamide were recorded in the regions 3600-100 cm(-1) and 4000-450 cm(-1), respectively in the solid phase. 2-Ethylpyridine-4-carbothioamide is used as anti-tubercular agent that inhibits mycolic acid synthesis. The equilibrium geometry harmonic vibrational frequencies, infrared intensities and Raman scattering activities were calculated by Hartee Fock and density functional B3LYP methods with 6-31 G (d,p) basis set, using Gaussian 03 W program package on a Pentium IV/1.6 GHz personal computer(.) A detailed interpretation of the vibrational spectra of this compound has been made on the basis of the calculated potential energy distribution (PED). The thermodynamic functions of the title compound were also performed at the above methods and basis set. A detailed interpretation of the infrared and Raman spectra of 2-ethylpyridine-4-carbothioamide is reported. The (1)H and (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts of the molecules were calculated using the GIAO method confirms with the experimental values. Stability of the molecule arising from hyper conjugative interactions, charge delocalization has been analyzed using natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. The linear polarizability (α) and the first order hyperpolarizability (β) values of the investigated molecule have been computed using DFT quantum mechanical calculations. The HOMO and LUMO energy gap reveals that the energy gap reflects the chemical activity of the molecule. The observed and calculated wave numbers are found to be in good agreement. The experimental spectra also coincide satisfactorily with those of theoretically constructed spectra.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Muthu
- Department of physics, Sri Venkateswara College of Engg, Sriperumbudur 602105, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Muthu S, Maheswari JU. Quantum mechanical study and spectroscopic (FT-IR, FT-Raman, 13C, 1H, UV) study, first order hyperpolarizability, NBO analysis, HOMO and LUMO analysis of 4-[(4-aminobenzene) sulfonyl] aniline by ab initio HF and density functional method. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 92:154-63. [PMID: 22446762 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.02.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2011] [Revised: 02/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and FT-Raman of 4-[(4-aminobenzene) sulfonyl] aniline have been recorded and analyzed. The equilibrium geometry, harmonic vibrational frequencies have been investigated with the help of HF and DFT methods with 6-31G(d,p) as basis set. A detailed interpretation of the vibrational spectra of this compound has been made on the basis of the calculated potential energy distribution (PED). The (1)H and (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts of the molecule were calculated by GIAO method. Stability of the molecule arising from hyper conjugative interactions, charge delocalization has been analyzed using natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. The linear polarizability (α) and the first order hyperpolarizability (β) values of the investigated molecule have been computed using DFT quantum mechanical calculations. UV-vis spectrum of the compound was recorded and electronic properties, such as HOMO and LUMO energies were also performed. Finally the calculations results were applied to simulated infrared and Raman spectra of the title compound which show good agreement with observed spectra.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Muthu
- Department of Physics, Sri Venkateswara College of Engineering, Pennalur, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Crystal structure of L-histidinium 2-nitrobenzoate. JOURNAL OF AMINO ACIDS 2012; 2012:463183. [PMID: 22536482 PMCID: PMC3321298 DOI: 10.1155/2012/463183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A new nonlinear optical organic compound, namely, L-histidinium 2-nitrobenzoate (abbreviated as LH2NB (I); ([C6H10N3O2]+ [C7H4NO4]−)), was synthesized. The molecular structure of LH2NB (I) was elucidated using single crystal X-ray diffraction technique. The second harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency of this compound is about two times that of the standard potassium dihydrogen phosphate crystals.
Collapse
|