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Zhang Q, Lin Y, Lin D, Lin X, Liu M, Tao H, Wu J, Wang T, Wang C, Feng S. Non-invasive screening and subtyping for breast cancer by serum SERS combined with LGB-DNN algorithms. Talanta 2024; 275:126136. [PMID: 38692045 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2024.126136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
Early detection of breast cancer and its molecular subtyping is crucial for guiding clinical treatment and improving survival rate. Current diagnostic methods for breast cancer are invasive, time consuming and complicated. In this work, an optical detection method integrating surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) technology with feature selection and deep learning algorithm was developed for identifying serum components and building diagnostic model, with the aim of efficient and accurate noninvasive screening of breast cancer. First, the high quality of serum SERS spectra from breast cancer (BC), breast benign disease (BBD) patients and healthy controls (HC) were obtained. Chi-square tests were conducted to exclude confounding factors, enhancing the reliability of the study. Then, LightGBM (LGB) algorithm was used as the base model to retain useful features to significantly improve classification performance. The DNN algorithm was trained through backpropagation, adjusting the weights and biases between neurons to improve the network's predictive ability. In comparison to traditional machine learning algorithms, this method provided more accurate information for breast cancer classification, with classification accuracies of 91.38 % for BC and BBD, and 96.40 % for BC, BBD, and HC. Furthermore, the accuracies of 90.11 % for HR+/HR- and 88.89 % for HER2+/HER2- can be reached when evaluating BC patients' molecular subtypes. These results demonstrate that serum SERS combined with powerful LGB-DNN algorithm would provide a supplementary method for clinical breast cancer screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyi Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, China
| | - Yuxiang Lin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China; Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China; Breast Cancer Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China
| | - Duo Lin
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, China
| | - Xueliang Lin
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Micro-nano Photonics Technology and Devices, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, 362000, China
| | - Miaomiao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, China
| | - Hong Tao
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, China
| | - Jinxun Wu
- Department of Pathology, Fuzhou Lianjiang Country Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350500, China
| | - Tingyin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, China.
| | - Chuan Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China; Department of General Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China; Breast Cancer Institute, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350001, China.
| | - Shangyuan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology for Medicine of Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350117, China.
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2
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Leong N, Yaacob MH, Md Zain AR, Tengku Abdul Aziz TH, Christianus A, Chong CM, Mahdi MA. Colloidal surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic study of grouper epidermal mucus using acidified sodium sulphate as the aggregating agent. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2024; 311:123974. [PMID: 38377639 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2024.123974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Fish epidermal mucus is an important reservoir of antipathogenic compounds which serves as the first line of the immune defence. Despite its significant role in the physiology and health of fish, detailed profiling of fish epidermal mucus has yet to be explored. Therefore, this study investigates a label-free colloidal surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopic (SERS) method for profiling grouper mucus. Gold nanoparticles were first synthesised using the standard citrate reduction and characterised using ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. The influence of acidified sodium sulphate (Na2SO4) at pH 3 as the aggregating agent on the enhancement of the SERS spectrum of different analyte samples including rhodamine 6G (R6G) dye, lysozyme solution and hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus × Epinephelus lanceolatus) mucus was observed. Based on the results, an optimal Na2SO4 concentration of 1 M was recorded to achieve the highest enhancement of the SERS signal for R6G and grouper mucus, while the optimal concentration for lysozyme was 0.1 M. The results indicated a higher degree of aggregation induced by lysozyme than R6G and grouper mucus. A few overlapping peaks of the SERS spectra of lysozyme and grouper mucus made it possible to confirm the presence of lysozyme as potential biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel Leong
- Wireless and Photonics Networks Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Hanif Yaacob
- Wireless and Photonics Networks Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Rifqi Md Zain
- Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Annie Christianus
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chou Min Chong
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Laboratory of Sustainable Aquaculture (AquaLab), International Institute of Aquaculture and Aquatic Sciences (I-AQUAS), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 71050 Port Dickson, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Adzir Mahdi
- Wireless and Photonics Networks Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ION2), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Vázquez-Iglesias L, Stanfoca Casagrande GM, García-Lojo D, Ferro Leal L, Ngo TA, Pérez-Juste J, Reis RM, Kant K, Pastoriza-Santos I. SERS sensing for cancer biomarker: Approaches and directions. Bioact Mater 2024; 34:248-268. [PMID: 38260819 PMCID: PMC10801148 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2023.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
