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Xue F, Wang X, Kong F, Yin T, Wang Y, Shi L, Liu X, Yu H, Liu L, Zhu P, Qi X, Xu X, Hu H, Li S. Effects of bilateral repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on prospective memory in patients with schizophrenia: A double-blind randomized controlled clinical trial. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2024; 44:97-108. [PMID: 38053478 PMCID: PMC10932802 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To investigate effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on the prospective memory (PM) in patients with schizophrenia (SCZ). METHODS Fifty of 71 patients completed this double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial and compared with 18 healthy controls' (HCs) PM outcomes. Bilateral 20 Hz rTMS to the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex at 90% RMT administered 5 weekdays for 4 weeks for a total of 20 treatments. The Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS), the Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS), and PM test were assessed before and after treatment. RESULTS Both Event-based PM (EBPM) and Time-based PM (TBPM) scores at baseline were significantly lower in patients with SCZ than that in HCs. After rTMS treatments, the scores of EBPM in patients with SCZ was significantly improved and had no differences from that in HCs, while the scores of TBPM did not improved. The negative symptom scores on PANSS and the scores of almost all subscales and total scores of SANS were significantly improved in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that bilateral high-frequency rTMS treatment can alleviate EBPM but not TBPM in patients with SCZ, as well as improve the negative symptoms. SIGNIFICANCE Our results provide one therapeutic option for PM in patients with SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Xue
- Mental Health Hospital, Dongcheng districtBeijingChaci communityChina
| | - Xin‐Fu Wang
- Rong Jun Hospital, Hebei ProvinceBaodingLianchi DistrictChina
| | - Fan‐Ni Kong
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key laboratory of Drug Dependence ResearchPeking UniversityBeijingHaidian DistrictChina
| | - Tian‐Lu Yin
- Institute of Medical InformationChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Yu‐Hong Wang
- Rong Jun Hospital, Hebei ProvinceBaodingLianchi DistrictChina
| | - Li‐Da Shi
- Rong Jun Hospital, Hebei ProvinceBaodingLianchi DistrictChina
| | - Xiao‐Wen Liu
- Rong Jun Hospital, Hebei ProvinceBaodingLianchi DistrictChina
| | - Hui‐Jing Yu
- Rong Jun Hospital, Hebei ProvinceBaodingLianchi DistrictChina
| | - Li‐Jun Liu
- Rong Jun Hospital, Hebei ProvinceBaodingLianchi DistrictChina
| | - Ping Zhu
- Mental Health Hospital, Dongcheng districtBeijingChaci communityChina
| | - Xiao‐Xue Qi
- Mental Health Hospital, Dongcheng districtBeijingChaci communityChina
| | - Xue‐Jing Xu
- College of EducationTemple UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Hong‐Pu Hu
- Institute of Medical InformationChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina
| | - Su‐Xia Li
- National Institute on Drug Dependence and Beijing Key laboratory of Drug Dependence ResearchPeking UniversityBeijingHaidian DistrictChina
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Chen DY, Wang Q, Yang NB, Qin XJ, Li H, Hou WP, Ding YS, Hou WW, Wang Y, Zhou FC, Wang CY. The deficient cue monitoring and the facilitating effect of prosocial intention on prospective memory in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 9:33. [PMID: 37221251 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-023-00363-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the cognitive processing of prospective memory (PM) in patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs) by using an eye-tracking paradigm. In addition, the facilitating effects of prosocial intention (the desire to help others) on PM in SSDs were also examined. In phase 1, 26 patients (group1) and 25 healthy controls (HCs) were compared in an eye-tracking PM paradigm in terms of the PM accuracy and eye-tracking indices. In phase 2, 21 more patients (group2) were recruited, and a prosocial intention was introduced in the eye-tracking PM paradigm. Their PM accuracy and eye-tracking indices were compared with those in group1. The PM cue monitoring was indicated by the total fixation counts and fixation time on distractor words. In phase 1, group1 showed lower PM accuracy, fewer fixation counts and less fixation time on distractor words than HCs. In phase 2, group2 (with prosocial intention) performed significantly better than group1 (with typical instruction) on both PM accuracy and fixation time on distractor words. In both groups of SSDs, the PM accuracy was significantly correlated with both the fixation counts and the fixation time of distractor words. After controlling for the cue monitoring indices, the difference in PM accuracy remained significant between group1 and HCs but disappeared between group1 and group2. The cue monitoring deficit contributes to the PM impairment in SSDs. The facilitating effect of prosocial intention disappears after the control of cue monitoring, also indicating its critical role in PM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Yang Chen
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, School of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, School of Mental Health, Beijing, China
- Beijing Fengtai Mental Health Center, Beijing, China
| | - Ning-Bo Yang
- First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Qin
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Hang Li
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, School of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Peng Hou
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, School of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Shen Ding
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, School of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Wei Hou
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, School of Mental Health, Beijing, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China.
| | - Fu-Chun Zhou
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, School of Mental Health, Beijing, China.
