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Sanjurjo-Sánchez J, Alves C, Freire-Lista DM. Biomineral deposits and coatings on stone monuments as biodeterioration fingerprints. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:168846. [PMID: 38036142 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Biominerals deposition processes, also called biomineralisation, are intimately related to biodeterioration on stone surfaces. They include complex processes not always completely well understood. The study of biominerals implies the identification of organisms, their molecular mechanisms, and organism/rock/atmosphere interactions. Sampling restrictions of monument stones difficult the biominerals study and the in situ demonstrating of biodeterioration processes. Multidisciplinary works are required to understand the whole process. Thus, studies in heritage buildings have taken advantage of previous knowledge acquired thanks to laboratory experiments, investigations carried out on rock outcrops and within caves from some years ago. With the extrapolation of such knowledge to heritage buildings and the advances in laboratory techniques, there has been a huge increase of knowledge regarding biomineralisation and biodeterioration processes in stone monuments during the last 20 years. These advances have opened new debates about the implications on conservation interventions, and the organism's role in stone conservation and decay. This is a review of the existing studies of biominerals formation, biodeterioration on laboratory experiments, rocks, caves, and their application to building stones of monuments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carlos Alves
- LandS/Lab2PT-Landscapes, Heritage and Territory Laboratory (FCT-UIDB/04509/2020) and Earth Sciences Department/School of Sciences, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | - David M Freire-Lista
- Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, UTAD, Escola de Ciências da Vida e do Ambiente, Quinta dos Prados, 5000-801 Vila Real, Portugal; Centro de Geociências, Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal
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Cai Y, Li S, Yao Z, Li T, Wang Q. Online detection of concentrate grade in the antimony flotation process based on in situ Raman spectroscopy combined with a CNN-GRU hybrid model. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 301:122909. [PMID: 37302195 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Froth flotation is the most critical process for separating stibnite from raw ore. Concentrate grade is a vital production indicator in the antimony flotation process. It is a direct reflection of the product quality of the flotation process and an essential basis for the dynamic adjustment of its operating parameters. Existing methods of measuring concentrate grades suffer from expensive measurement equipment, difficult maintenance of complex sampling systems, and extended testing times. This paper presents a nondestructive and fast methodology to quantify the concentrate grade in the antimony flotation process based on in situ Raman spectroscopy. A particular Raman spectroscopic measuring system is designed for on-line measurement of the Raman spectra of the mixed minerals from the froth layer during the antimony flotation process. To obtain representative Raman spectra that better characterize the concentrate grades, a traditional Raman spectroscopic system has been redesigned to account for the different interferences during actual flotation field acquisition. A one-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D-CNN) is combined with a gated recurrent unit (GRU) and applied to construct a model for online prediction of concentrate grades based on continuously collected Raman spectra of mixed minerals in the froth layer. With an average prediction error of 4.37% and a maximum prediction deviation of 10.56%, the quantitative analysis of concentrate grade by the model demonstrates that our method is distinguished by high accuracy, low deviation, and in situ analysis, and it essentially satisfies the requirements for online quantitative determination of concentrate grade in the antimony flotation site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyi Cai
- College of Engineering and Design, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, PR China; Xiangji Haidun Technology Co., Ltd., Changsha, Hunan 410199, PR China.
| | - Shiwen Li
- College of Engineering and Design, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, PR China
| | - Zekai Yao
- College of Engineering and Design, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, PR China
| | - Tian Li
- College of Engineering and Design, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan 410081, PR China
| | - Qingya Wang
- School of Earth Sciences, East China University of Technology, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330013, PR China
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Gao Y, Zhao S, Wang J, Zhou Z, Wan J, Yang J, Zhang H, Zhang J. Pigments, Dyes and the Restoration History of the Painted Figurines of the Tang Dynasty from the Astana Tombs Revealed by Comprehensive Chemical Analysis. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202202342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yumin Gao
- Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Museum Institution Urumqi 830002 China
| | - Sihan Zhao
- School of Art and Archaeology Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310028 China
| | - Jiakun Wang
- School of Art and Archaeology Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310028 China
| | - Zhibo Zhou
- Conservation and Restoration Department The Kucha Academy of Xinjiang Urumqi 830000 China
- College of Cultural Heritage Northwest University Xi'an 710069 China
| | - Jie Wan
- Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Museum Institution Urumqi 830002 China
| | - Jie Yang
- Conservation and Restoration Department The Kucha Academy of Xinjiang Urumqi 830000 China
| | - Hui Zhang
- School of Art and Archaeology Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310028 China
- Laboratory for Art and Archaeology Image of Ministry of Education Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310028 China
| | - Juan Zhang
- School of Art and Archaeology Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310028 China
- Laboratory for Art and Archaeology Image of Ministry of Education Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310028 China
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Rull F, Veneranda M, Manrique-Martinez JA, Sanz-Arranz A, Saiz J, Medina J, Moral A, Perez C, Seoane L, Lalla E, Charro E, Lopez JM, Nieto LM, Lopez-Reyes G. Spectroscopic study of terrestrial analogues to support rover missions to Mars - A Raman-centred review. Anal Chim Acta 2022; 1209:339003. [PMID: 35569840 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The 2020s could be called, with little doubt, the "Mars decade". No other period in space exploration history has experienced such interest in placing orbiters, rovers and landers on the Red Planet. In 2021 alone, the Emirates' first Mars Mission (the Hope orbiter), the Chinese Tianwen-1 mission (orbiter, lander and rover), and NASA's Mars 2020 Perseverance rover reached Mars. The ExoMars mission Rosalind Franklin rover is scheduled for launch in 2022. Beyond that, several other missions are proposed or under development. Among these, MMX to Phobos and the very important Mars Sample Return can be cited. One of the key mission objectives of the Mars 2020 and ExoMars 2022 missions is the detection of traces of potential past or present life. This detection relies to a great extent on the analytical results provided by complementary spectroscopic techniques. The development of these novel instruments has been carried out in step with the analytical study of terrestrial analogue sites and materials, which serve to test the scientific capabilities of spectroscopic prototypes while providing crucial information to better understand the geological processes that could have occurred on Mars. Being directly involved in the development of three of the first Raman spectrometers to be validated for space exploration missions (Mars 2020/SuperCam, ExoMars/RLS and RAX/MMX), the present review summarizes some of the most relevant spectroscopy-based analyses of terrestrial analogues carried out over the past two decades. Therefore, the present work describes the analytical results gathered from the study of some of the most distinctive terrestrial analogues of Martian geological contexts, as well as the lessons learned mainly from ExoMars mission simulations conducted at representative analogue sites. Learning from the experience gained in the described studies, a general overview of the scientific outcome expected from the spectroscopic system developed for current and forthcoming planetary missions is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Rull
- University of Valladolid, Plaza de Santa Cruz 8, 47002, Valladolid, Spain.
