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Pettersson M, Johnson DS, Humphrey JM, Am Ende CW, Butler TW, Dorff PH, Efremov IV, Evrard E, Green ME, Helal CJ, Kauffman GW, Mullins PB, Navaratnam T, O'Donnell CJ, O'Sullivan TJ, Patel NC, Stepan AF, Stiff CM, Subramanyam C, Trapa P, Tran TP, Vetelino BC, Yang E, Xie L, Pustilnik LR, Steyn SJ, Wood KM, Bales KR, Hajos-Korcsok E, Verhoest PR. Discovery of Clinical Candidate PF-06648671: A Potent γ-Secretase Modulator for the Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease. J Med Chem 2024. [PMID: 38848667 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we describe the design and synthesis of γ-secretase modulator (GSM) clinical candidate PF-06648671 (22) for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. A key component of the design involved a 2,5-cis-tetrahydrofuran (THF) linker to impart conformational rigidity and lock the compound into a putative bioactive conformation. This effort was guided using a pharmacophore model since crystallographic information was not available for the membrane-bound γ-secretase protein complex at the time of this work. PF-06648671 achieved excellent alignment of whole cell in vitro potency (Aβ42 IC50 = 9.8 nM) and absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) parameters. This resulted in favorable in vivo pharmacokinetic (PK) profile in preclinical species, and PF-06648671 achieved a human PK profile suitable for once-a-day dosing. Furthermore, PF-06648671 was found to have favorable brain availability in rodent, which translated into excellent central exposure in human and robust reduction of amyloid β (Aβ) 42 in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pettersson
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Douglas S Johnson
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - John M Humphrey
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | | | - Todd W Butler
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Peter H Dorff
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Ivan V Efremov
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Edelweiss Evrard
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Michael E Green
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Christopher J Helal
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Gregory W Kauffman
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Patrick B Mullins
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Thayalan Navaratnam
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | | | - Theresa J O'Sullivan
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Nandini C Patel
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Antonia F Stepan
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Cory M Stiff
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | | | - Patrick Trapa
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Tuan P Tran
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Beth Cooper Vetelino
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Eddie Yang
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Longfei Xie
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Leslie R Pustilnik
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Stefanus J Steyn
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kathleen M Wood
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Kelly R Bales
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Eva Hajos-Korcsok
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Patrick R Verhoest
- Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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2
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Roy SK, Srivastava S, McCance C, Shrivastava A, Morvant J, Shankar S, Srivastava RK. Clinical significance of PNO1 as a novel biomarker and therapeutic target of hepatocellular carcinoma. J Cell Mol Med 2024; 28:e18295. [PMID: 38722284 PMCID: PMC11081011 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.18295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The RNA-binding protein PNO1 plays an essential role in ribosome biogenesis. Recent studies have shown that it is involved in tumorigenesis; however, its role in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to examine whether PNO1 can be used as a biomarker of HCC and also examine the therapeutic potential of PNO1 knockout for the treatment of HCC. PNO1 expression was upregulated in HCC and associated with poor prognosis. PNO1 expression was positively associated with tumour stage, lymph node metastasis and poor survival. PNO1 expression was significantly higher in HCC compared to that in fibrolamellar carcinoma or normal tissues. Furthermore, HCC tissues with mutant Tp53 expressed higher PNO1 than those with wild-type Tp53. PNO1 knockout suppressed cell viability, colony formation and EMT of HCC cells. Since activation of Notch signalling pathway promotes HCC, we measured the effects of PNO1 knockout on the components of Notch pathway and its targets. PNO1 knockout suppressed Notch signalling by modulating the expression of Notch ligands and their receptors, and downstream targets. PNO1 knockout also inhibited genes involved in surface adhesion, cell cycle, inflammation and chemotaxis. PNO1 knockout also inhibited colony and spheroid formation, cell migration and invasion, and markers of stem cells, pluripotency and EMT in CSCs. Overall, our data suggest that PNO1 can be used as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker of HCC, and knockout of PNO1 by CRISPR/Cas9 can be beneficial for the management of HCC by targeting CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjit K. Roy
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of MedicineLouisiana State University HealthNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | | | - Caroline McCance