| | - Chuan-Yue Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders Beijing Anding Hospital & the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, School of Mental Health, Beijing, China
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3
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Prospective memory performance and its improvement in individuals with high schizotypal traits: Evidence from eye-tracking studies. Clin Neurophysiol 2022; 143:133-142. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2022.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Sun J, Zhang K, Su X, Zhang Q, Wang Z, He L, Hu L. The Chinese version of the Memory for Intentions Test (MIST): development and evaluation of its reliability and concurrent validity. Clin Neuropsychol 2022:1-19. [PMID: 35266859 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2022.2047791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to develop a simplified Chinese version of the "Memory for Intentions Test" (MIST), evaluate its reliability and concurrent validity, explore the inter-relationships among the MIST variables and the relationships between the MIST variables and socio-demographic factors. Two hundred healthy, Chinese-speaking adults of the Han community participated in this study. Form A of the Chinese MIST and two prospective items of the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test, Second Edition (RBMT-II, Chinese version) were administered to all participants to evaluate internal consistency, split-half reliability, and concurrent validity. Twenty of these participants were assessed twice on Form A with a two-week interval to examine test-retest reliability. They were also assessed on both Form A and Form B to examine alternate-form reliability. The findings of the study indicated good internal consistency (Cronbach's α = .833) and excellent split-half reliability (r = .924-.930) among the six subscales of the Chinese MIST, although the internal consistency was low (Cronbach's α = .129) for individual PM trials. We also found adequate concurrent validity (ρ = .722, p< .001), test-retest reliability (ρ = .716, p < .001), and alternate-form reliability (ρ= .828, p < .001). The Chinese MIST demonstrated suitable reliability and concurrent validity in the Chinese-speaking population. The present study provides a new standardized prospective memory test for the Chinese population, which would enhance future clinical research in this field on the Chinese mainland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyuan Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Mental Health, Jining Medical University, Jining, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xianbiao Su
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, Cheeloo Chollege of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qunlei Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, Cheeloo Chollege of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ziyang Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Long He
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shandong Mental Health Center, Cheeloo Chollege of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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5
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Henry JD. Prospective memory impairment in neurological disorders: implications and management. Nat Rev Neurol 2021; 17:297-307. [PMID: 33686303 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-021-00472-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Prospective memory is a core neurocognitive ability that refers to memory for future intentions, such as remembering to take medications and to switch off appliances. Any breakdown in prospective memory, therefore, has serious implications for the ability to function independently in everyday life. In many neurological disorders, including Parkinson disease and dementia, prospective memory deficits are common even in the earliest stages and typically become more severe with disease progression. Consequently, clinical assessment of prospective memory is of critical importance. This article provides an overview of the various manifestations and neural bases of prospective memory deficits. To facilitate clinical decision-making, validated measures of this construct are identified and their suitability for clinical practice is discussed, focusing in particular on clinical sensitivity and psychometric properties. The article concludes by reviewing the approaches that can be used to rehabilitate different types of prospective memory impairment, and algorithms to guide the evaluation and treatment of these impairments are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie D Henry
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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6
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Blondelle G, Hainselin M, Gounden Y, Quaglino V. Instruments Measuring Prospective Memory: A Systematic and Meta-Analytic Review. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2020; 35:576-596. [PMID: 32239191 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acaa009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the available measures to assess prospective memory (PM) abilities, to describe their content, and to quantitatively summarize the effects of various diseases on PM depending on the type of assessment. METHOD Three databases (PsycInfo, PsycArticles and PubMed) were searched up to June 2019 to identify the existing PM measures. The identified PM measures were classified according to the type of assessment: test batteries, single-trial procedures, questionnaires, and experimental procedures. The characteristics and psychometric properties were presented. PM performances were compared between patients with various diseases and controls depending on the type of assessment. RESULTS Most of the 16 measures identified evaluated both event- and time-based tasks, were linked to functional outcomes, showed empirical evidences regarding validity and reliability, and provided parallel versions. To a slightly lesser extent, few measures provided normative data, translations/adaptation into another language, cutoff scores for diagnostic purposes, qualitative scoring, parallel version, and external aids during the test. Compared to healthy controls, patients had significantly poorer performances when PM was assessed with experimental procedures. Heterogeneous data precluded the interpretation of a summary effect for test batteries, single-trial procedures, and questionnaires. Planned subgroup analyses indicated consistent PM impairment for patients compared to controls for three test batteries. However, PM complaints did not differ between patients and controls. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that the use of PM test batteries and experimental procedures are relevant for detecting performance variations in diverse clinical populations. Clinical implications and directions for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey Blondelle
- Department of Psychology, CRP-CPO, UR 7273, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Mathieu Hainselin
- Department of Psychology, CRP-CPO, UR 7273, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Yannick Gounden
- Department of Psychology, CRP-CPO, UR 7273, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
| | - Véronique Quaglino
- Department of Psychology, CRP-CPO, UR 7273, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, Amiens, France
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7
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Mioni G, Fracasso V, Cardullo S, Stablum F. Comparing different tests to detect early manifestation of prospective memory decline in aging. Clin Neuropsychol 2020; 36:105-137. [PMID: 32301378 DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2020.1749308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Objective: Prospective memory (PM) is the ability to remember to perform future intentions. Previous studies have demonstrated that, compared to a younger cohort, healthy older adults have impairments in PM. Considering the importance of early detection of age-related PM decline, the present study aims to compare the performance of healthy older adults using three well-known PM tests commonly used in clinical settings.Method: In the present study, we tested 70 older adults (65-95 years old) using the Cambridge Prospective Memory Test (CAMPROMPT), the Memory for Intentions Screening Test (MIST) and the Royal Prince Alfred Prospective Memory Test (RPA-ProMem). In order to compare performance across tests and the interaction between age and cues, we performed a linear mixed model with random intercept and random slopes. Moreover, additional mixed models with random intercept were run for analyzing the additional information provided by MIST and RPA-ProMem regarding delay responses, response modality effects and type of errors committed.Results: Our data showed a drop in PM performance as age increased detected by all three tests. Furthermore, CAMPROMPT was the most sensitive test to identify differences in PM for event-and time-based cues, at least for participants with 65-77 years old. When data were analyzed in term of delay responses, participants were more accurate for 2 min delay (MIST) and 30 in delay (RPA-ProMem). Participants were less accurate when response modality was "verbal" compared to "action" (MIST) and made more PM errors as age increased.Conclusions: Overall, the study provides important information regarding age-related PM decline and can help researchers as well as clinicians in deciding the preferred test to evaluate PM performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanna Mioni
- Dipartimento di Psicologia Generale, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Verena Fracasso
- Dipartimento di Psicologia Generale, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Franca Stablum
- Dipartimento di Psicologia Generale, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
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8
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Liu LL, Wang Y, Cui JF, Li Y, Yang TX, Chen T, Neumann DL, Shum DH, Chan RC. The effect of implementation intentions on prospective memory performance in patients with schizophrenia: A multinomial modeling approach. Schizophr Res 2020; 215:120-125. [PMID: 31784339 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Patients with schizophrenia (SCZ) consistently show prospective memory (PM) impairments, and the technique of implementation intentions has been shown to improve PM performance in these patients. PM is considered to have prospective and retrospective components. However, it remains unclear which component of PM is impaired in patients with SCZ and which component(s) is facilitated by implementation intentions (II). The present study aimed to examine these two issues. Forty-two patients with SCZ and 42 matched healthy controls were randomly assigned to an II group or a typical instruction group. All participants were administered a color-matching PM task. Results showed that, using a multinomial-modeling approach, patients with SCZ exhibited impairment in the retrospective component of PM. In addition, while II improved the prospective PM component in healthy controls, both prospective and retrospective PM components in patients with SCZ were improved. Together, our results shed light on the mechanism of PM impairment in SCZ patients and the mechanism of II in improving PM performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Lu Liu
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Psychology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ya Wang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Center, University of Melbourne & Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Ji-Fang Cui
- Institute of Educational Information and Statistics, National Institute of Education Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Li
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tian-Xiao Yang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - David L Neumann
- School of Applied Psychology and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - David Hk Shum
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Applied Psychology and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Raymond Ck Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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9
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Prospective memory in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis of comparative studies. Schizophr Res 2019; 212:62-71. [PMID: 31447355 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2019.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Impairment of prospective memory (PM) in schizophrenia has gained increasing attention. This meta-analysis systematically examined PM impairment in schizophrenia. METHODS Both English (PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library) and Chinese (WanFang, Chinese Biomedical and China Journal Net databases) databases were systematically searched from their inception until August 14, 2017. Case-control studies of PM in schizophrenia were included. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) and their 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated using the random-effects model. RESULTS Twenty-nine case-control studies (n = 2492) were included in the analyses. The overall and three subtypes of PM were compared between patients with schizophrenia (n = 1284) and healthy controls (n = 1208). Compared to healthy controls, patients performed significantly poorer in overall (SMD = -1.125), time-based (SMD = -1.155), event-based (SMD = -1.068), and activity-based PM (SMD = -0.563). Subgroup analyses revealed significant differences between older and younger patients (SMD = -1.398 vs. -0.763), higher male predominance and no sex predominance (SMD = -1.679 vs. -0.800), lower and higher education level (SMD = -1.373 vs.-0.637), chronic and first-episode patients (SMD = -1.237 vs. -0.641) and between eco-valid and dual-task laboratory measurements (SMD = -1.542 vs. -0.725) regarding overall PM. Meta-regression analysis showed that higher negative symptom score was significantly associated with more severe overall PM impairment in patients (P = 0.022). CONCLUSIONS In this meta-analysis the overall PM and all its subtypes, particularly the time-based PM, were significantly impaired in schizophrenia.
