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McGlinchey MJ. The Effect of Benzannulation on the Structures, Reactivity and Molecular Dynamics of Indenes, Pentalenes, Azulenes and Related Molecules. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27123882. [PMID: 35745005 PMCID: PMC9229948 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The stabilising effect of benzannulation on isoindenes formed in the course of sigmatropic shifts of (C5H5)Fe(CO)2 or of organo-silyl groups, and on exocyclic allyl intermediates in the course of haptotropic shifts of organometallic fragments over polycyclic skeletons (fluorene, cyclopenta[def]phenanthrene, syn and anti dibenzpentalenes) is exemplified. This approach led to the development of the first organometallic molecular brake. Benzyne cycloadditions to anthracenes to form triptycenes also led to unexpected or multiple adducts that were characterised by X-ray crystallography. Synthetic routes to the previously elusive benz[cd]azulene system are presented. Finally, the complete mechanism of the stepwise assembly of dispiro- and diindenyltetracenes from fluorenylallenes is presented, whereby every intermediate has been unambiguously structurally characterised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J McGlinchey
- School of Chemistry, University College Dublin, Belfield, D04 V1W8 Dublin 4, Ireland
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2
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Sulima A, Akhlaghi F, Leggio L, Rice KC. Synthesis of PF-6870961, a major hydroxy metabolite of the novel ghrelin receptor inverse agonist PF-5190457. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 50:116465. [PMID: 34662828 PMCID: PMC9837661 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Preclinical and human studies have indicated involvement of the ghrelin system in alcohol-related behaviors illuminating the possibility of using ghrelin receptor blockers as a pharmacological intervention for alcohol use disorder (AUD). Preliminary data from a recently conducted phase 1b human study with a ghrelin receptor inverse agonist, PF-5190457 (2-(2-methylimidazo[2,1-b][1,3thiazol-6-yl)-1-{2-(1R)-5-(6-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl]-2,7-diazaspiro[3.5]non-7-ylethanone), provided evidence on the safety and tolerability of this compound when co-administered with alcohol. Furthermore, the study revealed important information on the biotransformation pathways for this compound and prompted the discovery and then synthesis of a newly identified major metabolite, PF-6870961 ((R)-1-(2-(5-(2-hydroxy-6-methylpyrimidin-4-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-yl)-2,7-diazaspiro[3.5]nonan-7-yl)-2-(2-methylimidazo[2,1-b]thiazol-6-yl)ethan-1-one). The metabolite was synthesized and fully characterized through a design that enabled it to be prepared in useful quantities. The synthesis provided direct access to the recently discovered PF-6870961 and is allowing researchers to conduct additional and deeper evaluation of its in vitro and in vivo properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Sulima
- Medication Development Program, Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3373, United States; Medication Development Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States.
| | - Fatemeh Akhlaghi
- Clinical Pharmacokinetics Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Lorenzo Leggio
- Clinical Psychoneuroendocrinology and Neuropsychopharmacology Section, Translational Addiction Medicine Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States; Medication Development Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States
| | - Kenner C Rice
- Medication Development Program, Drug Design and Synthesis Section, Molecular Targets and Medications Discovery Branch, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 9800 Medical Center Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-3373, United States; Medication Development Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, 251 Bayview Boulevard, Baltimore, Maryland 21224, United States.
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3
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Mendes KF, Furtado IF, Sousa RND, Lima ADC, Mielke KC, Brochado MGDS. Cow bonechar decreases indaziflam pre-emergence herbicidal activity in tropical soil. J Environ Sci Health B 2021; 56:532-539. [PMID: 33950786 DOI: 10.1080/03601234.2021.1916302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The addition of carbonaceous material such as cow bonechar to the soil can affect the availability of applied pre-emergent herbicides such as indaziflam. However, how cow bonechar affects the bioavailability of indaziflam is not yet known. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of cow bonechar on herbicidal activity of indaziflam on weeds in a tropical soil. Cow bonechar was added homogeneously to top soil, at 1, 2, 5, 10, and 20 t ha-1, in addition to treatment with unamended soil. At 21 days after indaziflam (75 g ha-1) application, injury weed levels, weed species that emerged spontaneously were identified and the weeds present in each sampling unit were collected. Only 1.4 t ha-1 cow bonechar added to soil was enough to reduce the weed injury level by 50%. From the addition of 2 t ha-1 cow bonechar the application of indaziflam was not efficient to weed control, being equivalent to treatments without herbicide application. Eight weed species (3 monocots and 5 dicots) were identified in all treatments. Eleusine indica and Digitaria horizontalis accounted for about 99.7% of the entire infestation of the weed community. Cow bonechar decreases indaziflam pre-emergence herbicidal activity in tropical soil for weed control, most likely due to the high sorption and unavailability of the product in the soil solution.
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Winn M, Rowlinson M, Wang F, Bering L, Francis D, Levy C, Micklefield J. Discovery, characterization and engineering of ligases for amide synthesis. Nature 2021; 593:391-398. [PMID: 34012085 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-03447-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Coronatine and related bacterial phytotoxins are mimics of the hormone jasmonyl-L-isoleucine (JA-Ile), which mediates physiologically important plant signalling pathways1-4. Coronatine-like phytotoxins disrupt these essential pathways and have potential in the development of safer, more selective herbicides. Although the biosynthesis of coronatine has been investigated previously, the nature of the enzyme that catalyses the crucial coupling of coronafacic acid to amino acids remains unknown1,2. Here we characterize a family of enzymes, coronafacic acid ligases (CfaLs), and resolve their structures. We found that CfaL can also produce JA-Ile, despite low similarity with the Jar1 enzyme that is responsible for ligation of JA and L-Ile in plants5. This suggests that Jar1 and CfaL evolved independently to catalyse similar reactions-Jar1 producing a compound essential for plant development4,5, and the bacterial ligases producing analogues toxic to plants. We further demonstrate how CfaL enzymes can be used to synthesize a diverse array of amides, obviating the need for protecting groups. Highly selective kinetic resolutions of racemic donor or acceptor substrates were achieved, affording homochiral products. We also used structure-guided mutagenesis to engineer improved CfaL variants. Together, these results show that CfaLs can deliver a wide range of amides for agrochemical, pharmaceutical and other applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Winn
- Department of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Michael Rowlinson
- Department of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Fanghua Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Luis Bering
- Department of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Daniel Francis
- Department of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Colin Levy
- Department of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jason Micklefield
- Department of Chemistry, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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5
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Ding Z, Yi Y, Wang W, Zhang Q. Atmospheric oxidation of indene initiated by OH radical in the presence of O 2 and NO: A mechanistic and kinetic study. Chemosphere 2020; 259:127331. [PMID: 32650175 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The atmospheric degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) can generate organic pollutants that contribute to the formation of secondary organic aerosols (SOAs) and exacerbate their carcinogenicity. Indene is an example of styrene-like bicyclic hydrocarbons that are not fully aromatic. The OH-initiated atmospheric oxidation of indene in the presence of O2 and NO was investigated using quantum chemical methods at M06-2X/6-311++G(3df,2p)//M06-2X/6-311+G(d,p) level. The oxidation products are oxygenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OPAHs) containing hydroxyindene, indenone, dialdehydes and 2-(formylmethyl)benzaldehyde. Calculation results showed that 7-indene radical, which is the precursor of various PAHs, has a high production ratio that is 35.29% in the initial reaction, indicating that the OH-initiated oxidation increase the environmental risks of indene in the atmosphere. The rate constants for the crucial elementary reactions were calculated based on Rice-Ramsperger-Kassel-Marcus (RRKM) theory. The overall rate constant of the initial reaction is calculated to be 1.04 × 10-10 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 and the atmospheric lifetime of indene is determined as 2.74 h. This work provides a comprehensive understanding on the oxidation mechanisms of indene and the findings could help to clarify the fate of indene in the atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhezheng Ding
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Yayi Yi
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Wenxing Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Qingzhu Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China.