- Department of Cellular and Molecular BiologyTulane UniversityNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | | | - Jason Morvant
- Department of SurgeryOchsner Health SystemGretnaLouisianaUSA
| | - Sharmila Shankar
- Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care SystemNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
- John W. Deming Department of MedicineTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Rakesh K. Srivastava
- Stanley S. Scott Cancer Center, School of MedicineLouisiana State University HealthNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
- Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care SystemNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
- Department of GeneticsLouisiana State University Health Sciences Center – New OrleansNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
- GLAXDoverDelawareUSA
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3
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Chen H, Zeng Y, Wang D, Li Y, Xing J, Zeng Y, Liu Z, Zhou X, Fan H. Neuroinflammation of Microglial Regulation in Alzheimer's Disease: Therapeutic Approaches. Molecules 2024; 29:1478. [PMID: 38611758 PMCID: PMC11013124 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex degenerative disease of the central nervous system that is clinically characterized by a progressive decline in memory and cognitive function. The pathogenesis of AD is intricate and not yet fully understood. Neuroinflammation, particularly microglial activation-mediated neuroinflammation, is believed to play a crucial role in increasing the risk, triggering the onset, and hastening the progression of AD. Modulating microglial activation and regulating microglial energy metabolic disorder are seen as promising strategies to intervene in AD. The application of anti-inflammatory drugs and the targeting of microglia for the prevention and treatment of AD has emerged as a new area of research interest. This article provides a comprehensive review of the role of neuroinflammation of microglial regulation in the development of AD, exploring the connection between microglial energy metabolic disorder, neuroinflammation, and AD development. Additionally, the advancements in anti-inflammatory and microglia-regulating therapies for AD are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyun Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacy (School of Integrative Pharmacy), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (H.C.)
| | - Yuhan Zeng
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.Z.)
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dan Wang
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.Z.)
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yichen Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Drugs, School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China;
| | - Jieyu Xing
- College of Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacy (School of Integrative Pharmacy), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (H.C.)
| | - Yuejia Zeng
- College of Pharmacy, Clinical Pharmacy (School of Integrative Pharmacy), Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (H.C.)
| | - Zheng Liu
- School of Medicine, Foshan University, Foshan 528000, China;
| | - Xinhua Zhou
- Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Hui Fan
- Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.Z.)
- Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Key Unit of Modulating Liver to Treat Hyperlipemia SATCM, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Feng M, Santhanam RK, Xing H, Zhou M, Jia H. Inhibition of γ-secretase/Notch pathway as a potential therapy for reversing cancer drug resistance. Biochem Pharmacol 2024; 220:115991. [PMID: 38135129 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism of tumor drug resistance is complex and may involve stem cell maintenance, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, the activation of survival signaling pathways, transporter protein expression, and tumor microenvironment remodeling, all of which are linked to γ-secretase/Notch signaling. Increasing evidence has shown that the activation of the γ-secretase/Notch pathway is a key driver of cancer progression and drug resistance development and that γ-secretase inhibitors (GSIs) may be the most promising agents for reversing chemotherapy resistance of tumors by targeting the γ-secretase/Notch pathway. Here, we systematically summarize the roles in supporting γ-secretase/Notch activation-associated transformation of cancer cells into cancer stem cells, promotion of the EMT process, PI3K/Akt, MEK/ERK and NF-κB activation, enhancement of ABC transporter protein expression, and TME alteration in mediating tumor drug resistance. Subsequently, we analyze the mechanism of GSIs targeting the γ-secretase/Notch pathway to reverse tumor drug resistance and propose the outstanding advantages of GSIs in treating breast cancer drug resistance over other tumors. Finally, we emphasize that the development of GSIs for reversing tumor drug resistance is promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Feng
- Science and Experimental Research Center of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China; Shenyang Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Ramesh Kumar Santhanam
- Faculty of Science and Marine Environment, University Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Huan Xing
- Science and Experimental Research Center of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China
| | - Mingsheng Zhou
- Science and Experimental Research Center of Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China; Shenyang Key Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Shenyang 110034, China.
| | - Hui Jia
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China.