These days, cancer is thought to be more than just one illness, with several complex subtypes that require different screening approaches. These subtypes can be distinguished by the distinct markings left by metabolites, proteins, miRNA, and DNA. Personalized illness management may be possible if cancer is categorized according to its biomarkers. In order to stop cancer from spreading and posing a significant risk to patient survival, early detection and prompt treatment are essential. Traditional cancer screening techniques are tedious, time-consuming, and require expert personnel for analysis. This has led scientists to reevaluate screening methodologies and make use of emerging technologies to achieve better results. Using time and money saving techniques, these methodologies integrate the procedures from sample preparation to detection in small devices with high accuracy and sensitivity. With its proven potential for biomedical use, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has been widely used in biosensing applications, particularly in biomarker identification. Consideration was given especially to the potential of SERS as a portable clinical diagnostic tool. The approaches to SERS-based sensing technologies for both invasive and non-invasive samples are reviewed in this article, along with sample preparation techniques and obstacles. Aside from these significant constraints in the detection approach and techniques, the review also takes into account the complexity of biological fluids, the availability of biomarkers, and their sensitivity and selectivity, which are generally lowered. Massive ways to maintain sensing capabilities in clinical samples are being developed recently to get over this restriction. SERS is known to be a reliable diagnostic method for treatment judgments. Nonetheless, there is still room for advancement in terms of portability, creation of diagnostic apps, and interdisciplinary AI-based applications. Therefore, we will outline the current state of technological maturity for SERS-based cancer biomarker detection in this article. The review will meet the demand for reviewing various sample types (invasive and non-invasive) of cancer biomarkers and their detection using SERS. It will also shed light on the growing body of research on portable methods for clinical application and quick cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Vázquez-Iglesias
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Universitario As Lagoas Marcosende, Vigo 36310, Spain
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | | | - Daniel García-Lojo
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Universitario As Lagoas Marcosende, Vigo 36310, Spain
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Letícia Ferro Leal
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
- Barretos School of Medicine Dr. Paulo Prata—FACISB, Barretos, 14785-002, Brazil
| | - Tien Anh Ngo
- Vinmec Tissue Bank, Vinmec Health Care System, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Jorge Pérez-Juste
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Universitario As Lagoas Marcosende, Vigo 36310, Spain
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Rui Manuel Reis
- Molecular Oncology Research Center, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, Brazil
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
- ICVS/3B's—PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal
| | - Krishna Kant
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Universitario As Lagoas Marcosende, Vigo 36310, Spain
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), 36310, Vigo, Spain
| | - Isabel Pastoriza-Santos
- CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Universitario As Lagoas Marcosende, Vigo 36310, Spain
- Galicia Sur Health Research Institute (IIS Galicia Sur), 36310, Vigo, Spain
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Buhas BA, Toma V, Beauval JB, Andras I, Couți R, Muntean LAM, Coman RT, Maghiar TA, Știufiuc RI, Lucaciu CM, Crisan N. Label-Free SERS of Urine Components: A Powerful Tool for Discriminating Renal Cell Carcinoma through Multivariate Analysis and Machine Learning Techniques. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3891. [PMID: 38612705 PMCID: PMC11011951 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Revised: 03/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The advent of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) has enabled the exploration and detection of small molecules, particularly in biological fluids such as serum, blood plasma, urine, saliva, and tears. SERS has been proposed as a simple diagnostic technique for various diseases, including cancer. Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) ranks as the sixth most commonly diagnosed cancer in men and is often asymptomatic, with detection occurring incidentally. The onset of symptoms typically aligns with advanced disease, aggressive histology, and unfavorable prognosis, and therefore new methods for an early diagnosis are needed. In this study, we investigated the utility of label-free SERS in urine, coupled with two multivariate analysis approaches: Principal Component Analysis combined with Linear Discriminant Analysis (PCA-LDA) and Support Vector Machine (SVM), to discriminate between 50 RCC patients and 44 healthy donors. Employing LDA-PCA, we achieved a discrimination accuracy of 100% using 13 principal components, and an 88% accuracy in discriminating between different RCC stages. The SVM approach yielded a training accuracy of 100%, a validation accuracy of 99% for discriminating between RCC and controls, and an 80% accuracy for discriminating between stages. The comparative analysis of raw and normalized SERS spectral data shows that while raw data disclose relative concentration variations in urine metabolites between the two classes, the normalization of spectral data significantly improves the accuracy of discrimination. Moreover, the selection of principal components with markedly distinct scores between the two classes serves to alleviate overfitting risks and reduces the number of components employed for discrimination. We obtained the accuracy of the discrimination between the RCC patients cases and healthy donors of 90% for three PCs and a linear discrimination function, and a 88% accuracy of discrimination between stages using six PCs, mitigating practically the risk of overfitting and increasing the robustness of our analysis. Our findings underscore the potential of label-free SERS of urine in conjunction with chemometrics for non-invasive and early RCC detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Adrian Buhas
- Department of Urology, La Croix du Sud Hospital, 52 Chemin de Ribaute St., 31130 Quint Fonsegrives, France; (B.A.B.); (J.-B.B.)