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Yang TX, Cui XL, Wang Y, Huang J, Lui SSY, Zhang RT, Cheung EFC, Chan RCK. Effect of emotional cues on prospective memory performance in patients with schizophrenia and major depressive disorder. Schizophr Res 2018; 201:145-150. [PMID: 29803365 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2018.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Prospective memory (PM) is the ability to remember to carry out future intentions when prompted by a cue, and previous studies have suggested that emotional PM cues may enhance PM performance. This study examined the influence of emotional cues on PM performance in patients with schizophrenia and major depressive disorder. All participants were required to respond to emotional or neutral PM cues while completing a working memory task. Healthy participants showed improved PM performance with positive and negative cues. Patients with major depressive disorder were not impaired in PM performance and showed significant improvement in PM performance when cued by negative but not positive cues. Patients with schizophrenia had impaired PM performance irrespective of cue emotionality. In addition, the majority of patients with schizophrenia failed to show an emotional enhancement effect, and only those who had normal arousal ratings for negative PM cues showed emotional enhancement effect. These findings show for the first time that patients with schizophrenia exhibit PM impairments even with emotional cues, and suggest that arousal may be a critical factor for schizophrenia patients to utilize emotional cues to facilitate execution of future actions. In patients with major depressive disorder, our findings suggest that the negative bias in attention and retrospective memory may also extend to memory for future actions. These novel findings have both theoretical and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Xiao Yang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xi-Long Cui
- Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, National Technology Institute of Psychiatry, Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Beijing Anding Hospital of Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Simon S Y Lui
- Castle Peak Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Rui-Ting Zhang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Eric F C Cheung
- Castle Peak Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Raymond C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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11
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Garvie PA, Nichols SL, Williams PL, Harris LL, Kammerer B, Chernoff MC, Figueroa V, Woods SP. Development and reliability of the Prospective Memory Assessment for Children & Youth (PROMACY): A preliminary study in a nonclinical sample. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-CHILD 2018; 8:333-346. [PMID: 30295555 DOI: 10.1080/21622965.2018.1486194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Prospective memory (PM), "remembering to remember," has been linked to important functional outcomes in adults. Studies of PM in children and adolescents would benefit from the development and validation of developmentally appropriate clinical measures with known psychometric properties. The Prospective Memory Assessment for Children & Youth (PROMACY), a performance-based measure of PM, was developed for the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study Adolescent Master Protocol, Memory and Executive Functioning Substudy, and includes Summary, Time-, and Event-based scores derived from eight trials with an ongoing word search task. Fifty-four healthy perinatally HIV-exposed, uninfected children and youth, mean age 13 years, 54% female, 76% Black/non-Hispanic, and 61% impoverished were included in this psychometric analysis. PROMACY Summary Scores demonstrated low, but broadly acceptable internal consistency as measured by Cronbach's alpha and Spearman-Brown. Better PROMACY performance was associated with older age, but no other demographic factors. Generally medium-sized correlations were observed between the PROMACY Summary Score and standard clinical measures of retrospective memory, working memory, executive functions, and IQ. Findings from this preliminary psychometric study of nonclinical children and youth provide cautious support for the internal consistency and construct validity of PROMACY's Summary Score that awaits replication and extension in larger samples of healthy children, youth and clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia A Garvie
- Research Department, Children's Diagnostic & Treatment Center , Fort Lauderdale , FLorida , USA
| | - Sharon L Nichols
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California , La Jolla , California , USA
| | - Paige L Williams
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Lynnette L Harris
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine , Houston , Texas , USA
| | - Betsy Kammerer
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston Children's Hospital , Boston , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Miriam C Chernoff
- Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health , Boston , Massachusetts , USA
| | - Veronica Figueroa
- Department of Pediatrics, Mother-Child-Adolescent HIV Program, University of California San Diego , San Diego, California , USA
| | - Steven Paul Woods
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California , San Diego , California , USA.,Department of Psychology, University of Houston , Houston , Texas , USA
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Yasmin N, Pandey R. Prospective memory, working memory, planning, and attention in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder: A comparative study. APPLIED COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/acp.3423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Yasmin
- School of Psychology; University of Birmingham; Birmingham UK
| | - Rashmi Pandey
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Amity Institute of Behavioural Health & Allied Sciences; AMITY University; Noida India
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13
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Bhat NA, Sharma V, Kumar D. Prospective memory in obsessive compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Res 2018; 261:124-131. [PMID: 29294457 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Studies on the nature and extent of prospective memory impairment in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder are relatively scarce. The present study examined prospective memory in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder in comparison to patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. Prospective memory was assessed using Memory for Intentions Screening Test (MIST). Further, the participants were administered Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System Tower Test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, and Stroop Test for assessing their planning ability, mental flexibility and cognitive inhibition, respectively. Monitoring was assessed by frequency of clock checking. Results indicated that as compared to healthy controls, the patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder performed poorly on both time- and event-based prospective memory tasks, whereas, patients with schizophrenia performed poorly on time-based prospective memory task only. Further, both the patient groups had comparable performance across time- and event-based tasks. Results of error analysis indicated that patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder mainly committed no response and task substitution errors, whereas patients with schizophrenia committed no response errors. Except monitoring, none of the neurocognitive variables correlated with time or event-based prospective memory in any group. The findings are discussed in the light of their implications for retraining of prospective memory deficits in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naseer Ahmad Bhat
- Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore 560029, India.