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Soto-Mercado V, Mendivil-Perez M, Velez-Pardo C, Jimenez-Del-Rio M. Neuroprotective Effect of Combined Treatment with Epigallocatechin 3-Gallate and Melatonin on Familial Alzheimer's Disease PSEN1 E280A Cerebral Spheroids Derived from Menstrual Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. J Alzheimers Dis 2024; 99:S51-S66. [PMID: 36846998 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) is caused by mutations in one or more of 3 genes known as AβPP, PSEN1, and PSEN2. There are currently no effective therapies for FAD. Hence, novel therapeutics are needed. Objective To analyze the effect of treatment with a combination of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) and Melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine, aMT) in a cerebral spheroid (CS) 3D in vitro model of PSEN 1 E280A FAD. Methods We developed a CS in vitro model based on menstrual stromal cells derived from wild-type (WT) and mutant PSEN1 E280A menstrual blood cultured in Fast-N-Spheres V2 medium. Results Beta-tubulin III, choline acetyltransferase, and GFAP in both WT and mutant CSs spontaneously expressed neuronal and astroglia markers when grown in Fast-N-Spheres V2 medium for 4 or 11 days. Mutant PSEN1 CSs had significantly increased levels of intracellular AβPP fragment peptides and concomitant appearance of oxidized DJ-1 as early as 4 days, and phosphorylated tau, decreased ΔΨm, and increased caspase-3 activity were observed on Day 11. Moreover, mutant CSs were unresponsive to acetylcholine. Treatment with a combination of EGCG and aMT decreased the levels of all typical pathological markers of FAD more efficiently than did EGCG or aMT alone, but aMT failed to restore Ca2+ influx in mutant CSs and decreased the beneficial effect of EGCG on Ca2+ influx in mutant CSs. Conclusion Treatment with a combination of EGCG and aMT can be of high therapeutic value due to the high antioxidant capacity and anti-amyloidogenic effect of both compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana Soto-Mercado
- Neuroscience Research Group, Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, SIU Medellin, Colombia
| | - Miguel Mendivil-Perez
- Neuroscience Research Group, Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, SIU Medellin, Colombia
| | - Carlos Velez-Pardo
- Neuroscience Research Group, Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, SIU Medellin, Colombia
| | - Marlene Jimenez-Del-Rio
- Neuroscience Research Group, Medical Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, SIU Medellin, Colombia
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6
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Do HN, Malvankar SR, Wolfe MS, Miao Y. Molecular Dynamics Activation of γ-Secretase for Cleavage of the Notch1 Substrate. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:4216-4226. [PMID: 37942767 PMCID: PMC10900880 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
γ-Secretase is an intramembrane aspartyl protease complex that cleaves the transmembrane domain of over 150 peptide substrates, including amyloid precursor protein (APP) and the Notch family of receptors, via two conserved aspartates D257 and D385 in the presenilin-1 (PS1) catalytic subunit. However, while the activation of γ-secretase for cleavage of APP has been widely studied, the cleavage of Notch by γ-secretase remains poorly explored. Here, we combined Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics (GaMD) simulations and mass spectrometry (MS) analysis of proteolytic products to present the first dynamic models for cleavage of Notch by γ-secretase. MS showed that γ-secretase cleaved the WT Notch at Notch residue G34, while cleavage of the L36F mutant Notch occurred at Notch residue C33. Initially, we prepared our simulation systems starting from the cryoEM structure of Notch-bound γ-secretase (PDB: 6IDF) and failed to capture the proper cleavages of WT and L36F Notch by γ-secretase. We then discovered an incorrect registry of the Notch substrate in the PS1 active site through alignment of the experimental structure of Notch-bound (PDB: 6IDF) and APP-bound γ-secretase (PDB: 6IYC). Every residue of the APP substrate was systematically mutated to the corresponding Notch residue to prepare a resolved model of Notch-bound γ-secretase complexes. GaMD simulations of the resolved model successfully captured γ-secretase activation for proper cleavages of both WT and L36F mutant Notch. Our findings presented here provided mechanistic insights into the structural dynamics and enzyme-substrate interactions required for γ-secretase activation for cleavage of Notch and other substrates.