- Department of Urology, Clinical Municipal Hospital, 11 Tabacarilor St., 400139 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.A.); (N.C.)
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 1 Universitatii St., 410087 Oradea, Romania; (R.C.); (T.A.M.)
| | - Valentin Toma
- Department of Nanobiophysics, MedFuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4-6 Pasteur St., 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Jean-Baptiste Beauval
- Department of Urology, La Croix du Sud Hospital, 52 Chemin de Ribaute St., 31130 Quint Fonsegrives, France; (B.A.B.); (J.-B.B.)
| | - Iulia Andras
- Department of Urology, Clinical Municipal Hospital, 11 Tabacarilor St., 400139 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.A.); (N.C.)
- Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes St., 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Răzvan Couți
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 1 Universitatii St., 410087 Oradea, Romania; (R.C.); (T.A.M.)
| | - Lucia Ana-Maria Muntean
- Department of Medical Education, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes St., 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Radu-Tudor Coman
- Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes St., 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Teodor Andrei Maghiar
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 1 Universitatii St., 410087 Oradea, Romania; (R.C.); (T.A.M.)
| | - Rareș-Ionuț Știufiuc
- Department of Nanobiophysics, MedFuture Research Center for Advanced Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4-6 Pasteur St., 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics–Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur St., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Nanotechnology Laboratory, TRANSCEND Research Center, Regional Institute of Oncology, 700483 Iași, Romania
| | - Constantin Mihai Lucaciu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics–Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 6 Pasteur St., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Nicolae Crisan
- Department of Urology, Clinical Municipal Hospital, 11 Tabacarilor St., 400139 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (I.A.); (N.C.)
- Faculty of Medicine, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Victor Babes St., 400347 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Basu S, Das D, Ansari Z, Rana N, Majhi B, Patra D, Kanungo A, Morgan D, Dutta S, Sen K. A multispectroscopic approach for ultra-trace sensing of prostate specific antigen (PSA) by iron nanocomposite fabricated on graphene nanoplatelet. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 301:122955. [PMID: 37301032 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Herein we report an easy, rapid and cost-effective method for spectroscopic sensing of a prostate cancer biomarker prostate specific antigen (PSA) using a novel nanocomposite. The material is a synthetic quinoxaline derivative-based iron nanocomposite fabricated on graphene nanoplatelet surface (1d-Fe-Gr). Presence of graphene enhanced the efficacy of synthesized 1d-Fe-Gr to sense PSA in serum medium with an impressive limit of detection (LOD) value of 0.878 pg/mL compared to 1d-Fe alone (LOD 17.619 pg/mL) using UV-visible absorption spectroscopy. LOD of PSA by 1d-Fe-Gr using Raman spectroscopy is even more impressive (0.410 pg/mL). Moreover, presence of interfering biomolecules like glucose, cholesterol, bilirubin and insulin in serum improves the detection threshold significantly in presence of 1d-Fe-Gr which otherwise cause LOD values of PSA to elevate in control sets. In presence of these biomolecules, the LOD values improve significantly as compared to healthy conditions in the range 0.623-3.499 pg/mL. Thus, this proposed detection method could also be applied efficiently to the patients suffering from different pathophysiological disorders. These biomolecules may also be added externally during analyses to improve the sensing ability. Fluorescence, Raman and circular dichroism spectroscopy were used to study the underlying mechanism of PSA sensing by 1d-Fe-Gr. Molecular docking studies confirm the selective interaction of 1d-Fe-Gr with PSA over other cancer biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalmali Basu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, APC Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Debashree Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, APC Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Zarina Ansari
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, APC Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Nabakumar Rana
- Department of Physics, University of Calcutta, 92, APC Road, Kolkata 700009, India
| | - Bhim Majhi
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, WB, India
| | - Dipendu Patra
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, WB, India
| | - Ajay Kanungo
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, WB, India
| | - David Morgan
- Cardiff Catalysis Institute, School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Park Place, Cardiff CF10 3AT, UK
| | - Sanjay Dutta
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4, Raja S. C. Mullick Road, Kolkata 700032, WB, India
| | - Kamalika Sen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92, APC Road, Kolkata 700009, India.
