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Henman MC, Ravera S, Lery FX. Council of Europe Resolution on the Implementation of Pharmaceutical Care-A Step Forward in Enhancing the Appropriate Use of Medicines and Patient-Centred Care. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:232. [PMID: 38255119 PMCID: PMC10815874 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12020232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceutical care was proposed to address morbidity and mortality associated with medicine-related problems. It utilises the pharmacist's expertise in medicines, their relationship with the patient and cooperation with other healthcare professionals to optimise the use of medicines. The European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines & HealthCare (EDQM), part of the Council of Europe, found significant variation in the acceptance of pharmaceutical care and in the implementation of pharmaceutical care in Europe. A multidisciplinary group was established to draft a statement of principles and recommendations concerning pharmaceutical care. Through face-to-face meetings, circulation of draft texts and informal consultation with stakeholders, the group produced a resolution. On 11 March 2020, the resolution was adopted by the Committee of Ministers of the Council of Europe. It explains pharmaceutical care and illustrates pharmacists' contribution to medicine optimisation in different care settings. Pharmaceutical care's value to health services and its place in health policy were emphasised by addressing the risks and harms from suboptimal use of medicines. Pharmaceutical care can improve medicine use, promote rational use of healthcare resources and reduce inequalities in healthcare by realigning the roles and responsibilities of pharmacists and healthcare professionals. EDQM will promote and advocate for the implementation of pharmaceutical care by enacting practice Resolution CM/Res(2020)3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin C. Henman
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Silvia Ravera
- European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines and HealthCare (EDQM), Council of Europe, F-67081 Strasbourg, France; (S.R.); (F.-X.L.)
| | - Francois-Xavier Lery
- European Directorate for the Quality of Medicines and HealthCare (EDQM), Council of Europe, F-67081 Strasbourg, France; (S.R.); (F.-X.L.)
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Biset N, Lelubre M, Pochet S, De Vriese C. Asthma and COPD: Comparison with International Guidelines and Medication Adherence in Belgium. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1030. [PMID: 37513942 PMCID: PMC10386066 DOI: 10.3390/ph16071030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are major chronic conditions. It is possible to limit their impact by controlling symptoms, which limits exacerbations and worsening of the disease, by choosing the appropriate treatment and ensuring that the patient adheres to it. The main purpose of this study was to assess medication adherence and persistence with inhaled medications for chronic treatment of asthma and COPD, as well as to evaluate the factors influencing this adherence. Medication adherence was measured from January 2013 to December 2016 using continuous multiple-interval measures of medication availability (CMA). Persistence was evaluated by treatment episodes (TE). We analyzed the influence of different factors on CMA such as sex, age, type of device, and the realization of the "new medicines service" (NMS), introduced in Belgium in October 2013 to support patients in adhering to their treatment. We also analyzed the consumption of these inhaled medications within the Belgian population and compared them with the Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) and the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) recommendations. Medication adherence varied greatly between the different pharmacological classes: inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) alone or in combination with long-acting beta agonists (LABA) had the lowest medication adherence and persistence, while adherence was highest for the long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMA) and LABA/LAMA associations. The NMS seemed to have a positive impact on medication adherence, although few patients completed the two guidance interviews offered by the service. In addition, only a minority of the targeted patients took advantage of this new service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natacha Biset
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mélanie Lelubre
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Pochet
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Carine De Vriese
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Seda V, Moles RJ, Carter SR, Schneider CR. Assessing the comparative effectiveness of implementation strategies for professional services to community pharmacy: A systematic review. Res Social Adm Pharm 2022; 18:3469-3483. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2022.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Putman B, Coucke L, Vanoverschelde A, Mehuys E, Lahousse L. Community pharmacist counseling improves adherence and asthma control: a nationwide study. BMC Health Serv Res 2022; 22:112. [PMID: 35081939 PMCID: PMC8790878 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-022-07518-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pharmaceutical counseling (PC) interventions have been shown to improve adherence to controller medication and asthma control. However, the real-life impact of these PC interventions in difficult-to-control asthma patients remains unclear. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of PC interventions in real life using nationwide claims data. Methods Demographics and drugs use of patients who received ICS in 2017 with or without pharmaceutical counseling were retrieved from a Belgian claims database. Asthma-related drug use from 1 year before first ICS dispensing in 2017 (reference period) was compared with 1 year after. Outcomes were usage of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in defined daily doses (DDD), proportion of users of short-acting beta-agonist (SABA), antibiotics, oral corticosteroids (OCS), asthma biologicals and controller-to-total (CTT) ratio. Results The study population consisted of difficult-to-control asthma patients aged 5–40 years with at least the first interview within 90 days after first ICS dispensing (n = 1350). ICS usage increased significantly in the year after PC intervention compared with the reference period (+ 43.3 DDD/patient, p < 0.05). A nominal decrease was observed in the proportion of SABA (48.0 to 46.2%) and antibiotics (54.5 to 52.7%) after PC intervention compared with the reference period. CTT ratio significantly increased from 0.671 to 0.749 (p < 0.05). The proportion of biological users was nominally lower in the intervention group compared with a control group (n = 50,477) in the post-intervention time period (0.22% versus 0.30%). Conclusions This first nationwide study among difficult-to-control asthma patients suggests that community pharmacist counseling is effective in real life to improve controller adherence and asthma control. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12913-022-07518-0.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Putman
- Pharmaceutical Care Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Louise Coucke
- Pharmaceutical Care Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Anna Vanoverschelde
- Pharmaceutical Care Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Els Mehuys
- Pharmaceutical Care Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lies Lahousse
- Pharmaceutical Care Unit, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ottergemsesteenweg 460, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium.