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Zhang MQ, Xu KX, Xue Y, Cao F, Yang LJ, Hou XM, Wang CY, Shao CL. Sordarin Diterpene Glycosides with an Unusual 1,3-Dioxolan-4-one Ring from the Zoanthid-Derived Fungus Curvularia hawaiiensis TA26-15. J Nat Prod 2019; 82:2477-2482. [PMID: 31478377 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Six new sordarin tetracyclic diterpene glycosides, moriniafungins B-G (1-6), and a new sordaricin tetracyclic diterpene, sordaricin B (8), together with two known analogues, moriniafungin (7) and sordaricin (9), were isolated from the zoanthid-derived fungus Curvularia hawaiiensis TA26-15. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by comprehensive analyses of spectroscopic data, including 1D and 2D NMR and MS data. Compounds 1-6 represent the first case of sordarins from marine-derived fungi possessing a sordarose with a spiro 1,3-dioxolan-4-one ring, which is rare in the nature. Compound 4 showed antifungal activity against Candida albicans ATCC10231 with an MIC value of 2.9 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Qi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts , Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266237 , People's Republic of China
| | - Kai-Xia Xu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts , Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266237 , People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Xue
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts , Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266237 , People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Cao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts , Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266237 , People's Republic of China
- Chinese Center for Chirality, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics of the Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy , Hebei University , Baoding 071002 , Hebei , People's Republic of China
| | - Lu-Jia Yang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts , Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266237 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Mei Hou
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts , Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266237 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts , Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266237 , People's Republic of China
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , People's Republic of China
| | - Chang-Lun Shao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, The Ministry of Education of China, School of Medicine and Pharmacy , Ocean University of China , Qingdao 266003 , People's Republic of China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts , Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology , Qingdao 266237 , People's Republic of China
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Li L, Zou J, You S, Deng Z, Liu Y, Wang Q. Natural Product Cerbinal and Its Analogues Cyclopenta[ c]pyridines: Synthesis and Discovery as Novel Pest Control Agents. J Agric Food Chem 2019; 67:10498-10504. [PMID: 31452369 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Owing to the changing needs of agriculture, the exploration of new pest control agents remains as critical as ever. The analogues 3a-3v of the natural product cerbinal were synthesized from genipin by an efficient and practical method under additive-free conditions. The antiviral and insecticidal effects of cerbinal and these cyclopenta[c]pyridines (3a-3v) were evaluated systematically. Most of the synthesized compounds exhibited higher anti-TMV activities than the lead compound cerbinal. Compound 3s (2-(4-methoxyphenyl)) had the most promising inhibitory activities against TMV (inactivation effect 49.0 ± 0.8%, curative effect 41.2 ± 4.3%, and protection effect 51.5 ± 2.7% at 500 μg/mL). Among the synthesized compounds, only 3v (2-(2-chloro-4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl)) reached the activity level of cerbinal against Plutella xylostella. This suggested that the cyclopenta[c]pyridines obtained by modifications of cerbinal at position 2 are very significant for the anti-TMV activity, and yet were exceptionally less active for the insecticidal activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Institute of Applied Chemistry , Jiangxi Academy of Sciences , Nanchang 330096 , China
| | - Jiyong Zou
- Institute of Applied Chemistry , Jiangxi Academy of Sciences , Nanchang 330096 , China
| | - Shengyong You
- Institute of Applied Chemistry , Jiangxi Academy of Sciences , Nanchang 330096 , China
| | - Zhaoyang Deng
- Institute of Applied Chemistry , Jiangxi Academy of Sciences , Nanchang 330096 , China
| | - Yuxiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
| | - Qingmin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, Research Institute of Elemento-Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) , Nankai University , Tianjin 300071 , China
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8
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Liu F, Dong Z, Wang J, Dong G. Palladium/Norbornene-Catalyzed Indenone Synthesis from Simple Aryl Iodides: Concise Syntheses of Pauciflorol F and Acredinone A. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:2144-2148. [PMID: 30600880 PMCID: PMC6420343 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201813699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
To show the synthetic utility of palladium/norbornene (Pd/NBE) cooperative catalysis, here we report concise syntheses of indenone-based natural products, pauciflorol F and acredinone A, which are enabled by direct annulation between aryl iodides and unsaturated carboxylic acid anhydrides. Compared to the previous indenone-preparation approaches, this method allows simple aryl iodides to be used as substrates with complete control of the regioselectivity. The total synthesis of acredinone A features two different Pd/NBE-catalyzed ortho acylation reactions for constructing penta-substituted arene cores, including the development of a new ortho acylation/ipso borylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feipeng Liu
- Department of Applied Chemistry, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China, Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637 (USA)
| | - Zhe Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637 (USA)
| | - Jianchun Wang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637 (USA)
| | - Guangbin Dong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637 (USA)
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Zerov AV, Kazakova AN, Boyarskaya IA, Panikorovskii TL, Suslonov VV, Khoroshilova OV, Vasilyev AV. TfOH-Promoted Reaction of 2,4-Diaryl-1,1,1-Trifluorobut-3-yn-2-oles with Arenes: Synthesis of 1,3-Diaryl-1-CF₃-Indenes and Versatility of the Reaction Mechanisms. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123079. [PMID: 30477271 PMCID: PMC6321356 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The TfOH-mediated reactions of 2,4-diaryl-1,1,1-trifluorobut-3-yn-2-oles (CF3-substituted diaryl propargyl alcohols) with arenes in CH2Cl2 afford 1,3-diaryl-1-CF3-indenes in yields up to 84%. This new process for synthesis of such CF3-indenes is complete at room temperature within one hour. The synthetic potential, scope, and limitations of this reaction were illustrated by more than 70 examples. The proposed reaction mechanism invokes the formation of highly reactive CF3-propargyl cation intermediates that can be trapped at the two mesomeric positions by the intermolecular nucleophilic attack of an arene partner with a subsequent intramolecular ring closure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksey V Zerov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab., 7/9, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia.
| | - Anna N Kazakova
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab., 7/9, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia.
| | - Irina A Boyarskaya
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab., 7/9, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia.
| | - Taras L Panikorovskii
- Department of Crystallography, Institute of Earth Sciences, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab., 7/9, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia.
| | - Vitalii V Suslonov
- Center for X-ray Diffraction Studies, Research park, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskiy pr. 26, Saint Petersburg, Petrodvoretz198504, Russia.
| | - Olesya V Khoroshilova
- Center for X-ray Diffraction Studies, Research park, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskiy pr. 26, Saint Petersburg, Petrodvoretz198504, Russia.
| | - Aleksander V Vasilyev
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab., 7/9, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russia.
- Department of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State Forest Technical University, Institutsky per., 5, Saint Petersburg 194021, Russia.
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10
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Hu M, Qiu J, Zhang H, Fan X, Liu K, Zeng D, Tan H. Method Development and Validation of Indaziflam and Its Five Metabolites in Soil, Water, and Fruits by Modified QuEChERS and UHPLC-MS/MS. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:10300-10308. [PMID: 30212200 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
A method for simultaneously determining indaziflam and its five metabolites in soil, water, and fruits using ultraperformance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry was established. The analytes were eluted in <4.5 min. Positive electrospray ionization mode was used. The analytes were extracted using acetonitrile containing 1% ammonium hydroxide, and then the extracts were purified using octadecylsilane and PRiME HLB cartridges. The quantification limits were 0.01-1.01 μg kg-1. The linearities of the calibrations for all analytes were excellent ( R2 > 0.9952). The recoveries at spike concentrations of 0.01, 0.1, and 1 mg kg-1 were 81.3-112.1%. The intraday and interday relative standard deviations were <13.5% and <12.3%, respectively. The method was successfully used to determine indaziflam and its five metabolites in samples from markets and fields. The results confirmed that the method is an effective and robust procedure for routinely determining indaziflam and its metabolites in soil, water, and fruit samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfeng Hu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture , Guangxi University , Nanning , Guangxi 530004 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jingsi Qiu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture , Guangxi University , Nanning , Guangxi 530004 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture , Guangxi University , Nanning , Guangxi 530004 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaosu Fan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture , Guangxi University , Nanning , Guangxi 530004 , People's Republic of China
| | - Kunfeng Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture , Guangxi University , Nanning , Guangxi 530004 , People's Republic of China
| | - Dongqiang Zeng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture , Guangxi University , Nanning , Guangxi 530004 , People's Republic of China
| | - Huihua Tan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-Environment and Agro-Product Safety, National Demonstration Center for Experimental Plant Science Education, College of Agriculture , Guangxi University , Nanning , Guangxi 530004 , People's Republic of China
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Bhaskaruni SVHS, Maddila S, van Zyl WE, Jonnalagadda SB. Ag₂O on ZrO₂ as a Recyclable Catalyst for Multicomponent Synthesis of Indenopyrimidine Derivatives. Molecules 2018; 23:E1648. [PMID: 29976914 PMCID: PMC6100188 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe the synthesis of silver loaded on zirconia and its use as an efficient catalyst for a one-pot three-component reaction to synthesize 11 indenopyrimidine derivatives, of which 7 are new compounds. The procedure involves substituted benzaldehydes, indane-1,3-dione, and guanidinium hydrochloride, with ethanol as solvent. The proposed green protocol at room temperature is simple and efficient, giving excellent yields (90⁻96%) in short reaction times (<30 min). The protocol works well according to the green chemistry principles with respect to high atom economy, no need for column separation, and reusability of the catalyst, which are attractive features. XRD, TEM, SEM, and BET analysis were used to characterize the catalyst materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep V H S Bhaskaruni
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Chiltern Hills, Durban 4000, South Africa.
| | - Suresh Maddila
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Chiltern Hills, Durban 4000, South Africa.
| | - Werner E van Zyl
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Chiltern Hills, Durban 4000, South Africa.
| | - Sreekantha B Jonnalagadda
- School of Chemistry & Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville Campus, Chiltern Hills, Durban 4000, South Africa.