| | - Vibha Sharma
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Institute of Human Behaviour and Allied Sciences, (IHBAS), Delhi 110095, India
| | - Devvarta Kumar
- Department of Clinical Psychology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Bangalore 560029, India
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14
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Wang Y, Chan RCK, Shum DHK. Schizophrenia and prospective memory impairments: a review. Clin Neuropsychol 2017; 32:836-857. [DOI: 10.1080/13854046.2017.1406144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Raymond C. K. Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - David H. K. Shum
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing, China
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
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15
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Au RWC, Xiang YT, Ungvari GS, Lee E, Shum DHK, Man D, Tang WK. Prospective Memory Performance in Persons With Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder and Healthy Persons. Perspect Psychiatr Care 2017; 53:266-274. [PMID: 27373547 DOI: 10.1111/ppc.12172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE There is a paucity of studies comparing prospective memory (PM) impairment between persons with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. The aim of this study was to directly compare PM performances of these two groups and healthy controls. DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 44 persons with schizophrenia and 76 with bipolar disorder, and 44 healthy controls formed the study sample. FINDINGS Patients were found to be impaired in PM relative to controls and the two patient groups showed similar level of PM performance after controlling confounding sociodemographic and clinical variables. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS The findings add to the evidence concerning the neurocognitive similarity between cohorts of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder with respect to PM. Rehabilitative effort in PM remedies for both patient groups is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond W C Au
- Senior Occupational Therapist, Occupational Therapy Department, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Associate Professor, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, China
| | - Gabor S Ungvari
- Professor, Marian Centre, University of Notre Dame Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Edwin Lee
- Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - David H K Shum
- Professor, School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Man
- Professor, Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wai-Kwong Tang
- Professor, Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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16
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Avgan N, Sutherland HG, Lea RA, Spriggens LK, Haupt LM, Shum DHK, Griffiths LR. A CREB1 Gene Polymorphism (rs2253206) Is Associated with Prospective Memory in a Healthy Cohort. Front Behav Neurosci 2017; 11:86. [PMID: 28559802 PMCID: PMC5432533 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2017.00086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Prospective memory (PM) is generally defined as remembering to perform intended actions in the future and is important for functioning in daily life. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) responsive element binding protein 1 (CREB1) plays an important role in cognitive functions. In this study, we hypothesized that genetic variation in the CREB1 gene is associated with PM. We genotyped a CREB1 promoter polymorphism rs2253206 and tested it for association with PM in 619 healthy subjects. PM performance was measured using the Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ), the Comprehensive Assessment of Prospective Memory (CAPM), and the Memory for Intentions Screening Test (MIST). Generalized linear model analysis was conducted for each PM test independently using different inheritance models to identify any associations (p < 0.05). After multiple testing adjustments, a significant association was found between the rs2253206 genotype and PM performance for CAPM instrumental activities of daily living measure (p = 0.016). These results suggest that the rs2253206 polymorphism in the CREB1 gene locus is associated with PM in healthy individuals and contributes to knowledge on the genetics of this particular type of memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesli Avgan
- Genomics Research Centre, Chronic Disease and Ageing, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, BrisbaneQLD, Australia
| | - Heidi G Sutherland
- Genomics Research Centre, Chronic Disease and Ageing, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, BrisbaneQLD, Australia
| | - Rodney A Lea
- Genomics Research Centre, Chronic Disease and Ageing, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, BrisbaneQLD, Australia
| | - Lauren K Spriggens
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Gold CoastQLD, Australia
| | - Larisa M Haupt
- Genomics Research Centre, Chronic Disease and Ageing, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, BrisbaneQLD, Australia
| | - David H K Shum
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Gold CoastQLD, Australia
| | - Lyn R Griffiths
- Genomics Research Centre, Chronic Disease and Ageing, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, BrisbaneQLD, Australia
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17
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Smith-Spark JH, Zięcik AP, Sterling C. Adults with developmental dyslexia show selective impairments in time-based and self-initiated prospective memory: Self-report and clinical evidence. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2017; 62:247-258. [PMID: 28089431 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prospective memory (PM; memory for delayed intentions) would seem to be impaired in dyslexia but evidence is currently limited in scope. AIMS There is a need, therefore, firstly, to explore PM under controlled conditions using a broader range of PM tasks than used previously and, secondly, to determine whether objectively measured and self-reported PM problems can be found in the same individuals with dyslexia. METHODS AND PROCEDURES The responses of 30 adults with dyslexia were compared with those of 30 IQ-matched adults without dyslexia on a self-report and a clinical measure of PM. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS Dyslexia-related deficits were shown on the clinical measure overall and, more particularly, when PM responses had to be made to cues based on time rather than environmental events. Adults with dyslexia were also more likely to forget to carry out an intention under naturalistic conditions 24h later. On the self-report questionnaire, the group with dyslexia reported significantly more frequent problems with PM overall, despite using more techniques to aid their memory. In particular, problems were identified with longer-term PM tasks and PM which had to be self-initiated. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Dyslexia-related PM deficits were found under both laboratory and everyday conditions in the same participants; the first time that this has been demonstrated. These findings support previous experimental research which has highlighted dyslexia-related deficits in PM when the enacting of intentions is based on time cues and/or has to be self-initiated rather than being in prompted by environmental events.