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Borșa RM, Toma V, Onaciu A, Moldovan CS, Mărginean R, Cenariu D, Știufiuc GF, Dinu CM, Bran S, Opriș HO, Văcăraș S, Onișor-Gligor F, Sentea D, Băciuț MF, Iuga CA, Știufiuc RI. Developing New Diagnostic Tools Based on SERS Analysis of Filtered Salivary Samples for Oral Cancer Detection. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12125. [PMID: 37569501 PMCID: PMC10418512 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer still represents one of the biggest challenges in current medical practice. Among different types of cancer, oral cancer has a huge impact on patients due to its great visibility, which is more likely to create social stigma and increased anxiety. New early diagnose methods are still needed to improve treatment efficiency and patients' life quality. Raman/SERS (Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy) spectroscopy has a unique and powerful potential for detecting specific molecules that can become priceless biomarkers in different pathologies, such as oral cancer. In this study, a batch of saliva samples obtained from a group of 17 patients with oro-maxillofacial pathologies compared with saliva samples from 18 healthy donors using the aforementioned methods were evaluated. At the same time, opiorphin, potassium thiocyanate and uric acid were evaluated as potential specific biomarkers for oro-maxillofacial pathologies using multivariate analysis. A careful examination of SERS spectra collected on saliva samples showed that the spectra are dominated by the vibrational bands of opiorphin, potassium thiocyanate and uric acid. Given the fact that all these small molecules are found in very small amounts, we filtrated all the samples to get rid of large molecules and to improve our analysis. By using solid plasmonic substrates, we were able to gain information about molecular concentration and geometry of interaction. On the other hand, the multivariate analysis of the salivary spectra contributed to developing a new detection method for oral cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rareș-Mario Borșa
- Dental Medicine Faculty, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 4, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.-M.B.); (C.-M.D.); (S.B.); (H.-O.O.); (S.V.); (F.O.-G.); (M.-F.B.)
- Research Center for Advanced Medicine—MedFuture, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 4-6, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (V.T.); (A.O.); (C.-S.M.); (R.M.); (D.C.); (C.-A.I.)
| | - Valentin Toma
- Research Center for Advanced Medicine—MedFuture, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 4-6, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (V.T.); (A.O.); (C.-S.M.); (R.M.); (D.C.); (C.-A.I.)
| | - Anca Onaciu
- Research Center for Advanced Medicine—MedFuture, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 4-6, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (V.T.); (A.O.); (C.-S.M.); (R.M.); (D.C.); (C.-A.I.)
| | - Cristian-Silviu Moldovan
- Research Center for Advanced Medicine—MedFuture, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 4-6, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (V.T.); (A.O.); (C.-S.M.); (R.M.); (D.C.); (C.-A.I.)
| | - Radu Mărginean
- Research Center for Advanced Medicine—MedFuture, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 4-6, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (V.T.); (A.O.); (C.-S.M.); (R.M.); (D.C.); (C.-A.I.)
| | - Diana Cenariu
- Research Center for Advanced Medicine—MedFuture, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 4-6, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (V.T.); (A.O.); (C.-S.M.); (R.M.); (D.C.); (C.-A.I.)
| | | | - Cristian-Mihail Dinu
- Dental Medicine Faculty, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 4, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.-M.B.); (C.-M.D.); (S.B.); (H.-O.O.); (S.V.); (F.O.-G.); (M.-F.B.)
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iuliu Hossu 37, 400029 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- County Emergency Hospital Cluj, Clinicilor 3-5, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Simion Bran
- Dental Medicine Faculty, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 4, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.-M.B.); (C.-M.D.); (S.B.); (H.-O.O.); (S.V.); (F.O.-G.); (M.-F.B.)
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iuliu Hossu 37, 400029 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- County Emergency Hospital Cluj, Clinicilor 3-5, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Horia-Octavian Opriș
- Dental Medicine Faculty, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 4, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.-M.B.); (C.-M.D.); (S.B.); (H.-O.O.); (S.V.); (F.O.-G.); (M.-F.B.)
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iuliu Hossu 37, 400029 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- County Emergency Hospital Cluj, Clinicilor 3-5, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Sergiu Văcăraș
- Dental Medicine Faculty, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 4, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.-M.B.); (C.-M.D.); (S.B.); (H.-O.O.); (S.V.); (F.O.-G.); (M.-F.B.)
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iuliu Hossu 37, 400029 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- County Emergency Hospital Cluj, Clinicilor 3-5, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Florin Onișor-Gligor
- Dental Medicine Faculty, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 4, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.-M.B.); (C.-M.D.); (S.B.); (H.-O.O.); (S.V.); (F.O.-G.); (M.-F.B.)