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12
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Abstract
Candida antarctica lipase B is stabilized in a porous, high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) of polydicyclopentadiene to enable biocatalytic waste stream upcycling. The immobilized lipase is subjected to thorough washing conditions and tested for stability in extreme environments and reusability. A porous internal microstructure is revealed through scanning electron microscopy. After preparation, lipase activity increased to 139 ± 9.7% of its original activity. After 10 cycles of reuse, immobilized lipase retains over 50% activity. Immobilized lipase retains activity after 24 h of exposure to temperatures ranging from 20 to 60 °C and pH values of 3, 7, and 10. In the most extreme environments tested, lipase retained 42.8 ± 21% relative activity after exposure to 60 °C and 49.4 ± 16% relative activity after exposure to pH 3. Polymerized HIPEs stabilize lipase and, thus, extend its working range. Further synthesis optimization has the potential to increase enzyme stability, immobilization efficiency, and uniformity. The reported hierarchical stabilization technique shows promise for use of immobilized lipase in non-ideal, industrially relevant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Andler
- Department of Food Science , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
| | - Julie M Goddard
- Department of Food Science , Cornell University , Ithaca , New York 14853 , United States
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13
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Shi Y, Quine RW, Rinard GA, Buchanan L, Eaton SS, Eaton GR, Epel B, Seagle SW, Halpern HJ. Triarylmethyl Radical OX063d24 Oximetry: Electron Spin Relaxation at 250 MHz and RF Frequency Dependence of Relaxation and Signal-to-Noise. Adv Exp Med Biol 2018; 977:327-334. [PMID: 28685462 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-55231-6_43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
The triarylmethyl radical OX063d24 is currently used for pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance oximetry at 250 MHz. Both 1/T 1 and 1/T 2 increase with increasing oxygen concentration. The dependence of 1/T 1 on probe concentration is smaller than for 1/T 2. To inform the selection of the optimum frequency for in vivo oximetry 1/T 1, 1/T 2 and signal-to-noise were measured as a function of frequency between 400 and 1000 MHz on a variable-frequency spectrometer with an adjustable-frequency cross-loop resonator. 1/T 1 and 1/T 2 decrease with increasing frequency and signal-to-noise increases with increasing frequency, which are all favourable for imaging at higher frequencies. However, depth of penetration of the radio frequency (RF) into an animal decreases with increasing frequency. Assuming that the RF loss in the animal to be studied determines the resonator Q, our results indicate that the optimum frequency for in vivo imaging will be determined by the desired depth of penetration in the tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for EPR Imaging In Vivo Physiology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80210, USA
| | - Richard W Quine
- School of Engineering and Computer Science and Center for EPR Imaging In Vivo Physiology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80210, USA
| | - George A Rinard
- School of Engineering and Computer Science and Center for EPR Imaging In Vivo Physiology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80210, USA
| | - Laura Buchanan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for EPR Imaging In Vivo Physiology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80210, USA
| | - Sandra S Eaton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for EPR Imaging In Vivo Physiology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80210, USA
| | - Gareth R Eaton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Center for EPR Imaging In Vivo Physiology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, 80210, USA.
| | - Boris Epel
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and Center for EPR Imaging In Vivo Physiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Simone Wanless Seagle
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and Center for EPR Imaging In Vivo Physiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Howard J Halpern
- Department of Radiation and Cellular Oncology and Center for EPR Imaging In Vivo Physiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
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14
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Tripathi SK, Xu T, Feng Q, Avula B, Shi X, Pan X, Mask MM, Baerson SR, Jacob MR, Ravu RR, Khan SI, Li XC, Khan IA, Clark AM, Agarwal AK. Two plant-derived aporphinoid alkaloids exert their antifungal activity by disrupting mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:16578-16593. [PMID: 28821607 PMCID: PMC5633121 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.781773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Eupolauridine and liriodenine are plant-derived aporphinoid alkaloids that exhibit potent inhibitory activity against the opportunistic fungal pathogens Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans However, the molecular mechanism of this antifungal activity is unknown. In this study, we show that eupolauridine 9591 (E9591), a synthetic analog of eupolauridine, and liriodenine methiodide (LMT), a methiodide salt of liriodenine, mediate their antifungal activities by disrupting mitochondrial iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster synthesis. Several lines of evidence supported this conclusion. First, both E9591 and LMT elicited a transcriptional response indicative of iron imbalance, causing the induction of genes that are required for iron uptake and for the maintenance of cellular iron homeostasis. Second, a genome-wide fitness profile analysis showed that yeast mutants with deletions in iron homeostasis-related genes were hypersensitive to E9591 and LMT. Third, treatment of wild-type yeast cells with E9591 or LMT generated cellular defects that mimicked deficiencies in mitochondrial Fe-S cluster synthesis including an increase in mitochondrial iron levels, a decrease in the activities of Fe-S cluster enzymes, a decrease in respiratory function, and an increase in oxidative stress. Collectively, our results demonstrate that E9591 and LMT perturb mitochondrial Fe-S cluster biosynthesis; thus, these two compounds target a cellular pathway that is distinct from the pathways commonly targeted by clinically used antifungal drugs. Therefore, the identification of this pathway as a target for antifungal compounds has potential applications in the development of new antifungal therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tao Xu
- From the National Center for Natural Products Research
| | - Qin Feng
- From the National Center for Natural Products Research
| | | | - Xiaomin Shi
- the Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, and
| | - Xuewen Pan
- the Verna and Marrs McLean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, and
| | - Melanie M Mask
- the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, University, Mississippi 38677
| | - Scott R Baerson
- the United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, University, Mississippi 38677
| | | | | | - Shabana I Khan
- From the National Center for Natural Products Research
- the Divisions of Pharmacognosy and
| | - Xing-Cong Li
- From the National Center for Natural Products Research
- the Divisions of Pharmacognosy and
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- From the National Center for Natural Products Research
- the Divisions of Pharmacognosy and
| | - Alice M Clark
- From the National Center for Natural Products Research
- the Divisions of Pharmacognosy and
| | - Ameeta K Agarwal
- From the National Center for Natural Products Research,
- Pharmacology, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677
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15
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Camps P, Gómez T, Otermin A, Font-Bardia M. Alternative Access to Functionalized 2,8-Ethanonoradamantane Derivatives. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22060906. [PMID: 28561800 PMCID: PMC6152640 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22060906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
7a-(Methoxycarbonyl)-N-methyl-1,3a,5,6,7,7a-hexahydro-4H-1,4,6-(epiethane[1,1,2]triyl)indene-4,9-dicarboximide has been prepared through a modification of a previous synthetic sequence, in which the benzyloxymethyl hydroxyl protecting group has been replaced by methoxymethyl, to avoid the apparent formation of a benzyl ester derivative as a side product. The overall yield of the new synthetic sequence is comparable to the previous one. Two advantages of the new procedure are: (a) no benzyl ester was formed and (b) a stereoisomeric mixture of syn- and anti-alcohols at the beginning of the synthetic sequence could be separated and the rest of the synthesis could be carried out with the main syn-stereoisomer instead of the corresponding stereoisomeric mixture as it was the case in the previous process. Additionally, several functional 2,8-ethanonoradamantane derivatives have been prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pelayo Camps
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de la Alimentació and Institut de Biomedicina (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Av. Joan XXIII 27-31, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
| | - Tània Gómez
- Departament de Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí Franquès s/n, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
| | - Ane Otermin
- Departament de Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí Franquès s/n, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
| | - Mercè Font-Bardia
- Departament de Mineralogia, Petrologia i Geologia Aplicada, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí Franquès s/n, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
- Unitat de Difracció de RX, Centres Científics i Tecnològics de la Universitat de Barcelona (CCiTUB), Solé i Sabarís 1-3, Barcelona 08028, Spain.
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16
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Irshaidat T. Toward Exploring Novel Organic Materials: MP4-DFT Properties of 4-Amino-3-Iminoindene. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22050720. [PMID: 28468290 PMCID: PMC6154669 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tautomerism links with many applications and remains an attracting feature in exploring novel systems. In this regard, properties of indene-based HNCCCN segments have not received any considerable attention. In this computational organic chemistry study, first, to calculate the proton transfer energy barrier at a reasonable cost, the study identified an accurate forth order Møller–Plesset perturbation theory-density functional theory (MP4-DFT) protocol equivalent to the outstanding pioneering benchmark calculations. The calculations illustrate that the two tautomers of the 4-amino-3-iminoindene nucleus are separated by a considerable energy barrier while featuring different molecular orbital characteristics; frontier orbital distribution, λmax, and energies, which are known basic requirements in molecular switching and logic circuit applications. The N-H/BH2 substitution was found to have significant influence on the electronic structure of the skeleton. Similarities in the two tautomers and the boron derivative to properties of known molecular materials have been found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tareq Irshaidat
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Al-Hussein Bin Talal University, P. O. Box 20, Ma'an, Jordan.
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17
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Guan X, Luo P, He Q, Hu Y, Ying H. Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Indene Derivatives as Retinoic Acid Receptor α Agonists. Molecules 2016; 22:molecules22010032. [PMID: 28035983 PMCID: PMC6155728 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel indene-derived retinoic acid receptor α (RARα) agonists have been designed and synthesized. The use of receptor binding, cell proliferation and cell differentiation assays demonstrated that most of these compounds exhibited moderate RARα binding activity and potent antiproliferative activity. In particular, 4-((3-isopropoxy-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-5-yl)-carbamoyl)benzoic acid (36d), which showed a moderate binding affinity, exhibited a great potential to induce the differentiation of NB4 cells (68.88% at 5 μM). Importantly, our work established indene as a promising skeleton for the development of novel RARα agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianghong Guan
- ZJU-ENS Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Peihua Luo
- ZJU-ENS Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Qiaojun He
- ZJU-ENS Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Yongzhou Hu
- ZJU-ENS Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Huazhou Ying
- ZJU-ENS Joint Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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18
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Xu F, Shi X, Zhang Q, Wang W. Mechanism for the growth of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from the reactions of naphthalene with cyclopentadienyl and indenyl. Chemosphere 2016; 162:345-354. [PMID: 27538266 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.07.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2016] [Revised: 06/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are globally concerned atmospheric particle-bound pollutants due to their toxicities. A mechanistic understanding of their formation from other environmental sources is of crucial importance for successful prevention of PAH. In the present work, the formation and growth mechanism of PAHs from the reactions of naphthalene with the cyclopentadienyl and indenyl radicals was investigated by using the hybrid density functional theory (DFT) at the MPWB1K/6-311+G(3df,2p)//MPWB1K/6-31+G(d,p) level. The rate constants for the crucial elementary steps were deduced with the aid of the canonical variational transition-state (CVT) theory with the small curvature tunneling (SCT) contribution. The formation of PAHs was involved in six elementary processes including: the addition reaction, ring closure, intramolecular H-shift, C-C cleavage, intramolecular H-shift and unimolecular elimination of CH3 or H. The C-C cleavage steps were revealed as the rate determining steps due to the extremely high barrier. At high temperature conditions like the combustion and pyrolysis of many hydrocarbons, the main products are phenanthrene, 4-methyl-phenanthrene and 1-methyl-phenanthrene from the reactions of naphthalene and cyclopentadienyl, and benzo(a)anthracene, 12-methyl-phenanthrene and 7-methyl-phenanthrene from the reactions of naphthalene and indenyl radicals. The reaction of naphthalene with indenyl radical is slightly more difficult than the reaction of naphthalene with cyclopentadienyl radical because of the bigger HOMO-LUMO orbital energy difference of naphthalene with indenyl relative to that of naphthalene with cyclopentadienyl.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xu
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, PR China
| | - Xiangli Shi
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, PR China
| | - Qingzhu Zhang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, PR China.
