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Sahoo P, Pathak NK, Scott Bohle D, Dodd EL, Tripathy U. Hematin anhydride (β-hematin): An analogue to malaria pigment hemozoin possesses nonlinearity. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 310:123902. [PMID: 38281463 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.123902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Hematin anhydride (β-hematin), the synthetic analogue of the malaria pigment, "hemozoin", is a heme dimer produced by reciprocal covalent bonds among carboxylic acid groups on the protoporphyrin-IX ring and the iron atom present in the two adjacent heme molecules. Hemozoin is a disposal product formed from the digestion of hemoglobin present in the red blood cells infected with hematophagous malaria parasites. Besides, as the parasites invade red blood cells, hemozoin crystals are eventually released into the bloodstream, where they accumulate over time in tissues. Severe malaria infection leads to significant dysfunction in vital organs such as the liver, spleen, and brain in part due to the autoimmune response to the excessive accumulation of hemozoin in these tissues. Also, the amount of these crystals in the vasculature correlates with disease progression. Thus, hemozoin is a unique indicator of infection used as a malaria biomarker and hence, used as a target for the development of antimalarial drugs. Hence, exploring various properties of hemozoin is extremely useful in the direction of diagnosis and cure. The present study focuses on finding one of the unknown properties of β-hematin in physiological conditions by using the Z-scan technique, which is simple, sensitive, and economical. It is observed that hemozoin possesses one of the unique material properties, i.e., nonlinearity with a detection limit of ∼ 15 µM. The self-defocusing action causes β-hematin to exhibit negative refractive nonlinearity. The observed data is analyzed with a thermal lensing model. We strongly believe that our simple and reliable approach to probing the nonlinearity of β-hematin will provide fresh opportunities for malaria diagnostics & cure in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyadarshi Sahoo
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad 826004, Jharkhand, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar Pathak
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad 826004, Jharkhand, India
| | - D Scott Bohle
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, Montreal H3A 0B8, Quebec, Canada
| | - Erin L Dodd
- Département de Chimie, Université du Québec à Montréal, 2101, rue Jeanne-Mance Montréal, H2X 2J6 Québec, Canada
| | - Umakanta Tripathy
- Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad 826004, Jharkhand, India.
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Dave RP, Singh M. Physicochemical mechanism of BSA, Hb, and dsDNA biomacromolecules with aq-NaCMC at 298.15-310.15 K interfaced with UV-vis fluorescence circular dichroism spectroscopy and in-silico for interacting activities. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 231:123243. [PMID: 36682664 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.123243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The 0.2-0.8mg% @ 0.2 mg% bovine serum albumin (BSA 66), hemoglobin (Hb 64.5), and double stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (dsDNA 130 kDa) with water and 0.25, 0.50, and 1.00 g% aqueous carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt (NaCMC) thermodynamically, kinetically, and tentropically stable homogeneous solutions via resonating energy transfer were designed. Density (ρ), viscosity (η), surface tension (γ), friccohesity (σ), Gibbs free energy (ΔGb), chemical potential (μ), frictional volume (ϕ), apparent molar volume (V2), hydrodynamic radius (Rh), and isentropic compressibility (ksϕ) at 298.15, 304.15, and 310.15 K were studied. UV-Vis spectrophotometry, fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD), MALDI TOF, and in-silico study via reorientational activities have elucidated structural recognition. The ρ, η, γ, σ, ΔGb, μ, V2, ϕ, Rh, and ksϕ physicochemical properties (PCPs) have studied the interacting activities of salt bridges (peptide bonds) of proteins and base pairs (adenine, thymine, cytosine, guanine) of dsDNA on developing nanohydration sphere (NHS) with water and 0.25, 0.50, and 1.00 g% aq-NaCMC. Regression constants of PCPs have elaborated the interacting mechanism of internal linkages of BSA, Hb, and dsDNA for solubilizing them without unfolding assisted by glycosidic bonds of glucopyranose units of NaCMC. Magnitudes of regression constants analyse the inner salt bridges, electrostatic dipoles, and hydrogen bonds (HB) to interact with H2O dipoles and NaCMC affecting solubilization of biomolecules (biomols) in areas of biochemical, biophysical, bioengineering, tissue, and genetic engineering. PCPs, UV-Vis, fluorescence, CD, and in-silico study analyse their structurally interacting abilities with NaCMC via respective NHS to be extended to pharmaceutical and cosmetic processes by minimizing quantum energy barrier (QEB) as Newtonian behaviour of structural sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riddhi P Dave
- School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382030, India
| | - Man Singh
- School of Chemical Sciences, Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar 382030, India.