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7
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Nithianandam V, Bukhari H, Leventhal MJ, Battaglia RA, Dong X, Fraenkel E, Feany MB. Integrative analysis reveals a conserved role for the amyloid precursor protein in proteostasis during aging. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7034. [PMID: 37923712 PMCID: PMC10624868 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42822-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Aβ peptides derived from the amyloid precursor protein (APP) have been strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. However, the normal function of APP and the importance of that role in neurodegenerative disease is less clear. We recover the Drosophila ortholog of APP, Appl, in an unbiased forward genetic screen for neurodegeneration mutants. We perform comprehensive single cell transcriptional and proteomic studies of Appl mutant flies to investigate Appl function in the aging brain. We find an unexpected role for Appl in control of multiple cellular pathways, including translation, mitochondrial function, nucleic acid and lipid metabolism, cellular signaling and proteostasis. We mechanistically define a role for Appl in regulating autophagy through TGFβ signaling and document the broader relevance of our findings using mouse genetic, human iPSC and in vivo tauopathy models. Our results demonstrate a conserved role for APP in controlling age-dependent proteostasis with plausible relevance to Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanitha Nithianandam
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Hassan Bukhari
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Matthew J Leventhal
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
- MIT Ph.D. Program in Computational and Systems Biology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Rachel A Battaglia
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
| | - Xianjun Dong
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Hub, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ernest Fraenkel
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Mel B Feany
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
- Aligning Science Across Parkinson's (ASAP) Collaborative Research Network, Chevy Chase, MD, 20815, USA.
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8
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Atlante A, Valenti D. Mitochondrial Complex I and β-Amyloid Peptide Interplay in Alzheimer's Disease: A Critical Review of New and Old Little Regarded Findings. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15951. [PMID: 37958934 PMCID: PMC10650435 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder and the main cause of dementia which is characterized by a progressive cognitive decline that severely interferes with daily activities of personal life. At a pathological level, it is characterized by the accumulation of abnormal protein structures in the brain-β-amyloid (Aβ) plaques and Tau tangles-which interfere with communication between neurons and lead to their dysfunction and death. In recent years, research on AD has highlighted the critical involvement of mitochondria-the primary energy suppliers for our cells-in the onset and progression of the disease, since mitochondrial bioenergetic deficits precede the beginning of the disease and mitochondria are very sensitive to Aβ toxicity. On the other hand, if it is true that the accumulation of Aβ in the mitochondria leads to mitochondrial malfunctions, it is otherwise proven that mitochondrial dysfunction, through the generation of reactive oxygen species, causes an increase in Aβ production, by initiating a vicious cycle: there is therefore a bidirectional relationship between Aβ aggregation and mitochondrial dysfunction. Here, we focus on the latest news-but also on neglected evidence from the past-concerning the interplay between dysfunctional mitochondrial complex I, oxidative stress, and Aβ, in order to understand how their interplay is implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Atlante
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies (IBIOM), National Research Council (CNR), Via G. Amendola 122/O, 70126 Bari, Italy;
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Contreras W, Bazan JF, Mentrup T. The transmembrane domain of Frey1 harbors a transplantable inhibitory motif for intramembrane proteases. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:170. [PMID: 37261541 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04823-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Although aspartic intramembrane-cleaving proteases (I-CLIPs) are crucial switches of multiple signaling pathways and involved in several devastating diseases, little is known about their physiological regulation. We have recently identified Frey regulator of sperm-oocyte fusion 1 (Frey1) as an inhibitory protein of Signal Peptide Peptidase-like 2c (SPPL2c), a member of this protease family. Employing structure modeling along with cell-based inhibition and interaction studies, we identify a short motif within the Frey1 transmembrane domain essential for inhibition of SPPL2c. Intriguingly, this motif can be transplanted to the SPPL2c substrate PLN, thereby transforming it into an inhibitor of this enzyme. It can be adopted for the generation of Notch1-based γ-Secretase inhibitors demonstrating its versatile use among aspartic I-CLIPs. In summary, we describe a mechanism of aspartic I-CLIP inhibition which allows the targeted generation of specific inhibitors of these enzymes and might enable the identification of endogenous negative regulators of these enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whendy Contreras
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Fiedlerstraße 42, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - J Fernando Bazan
- Unit for Structural Biology, VIB-UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Torben Mentrup
- Institute of Physiological Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, Fiedlerstraße 42, 01307, Dresden, Germany.