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18
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Liu D, Ji C, Zhuo K, Song Z, Wang Y, Mei L, Zhu D, Xiang Q, Chen T, Yang Z, Zhu G, Wang Y, Cheung EF, Xiang YT, Fan X, Chan RC, Xu Y, Jiang K. Impaired cue identification and intention retrieval underlie prospective memory deficits in patients with first-episode schizophrenia. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2017; 51:270-277. [PMID: 27004487 DOI: 10.1177/0004867416640097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Schizophrenia is associated with impairment in prospective memory, the ability to remember to carry out an intended action in the future. It has been established that cue identification (detection of the cue event signaling that an intended action should be performed) and intention retrieval (retrieval of an intention from long-term memory following the recognition of a prospective cue) are two important processes underlying prospective memory. The purpose of this study was to examine prospective memory deficit and underlying cognitive processes in patients with first-episode schizophrenia. METHODS This study examined cue identification and intention retrieval components of event-based prospective memory using a dual-task paradigm in 30 patients with first-episode schizophrenia and 30 healthy controls. All participants were also administered a set of tests assessing working memory and retrospective memory. RESULTS Both cue identification and intention retrieval were impaired in patients with first-episode schizophrenia compared with healthy controls ( ps < 0.05), with a large effect size for cue identification (Cohen's d = 0.98) and a medium effect size for intention retrieval (Cohen's d = 0.62). After controlling for working memory and retrospective memory, the difference in cue identification between patients and healthy controls remained significant. However, the difference in intention retrieval between the two groups was no longer significant. In addition, there was a significant inverse relationship between cue identification and negative symptoms ( r = -0.446, p = 0.013) in the patient group. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that both cue identification and intention retrieval in event-based prospective memory are impaired in patients with first-episode schizophrenia. Cue identification and intention retrieval could be potentially used as biomarkers for early detection and treatment prognosis of schizophrenia. In addition, addressing cue identification deficit through cognitive enhancement training may potentially improve negative symptoms as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengtang Liu
- 1 First-episode Schizophrenia and Early Psychosis Program, Division of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengfeng Ji
- 1 First-episode Schizophrenia and Early Psychosis Program, Division of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaiming Zhuo
- 1 First-episode Schizophrenia and Early Psychosis Program, Division of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenhua Song
- 1 First-episode Schizophrenia and Early Psychosis Program, Division of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingchan Wang
- 1 First-episode Schizophrenia and Early Psychosis Program, Division of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Mei
- 1 First-episode Schizophrenia and Early Psychosis Program, Division of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Dianming Zhu
- 1 First-episode Schizophrenia and Early Psychosis Program, Division of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiong Xiang
- 1 First-episode Schizophrenia and Early Psychosis Program, Division of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyi Chen
- 1 First-episode Schizophrenia and Early Psychosis Program, Division of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,2 Shanghai Hongkou Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhilei Yang
- 1 First-episode Schizophrenia and Early Psychosis Program, Division of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,3 Jiading Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Zhu
- 1 First-episode Schizophrenia and Early Psychosis Program, Division of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,2 Shanghai Hongkou Mental Health Center, Shanghai, China
| | - Ya Wang
- 4 Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China
| | | | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- 6 Unit of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Xiaoduo Fan
- 7 Psychotic Disorders Program, UMass Memorial Medical Center, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Raymond Ck Chan
- 4 Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing, China.,8 Translational Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifeng Xu
- 1 First-episode Schizophrenia and Early Psychosis Program, Division of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kaida Jiang
- 1 First-episode Schizophrenia and Early Psychosis Program, Division of Psychotic Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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19
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Zhou FC, Wang CY, Ungvari GS, Ng CH, Zhou Y, Zhang L, Zhou J, Shum DHK, Man D, Liu DT, Li J, Xiang YT. Longitudinal changes in prospective memory and their clinical correlates at 1-year follow-up in first-episode schizophrenia. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172114. [PMID: 28245266 PMCID: PMC5330457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate prospective memory (PM) and the association with clinical factors at 1-year follow-up in first-episode schizophrenia (FES). Thirty-two FES patients recruited from a university-affiliated psychiatric hospital in Beijing and 17 healthy community controls (HCs) were included. Time- and event-based PM (TBPM and EBPM) performances were measured with the Chinese version of the Cambridge Prospective Memory Test (C-CAMPROMPT) at baseline and at one-year follow-up. A number of other neurocognitive tests were also administered. Remission was determined at the endpoint according to the PANSS score ≤ 3 for selected items. Repeated measures analysis of variance revealed a significant interaction between time (baseline vs. endpoint) and group (FES vs. HCs) for EBPM (F(1, 44) = 8.8, p = 0.005) and for all neurocognitive components. Paired samples t-tests showed significant improvement in EBPM in FES (13.1±3.7 vs. 10.3±4.8; t = 3.065, p = 0.004), compared to HCs (15.7±3.6 vs. 16.5±2.3; t = -1.248, p = 0.230). A remission rate of 59.4% was found in the FES group. Analysis of covariance revealed that remitters performed significantly better on EBPM (14.9±2.6 vs. 10.4±3.6; F(1, 25) = 12.2, p = 0.002) than non-remitters at study endpoint. The association between EBPM and 12-month clinical improvement in FES suggests that EBPM may be a potential neurocognitive marker for the effectiveness of standard pharmacotherapy. Furthermore, the findings also imply that PM may not be strictly a trait-related endophenotype as indicated in previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Chun Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuan-Yue Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Gabor S. Ungvari
- The University of Notre Dame Australia / Marian Centre, Perth, Australia
- School of Psychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Chee H. Ng
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yan Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - David H. K. Shum
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Man
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Deng-Tang Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing, China
- IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
- Center for Collaboration and Innovation in Brain and Learning Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Unit of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
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20
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Man DWK, Ganesan B, Yip CCK, Lee COP, Tsang SYL, Yu PWP, Young JGE, Shum DHK. Validation of the virtual-reality prospective memory test (Hong Kong Chinese version) for individuals with first-episode schizophrenia. Neuropsychol Rehabil 2016; 28:1197-1210. [DOI: 10.1080/09602011.2016.1251949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David W. K. Man
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, PRC
| | - Balasankar Ganesan
- Center of Health Technology, FEIT, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Calvin C. K. Yip
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, PRC
| | - Christina O. P. Lee
- Hope Community Rehabilitation Day Centre, Haven of Hope Christian Service, Hong Kong, PRC