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Zhang Z, Tai Y, Liu Z, Pu Y, An L, Li X, Li L, Wang Y, Yang Z, Duan C, Hou K, Zhang Q, Ren F, Ma Q, Su Y. Effects of d-ribose on human erythrocytes: Non-enzymatic glycation of hemoglobin, eryptosis, oxidative stress and energy metabolism. Blood Cells Mol Dis 2023; 99:102725. [PMID: 36682143 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcmd.2023.102725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
d-Ribose is not only an important component of some biomacromolecules, but also an active pentose with strong reducibility and non-enzymatic glycation ability. Previous studies reported the diverse role of d-ribose in different cells. In this study, the effects of d-ribose on non-enzymatic glycation of hemoglobin (Hb), as well as eryptosis, oxidative stress and energy metabolism of erythrocytes were observed by molecular fluorescence spectrophotometry, multi-wavelength spectrophotometry, high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), mass spectrometry (MS) and flow cytometer. The results showed that d-ribose had the strongest non-enzymatic glycation ability to Hb in vitro when compared with other monosaccharides, and could enter the erythrocytes in a concentration-dependent manner, which was not inhibited by the specific glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) inhibitor WZB117. In addition, d-ribose incubation increased the HbA1c, hemolysis, eryptosis, and ROS level of erythrocytes significantly more than that of d-glucose, however, no changes were observed in the levels of ATP, NADPH, and other intermediate energy metabolites in d-ribose treatment. Therefore, the strong non-enzymatic glycation ability of d-ribose may play an important role in erythrocyte damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehong Zhang
- Institute of Blood Conservation, Baotou Medical College, 31# Jianshe Road, Donghe District, 014040 Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yu Tai
- Institute of Blood Conservation, Baotou Medical College, 31# Jianshe Road, Donghe District, 014040 Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Zhi Liu
- Institute of Blood Conservation, Baotou Medical College, 31# Jianshe Road, Donghe District, 014040 Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yunxia Pu
- Physical and Chemical Laboratory, Inner Mongolia Center for Disease Control and Prevention, South Section of Yongping Road, Xincheng District, 010080 Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Liang An
- Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Hospital of Baotou, 1(#) Aogen Road, Qingshan District, 014030, Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Institute of Blood Conservation, Baotou Medical College, 31# Jianshe Road, Donghe District, 014040 Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Lili Li
- Institute of Blood Conservation, Baotou Medical College, 31# Jianshe Road, Donghe District, 014040 Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yaqi Wang
- Institute of Blood Conservation, Baotou Medical College, 31# Jianshe Road, Donghe District, 014040 Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Zhongbin Yang
- Institute of Blood Conservation, Baotou Medical College, 31# Jianshe Road, Donghe District, 014040 Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Chao Duan
- Institute of Blood Conservation, Baotou Medical College, 31# Jianshe Road, Donghe District, 014040 Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Kun Hou
- Physical and Chemical Laboratory, Inner Mongolia Center for Disease Control and Prevention, South Section of Yongping Road, Xincheng District, 010080 Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Physical and Chemical Laboratory, Inner Mongolia Center for Disease Control and Prevention, South Section of Yongping Road, Xincheng District, 010080 Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Fuyu Ren
- Institute of Blood Conservation, Baotou Medical College, 31# Jianshe Road, Donghe District, 014040 Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Institute of Blood Conservation, Baotou Medical College, 31# Jianshe Road, Donghe District, 014040 Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Yan Su
- Institute of Blood Conservation, Baotou Medical College, 31# Jianshe Road, Donghe District, 014040 Baotou, Inner Mongolia, China.
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