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Moecker R, Terstegen T, Haefeli WE, Seidling HM. The influence of intervention complexity on barriers and facilitators in the implementation of professional pharmacy services - A systematic review. Res Social Adm Pharm 2021; 17:1651-1662. [PMID: 33579611 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2021.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Community pharmacies increasingly offer professional pharmacy services, whose implementation is often influenced by facilitating or obstructive implementation factors. The occurrence and composition of implementation factors vary among different services with discrete characteristics and complexity of the intervention, making it difficult to foresee potential barriers in implementation. OBJECTIVE(S) This paper investigates potential associations between intervention complexity and occurring implementation factors. METHODS A systematic literature search on the implementation factors and intervention complexity of professional pharmacy services in the community setting was carried out in electronic databases (PubMed, CINAHL, and PsycINFO) throughout December 2018. Implementation factors were extracted from semi-structured interviews, focus groups, and surveys with community pharmacists and categorized using the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). The complexity of each service was assessed using the following complexity parameters: (I) number of involved healthcare professions, (II) number of service components such as recruiting of patients, screening intervention, and follow-up, (III) frequency of the service, (IV) expenditure of time per patient (encounter), and (V) workflow distortion, i.e. booking appointments for intervention with the patient. Finally, the association between implementation factors and intervention complexity was analyzed by quantifying implementation factors and by relating them to specific intervention characteristics using Fisher's exact test. RESULTS 15 studies covering a broad spectrum of professional pharmacy services were included. There was a trend that in services with higher complexity more implementation factors occurred (p = 0.094). Single key complexity parameters can trigger specific implementation factors. For instance, general practitioner and pharmacy technician involvement were significantly associated with interprofessional communication and leadership engagement, respectively. CONCLUSION Key implementation factors and associated complexity parameters seem to be of similar or more importance than the total number of implementation factors with regard to successful implementation. By assessing various complexity parameters of an intervention, potential key barriers could be identified and subsequently addressed prior to implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Moecker
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany; Cooperation Unit Clinical Pharmacy, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Theresa Terstegen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany; Cooperation Unit Clinical Pharmacy, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Walter E Haefeli
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany; Cooperation Unit Clinical Pharmacy, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Hanna M Seidling
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Pharmacoepidemiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany; Cooperation Unit Clinical Pharmacy, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 410, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Qualitative study of medication review in Flanders, Belgium among community pharmacists and general practitioners. Int J Clin Pharm 2021; 43:1173-1182. [PMID: 33484398 DOI: 10.1007/s11096-020-01224-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Objective Examining the implementation barriers and facilitators of this service as provided by Belgian community pharmacists in collaboration with general practitioners. Setting Community pharmacies in Flanders. Method Qualitative study through interviews of pharmacists and general practitioners. Main outcome measure Opinions and experiences of pharmacists and general practitioners about type 3 medication review. Results Sixteen community pharmacists and thirteen general practitioners were interviewed and generally gave a positive assessment of the project. The general practitioners saw the pharmaceutical and pharmacotherapeutic recommendations of the pharmacists as an added value for the patients. The pharmacists indicated that performing an medication review was time-consuming, but that it improved their professional relationship with general practitioners and patients. They reported obstacles in obtaining information: cumbersome access to individual patient data (laboratory values) and difficulties in finding and choosing adequate medical information sources. Moreover, pharmacists indicated that there is a need for adequate reimbursement and additional training to make the implementation sustainable. Conclusion Both pharmacists and general practitioners were enthusiastic about medication reviews. The implementation improved the interprofessional collaboration. However, important barriers remain, such as the considerable investment of time and the difficulty in gathering all the necessary information. The sustainable implementation of type 3 medication review in Belgium requires adequate reimbursement and additional training.