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iuliu Hossu 37, 400029 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- County Emergency Hospital Cluj, Clinicilor 3-5, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Dorin Sentea
- County Emergency Hospital Cluj, Clinicilor 3-5, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Mihaela-Felicia Băciuț
- Dental Medicine Faculty, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 4, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (R.-M.B.); (C.-M.D.); (S.B.); (H.-O.O.); (S.V.); (F.O.-G.); (M.-F.B.)
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Implantology, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Iuliu Hossu 37, 400029 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- County Emergency Hospital Cluj, Clinicilor 3-5, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Cristina-Adela Iuga
- Research Center for Advanced Medicine—MedFuture, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 4-6, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (V.T.); (A.O.); (C.-S.M.); (R.M.); (D.C.); (C.-A.I.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Rareș-Ionuț Știufiuc
- Research Center for Advanced Medicine—MedFuture, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 4-6, 400337 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (V.T.); (A.O.); (C.-S.M.); (R.M.); (D.C.); (C.-A.I.)
- Department of Pharmaceutical Physics-Biophysics, Faculty of Pharmacy, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Pasteur 6, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- TRANSCEND Research Center, Regional Institute of Oncology, 700483 Iasi, Romania
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7
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Machine learning-assisted internal standard calibration label-free SERS strategy for colon cancer detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:1699-1707. [PMID: 36781448 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04566-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsies have significance for early colon cancer screening and improving patient survival. Recently, several researchers have applied surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for the label-free and non-invasive detection of serum. Most of these studies performed the assay using a mixture of noble metal nanoparticles (NMNPs) with serum. However, SERS analysis of serum remains a challenge in terms of reproducibility and stability, as NMNPs tend to aggregate when mixed with serum, resulting in a non-uniform distribution of hot spots. Here, we report on the non-invasive identification of colon cancer (CC) using an internal standard (IS)-calibrated label-free serum SERS assay in combination with machine learning. Serum SERS spectra of 50 CC patients and 50 health volunteers have been obtained using silver nanoparticle (Ag NP) colloid and mercaptopropionic acid-modified Ag NPs (Ag NPs-MPA) as the SERS substrates. Decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), and principal component and linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA) algorithms were utilized to establish the diagnosis model for SERS spectra data classifying. The results show that the RF model provides a high diagnostic accuracy compared to PCA-LDA. Following calibration with IS molecules, high diagnostic accuracy of over 90% and 100% specificity can be achieved with DT, RF, and PCA-LDA algorithms to differentiate between cancer and normal groups. The results from this exploratory work demonstrate that serum SERS detection combined with multivariate statistical methods and IS calibration has great potential for the non-invasive and label-free detection of CC.
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8
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Tian F, de Carvalho LFDCES, Casey A, Nogueira MS, Byrne HJ. Surface-Enhanced Raman Analysis of Uric Acid and Hypoxanthine Analysis in Fractionated Bodily Fluids. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:1216. [PMID: 37049309 PMCID: PMC10097234 DOI: 10.3390/nano13071216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, the disease burden of hyperuricemia has been increasing, especially in high-income countries and the economically developing world with a Western lifestyle. Abnormal levels of uric acid and hypoxanthine are associated with many diseases, and therefore, to demonstrate improved methods of uric acid and hypoxanthine detection, three different bodily fluids were analysed using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Gold nanostar suspensions were mixed with series dilutions of uric acid and hypoxanthine, 3 kDa centrifugally filtered human blood serum, urine and saliva. The results show that gold nanostars enable the quantitative detection of the concentration of uric acid and hypoxanthine in the range 5-50 μg/mL and 50-250 ng/mL, respectively. The peak areas of HPLC and maximum peak intensity of SERS have strongly correlated, notably with the peaks of uric acid and hypoxanthine at 1000 and 640 cm-1, respectively. The r2 is 0.975 and 0.959 for uric acid and hypoxanthine, respectively. Each of the three body fluids has a number of spectral features in common with uric acid and hypoxanthine. The large overlap of the spectral bands of the SERS of uric acid against three body fluids at spectra peaks were at 442, 712, 802, 1000, 1086, 1206, 1343, 1436 and 1560 cm-1. The features at 560, 640, 803, 1206, 1290 and 1620 cm-1 from hypoxanthine were common to serum, saliva and urine. There is no statistical difference between HPLC and SERS for determination of the concentration of uric acid and hypoxanthine (p > 0.05). For clinical applications, 3 kDa centrifugal filtration followed by SERS can be used for uric acid and hypoxanthine screening is, which can be used to reveal the subtle abnormalities enhancing the great potential of vibrational spectroscopy as an analytical tool. Our work supports the hypnosis that it is possible to obtain the specific concentration of uric acid and hypoxanthine by comparing the SER signals of serum, saliva and urine. In the future, the analysis of other biofluids can be employed to detect biomarkers for the diagnosis of systemic pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furong Tian
- FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin Camden Row, D08CKP1 Dublin, Ireland; (A.C.)
| | - Luis Felipe das Chagas e Silva de Carvalho
- FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin Camden Row, D08CKP1 Dublin, Ireland; (A.C.)