| | - Wenxing Wang
- Environment Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, PR China
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19
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He R, Huang X, Zhang Y, Wu L, Nie H, Zhou D, Liu B, Deng S, Yang R, Huang S, Nong Z, Li J, Huang Y. Structural Characterization and Assessment of the Cytotoxicity of 2,3-Dihydro-1H-indene Derivatives and Coumarin Glucosides from the Bark of Streblus indicus. J Nat Prod 2016; 79:2472-2478. [PMID: 27704822 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.6b00306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A pair of enantiomers and a pair of 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene epimers, rac-indidene A (rac-1), indidenes B and C (2, 3); four new coumarin glucosides (4-7); and four known coumarin glucosides (8-11) were isolated from the bark of Streblus indicus (Bur.) Corner. The structures of 1-11 were defined by physical data analyses, including MS, NMR, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The absolute configurations of the 2,3-dihydro-1H-indene derivatives were defined via experimental and calculated ECD data. rac-Indidene A and indidenes B and C showed inhibitory activity against A549 and MCF-7 tumor cells with IC50 values in the range of 2.2 ± 0.1 to 7.2 ± 0.9 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruijie He
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University , Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Functional Phytochemicals Research and Utilization, Guangxi Institute of Botany , Guilin 541006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xishan Huang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University , Guangzhou 510275, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University , Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangdeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University , Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Nie
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University , Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Dexiong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University , Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Buming Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards , Nanning 530022, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengping Deng
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University , Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruiyun Yang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University , Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuai Huang
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University , Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhijie Nong
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University , Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory for the Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources, College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Guangxi Normal University , Guilin 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Quality Standards , Nanning 530022, People's Republic of China
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20
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Khom S, Hintersteiner J, Luger D, Haider M, Pototschnig G, Mihovilovic MD, Schwarzer C, Hering S. Analysis of β-Subunit-dependent GABAA Receptor Modulation and Behavioral Effects of Valerenic Acid Derivatives. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2016; 357:580-90. [PMID: 27190170 PMCID: PMC4885513 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.232983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Valerenic acid (VA)-a β2/3-selective GABA type A (GABAA) receptor modulator-displays anxiolytic and anticonvulsive effects in mice devoid of sedation, making VA an interesting drug candidate. Here we analyzed β-subunit-dependent enhancement of GABA-induced chloride currents (IGABA) by a library of VA derivatives and studied their effects on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizure threshold and locomotion. Compound-induced IGABA enhancement was determined in oocytes expressing α1β1γ2S, α1β2γ2S, or α1β3γ2S receptors. Effects on seizure threshold and locomotion were studied using C57BL/6N mice and compared with saline-treated controls. β2/3-selective VA derivatives such as VA-amide (VA-A) modulating α1β3γ2S (VA-A: Emax = 972 ± 69%, n = 6, P < 0.05) and α1β2γ2S receptors (Emax = 1119 ± 72%, n = 6, P < 0.05) more efficaciously than VA (α1β3γ2S: VA: Emax = 632 ± 88%, n = 9 versus α1β2γ2S: VA: Emax = 721 ± 68%, n = 6) displayed significantly more pronounced seizure threshold elevation than VA (saline control: 40.4 ± 1.4 mg/kg PTZ versus VA 10 mg/kg: 49.0 ± 1.8 mg/kg PTZ versus VA-A 3 mg/kg: 57.9 ± 1.9 mg/kg PTZ, P < 0.05). Similarly, VA's methylamide (VA-MA) enhancing IGABA through β3-containing receptors more efficaciously than VA (Emax = 1043 ± 57%, P < 0.01, n = 6) displayed stronger anticonvulsive effects. Increased potency of IGABA enhancement and anticonvulsive effects at lower doses compared with VA were observed for VA-tetrazole (α1β3γ2S: VA-TET: EC50 = 6.0 ± 1.0 μM, P < 0.05; VA-TET: 0.3 mg/kg: 47.3 ± 0.5 mg/kg PTZ versus VA: 10 mg/kg: 49.0 ± 1.8 mg/kg PTZ, P < 0.05). At higher doses (≥10 mg/kg), VA-A, VA-MA, and VA-TET reduced locomotion. In contrast, unselective VA derivatives induced anticonvulsive effects only at high doses (30 mg/kg) or did not display any behavioral effects. Our data indicate that the β2/3-selective compounds VA-A, VA-MA, and VA-TET induce anticonvulsive effects at low doses (≤10 mg/kg), whereas impairment of locomotion was observed at doses ≥10 mg/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Khom
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (S.K., J.H., D.L., S.H.); Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria (M.H., G.P., M.D.M.); and Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (C.S.)
| | - J Hintersteiner
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (S.K., J.H., D.L., S.H.); Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria (M.H., G.P., M.D.M.); and Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (C.S.)
| | - D Luger
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (S.K., J.H., D.L., S.H.); Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria (M.H., G.P., M.D.M.); and Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (C.S.)
| | - M Haider
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (S.K., J.H., D.L., S.H.); Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria (M.H., G.P., M.D.M.); and Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (C.S.)
| | - G Pototschnig
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (S.K., J.H., D.L., S.H.); Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria (M.H., G.P., M.D.M.); and Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (C.S.)
| | - M D Mihovilovic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (S.K., J.H., D.L., S.H.); Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria (M.H., G.P., M.D.M.); and Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (C.S.)
| | - C Schwarzer
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (S.K., J.H., D.L., S.H.); Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria (M.H., G.P., M.D.M.); and Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (C.S.)
| | - S Hering
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria (S.K., J.H., D.L., S.H.); Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria (M.H., G.P., M.D.M.); and Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria (C.S.)
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21
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Ricigliano V, Kumar S, Kinison S, Brooks C, Nybo SE, Chappell J, Howarth DG. Regulation of sesquiterpenoid metabolism in recombinant and elicited Valeriana officinalis hairy roots. Phytochemistry 2016; 125:43-53. [PMID: 26920719 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 02/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The medicinal properties of Valerian (Valeriana officinalis) root preparations are attributed to the anxiolytic sesquiterpenoid valerenic acid and its biosynthetic precursors valerenal and valerenadiene, as well as the anti-inflammatory sesquiterpenoid β-caryophyllene. In order to study and engineer the biosynthesis of these pharmacologically active metabolites, a binary vector co-transformation system was developed for V. officinalis hairy roots. The relative expression levels and jasmonate-inducibility of a number of genes associated with sesquiterpenoid metabolism were profiled in roots: farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase (VoFPS), valerendiene synthase (VoVDS), germacrene C synthase (VoGCS), and a cytochrome P450 (CYP71D442) putatively associated with terpene metabolism based on sequence homology. Recombinant hairy root lines overexpressing VoFPS or VoVDS were generated and compared to control cultures. Overexpression of the VoFPS cDNA increased levels of the corresponding transcript 4- to 8-fold and sesquiterpene hydrocarbon accumulation by 1.5- to 4-fold. Overexpression of the VoVDS cDNA increased the corresponding transcript levels 5- to 9-fold and markedly increased yields of the oxygenated sesquiterpenoids valerenic acid and valerenal. Our findings suggest that the availability of cytoplasmic farnesyl diphosphate and valerenadiene are potential bottlenecks in Valeriana-specific sesquiterpenoid biosynthesis, which is also subject to regulation by methyl jasmonate elicitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Ricigliano
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Jamaica, NY 11439, United States.
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, United States
| | - Scott Kinison
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, United States
| | - Christopher Brooks
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Jamaica, NY 11439, United States
| | - S Eric Nybo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, United States
| | - Joe Chappell
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, United States.
| | - Dianella G Howarth
- Department of Biological Sciences, St. John's University, Jamaica, NY 11439, United States.