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Iliovska K, Sterjev Z, Kapedanovska Nestorovska A. Pharmaceutical care in the treatment of pediatric asthma: the role of community pharmacist. MAKEDONSKO FARMACEVTSKI BILTEN 2020. [DOI: 10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2020.66.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is one of the leading chronic diseases in the pediatric population affecting 1 out of every 12 school-aged children. It has a significant contribution to the growing prevalence in prescribed medications. The symptoms of pediatric asthma are often variable. Pharmacotherapy is dominant modality in the treatment of asthma. Safe and effective treatment is still a challenge for all caregivers, including pharmacists. Taking into account the increasing global burden of asthma, pharmacists are ideally positioned to contribute in asthma management. The concept of pharmaceutical care implies achieving an optimal therapeutic outcome and improving patient’s quality of life through the promotion of rational drug use.
The aim of this article is to give an overview of published data emphasizing to the need of implementation of pharmaceutical care services in the treatment of childhood asthma and the significant aspects of pediatric asthma medication therapy management in community pharmacy.
Keywords: asthma, pediatric population, community pharmacist, pharmaceutical care
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Iliovska
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Majka Tereza 47, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
| | - Zoran Sterjev
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Majka Tereza 47, 1000 Skopje, Republic of North Macedonia
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Elliott RA, Boyd MJ, Tanajewski L, Barber N, Gkountouras G, Avery AJ, Mehta R, Davies JE, Salema NE, Craig C, Latif A, Waring J, Chuter A. 'New Medicine Service': supporting adherence in people starting a new medication for a long-term condition: 26-week follow-up of a pragmatic randomised controlled trial. BMJ Qual Saf 2019; 29:286-295. [PMID: 31732700 PMCID: PMC7146933 DOI: 10.1136/bmjqs-2018-009177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Objective To examine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the community pharmacy New Medicine Service (NMS) at 26 weeks. Methods Pragmatic patient-level parallel randomised controlled trial in 46 English community pharmacies. 504 participants aged ≥14, identified in the pharmacy when presenting a prescription for a new medicine for predefined long-term conditions, randomised to receive NMS (n=251) or normal practice (n=253) (NMS intervention: 2 consultations 1 and 2 weeks after prescription presentation). Adherence assessed through patient self-report at 26-week follow-up. Intention-to-treat analysis employed. National Health Service (NHS) costs calculated. Disease-specific Markov models estimating impact of non-adherence combined with clinical trial data to calculate costs per extra quality-adjusted life-year (QALY; NHS England perspective). Results Unadjusted analysis: of 327 patients still taking the initial medicine, 97/170 (57.1%) and 103/157 (65.6%) (p=0.113) patients were adherent in normal practice and NMS arms, respectively. Adjusted intention-to-treat analysis: adherence OR 1.50 (95% CI 0.93 to 2.44, p=0.095), in favour of NMS. There was a non-significant reduction in 26-week NHS costs for NMS: −£104 (95% CI −£37 to £257, p=0.168) per patient. NMS generated a mean of 0.04 (95% CI −0.01 to 0.13) more QALYs per patient, with mean reduction in lifetime cost of −£113.9 (−1159.4, 683.7). The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was −£2758/QALY (2.5% and 97.5%: −38 739.5, 34 024.2. NMS has an 89% probability of cost-effectiveness at a willingness to pay of £20 000 per QALY. Conclusions At 26-week follow-up, NMS was unable to demonstrate a statistically significant increase in adherence or reduction in NHS costs, which may be attributable to patient attrition from the study. Long-term economic evaluation suggested NMS may deliver better patient outcomes and reduced overall healthcare costs than normal practice, but uncertainty around this finding is high. Trial registration number NCT01635361, ISRCTN23560818, ISRCTN23560818, UKCRN12494.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Ann Elliott
- Manchester Centre for Health Economics, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Matthew J Boyd
- Division of Pharmacy Practice and Policy, University of Nottingham School of Pharmacy, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Nick Barber
- School of Pharmacy, UCL School of Pharmacy, London, UK
| | - Georgios Gkountouras
- Manchester Centre for Health Economics, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | - Rajnikant Mehta
- School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | | | - Asam Latif
- School of Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Justin Waring
- Nottingham University Business School, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Antony Chuter
- School of Pharmacy, 68 Brighton Cottages, Haywards Heath, UK
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Lelubre M, Wuyts J, Maesschalck J, Duquet N, Foubert K, Hutsebaut C, Moullin J, De Wulf I, Boussery K, Foulon V, De Vriese C. Implementation study of an intermediate medication review in Belgian community pharmacies. Res Social Adm Pharm 2019; 15:710-723. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Translation and initial validation of the Medication Adherence Report Scale (MARS) in Italian patients with Crohn's Disease. Dig Liver Dis 2019; 51:640-647. [PMID: 30409692 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2018.09.