| | - Sarah Y. L. Tsang
- Placidity Place (ICCMW), The Society of Rehabilitation and Crime Prevention, Hong Kong, PRC
| | - Pan W. P. Yu
- Occupational Therapy Department, The Tsung Tsin Mission of Hong Kong Social Service, Hong Kong, PRC
| | - Janice G. E. Young
- Occupational Therapy Outreach Services, Mercy Medirehab Professional Group Limited, Hong Kong, PRC
| | - David H. K. Shum
- Behavioural Basis of Health Program, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
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21
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Chen XJ, Liu LL, Cui JF, Gan MY, Li CQ, Neumann DL, Shum DHK, Wang Y, Chan RCK. The effect and mechanisms of implementation intention in improving prospective memory performance in schizophrenia patients. Psychiatry Res 2016; 244:86-93. [PMID: 27474857 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2016.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
People with schizophrenia (SCZ) have been shown to have prospective memory (PM) deficits. PM refers to the ability to remember to perform delayed intentions in the future and plays an important role in everyday independent functioning in SCZ. To date, few studies have investigated methods to improve PM in SCZ. This study aimed to examine whether implementation intention can improve PM performance and to explore its underlying mechanisms. Fifty people with SCZ and 50 demographically matched healthy controls (HC) participated in this study. Participants were randomly assigned to an implementation intention condition or a control instruction condition. Participants were required to make PM responses when PM cue words appeared while they were undertaking an ongoing task with two levels of cognitive load (1-back or 2-back). Results showed that people with SCZ were impaired in PM, and implementation intention improved PM performances for both SCZ and HC. Implementation intention improved PM performance in SCZ in both the low and the high cognitive load conditions without ongoing task cost, suggesting that implementation intention improved PM remembering in an automatic way. These results indicate that implementation intention may be a beneficial technique for improving PM performances in people with SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Jie Chen
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Lu-Lu Liu
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ji-Fang Cui
- Information Center, National Institute of Education Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Chun-Qiu Li
- Beijing Huilongguan Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - David L Neumann
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - David H K Shum
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Ya Wang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Raymond C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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22
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Demeter G, Szendi I, Domján N, Juhász M, Greminger N, Szőllősi Á, Racsmány M. Preserved Intention Maintenance and Impaired Execution of Prospective Memory Responses in Schizophrenia: Evidence from an Event-based Prospective Memory Study. Front Psychol 2016; 7:593. [PMID: 27199827 PMCID: PMC4848737 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Executive system dysfunction and impaired prospective memory (PM) are widely documented in schizophrenia. However, it is not yet clarified which components of PM function are impaired in this disorder. Two plausible target components are the maintenance of delayed intentions and the execution of PM responses. Furthermore, it is debated whether the impaired performance on frequently used executive tasks is associated with deficit in PM functions. The aim of our study was twofold. First, we aimed to investigate the specific processes involved in event-based PM function, mainly focusing on difference between maintenance of intention and execution of PM responses. Second, we aimed to unfold the possible connections between executive functions, clinical symptoms, and PM performance. An event-based PM paradigm was applied with three main conditions: baseline (with no expectation of PM stimuli, and without PM stimuli), expectation condition (participants were told that PM stimuli might occur, though none actually did), and execution condition (participants were told that PM stimuli might occur, and PM stimuli did occur). This procedure allowed us to separately investigate performances associated with intention maintenance and execution of PM responses. We assessed working memory and set-shifting executive functions by memory span tasks and by the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST), respectively. Twenty patients diagnosed with schizophrenia and 20 healthy control subjects (matched according to age and education) took part in the study. It was hypothesized that patients would manifest different levels of performance in the expectation and execution conditions of the PM task. Our results confirmed that the difference between baseline performance and performance in the execution condition (execution cost) was significantly larger for participants diagnosed with schizophrenia in comparison with matched healthy control group. However, this difference was not observed in the expectation condition. The PM performance in the execution condition was correlated with impaired executive functions in schizophrenia. Specifically, the size of execution cost positively correlated with percent of perseverative errors committed on WCST by the patient group. Our results suggest that maintenance of delayed intentions is unimpaired in schizophrenia, whereas the impairment in execution of PM responses is associated with set-shifting deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyula Demeter
- Frontostriatal System Research Group, Hungarian Academy of SciencesBudapest, Hungary; Department of Cognitive Science, Budapest University of Technology and EconomicsBudapest, Hungary
| | - István Szendi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Szeged Szeged, Hungary
| | - Nóra Domján
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Szeged Szeged, Hungary
| | - Marianna Juhász
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Szeged Szeged, Hungary
| | - Nóra Greminger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Szeged Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Szőllősi
- Department of Cognitive Science, Budapest University of Technology and Economics Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mihály Racsmány
- Frontostriatal System Research Group, Hungarian Academy of SciencesBudapest, Hungary; Department of Cognitive Science, Budapest University of Technology and EconomicsBudapest, Hungary
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23
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Time-based but not event-based prospective memory remains impaired one year after the onset of schizophrenia: A prospective study. Schizophr Res 2015; 169:147-152. [PMID: 26404040 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2015.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prospective memory (PM) deficits have been consistently found in people with schizophrenia. Although there is evidence to suggest that PM deficits may be putative markers for schizophrenia, no longitudinal study has investigated the persistence of PM deficits. AIMS We examined whether PM deficits persist after the onset of schizophrenia, and compared the trajectories of time- and event-based PM performance 12 months after illness onset. We also examined whether the association between PM and clinical symptoms changes over time 12 months after illness onset. METHOD We recruited 58 individuals with first-episode schizophrenia for a 12-month follow-up study. Comparison participants were 37 healthy individuals who were matched in terms of demographics and intelligence with the patient group. PM functions and clinical symptoms were measured at baseline, the sixth month, and the twelfth month, using a computerized PM task and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale. RESULTS People with schizophrenia showed a gradual improvement in both time- and event-based PM 12 months after illness onset. However, compared to event-based PM, deficit in time-based PM persisted and was relatively stable. At baseline, PM functions were not associated with clinical symptoms. However, an association between time-based PM and PANSS positive and general symptoms emerged 12 months after the onset of schizophrenia. CONCLUSION People with first-episode schizophrenia exhibit persistent time-based PM deficit. Our findings support that PM deficit, in particular, time-based deficit, may be a putative neuropsychological marker of schizophrenia.