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22
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Jeong Y, Lim SM, Hong S. Discovery of wrightiadione as a novel template for the TrkA kinase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:5186-9. [PMID: 26442778 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.09.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatic kinase assays and docking simulation studies have shown that the natural product wrightiadione displays inhibitory activity toward TrkA and PLK3. In this study, the template of wrightiadione served as a starting point for Trk inhibitor development campaigns. Molecular simulation provided structural insights for the design of derivatives that were efficiently generated by our recently developed 3-step tandem synthetic approach, resulting in the discovery of compound 2h with biochemical potency at the single-digit micromolar level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujeong Jeong
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalization, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Min Lim
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalization, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungwoo Hong
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalization, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea; Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Jeon SH, Hwang KH, Jung WS, Seo HJ, Nam SW, Boo JH, Yun SH. Flow Manipulation in Thread-Based Microfluidics by Tuning the Wettability of Wool. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2015; 11:319-24. [PMID: 26349307 DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2015.2032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress in thread-based microfluidic devices has provided portable and inexpensive field-based technologies enabling medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and food safety analysis. However, capillary-driven liquid flow in a single thread, a crucial aspect of thread-based microfluidics, is difficult to control. Among potential materials, hydrophobic wool thread is an appropriate candidate for liquid flow control in thread-based microfluidics because its wettability can be readily tuned by the introduction of a natural color pigment, thereby manipulating flow. Thus, utilizing natural wool thread as a channel, we demonstrate here that liquid flow manipulations, such as microselecting and micromixing, can be achieved by coating the complex Al(III) (Alum) brazilein onto wool thread. In addition to enabling flow control, the coated wool channels consisting entirely of naturally occurring substances will be beneficial for biological sensing devices.
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24
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Hu YB, Sun JY, Yu TY, Wang JC, He JS, Zhou YL, Li XW. Proliferative Constituents from the Leaves of Micromelum integerrimum. Nat Prod Commun 2015; 10:1711-1714. [PMID: 26669109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Two new compounds, 5-O-methyl-4-desmethyl-myricanol (1) and 6-formyl-5-isopropyl-3-hydroxymethyl-7-methyl-1H-indene (2), were isolated from the leaves of Micromelum integerrimum. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods. Additionally, compound 1 could stimulate the growth of NIH3T3 cells and promote cell migration. Compound 1 might exert its effects through increasing the protein expression of connective tissue growth factor.
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25
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Feng Y, Holte D, Zoller J, Umemiya S, Simke LR, Baran PS. Total Synthesis of Verruculogen and Fumitremorgin A Enabled by Ligand-Controlled C-H Borylation. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:10160-3. [PMID: 26256033 PMCID: PMC4777340 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.5b07154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Verruculogen and fumitremorgin A are bioactive alkaloids that contain a unique eight-membered endoperoxide. Although related natural products such as fumitremorgins B and C have been previously synthesized, we report the first synthesis of the more complex, endoperoxide-containing members of this family. A concise route to verruculogen and fumitremorgin A relied not only on a hydroperoxide/indole hemiaminal cyclization, but also on the ability to access the seemingly simple starting material, 6-methoxytryptophan. An iridium-catalyzed C-H borylation/Chan-Lam procedure guided by an N-TIPS group enabled the conversion of a tryptophan derivative into a 6-methoxytryptophan derivative, proving to be a general way to functionalize the C6 position of an N,C3-disubstituted indole for the synthesis of indole-containing natural products and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jochen Zoller
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Shigenobu Umemiya
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Leah R. Simke
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Phil S. Baran
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
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26
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Abstract
We present the first accurate quantum dynamics calculations of mode-specific tunneling splittings in a sequential double-hydrogen transfer process. This is achieved in the vinylidene-acetylene system, the simplest molecular system of this kind, and by large-scale parallel computations with an efficient theoretical scheme developed by us. In our scheme, basis functions are customized for the hydrogen transfer process; a 4-dimensional basis contraction strategy is combined with the preconditioned inexact spectral transform method; efficient parallel implementation is achieved. Mode-specific permutation tunneling splittings of vinylidene states are reported and tremendous mode-specific promotion effects are revealed; in particular, the CH2 rock mode enhances the ground-state splitting by a factor of 10(3). We find that the ground-state vinylidene has a reversible-isomerization time of 622 ps, much longer than all previous estimates. Our calculations also shed light on the importance of the deep intermediate well and vibrational excitation in the double-hydrogen transfer processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghui Ren
- †Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
- ‡University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wensheng Bian
- †Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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27
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Fyans JK, Altowairish MS, Li Y, Bignell DRD. Characterization of the Coronatine-Like Phytotoxins Produced by the Common Scab Pathogen Streptomyces scabies. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2015; 28:443-454. [PMID: 25423263 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-09-14-0255-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Streptomyces scabies is an important causative agent of common scab disease of potato tubers and other root crops. The primary virulence factor produced by this pathogen is a phytotoxic secondary metabolite called thaxtomin A, which is essential for disease development. In addition, the genome of S. scabies harbors a virulence-associated biosynthetic gene cluster called the coronafacic acid (CFA)-like gene cluster, which was previously predicted to produce metabolites that resemble the Pseudomonas syringae coronatine (COR) phytotoxin. COR consists of CFA linked to an ethylcyclopropyl amino acid called coronamic acid, which is derived from L-allo-isoleucine. Using a combination of genetic and chemical analyses, we show that the S. scabies CFA-like gene cluster is responsible for producing CFA-L-isoleucine as the major product as well as other minor COR-like metabolites. Production of the metabolites was shown to require the cfl gene, which is located within the CFA-like gene cluster and encodes an enzyme involved in ligating CFA to its amino acid partner. CFA-L-isoleucine purified from S. scabies cultures was shown to exhibit bioactivity similar to that of COR, though it was found to be less toxic than COR. This is the first report demonstrating the production of coronafacoyl phytotoxins by S. scabies, which is the most prevalent scab-causing pathogen in North America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna K Fyans
- Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL A1B 3X9, Canada
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28
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Ananth S, Vivek P, Saravana Kumar G, Murugakoothan P. Performance of Caesalpinia sappan heartwood extract as photo sensitizer for dye sensitized solar cells. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2015; 137:345-350. [PMID: 25233024 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.08.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2014] [Revised: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 08/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A natural dye extracted from Caesalpinia sappan heartwood was used as photo sensitizer for the first time to fabricate titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles based dye sensitized solar cells. Brazilin and brazilein are the major pigments present in the natural dye and their optimized molecular structure were calculated using Density functional theory (DFT) at 6-31G (d) level. The HOMO-LUMO were performed to reveal the energy gap using optimized structure. Pure TiO2 nanoparticles in anatase phase were synthesized by sol-gel technique. The pure and natural dye sensitized TiO2 nanoparticles were subjected to structural, optical, spectral and morphological studies. Low cost and environment friendly dye sensitized solar cells were fabricated using natural dye sensitized TiO2 based photo anode. The solar light to electron conversion efficiency of Caesalpinia sappan heartwood extract sensitized dye sensitized solar cell is 1.1%.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ananth
- MRDL, PG & Research Department of Physics, Pachaiyappa's College, Chennai 600 030, India
| | - P Vivek
- MRDL, PG & Research Department of Physics, Pachaiyappa's College, Chennai 600 030, India
| | - G Saravana Kumar
- MRDL, PG & Research Department of Physics, Pachaiyappa's College, Chennai 600 030, India
| | - P Murugakoothan
- MRDL, PG & Research Department of Physics, Pachaiyappa's College, Chennai 600 030, India.
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29
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Geng X, Jin L, Shimada M, Kim MG, Mackey D. The phytotoxin coronatine is a multifunctional component of the virulence armament of Pseudomonas syringae. Planta 2014; 240:1149-65. [PMID: 25156488 PMCID: PMC4228168 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-014-2151-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Plant pathogens deploy an array of virulence factors to suppress host defense and promote pathogenicity. Numerous strains of Pseudomonas syringae produce the phytotoxin coronatine (COR). A major aspect of COR function is its ability to mimic a bioactive jasmonic acid (JA) conjugate and thus target the JA-receptor COR-insensitive 1 (COI1). Biological activities of COR include stimulation of JA-signaling and consequent suppression of SA-dependent defense through antagonistic crosstalk, antagonism of stomatal closure to allow bacterial entry into the interior of plant leaves, contribution to chlorotic symptoms in infected plants, and suppression of plant cell wall defense through perturbation of secondary metabolism. Here, we review the virulence function of COR, including updates on these established activities as well as more recent findings revealing COI1-independent activity of COR and shedding light on cooperative or redundant defense suppression between COR and type III effector proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueqing Geng
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240 People’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Jin
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Mikiko Shimada
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
| | - Min Gab Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, PMBBRC Gyeongsang National University, Jinju daero, Jinju, 660-751 Republic of Korea
| | - David Mackey
- Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210 USA
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30
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Trigo C, Spokas KA, Cox L, Koskinen WC. Influence of soil biochar aging on sorption of the herbicides MCPA, nicosulfuron, terbuthylazine, indaziflam, and fluoroethyldiaminotriazine. J Agric Food Chem 2014; 62:10855-60. [PMID: 25338136 DOI: 10.1021/jf5034398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Sorption of four herbicides and a metabolite of indaziflam on a fresh macadamia nut biochar and biochars aged one or two years in soil was characterized. On fresh biochar, the sorption was terbuthylazine (Kd = 595) > indaziflam (Kd = 162) > MCPA (Kd = 7.5) > fluoroethyldiaminotriazine (Kd = 0.26) and nicosulfuron (Kd = 0). Biochar surface area increased with aging attributed to the loss of a surface film. This was also manifested in a decline in water extractable organic carbon with aging. Correspondingly, an increase in the aromaticity was observed. The higher surface area and porosity in aged biochar increased sorption of indaziflam (KdBC-2yr = 237) and fluoroethyldiaminotriazine (KdBC-1yr = 1.2 and KdBC-2yr = 3.0), but interestingly decreased sorption of terbuthylazine (KdBC-1yr = 312 and KdBC-2yr = 221) and MCPA (KdBC-1yr = 2 and KdBC-2yr = 2). These results will facilitate development of biochars for specific remediation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Trigo
- Department of Soil, Water & Climate, University of Minnesota , 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
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31
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Abstract
Cellulose biosynthesis is a common feature of land plants. Therefore, cellulose biosynthesis inhibitors (CBIs) have a potentially broad-acting herbicidal mode of action and are also useful tools in decoding fundamental aspects of cellulose biosynthesis. Here, we characterize the herbicide indaziflam as a CBI and provide insight into its inhibitory mechanism. Indaziflam-treated seedlings exhibited the CBI-like symptomologies of radial swelling and ectopic lignification. Furthermore, indaziflam inhibited the production of cellulose within <1 h of treatment and in a dose-dependent manner. Unlike the CBI isoxaben, indaziflam had strong CBI activity in both a monocotylonous plant (Poa annua) and a dicotyledonous plant (Arabidopsis [Arabidopsis thaliana]). Arabidopsis mutants resistant to known CBIs isoxaben or quinoxyphen were not cross resistant to indaziflam, suggesting a different molecular target for indaziflam. To explore this further, we monitored the distribution and mobility of fluorescently labeled CELLULOSE SYNTHASE A (CESA) proteins in living cells of Arabidopsis during indaziflam exposure. Indaziflam caused a reduction in the velocity of YELLOW FLUORESCENT PROTEIN:CESA6 particles at the plasma membrane focal plane compared with controls. Microtubule morphology and motility were not altered after indaziflam treatment. In the hypocotyl expansion zone, indaziflam caused an atypical increase in the density of plasma membrane-localized CESA particles. Interestingly, this was accompanied by a cellulose synthase interacting1-independent reduction in the normal coincidence rate between microtubules and CESA particles. As a CBI, for which there is little evidence of evolved weed resistance, indaziflam represents an important addition to the action mechanisms available for weed management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad Brabham
- Departments of Horticulture (C.B., J.S., S.D.) and Plant and Soil Science (M.B.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546; andDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 (L.L., Y.G.)