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The MARS-5 (Medication Adherence Report Scale) was developed in English. The aim of this project was to analyse the MARS-5I (© Prof Rob Horne) psychometric properties and to identify whether its Italian translation is suitable for assessing medication adherence in Crohn Disease (CD) Italian patients. The MARS was translated and linguistically validated in Italian. The MARS-5I was used for evaluating medication adherence in the SOLE study, conducted in Italy on 552 subjects with CD. In order to un-bias the questionnaire results from the effects of treatment change and/or effectiveness, the analyses were performed on the 277 patients whose disease activity remained stable, selected among the 371 patients who maintained the same treatment between two consecutive visits. Internal consistency was high (Cronbach's alpha of 0.86). Pearson's correlation coefficient was 0.50 (p<0.001) and 0.86 (p<0.001- outliers removed), indicating satisfactory test-retest. MARS 5I scores were not correlated with Treatment Satisfaction Questionnaire for Medication but a small and statistically significant correlation was shown with physician-evaluated medication adherence, indicating convergent validity. MARS-5I, the Italian translation of the English MARS, showed satisfactory internal consistency and test-retest, and a low but statistically significant convergent validity. We confirmed the utility of this tool in patients with CD.
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Lelubre M, Clerc O, Grosjean M, Amighi K, De Vriese C, Bugnon O, Schneider MP. Implementation study of an interprofessional medication adherence program for HIV patients in Switzerland: quantitative and qualitative implementation results. BMC Health Serv Res 2018; 18:874. [PMID: 30458844 PMCID: PMC6247756 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-018-3641-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background An interprofessional medication adherence program (IMAP) for chronic patients was developed and successfully implemented in the community pharmacy of the Department of ambulatory care and community medicine (Lausanne, Switzerland). This study assesses the capacity of a physician and a nurse at the infectious diseases service of a public hospital and of community pharmacists in the Neuchâtel area (Switzerland) to implement the IMAP in their practice. Methods Mixed method, prospective, observational study. Quantitative and qualitative analyses of the implementation process were conducted following the RE-AIM model (reach, effectiveness, adoption, implementation and maintenance). Results Implementation started in November 2014. One physician, one nurse, and five pharmacists agreed to participate. Healthcare professionals perceived the benefits of the program and were motivated to implement it in their practice (adoption). Seventeen patients were included in the program; 13 refused to participate. The inclusion of naïve HIV patients was easier than the inclusion of experienced patients with difficult psychosocial issues (reach). Pharmacists were engaged in reinforcing patient medication adherence in 25% of interviews (effectiveness). Key facilitators expressed by healthcare professionals were patient inclusion by the physician and the nurse instead of the pharmacist and the organisation of regular meetings between all stakeholders. In contrast, the encountered barriers were the lack of time and resources, the lack of team uptake, and the lack of adoption by senior managers (implementation). Interviewed patients were all satisfied with this new program, encouraging healthcare professionals to scale it up. Structural changes allowed the hospital and one pharmacy to enter the maintenance stage (maintenance). Conclusion The research team and collaboration between all professionals involved played an important role in this implementation. However, the dissemination of such a program to a larger scale and for the long term requires financial and structural resources as well as transitional external support. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12913-018-3641-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Lelubre
- Community pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland.,Community pharmacy, Department of ambulatory care and community medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutics, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Clerc
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Pourtalès Hospital, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Marielle Grosjean
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Pourtalès Hospital, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Karim Amighi
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutics, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Carine De Vriese
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutics, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Bugnon
- Community pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland.,Community pharmacy, Department of ambulatory care and community medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marie-Paule Schneider
- Community pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, Geneva, Switzerland. .,Community pharmacy, Department of ambulatory care and community medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Community Pharmacy Use by Children across Europe: A Narrative Literature Review. PHARMACY 2018; 6:pharmacy6020051. [PMID: 29867012 PMCID: PMC6024996 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy6020051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of community pharmacies across Europe has potential to alleviate the burden on overstretched healthcare providers. Children and young people (0–18 years) account for a large number of primary care attendances. This narrative literature review between January 2000 and December 2017 examines the use of community pharmacy by paediatric patients in Europe. The results report both positive and negative perceptions of community pharmacy by parents and children, opportunities for an extended role in Europe, as well as the need for further training. The main limitations were the inclusion of English language papers only and an initial review of the literature carried out by a single researcher. It remains to be seen whether a ‘new-look’ role of the community pharmacist is practical and in alignment with specific European Commission and national policies.
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