- Centro Universitario Braz Cubas, Mogi das Cruzes 08773-380, Brazil
- Universidade de Taubate, Taubate 12080-000, Brazil
| | - Alan Casey
- FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin Camden Row, D08CKP1 Dublin, Ireland; (A.C.)
| | - Marcelo Saito Nogueira
- Tyndall National Institute, Lee Maltings Complex, Dyke Parade, T12R5CP Cork, Ireland;
- Department of Physics, University College Cork, College Road, T12K8AF Cork, Ireland
| | - Hugh J. Byrne
- FOCAS Research Institute, Technological University Dublin Camden Row, D08CKP1 Dublin, Ireland; (A.C.)
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9
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Unraveling surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy results through chemometrics and machine learning: principles, progress, and trends. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023:10.1007/s00216-023-04620-y. [PMID: 36864313 PMCID: PMC9981450 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04620-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has gained increasing attention because it provides rich chemical information and high sensitivity, being applicable in many scientific fields including medical diagnosis, forensic analysis, food control, and microbiology. Although SERS is often limited by the lack of selectivity in the analysis of samples with complex matrices, the use of multivariate statistics and mathematical tools has been demonstrated to be an efficient strategy to circumvent this issue. Importantly, since the rapid development of artificial intelligence has been promoting the implementation of a wide variety of advanced multivariate methods in SERS, a discussion about the extent of their synergy and possible standardization becomes necessary. This critical review comprises the principles, advantages, and limitations of coupling SERS with chemometrics and machine learning for both qualitative and quantitative analytical applications. Recent advances and trends in combining SERS with uncommonly used but powerful data analysis tools are also discussed. Finally, a section on benchmarking and tips for selecting the suitable chemometric/machine learning method is included. We believe this will help to move SERS from an alternative detection strategy to a general analytical technique for real-life applications.
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10
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Beeram R, Vepa KR, Soma VR. Recent Trends in SERS-Based Plasmonic Sensors for Disease Diagnostics, Biomolecules Detection, and Machine Learning Techniques. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:328. [PMID: 36979540 PMCID: PMC10046859 DOI: 10.3390/bios13030328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy/scattering (SERS) has evolved into a popular tool for applications in biology and medicine owing to its ease-of-use, non-destructive, and label-free approach. Advances in plasmonics and instrumentation have enabled the realization of SERS's full potential for the trace detection of biomolecules, disease diagnostics, and monitoring. We provide a brief review on the recent developments in the SERS technique for biosensing applications, with a particular focus on machine learning techniques used for the same. Initially, the article discusses the need for plasmonic sensors in biology and the advantage of SERS over existing techniques. In the later sections, the applications are organized as SERS-based biosensing for disease diagnosis focusing on cancer identification and respiratory diseases, including the recent SARS-CoV-2 detection. We then discuss progress in sensing microorganisms, such as bacteria, with a particular focus on plasmonic sensors for detecting biohazardous materials in view of homeland security. At the end of the article, we focus on machine learning techniques for the (a) identification, (b) classification, and (c) quantification in SERS for biology applications. The review covers the work from 2010 onwards, and the language is simplified to suit the needs of the interdisciplinary audience.