| | - Lei Lei
- Departments of Horticulture (C.B., J.S., S.D.) and Plant and Soil Science (M.B.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546; andDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 (L.L., Y.G.)
| | - Ying Gu
- Departments of Horticulture (C.B., J.S., S.D.) and Plant and Soil Science (M.B.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546; andDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 (L.L., Y.G.)
| | - Jozsef Stork
- Departments of Horticulture (C.B., J.S., S.D.) and Plant and Soil Science (M.B.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546; andDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 (L.L., Y.G.)
| | - Michael Barrett
- Departments of Horticulture (C.B., J.S., S.D.) and Plant and Soil Science (M.B.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546; andDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 (L.L., Y.G.)
| | - Seth DeBolt
- Departments of Horticulture (C.B., J.S., S.D.) and Plant and Soil Science (M.B.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40546; andDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 (L.L., Y.G.)
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32
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Zhao S, Wang XP, Jiang JF, Chai YS, Tian Y, Feng TS, Ding Y, Huang J, Lei F, Xing DM, Du LJ. Transport and metabolism behavior of brazilein during its entrance into neural cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108000. [PMID: 25275506 PMCID: PMC4183444 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Brazilein, a natural small molecule, shows a variety of pharmacological activities, especially on nervous system and immune system. As a potential multifunctional drug, we studied the distribution and the transport behavior and metabolic behavior of brazilein in vivo and in vitro. Brazilein was found to be able to distribute in the mouse brain and transport into neural cells. A metabolite was found in the brain and in the cells. Positive and negative mode-MS/MS and Q-TOF were used to identify the metabolite. MS/MS fragmentation mechanisms showed the methylation occurred at the 10-hydroxyl of brazilein (10-O-methylbrazilein). Further, catechol-O- methyltransferase (COMT) was confirmed as a crucial enzyme correlated with the methylated metabolite generation by molecular docking and pharmacological experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Pei Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing-Fei Jiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Shuang Chai
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Drug Discovery Facility, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Tian-Shi Feng
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Drug Discovery Facility, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Fan Lei
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Dong-Ming Xing
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Jun Du
- MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences, Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Life Sciences and School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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Lee J, Kim H, Lee TG, Yang I, Won DH, Choi H, Nam SJ, Kang H. Anmindenols A and B, inducible nitric oxide synthase inhibitors from a marine-derived Streptomyces sp. J Nat Prod 2014; 77:1528-1531. [PMID: 24878306 DOI: 10.1021/np500285a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Anmindenols A (1) and B (2), inhibitors of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), were isolated from a marine-derived bacterium Streptomyces sp. Their chemical structures were elucidated by interpreting various spectroscopic data, including IR, MS, and NMR. Anmindenols A and B are sesquiterpenoids possessing an indene moiety with five- and six-membered rings derived from isoprenyl units. The absolute configuration of C-4 in anmindenol B was determined by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) of a dimolybdenum complex. Anmindenols A (1) and B (2) inhibited nitric oxide production in stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells with IC50 values of 23 and 19 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Lee
- Center for Marine Natural Products and Drug Discovery, School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University , NS-80, Seoul 151-747, Korea
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Zuo GY, Han ZQ, Hao XY, Han J, Li ZS, Wang GC. Synergy of aminoglycoside antibiotics by 3-Benzylchroman derivatives from the Chinese drug Caesalpinia sappan against clinical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Phytomedicine 2014; 21:936-941. [PMID: 24703330 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2014.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The in vitro antimicrobial activities of three 3-Benzylchroman derivatives, i.e. Brazilin (1), Brazilein (2) and Sappanone B (3) from Caesalpinia sappan L. (Leguminosae) were assayed, which mainly dealt with synergistic evaluation of aminoglycoside and other type of antibiotics against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by the three compounds through the Chequerboard and Time-kill curve methods. The results showed that Compounds 1-3 alone exhibited moderate to weak activity against methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) and other standard strains by MICs/MBCs ranged from 32/64 to >1024/>1024 μg/ml, with the order of activity as 1>2>3. Chequerboard method showed significant anti-MRSA synergy of 1/Aminoglycosides (Gentamicin, Amikacin, Etimicin and Streptomycin) combinations with (FICIs)50 at 0.375-0.5. The combined (MICs)50 values (μg/ml) reduced from 32-128/16-64 to 4-8/4-16, respectively. The percent of reduction by MICs ranged from 50% to 87.5%, with a maximum of 93.8% (1/16 of the alone MIC). Combinations of 2 and 3 with Aminoglycosides and the other antibiotics showed less potency of synergy. The dynamic Time-killing experiment further demonstrated that the combinations of 1/aminoglycoside were synergistically bactericidal against MRSA. The anti-MRSA synergy results of the bacteriostatic (Chequerboard method) and bactericidal (time-kill method) efficiencies of 1/Aminoglycoside combinations was in good consistency, which made the resistance reversed by CLSI guidelines. We concluded that the 3-Benzylchroman derivative Brazilin (1) showed in vitro synergy of bactericidal activities against MRSA when combined with Aminoglycosides, which might be beneficial for combinatory therapy of MRSA infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Y Zuo
- Research Center for Natural Medicines, Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Kunming 650032, China.