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24
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Chen G, Zhang L, Ding W, Zhou R, Xu P, Lu S, Sun L, Jiang Z, Li H, Li Y, Cui H. Event-related brain potential correlates of prospective memory in symptomatically remitted male patients with schizophrenia. Front Behav Neurosci 2015; 9:262. [PMID: 26483650 PMCID: PMC4588002 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Prospective memory (PM) refers to the ability to remember to perform intended actions in the future. Although PM deficits are a prominent impairment in schizophrenia, little is still known about the nature of PM in symptomatically remitted patients with schizophrenia. To address this issue, event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded from 20 symptomatically remitted patients with schizophrenia and 20 healthy controls during an event-based PM paradigm. Behavioral results showed that symptomatically remitted patients with schizophrenia performed poorly on the PM task compared with healthy controls. On the neural level, the N300, a component of the ERPs related to PM cue detection, was reliable across these two groups, suggesting a degree of functional recovery of processes supporting cue detection in patients with symptomatically remitted schizophrenia. By contrast, the amplitude of the prospective positivity, a component of the ERPs related to PM intention retrieval, was significantly attenuated in symptomatically remitted schizophrenia patients relative to healthy controls. Furthermore, a significant positive correlation between the amplitude of the prospective positivity and accuracy on the PM task was found in those patients, indicating that patients’ poor performance on this task may result from the failure to recover PM cue-induced intention from memory. These results provide evidence for the existence of altered PM processing in patients with symptomatically remitted schizophrenia, which is characterized by a selective deficit in retrospective component (intention retrieval) of PM. Therefore, these findings shed new light on the neurophysiological processes underlying PM in schizophrenia patients during clinical remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoliang Chen
- 215th Clinical Division, 406th Hospital of PLA Dalian, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- 215th Clinical Division, 406th Hospital of PLA Dalian, China
| | - Weiyan Ding
- 215th Clinical Division, 406th Hospital of PLA Dalian, China
| | - Renlai Zhou
- Department of Psychology, School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Nanjing University Nanjing, China ; The Research Center for Social and Behavioral Sciences of Jiangsu Provience Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Xu
- 215th Clinical Division, 406th Hospital of PLA Dalian, China
| | - Shan Lu
- 215th Clinical Division, 406th Hospital of PLA Dalian, China
| | - Li Sun
- 215th Clinical Division, 406th Hospital of PLA Dalian, China
| | - Zhongdong Jiang
- 215th Clinical Division, 406th Hospital of PLA Dalian, China
| | - Huiju Li
- The Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University Dalian, China
| | - Yansong Li
- Department of Psychology, School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Nanjing University Nanjing, China ; The Research Center for Social and Behavioral Sciences of Jiangsu Provience Nanjing, China
| | - Hong Cui
- Department of Medical Psychology, General Hospital of PLA Beijing, China
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Casaletto KB, Doyle KL, Weber E, Woods SP. Self-predictions of prospective memory in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders: evidence of a metamemory deficit. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2015; 29:818-27. [PMID: 25404005 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acu061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) are associated with deficits in prospective memory (PM; "remembering to remember"), conferring risk of daily functioning declines. However, self-perceptions of PM functioning are not reliably associated with PM performance in HIV, suggesting a possible deficit in awareness of PM abilities (meta-PM). Our study examined meta-PM in HAND and its correlates using self-predictions of laboratory-based PM performance. Performance-based PM abilities, self-reported prediction of PM performance, and PM complaints in everyday life were assessed in 49 individuals with HAND, 93 HIV+ without HAND (HIV+ noHAND), and 121 seronegative adults (HIV-). After controlling for group-level differences, HAND was associated with a greater number of PM symptoms in everyday life and worse PM performance when compared with both HIV+ noHAND and HIV- samples. Although HAND individuals reported somewhat lower predictions regarding their laboratory PM performance relative to the other study groups, they nevertheless exhibited significantly greater inaccurate overconfidence in time-based PM abilities. Within the HAND group, overconfidence in time-based meta-PM was associated with executive dysfunction and antiretroviral (ARV) nonadherence. HAND individuals evidenced a moderate deficit in awareness of PM functioning characterized by overconfidence in time-based PM abilities. Overconfidence in PM may result in absence of compensatory strategy use, and lead to increased errors in daily functioning (e.g., ARV nonadherence).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katie L Doyle
- SDSU/UCSD Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego 92103, CA, USA
| | - Erica Weber
- SDSU/UCSD Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego 92103, CA, USA
| | - Steven Paul Woods
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla 92093, CA, USA Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston 77204, TX, USA
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Lui SSY, Wang Y, Yang TX, Liu ACY, Chui WWH, Yeung HKH, Li Z, Neumann DL, Shum DHK, Cheung EFC, Chan RCK. Problems in remembering to carry out future actions in first-episode schizophrenia: primary or secondary impairment? J Psychiatr Res 2015; 61:141-9. [PMID: 25479767 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Revised: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Prospective memory (PM) is the ability to remember to carry out intended actions in the future. Empirical evidence suggests that PM deficits exist in individuals with chronic schizophrenia. However, it is unclear whether PM deficits in first-episode schizophrenia exist independently from other neuropsychological deficits. Moreover, prior research using patients with first-episode has been limited to small inpatient samples. We aimed to clarify the nature and extent of PM deficits in individuals with first-episode schizophrenia, using a large outpatient sample. Participants were 91 clinically stable outpatients with first-episode schizophrenia and 83 healthy controls. PM was assessed using both a subjective self-reported checklist and a laboratory-based task capturing time- and event-based PM. A battery assessing verbal and visuo-spatial working memory, as well as executive functions was also administered. ANOVA analyses showed that patients with first-episode schizophrenia performed significantly poorer than healthy controls in time- and event-based PM. Stepwise linear regression analyses suggested that cognitive flexibility predicted time- and event-based PM; and working memory predicted event-based PM. Subgroup analyses showed that "cognitive-preserved" patients with first-episode schizophrenia tended to perform poorer in time-based PM deficit than healthy controls who were matched in IQ and other neuropsychological functions. Overall, our results provide substantial evidence to support that time-based PM deficits in first-episode schizophrenia are apparent and not entirely attributable to other neuropsychological deficits. PM may constitute a neuropsychological marker for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon S Y Lui
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Castle Peak Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ya Wang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tian-xiao Yang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | | | | | - Zhi Li
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - David L Neumann
- Behavioural Basis of Health Research Program, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - David H K Shum
- Behavioural Basis of Health Research Program, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | | | - Raymond C K Chan
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Au RWC, Man D, Xiang YT, Shum D, Lee E, Ungvari GS, Tang WK. Prospective memory predicts the level of community living skills in schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2014; 219:86-91. [PMID: 24863867 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia patients are known to have prospective memory (PM) deficits. There is no robust evidence showing that PM deficits have a major impact on community living skills in schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to examine the association between PM and community living skills in schizophrenia. Forty-four individuals with schizophrenia formed the study sample. Participants׳ psychopathology, prospective and retrospective memory, level of intelligence, and community living skills were measured with standardized instruments. In bivariate analyses, community living skills overall but not self-care correlated with PM total and subscales scores. In multivariate analyses, event-based PM was more predictive than time-based PM of the level of community living skills. In conclusion, PM has a significant impact on community living skills in schizophrenia and attention should be paid to this type of memory disturbance in rehabilitation of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond W C Au
- Occupational Therapy Department, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region; Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - David Man
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Yu-Tao Xiang
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau; Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - David Shum
- School of Applied Psychology and Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Edwin Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Gabor S Ungvari
- University of Notre Dame Australia/Marian Centre, Perth, Australia; School of Psychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
| | - Wai-Kwong Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
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Prospective memory in schizophrenia: a review. Schizophr Res 2014; 155:77-89. [PMID: 24698096 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2013] [Revised: 03/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The wide range of psychological and cognitive symptoms associated with schizophrenia can often affect the level of independence that individuals with schizophrenia can achieve in their lives. Prospective memory (PM), or memory associated with future intentions, has been proposed as a useful indicator of select independent living skills. Currently, there is limited research with regards to prospective memory in schizophrenia. The current review systematically summarizes the literature focusing on prospective memory in schizophrenia and concludes that individuals with schizophrenia exhibited both an impairment in PM when compared to healthy controls and a general lack of awareness regarding these deficits. The existing research also suggests that PM deficits are not related to chronicity of illness or medications associated with schizophrenia. Limited findings suggest that PM deficits in individuals with schizophrenia may be associated with the ability to live independently and instrumental activities of daily living.