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11
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Stefancu A, Gargiulo J, Laufersky G, Auguié B, Chiş V, Le Ru EC, Liu M, Leopold N, Cortés E. Interface-Dependent Selectivity in Plasmon-Driven Chemical Reactions. ACS NANO 2023; 17:3119-3127. [PMID: 36722817 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c12116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Plasmonic nanoparticles can drive chemical reactions powered by sunlight. These processes involve the excitation of surface plasmon resonances (SPR) and the subsequent charge transfer to adsorbed molecular orbitals. Nonetheless, controlling the flow of energy and charge from SPR to adsorbed molecules is still difficult to predict or tune. Here, we show the crucial role of halide ions in modifying the energy landscape of a plasmon-driven chemical reaction by carefully engineering the nanoparticle-molecule interface. By doing so, the selectivity of plasmon-driven chemical reactions can be controlled, either enhancing or inhibiting the metal-molecule charge and energy transfer or by regulating the vibrational pumping rate. These results provide an elegant method for controlling the energy flow from plasmonic nanoparticles to adsorbed molecules, in situ, and selectively targeting chemical bonds by changing the chemical nature of the metal-molecule interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Stefancu
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 Munich, Germany
- Faculty of Physics, Babeş-Bolyai University, Kogalniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Julian Gargiulo
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Geoffry Laufersky
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Baptiste Auguié
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Vasile Chiş
- Faculty of Physics, Babeş-Bolyai University, Kogalniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Eric C Le Ru
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Min Liu
- Hunan Joint International Research Center for Carbon Dioxide Resource Utilization, State Key Laboratory of Powder Metallurgy, School of Physics and Electronics, Central South University, Changsha 410083, P. R. China
| | - Nicolae Leopold
- Faculty of Physics, Babeş-Bolyai University, Kogalniceanu 1, 400084 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Emiliano Cortés
- Chair in Hybrid Nanosystems, Nanoinstitute Munich, Faculty of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 80539 Munich, Germany
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12
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Li J, She Q, Wang W, Liu R, You R, Wu Y, Weng J, Liu Y, Lu Y. Label-Free SERS Analysis of Serum Using Ag NPs/Cellulose Nanocrystal/Graphene Oxide Nanocomposite Film Substrate in Screening Colon Cancer. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:334. [PMID: 36678088 PMCID: PMC9864651 DOI: 10.3390/nano13020334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Label-free surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) analysis shows tremendous potential for the early diagnosis and screening of colon cancer, owing to the advantage of being noninvasive and sensitive. As a clinical diagnostic tool, however, the reproducibility of analytical methods is a priority. Herein, we successfully fabricated Ag NPs/cellulose nanocrystals/graphene oxide (Ag NPs/CNC/GO) nanocomposite film as a uniform SERS active substrate for label-free SERS analysis of clinical serum. The Ag NPs/CNC/GO suspensions by self-assembling GO into CNC solution through in-situ reduction method. Furthermore, we spin-coated the prepared suspensions on the bacterial cellulose membrane (BCM) to form Ag NPs/CNC/GO nanocomposite film. The nanofilm showed excellent sensitivity (LOD = 30 nM) and uniformity (RSD = 14.2%) for Nile Blue A detection. With a proof-of-concept demonstration for the label-free analysis of serum, the nanofilm combined with the principal component analysis-linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA) model can be effectively employed for colon cancer screening. The results showed that our model had an overall prediction accuracy of 84.1% for colon cancer (n = 28) and the normal (n = 28), and the specificity and sensitivity were 89.3% and 71.4%, respectively. This study indicated that label-free serum SERS analysis based on Ag NPs/CNC/GO nanocomposite film combined with machine learning holds promise for the early diagnosis of colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Oriented Chemical Engineer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Qiutian She
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Oriented Chemical Engineer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Wenxi Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Oriented Chemical Engineer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Ru Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Oriented Chemical Engineer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Ruiyun You
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Oriented Chemical Engineer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Yaling Wu
- College of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Institute of Oceanography Minjiang University, Fuzhou 350108, China
| | - Jingzheng Weng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Oriented Chemical Engineer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Yunzhen Liu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Oriented Chemical Engineer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
| | - Yudong Lu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Oriented Chemical Engineer, Fujian Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350007, China
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13
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Cheng Z, Li H, Chen C, Lv X, Zuo E, Han S, Li Z, Liu P, Li H, Chen C. Application of serum SERS technology based on thermally annealed silver nanoparticle composite substrate in breast cancer. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 41:103284. [PMID: 36646366 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Liquid biopsy is currently a non-destructive and convenient method of cancer screening, due to human blood containing a variety of cancer-related biomolecules. Therefore, the development of an accurate and rapid breast cancer screening technique combined with breast cancer serum is crucial for the treatment and prognosis of breast cancer patients. In this study, the surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) technique is used to enhance the Raman spectroscopy (RS) signal of serum based on a high sensitivity thermally annealed silver nanoparticle/porous silicon bragg mirror (AgNPs/PSB) composite substrate. Compared with RS, SERS reflects more and stronger spectral peak information, which is beneficial to discover new biomarkers of breast cancer. At the same time, to further explore the diagnostic ability of SERS technology for breast cancer. In this study, the raw spectral data are processed by baseline correction, polynomial smoothing, and normalization. Then, the relevant feature information of SERS and RS is extracted by principal component analysis (PCA), and five classification models are established to compare the diagnostic performance of SERS and RS models respectively. The experimental results show that the breast cancer diagnosis model based on the improved SERS substrate combined with the machine learning algorithm can be used to distinguish breast cancer patients from controls. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity and AUC values of the SVM model are 100%, 100%, 100% and 100%, respectively, as well as the training time of 4ms. The above experimental results show that the SERS technology based on AgNPs/PSB composite substrate, combined with machine learning methods, has great potential in the rapid and accurate identification of breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Cheng
- College of Software, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Hongyi Li
- Guangzhou Panyu Polytechnic, No. 1342 Shiliang Road, Guangzhou Panyu 511483, Guangdong, China
| | - Chen Chen
- College of Information Science, Engineering Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Xiaoyi Lv
- College of Software, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - EnGuang Zuo
- College of Information Science, Engineering Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Shibin Han
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Zhongyuan Li
- College of Information Science, Engineering Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Pei Liu
- College of Information Science, Engineering Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China
| | - Hongtao Li
- Xinjiang Medical University Affiliated Tumor Hospital, Urumqi 830054, China.