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Wilkins HM. Interactions between amyloid, amyloid precursor protein, and mitochondria. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:173-182. [PMID: 36688439 PMCID: PMC9987971 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and Aβ accumulation are hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Decades of research describe a relationship between mitochondrial function and Aβ production. Amyloid precursor protein (APP), of which Aβ is generated from, is found within mitochondria. Studies suggest Aβ can be generated in mitochondria and imported into mitochondria. APP and Aβ alter mitochondrial function, while mitochondrial function alters Aβ production from APP. The role these interactions contribute to AD pathology and progression are unknown. Here, we discuss prior research, the rigor of those studies, and the critical knowledge gaps of relationships between APP, Aβ, and mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M. Wilkins
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, Kansas City, KS, U.S.A
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, U.S.A
- Department of Neurology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, U.S.A
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11
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Do HN, Devkota S, Bhattarai A, Wolfe MS, Miao Y. Effects of presenilin-1 familial Alzheimer's disease mutations on γ-secretase activation for cleavage of amyloid precursor protein. Commun Biol 2023; 6:174. [PMID: 36788318 PMCID: PMC9929099 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04539-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Presenilin-1 (PS1) is the catalytic subunit of γ-secretase which cleaves within the transmembrane domain of over 150 peptide substrates. Dominant missense mutations in PS1 cause early-onset familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD); however, the exact pathogenic mechanism remains unknown. Here we combined Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics (GaMD) simulations and biochemical experiments to determine the effects of six representative PS1 FAD mutations (P117L, I143T, L166P, G384A, L435F, and L286V) on the enzyme-substrate interactions between γ-secretase and amyloid precursor protein (APP). Biochemical experiments showed that all six PS1 FAD mutations rendered γ-secretase less active for the endoproteolytic (ε) cleavage of APP. Distinct low-energy conformational states were identified from the free energy profiles of wildtype and PS1 FAD-mutant γ-secretase. The P117L and L286V FAD mutants could still sample the "Active" state for substrate cleavage, but with noticeably reduced conformational space compared with the wildtype. The other mutants hardly visited the "Active" state. The PS1 FAD mutants were found to reduce γ-secretase proteolytic activity by hindering APP residue L49 from proper orientation in the active site and/or disrupting the distance between the catalytic aspartates. Therefore, our findings provide mechanistic insights into how PS1 FAD mutations affect structural dynamics and enzyme-substrate interactions of γ-secretase and APP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung N. Do
- grid.266515.30000 0001 2106 0692Center for Computational Biology and Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047 USA
| | - Sujan Devkota
- grid.266515.30000 0001 2106 0692Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047 USA
| | - Apurba Bhattarai
- grid.266515.30000 0001 2106 0692Center for Computational Biology and Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047 USA
| | - Michael S. Wolfe
- grid.266515.30000 0001 2106 0692Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047 USA
| | - Yinglong Miao
- Center for Computational Biology and Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66047, USA.