| | - Z Q Han
- Research Center for Natural Medicines, Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Kunming 650032, China; School of Pharmacy, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - X Y Hao
- School of Pharmacy, Guiyang Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - J Han
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunnan Traditional Chinese Medical College, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Z S Li
- Kunming Institute of Virology of Chengdu Military Command, Kunming 650032, China
| | - G C Wang
- Research Center for Natural Medicines, Kunming General Hospital of Chengdu Military Command, Kunming 650032, China
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35
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Chang YC, Lu CK, Chiang YR, Wang GJ, Ju YM, Kuo YH, Lee TH. Diterpene glycosides and polyketides from Xylotumulus gibbisporus. J Nat Prod 2014; 77:751-757. [PMID: 24597849 DOI: 10.1021/np400523k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Four new tetracyclic diterpene glycosides, namely, sordarins C-F (1-4), and three new γ-lactone polyketides, namely, xylogiblactones A-C (5-7), along with sordarin were isolated from the ethyl acetate extracts of the fermented broths of Xylotumulus gibbisporus YMJ863. The structures of 1-7 were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data analyses. The configurations of 1-4 were deduced by NOESY, molecular modeling, and comparison with the literature. The relative configurations of 5-7 were deduced by X-ray crystallographic analysis of 5. Compounds 1-5 and sordarin were evaluated in an antifungal assay using Candida albicans ATCC 18804, C. albicans ATCC MYA-2876, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 2345, and only sordarin exhibited significant antifungal activities against these fungal strains, with MIC values of 64.0, 32.0, and 32.0 μg/mL, respectively. The effect of compounds 1-7 and sordarin on the inhibition of NO production in lipopolysaccharide-activated murine macrophages was also evaluated. Compounds 2 and sordarin inhibited NO production with IC50 values of 327.2±46.6 and 157.1±24.1 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Chih Chang
- College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University , Taipei, Taiwan 110
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Al Chab F, Fenet B, Le Borgne M, Jose J, Pinaud N, Guillon J, Ettouati L. 1H and 13C NMR assignments of bioactive indeno[1,2-b]indole-10-one derivatives. Magn Reson Chem 2013; 51:837-841. [PMID: 24123338 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.4016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 09/04/2013] [Accepted: 09/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The complete (1)H and (13)C assignments of eight bioactive indeno[1,2-b]indole-10-one derivatives were accomplished by the combined use of one-dimensional and two-dimensional NMR experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faten Al Chab
- Université Lyon 1, Faculté de Pharmacie - ISPB, EA 4446 Biomolécules Cancer et Chimiorésistances, SFR Santé Lyon-Est CNRS UMS3453 - INSERM US7, Université de Lyon, 8 avenue Rockefeller, F-69373, Lyon, France
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Matsuo Y, Kawai J, Inada H, Nakagawa T, Ota H, Otsubo S, Nakamura E. Addition of dihydromethano group to fullerenes to improve the performance of bulk heterojunction organic solar cells. Adv Mater 2013; 25:6266-6269. [PMID: 23996807 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201302607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Adding a compact dihydromethano (CH2 ) group to a 58π-indene fullerene (C60 (Ind)) creates a 56π-electron dihydromethano/indene fullerene (C60 (CH2 )(Ind)) and raises the LUMO level with only a minimal increase in size. This class of compounds features reduced conjugation that raises the LUMO level, and a high electron mobility because of the small CH2 addend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Matsuo
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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Zhou Y, Taima T, Kuwabara T, Takahashi K. Efficient small-molecule photovoltaic cells using a crystalline diindenoperylene film as a nanostructured template. Adv Mater 2013; 25:6069-6075. [PMID: 24000173 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201302167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 07/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A cascade-type small-molecule organic photovoltaic cell using a crystalline diindenoperylene film as a nanostructured template is demonstrated. This cell architecture simultaneously realizes organic nanostructure and cascade energy concepts, which significantly improves the photocurrent generation and fill factor, leading to a power conversion efficiency of 5.2±0.3%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhou
- Research Center for Sustainable Energy and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
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Kadam SH, Paknikar SK, Rao GV. Revised structures of nardal and nardin: identity with valerenal and valerenic acid. Nat Prod Commun 2013; 8:1513-1514. [PMID: 24427929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Structure 2 assigned presently to nardin is revised to that of valerenic acid (4), and structure 1 assigned presently to nardal is revised to that of valerenal (3). The names valerenic acid and valerenal have priority so the names nardin and nardal should no longer be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahuraj H Kadam
- Prof S. C. Bhattacharyya Organic Synthesis Laboratory, VerGo Pharma Research, Verna, Goa 403722, India
| | - Shashikumar K Paknikar
- Prof S. C. Bhattacharyya Organic Synthesis Laboratory, VerGo Pharma Research, Verna, Goa 403722, India
| | - G Venkateswara Rao
- Cavinkare Research Centre, No 12, Poonamalle Road, Ekkattuthangal, Chennai 600032, India
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Muthu S, Ramachandran G. Spectroscopic studies (FTIR, FT-Raman and UV-Visible), normal coordinate analysis, NBO analysis, first order hyper polarizability, HOMO and LUMO analysis of (1R)-N-(Prop-2-yn-1-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-amine molecule by ab initio HF and density functional methods. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2013; 121:394-403. [PMID: 24280302 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.10.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and FT-Raman of (1R)-N-(Prop-2-yn-1-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-amine (1RNPDA) were recorded in the regions 4000-400 cm(-1) and 4000-100 cm(-1) respectively. A complete assignment and analysis of the fundamental vibrational modes of the molecule were carried out. The observed fundamental modes have been compared with the harmonic vibrational frequencies computed using HF method by employing 6-31G(d,p) basis set and DFT(B3LYP) method by employing 6-31G(d,p) basis set. The vibrational studies were interpreted in terms of Potential Energy Distribution (PED). The complete vibrational frequency assignments were made by Normal Co-ordinate Analysis (NCA) following the scaled quantum mechanical force field methodology (SQMFF). The first order hyper polarizability (β0) of this molecular system and related properties (α, μ, and Δα) are calculated using B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) method based on the finite-field approach. The thermodynamic functions of the title compound were also performed at the above methods and basis set. A detailed interpretation of the infrared and Raman spectra of 1RNPDA is reported. The (1)H and (13)C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) chemical shifts of the molecule were calculated using the GIAO method confirms with the experimental values. Stability of the molecule arising from hyper-conjugative interactions and charge delocalization has been analyzed using Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis. UV-vis spectrum of the compound was recorded and electronic properties such as excitation energies, oscillator strength and wavelength were performed by TD-DFT/B3LYP using 6-31G(d,p) basis set. The HOMO and LUMO energy gap reveals that the energy gap reflects the chemical activity of the molecule. The observed and calculated wave numbers are formed to be in good agreement. The experimental spectra also coincide satisfactorily with those of theoretically constructed spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Muthu
- Department of Physics, Sri Venkateswara College of Engg., Sriperumbudur 602 105, India.
| | - G Ramachandran
- Research Scholar, Research and Development Centre, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641046, India
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Kim SH, Shin SJ, Lenhardt JM, Braun T, Sain JD, Valdez CA, Leif RN, Kucheyev SO, Wu KJJ, Biener J, Satcher JH, Hamza AV. Deterministic control over high-Z doping of polydicyclopentadiene-based aerogel coatings. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2013; 5:8111-8119. [PMID: 23895541 DOI: 10.1021/am4021878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report on simple and efficient routes to dope polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD)-based aerogels and their coatings with high-Z tracer elements. Initially, direct halogenation of PDCPD wet gels and aerogels with elemental iodine or bromine was studied. Although several pathways were identified that allowed doping of PDCPD aerogels by direct addition of bromine or iodine to the unsaturated polymer backbone, they all provided limited control over the amount and uniformity of doping, especially at very low dopant concentrations. Deterministic control over the doping level in polymeric aerogels and aerogel coatings was then achieved by developing a copolymerization approach with iodine and tin containing comonomers. Our results highlight the versatility of the ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP)-based copolymerization approach in terms of functionalization and doping of low density polymeric aerogels and their coatings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Ho Kim
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, 7000 East Avenue, Livermore, California 94550, USA.
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Lim K, Ju MJ, Song J, Choi IT, Do K, Choi H, Song K, Kim HK, Ko J. Organic sensitizers featuring a planar indeno[1,2-b]-thiophene for efficient dye-sensitized solar cells. ChemSusChem 2013; 6:1425-1431. [PMID: 23788486 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.201300281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
An efficient organic sensitizer (JK-306) featuring a planar indeno[1,2-b]thiophene as the π-linker of a bridging unit for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) was synthesized. The sensitizer had a strong molar absorption coefficient and a red-shifted absorption band compared with JK-305, which resulted in a significant increase in the short-circuit photocurrent density. We incorporated a highly congested bulky amino group into the 2',4'-dihexyloxybiphenyl-4-yl moiety, an electron donor, to diminish the charge recombination and to prevent aggregation of the sensitizer. Under standard AM 1.5G solar conditions, JK-306-sensitized cells in the presence of co-adsorbents chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and 4-[bis(9,9-dimethyl-9H-fluoren-2-yl)amino]benzoic acid (HC-A), which afforded an overall conversion efficiency of 8.37% and 8.52%, respectively. Upon changing the I(-) /I3 (-) electrolyte to the Co(II) /Co(III) redox couple, the cell gave rise to a significantly improved conversion efficiency of 10.02% with the multifunctional HC-A, which is one of the highest values reported for DSSCs with a cobalt-based electrolyte. Furthermore, the JK-306-based solar cell with a polymer gel electrolyte revealed a high conversion efficiency of 7.61%, which is one of the highest values for cells based on organic sensitizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimin Lim
- Photovoltaic Materials, Department of Material Chemistry, Korea University 2511 Sejong-Ro, Sejong 339-700, South Korea
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Kumar P, Singh A, Sharma U, Singh D, Dobhal MP, Singh S. Anti-mycobacterial activity of plumericin and isoplumericin against MDR Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Pulm Pharmacol Ther 2013; 26:332-5. [PMID: 23333815 DOI: 10.1016/j.pupt.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Revised: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Because of the developing resistance of Mycobacterium species against currently available anti-mycobacterial drugs, there is an urgent need for new drug development. In this study, we have evaluated the in vitro anti-mycobacterial activity of Plumeria bicolor extract and its phytoconstituents - plumericin and isoplumericin against multi-drug resistance Mycobacterium tuberculosis. METHODS The in vitro anti-mycobacterial activity of chloroform extract of P. bicolor, plumericin and isoplumericin were tested against M. tuberculosis (H37Rv) and four multi-drug resistant (MDR) clinical isolates by measuring the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using MTT (Tetrazolium bromide [3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide]) assay. The extract and both compounds were further evaluated by standard assay procedures to determine their minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Cytotoxicity of these compounds was performed against J774G8 murine macrophage cell lines. The activity was represented in the mean (±SD) of duplicate samples from three independent assays. RESULTS Plumericin showed better activity against pan sensitive as well as four MDR strains of M. tuberculosis with MIC values of 2.1 ± 0.12, 1.3 ± 0.15, 2.0 ± 0.07, 1.5 ± 0.13 & 2.0 ± 0.14 μg/mL and MBC values of 3.6 ± 0.22, 2.5 ± 0.18, 3.8 ± 0.27, 2.9 ± 0.20 & 3.7 ± 0.32 μg/mL than isoplumericin, respectively. Interestingly, both isolated active compounds showed an advantage over rifampicin (80 times) and isoniazid (8 times) by being highly active against the MDR strains. The extract and both compounds were found to be non-toxic against J774G8 macrophages up to the used concentrations. CONCLUSION Plumericin showed more potent activity than isoplumericin. The excellent activity of these compounds against MDR strains opens a possibility of obtaining new anti-mycobacterial drug candidate in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parveen Kumar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi 110 029, India
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Chaudhuri T, Salampuria S, Tapaswi PK, Mukhopadhyay C, Chattopadhyay S, Banerjee M. Charge transfer energies of the complexes of (dibenzoylmethanato)boron difluoride with indeno-pyridines and polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2013; 108:181-185. [PMID: 23474477 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2013.01.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 01/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Charge transfer complexes of electron deficient (dibenzoylmethanato)boron difluoride (DBMBF2) with polyaromatic hydrocarbons (A), as well as with highly electron rich indeno-pyridines (I) compounds in ethanol medium have been studied by electronic absorption spectroscopy. Absorption band due to a charge-transfer (CT) transitions are observed in the visible region. Utilizing the CT transition energy, the vertical electron affinities (EA(v)) of DBMBF2 in ethanol has been calculated. The value of EA(v) for DBMBF2 is found to be 2.28 eV, this is the first report of its electron affinity value. We have calculated the degrees of CT and transition dipole strengths of the DBMBF2/A and DBMBF2/I complexes. Along with both theoretically calculated and experimentally obtained vertical ionization potentials of the indeno-pyridine donors have been estimated for the first time. I show high degree of charge transfer along with high ground state stability similar to that of A. Thus indeno-pyridine (I) donors are also as good as aromatic hydrocarbons (A) for DBMBF2, having equivalent ionization potential like that of aromatic hydrocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tandrima Chaudhuri
- Department of Chemistry, Dr. Bhupendranath Dutta Smriti Mahavidyalaya, Hatgobindapur, Burdwan 713 407, India.