| | - Cheng Chen
- College of Software, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, China.
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14
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Moisoiu T, Dragomir MP, Iancu SD, Schallenberg S, Birolo G, Ferrero G, Burghelea D, Stefancu A, Cozan RG, Licarete E, Allione A, Matullo G, Iacob G, Bálint Z, Badea RI, Naccarati A, Horst D, Pardini B, Leopold N, Elec F. Combined miRNA and SERS urine liquid biopsy for the point-of-care diagnosis and molecular stratification of bladder cancer. Mol Med 2022; 28:39. [PMID: 35365098 PMCID: PMC8973824 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-022-00462-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bladder cancer (BC) has the highest per-patient cost of all cancer types. Hence, we aim to develop a non-invasive, point-of-care tool for the diagnostic and molecular stratification of patients with BC based on combined microRNAs (miRNAs) and surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) profiling of urine. METHODS Next-generation sequencing of the whole miRNome and SERS profiling were performed on urine samples collected from 15 patients with BC and 16 control subjects (CTRLs). A retrospective cohort (BC = 66 and CTRL = 50) and RT-qPCR were used to confirm the selected differently expressed miRNAs. Diagnostic accuracy was assessed using machine learning algorithms (logistic regression, naïve Bayes, and random forest), which were trained to discriminate between BC and CTRL, using as input either miRNAs, SERS, or both. The molecular stratification of BC based on miRNA and SERS profiling was performed to discriminate between high-grade and low-grade tumors and between luminal and basal types. RESULTS Combining SERS data with three differentially expressed miRNAs (miR-34a-5p, miR-205-3p, miR-210-3p) yielded an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.92 ± 0.06 in discriminating between BC and CTRL, an accuracy which was superior either to miRNAs (AUC = 0.84 ± 0.03) or SERS data (AUC = 0.84 ± 0.05) individually. When evaluating the classification accuracy for luminal and basal BC, the combination of miRNAs and SERS profiling averaged an AUC of 0.95 ± 0.03 across the three machine learning algorithms, again better than miRNA (AUC = 0.89 ± 0.04) or SERS (AUC = 0.92 ± 0.05) individually, although SERS alone performed better in terms of classification accuracy. CONCLUSION miRNA profiling synergizes with SERS profiling for point-of-care diagnostic and molecular stratification of BC. By combining the two liquid biopsy methods, a clinically relevant tool that can aid BC patients is envisaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tudor Moisoiu
- Clinical Institute of Urology and Renal Transplantation, 400006, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Biomed Data Analytics SRL, 400696, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mihnea P Dragomir
- Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117, Berlin, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Stefania D Iancu
- Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400084, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Simon Schallenberg
- Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Giovanni Birolo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Giulio Ferrero
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Turin, Regione Gonzole, 10, 10043, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Dan Burghelea
- Clinical Institute of Urology and Renal Transplantation, 400006, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrei Stefancu
- Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400084, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ramona G Cozan
- Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400084, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Emilia Licarete
- Faculty of Biology, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400015, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alessandra Allione
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Matullo
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Gheorghita Iacob
- Clinical Institute of Urology and Renal Transplantation, 400006, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Zoltán Bálint
- Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400084, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Radu I Badea
- Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Octavian Fodor Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 400162, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alessio Naccarati
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO IRCCS, 10060, Candiolo, Turin, Italy.,Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), IRCCS Candiolo, 10060, Candiolo, Turin, Italy
| | - David Horst
- Institute of Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Berlin, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Barbara Pardini
- Candiolo Cancer Institute-FPO IRCCS, 10060, Candiolo, Turin, Italy. .,Italian Institute for Genomic Medicine (IIGM), IRCCS Candiolo, 10060, Candiolo, Turin, Italy.
| | - Nicolae Leopold
- Biomed Data Analytics SRL, 400696, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. .,Faculty of Physics, Babeș-Bolyai University, 400084, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
| | - Florin Elec
- Clinical Institute of Urology and Renal Transplantation, 400006, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. .,Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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