| | - Marco Veneranda
- University of Valladolid, Plaza de Santa Cruz 8, 47002, Valladolid, Spain
| | | | | | - Jesus Saiz
- University of Valladolid, Plaza de Santa Cruz 8, 47002, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jesús Medina
- University of Valladolid, Plaza de Santa Cruz 8, 47002, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Andoni Moral
- National Institute for Aerospace Technology (INTA), Torrejón de Ardoz, Spain
| | - Carlos Perez
- National Institute for Aerospace Technology (INTA), Torrejón de Ardoz, Spain
| | - Laura Seoane
- National Institute for Aerospace Technology (INTA), Torrejón de Ardoz, Spain
| | - Emmanuel Lalla
- York University, Centre for Research in Earth and Space Science, Toronto, Canada
| | - Elena Charro
- University of Valladolid, Plaza de Santa Cruz 8, 47002, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Jose Manuel Lopez
- University of Valladolid, Plaza de Santa Cruz 8, 47002, Valladolid, Spain
| | - Luis Miguel Nieto
- University of Valladolid, Plaza de Santa Cruz 8, 47002, Valladolid, Spain
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Critical evaluation of portable Raman spectrometers: From rock outcrops and planetary analogs to cultural heritage – A review. Anal Chim Acta 2021; 1209:339027. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2021.339027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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On-field Raman spectroscopy of Patagonian prehistoric rock art: Pigments, alteration products and substrata. Trends Analyt Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Raman mapping and time-resolved photoluminescence imaging for the analysis of a cross-section from a modern gypsum sculpture. Microchem J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2017.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Gómez-Laserna O, Cardiano P, Diez-Garcia M, Prieto-Taboada N, Kortazar L, Olazabal MÁ, Madariaga JM. Multi-analytical methodology to diagnose the environmental impact suffered by building materials in coastal areas. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:4371-4386. [PMID: 29181758 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0798-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This work is focused on the development of an innovative multi-analytical methodology to estimate the impact suffered by building materials in coastal environments. With the aim of improving the in situ spectroscopic assessment, which is often based on XRF and Raman spectrometers, diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform (DRIFT) spectroscopy was implemented in the diagnosis study. In this way, the additional benefits from DRIFT were compared to the usual in situ analyses of building materials, which often have interferences from fluorescence and reststrahlen effects. The studies were extended to the laboratory scale by μ-X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF) cross-section mapping and ion chromatography (IC), and the IC quantitative data were employed to develop thermodynamic models using the ECOS-RUNSALT program, with the aim of rationalizing the behavior of soluble salts with variations in the temperature and the relative humidity (RH). The multi-analytical methodology allowed identification of the most significant weathering agents and classification of the severity of degradation according to the salt content. The suitability of a DRIFT portable device to analyze these types of matrices was verified. Although the Kramers-Kronig algorithm correction proved to be inadequate to decrease the expected spectral distortions, the assignment was successfully performed based on the secondary bands and intensification of the overtones and decreased the time needed for in situ data collection. In addition, the pollutants' distribution in the samples and the possible presence of dangerous compounds, which were not detected during the in situ analysis campaigns, provided valuable information to clarify weathering phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Gómez-Laserna
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (EHU/UPV), Barrio Sarriena s/n, E-48080, Leioa, Bilbao, Spain.
| | - Paola Cardiano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d'Alcontres 31, I-98166, Messina, Italy
| | - Marta Diez-Garcia
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (EHU/UPV), Barrio Sarriena s/n, E-48080, Leioa, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Nagore Prieto-Taboada
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (EHU/UPV), Barrio Sarriena s/n, E-48080, Leioa, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Leire Kortazar
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (EHU/UPV), Barrio Sarriena s/n, E-48080, Leioa, Bilbao, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Olazabal
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (EHU/UPV), Barrio Sarriena s/n, E-48080, Leioa, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Madariaga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (EHU/UPV), Barrio Sarriena s/n, E-48080, Leioa, Bilbao, Spain
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