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Lee JM, Kwon BH, Park HI, Kim H, Kim MG, Park JS, Kim ES, Yoo S, Jeon DY, Kim SO. Exciton dissociation and charge-transport enhancement in organic solar cells with quantum-dot/N-doped CNT hybrid nanomaterials. Adv Mater 2013; 25:2011-7. [PMID: 23315683 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201204454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2012] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The incorporation of InP quantum-dot/N-doped multiwalled carbon nanotube (QD:NCNT) nanohybrids in the active layer of poly(3-hexylthiophene)/indene-C60 bisadduct (P3HT/ICBA) bulk-heterojuction solar cells enhances V(OC) and J(SC) . The QDs encourage exciton dissociation by promoting electron transfer, while the NCNTs enhance the transport of the separated electrons and eventual charge collection. Such a synergistic effect successfully improves the power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 4.68% (reference cells) to 6.11%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju Min Lee
- Center for Nanomaterials and Chemical Reactions, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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46
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Qu LL, Ma YH. [Design, synthesis, and PPARgamma agonistic activity of novel indenone derivatives]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 2013; 48:508-513. [PMID: 23833937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) are of interest as a treatment of type II diabetes, and indenone derivatives are a new class of non-TZD PPARgamma agonists. Based on existing indenone derivatives, a series of novel ones have been designed and synthesized. Meanwhile the structures have been comfirmed with 1H NMR and MS. Among them, 17b and 19 showed higher agonistic activities than rosiglitazone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Qu
- School of Pharmacy, Baotou Medical College, Baotou 014040, China
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47
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Gupta A, Bowden NB. Separation of cis-fatty acids from saturated and trans-fatty acids by nanoporous polydicyclopentadiene membranes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2013; 5:924-933. [PMID: 23281782 DOI: 10.1021/am3025867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This article describes the separation of mixtures of fatty acid salts using a new organic solvent nanofiltration membrane based on polydicyclopentadiene (PDCPD). Mixtures of free fatty acids could not be separated by the membranes because they permeated at similar rates. When triisobutylamine was added to the fatty acids, the cis-fatty acid salts (oleic, petroselinic, vaccenic, linoleic, and linolenic acid) had slower permeation though the membranes than saturated (stearic acid) and trans-fatty acid (elaidic acid) salts. The reason for the difference in permeation was due to the formation of stable salt pairs between the amine and fatty acids that increased their cross-sectional areas. The fatty acid salts derived from saturated and trans-fatty acids were smaller than the critical area cutoff for the PDCPD membranes, so they readily permeated. In contrast, the fatty acid salts derived from the cis-fatty acids had critical areas larger than critical area cutoff of the PDPCD membranes and had slowed permeation. The partitioning coefficients of fatty acids and fatty acid salts were investigated to demonstrate that they were not responsible for the difference in permeation. The use of pressure was investigated to greatly accelerate the permeation through the membranes. For a solvent mixture of 35/65 (v/v) toluene/hexanes, the permeation of solvent was approximately 39 L m(-2) h(-1). This value is similar to values reported for permeation through membranes used in industry. The separation of a mixture of fatty acids based on the composition of soybean oil was investigated using pressure. The saturated fatty acid salts were almost completely removed from the cis-fatty acid salts when iBu(3)N was used as the amine to form the salt pairs. The separation of the cis-fatty acids found in soybean oil was investigated with Pr(3)N as the amine. The oleic acid salt (oleic acid has one cis double bond) preferentially permeated the membrane while the linoleic (two cis double bonds) and linolenic (three cis double bonds) salts were partly retained. The separation of fatty acids using membranes may have real applications in industry to purify fatty acids on a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhinaba Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, United States
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Dugaheh MA, Meisami F, Torabian Z, Sharififar F. Antioxidant effect and study of bioactive components of Valeriana sisymbriifolia and Nardostachys jatamansii in comparison to Valeriana officinalis. Pak J Pharm Sci 2013; 26:53-58. [PMID: 23261727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The roots of Nardostachys jatamansi have been used as a substitute for valerian in Iranian traditions. Moreover, six species from Valeriana genus such as V. sisymbriifolia grow in Iran which has not been studied yet. We aimed to study of antioxidant effect of Valeriana officinalis, Nardostachys jatamansi and Valeriana sisymbriifolia and comparing their content of valerenic acid and valepotriate. Antioxidant effect was evaluated using diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) inhibition and beta carotene-bleaching assays. Identification of valepotriates was achieved using chemical and TLC method. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of valerenic acid was performed using TLC and spectrophotometry methods. Among the tested samples, V. Officinalis showed the highest DPPH inhibition effect with IC(50) value of 38mg/mL. All of the tested plants potentially inhibited beta-carotene oxidation. The calibration curve of authentic valerenic acid was linear in the range of 2-51 mg L(-1). The most and least amount of valepotraites was detectable in V. officinalis and V. sisymbriifolia respectively. Total valerenic acid in different plant species ranged from 0.02% in V. sisymbriifolia to 0.07% (w/w) in V. Officinalis. Our results indicated that all three tested plants contain different amount of valepotriates and valerenic acid. The highest percentage of valepotriates and valerenic acid was detectable in V. officinalis. Overall can conclude that N. jatamansii and V. sisymbriifolia would be a good candidate for substitutation of V. officinalis with noticeable antioxidant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Ansari Dugaheh
- Research Center of Pharmaceutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
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Silaichev PS, Filimonov VO, Slepukhin PA, Maslivets AN. Spiroheterocyclization of methyl 1-aryl-3-cinnamoyl-4,5-dioxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylates by the action of 3-(arylamino)-1H-inden-1-ones. Molecules 2012; 17:13787-94. [PMID: 23174896 PMCID: PMC6268825 DOI: 10.3390/molecules171213787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Methyl 1-aryl-3-cinnamoyl-4,5-dioxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylates interact with 3-(arylamino)-1H-inden-1-ones to give the corresponding 1,1'-diaryl-3'-cinnamoyl-4'-hydroxy-1H-spiro[indeno[1,2-b]pyrrole-3,2'-pyrrole]-2,4,5'(1'H)-triones in good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel S. Silaichev
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Perm State National Research University, Perm 614066, Russia; (P.S.S.); (V.O.F.)
| | - Valeriy O. Filimonov
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Perm State National Research University, Perm 614066, Russia; (P.S.S.); (V.O.F.)
| | - Pavel A. Slepukhin
- I. Ya. Postovskiy Institute of Organic Synthesis, Russian Academy of Science, Ural Branch, Yekaterinburg 620219, Russia;
| | - Andrey N. Maslivets
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Perm State National Research University, Perm 614066, Russia; (P.S.S.); (V.O.F.)
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Uma Devi T, Priya S, Selvanayagam S, Ravikumar K, Anitha K. Synthesis, structural elucidation and spectroscopic analysis of 3a,8b-dihydroxy-4-oxo-1H,2H,3H,3aH,4H,8bH-indeno[1,2-d]imidazolidin-2-iminium chloride. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2012; 97:1063-1071. [PMID: 22925983 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.07.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Revised: 06/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Ninhydrin guanidinium chloride (3a,8b-dihydroxy-4-oxo-1H,2H,3H,3aH,4H,8bH-indeno [1,2-d]imidazolidin-2-iminium chloride) a semiorganic crystal was synthesized. The structure was determined using X-ray single crystal technique. Comparisons between the FT-IR spectrum of ninhydrin guanidinium chloride with ninhydrin were made. Melting point was found using thermal measurements. The molecular geometry, vibrational frequencies and Mulliken charges of the compound in the ground state have been calculated by the density functional theory (DFT) method with 3-21G(d,p) basis set and theoretical frequencies were compared with the experimental FT-IR spectrum. Besides, molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), frontier molecular orbitals (FMO) analysis, natural bond orbitals (NBO) and thermodynamic properties at various temperatures of the compound were investigated by theoretical calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Uma Devi
- Department of Physics, Government Arts College for Women, Pudukkottaii 622 001, India.
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