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Strope TA, Wilkins HM. Amyloid precursor protein and mitochondria. Curr Opin Neurobiol 2023; 78:102651. [PMID: 36462447 PMCID: PMC9845182 DOI: 10.1016/j.conb.2022.102651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Amyloid Precursor Protein (APP) processing to amyloid beta (Aβ) is a major hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The amyloid cascade hypothesis postulates that Aβ accumulation and aggregation causes AD, however many therapeutics targeting Aβ have failed recently. Decades of research describe metabolic deficits in AD. Mitochondrial dysfunction is observed in AD subjects within the brain and systemically. APP and γ-secretase are localized to mitochondria. APP can be processed within mitochondria and its localization to mitochondria affects function. Here we discuss the evidence showing APP and γ-secretase localize to mitochondria. We also discuss the implications for the function of APP and its cleavage products in regulating mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor A Strope
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA. https://twitter.com/OneDayDrTay
| | - Heather M Wilkins
- University of Kansas Alzheimer's Disease Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA; Department of Neurology University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA.
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Roy SK, Srivastava S, Hancock A, Shrivastava A, Morvant J, Shankar S, Srivastava RK. Inhibition of ribosome assembly factor PNO1 by CRISPR/Cas9 technique suppresses lung adenocarcinoma and Notch pathway: Clinical application. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:365-378. [PMID: 36625087 PMCID: PMC9889701 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Growth is crucially controlled by the functional ribosomes available in cells. To meet the enhanced energy demand, cancer cells re-wire and increase their ribosome biogenesis. The RNA-binding protein PNO1, a ribosome assembly factor, plays an essential role in ribosome biogenesis. The purpose of this study was to examine whether PNO1 can be used as a biomarker for lung adenocarcinoma and also examine the molecular mechanisms by which PNO1 knockdown by CRISPR/Cas9 inhibited growth and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The expression of PNO1 was significantly higher in lung adenocarcinoma compared to normal lung tissues. PNO1 expression in lung adenocarcinoma patients increased with stage, nodal metastasis, and smoking. Lung adenocarcinoma tissues from males expressed higher PNO1 than those from females. Furthermore, lung adenocarcinoma tissues with mutant Tp53 expressed higher PNO1 than those with wild-type Tp53, suggesting the influence of Tp53 status on PNO1 expression. PNO1 knockdown inhibited cell viability, colony formation, and EMT, and induced apoptosis. Since dysregulated signalling through the Notch receptors promotes lung adenocarcinoma, we measured the effects of PNO1 inhibition on the Notch pathway. PNO1 knockdown inhibited Notch signalling by suppressing the expression of Notch receptors, their ligands, and downstream targets. PNO1 knockdown also suppressed CCND1, p21, PTGS-2, IL-1α, IL-8, and CXCL-8 genes. Overall, our data suggest that PNO1 can be used as a diagnostic biomarker, and also can be an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjit K. Roy
- Louisiana State University Health‐New Orleans, School of MedicineStanley S. Scott Cancer CenterNew OrleansLouisianaUSA,Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care SystemNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | | | - Andrew Hancock
- Department of Molecular and Cellular BiologyTulane UniversityNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | | | - Jason Morvant
- Department of SurgeryOchsner Health SystemGretnaLouisianaUSA
| | - Sharmila Shankar
- Louisiana State University Health‐New Orleans, School of MedicineStanley S. Scott Cancer CenterNew OrleansLouisianaUSA,Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care SystemNew OrleansLouisianaUSA,Department of GeneticsLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew OrleansLouisianaUSA,John W. Deming Department of MedicineTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA,Kansas City VA Medical CenterKansas CityMissouriUSA
| | - Rakesh K. Srivastava
- Louisiana State University Health‐New Orleans, School of MedicineStanley S. Scott Cancer CenterNew OrleansLouisianaUSA,Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care SystemNew OrleansLouisianaUSA,Department of GeneticsLouisiana State University Health Sciences CenterNew OrleansLouisianaUSA,Kansas City VA Medical CenterKansas CityMissouriUSA
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