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Kamat R, Weinborn M, Kellogg EJ, Bucks RS, Velnoweth A, Woods SP. Construct validity of the Memory for Intentions Screening Test (MIST) in healthy older adults. Assessment 2014; 21:742-53. [PMID: 24752386 DOI: 10.1177/1073191114530774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The Memory for Intentions Screening Test (MIST) is a clinical measure of prospective memory. There is emerging support for the sensitivity and ecological relevance of the MIST in clinical populations. In the present study, the construct validity of the MIST was evaluated in 40 younger (18-30 years), 24 young-old (60-69 years), and 37 old-old (70+ years) healthy adults. Consistent with expectations derived from the prospective memory and aging literature, older adults demonstrated lower scores on the MIST's primary scale scores (particularly on the time-based scale), but slightly better performance on the seminaturalistic 24-hour trial. Among the healthy older adults, the MIST showed evidence of both convergent (e.g., verbal fluency) and divergent (e.g., visuoperception) correlations with standard clinical tests, although the magnitude of those correlations were comparable across the time- and event-based scales. Together, these results support the discriminant and convergent validity of the MIST as a measure of prospective memory in healthy older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rujvi Kamat
- University of California, San Diego, CA, USA San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Michael Weinborn
- University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Romola S Bucks
- University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Aimee Velnoweth
- University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Steven Paul Woods
- University of California, San Diego, CA, USA University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Au RWC, Man D, Shum D, Lee E, Xiang YT, Ungvari GS, Tang WK. Assessment of prospective memory in schizophrenia using the Chinese version of the Cambridge Prospective Memory Test: a controlled study. Asia Pac Psychiatry 2014; 6:54-61. [PMID: 23857670 DOI: 10.1111/j.1758-5872.2012.00217.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Data on the psychometric assessment of prospective memory (PM) are limited. The Cambridge Prospective Memory Test (CAMPROMPT) and its Chinese version (CAMPROMPT-C) have been applied to a variety of clinical conditions except for chronic schizophrenia. This controlled study explored the clinical utility of the CAMPROMPT-C in patients with schizophrenia by comparing their PM performance with that of normal controls. METHODS Forty-four schizophrenia patients and 44 normal controls formed the study sample. Sociodemographic characteristics, PM, retrospective memory, and intelligence were measured in all subjects. Patients' psychopathology was rated with a standardized instrument. RESULTS Patients performed worse than normal controls on both the sum and subscale scores of the CAMPROMPT-C. Patients had comparable performances in PM subtypes. Bivariate analyses revealed that education level, intelligence, and retrospective memory were associated with PM functions. DISCUSSION The study supports the clinical utility of the CAMPROMPT-C in chronic schizophrenia and corroborated the significant relationship between PM and education, intelligence, and retrospective memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond W C Au
- Occupational Therapy Department, North District Hospital, Hong Kong, China; Department of Psychiatry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Bigdeli I, Farzin A, Talepasand S. Prospective memory impairments in schizophrenic patients. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 2014; 8:57-63. [PMID: 25798175 PMCID: PMC4364478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2014] [Accepted: 11/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Memory impairment is one of the most pervasive cognitive dysfunctions in schizophrenic patients. The aim of the current study was to conduct the most comprehensive assessment of how prospective memory (PM) is affected in schizophrenia in comparison with healthy controls. METHODS In this study, 30 first-episode schizophrenic patients who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders based on the diagnostic interview were recruited from eight regional psychiatric clinics in Iran. All participants were males (age 27-42). Moreover, 28 healthy controls were recruited from the same social-class as the patients. The Prospective and Retrospective Memory Questionnaire (PRMQ), PM tasks, and the Virtual Week Board Game were administered. Moreover, clinical symptoms were rated using the positive and negative symptoms scale. RESULTS The results showed that in all of the memory types, the group with dominant positive symptoms was superior to the group with dominant negative symptoms. In addition, the results showed that in all of the memory types, the control group had superiority to the schizophrenic group. The most considerable differences between groups were in time-based PM tasks, irregular event-based virtual week tasks, and retrospective tasks (PRMQ). CONCLUSION The current study confirmed that schizophrenic patients have severe PM deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imanollah Bigdeli
- Associate Professor, Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran. ,Corresponding author: Imanollah Bigdeli, Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran, Tel: +98 2333623300, Fax:+98 2333626888,
| | - Azin Farzin
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
| | - Siavosh Talepasand
- Associate Professor, Department of Educational Sciences, School of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran
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Raskin SA, Maye J, Rogers A, Correll D, Zamroziewicz M, Kurtz M. Prospective memory in schizophrenia: relationship to medication management skills, neurocognition, and symptoms in individuals with schizophrenia. Neuropsychology 2013; 28:359-65. [PMID: 24188118 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Impaired adherence to medication regimens is a serious concern for individuals with schizophrenia linked to relapse and poorer outcomes. One possible reason for poor adherence to medication is poor ability to remember future intentions, labeled prospective memory skills. It has been demonstrated in several studies that individuals with schizophrenia have impairments in prospective memory that are linked to everyday life skills. However, there have been no studies, to our knowledge, examining the relationship of a clinical measure of prospective memory to medication management skills, a key element of successful adherence. METHODS In this Study 41 individuals with schizophrenia and 25 healthy adults were administered a standardized test battery that included measures of prospective memory, medication management skills, neurocognition, and symptoms. RESULTS Individuals with schizophrenia demonstrated impairments in prospective memory (both time and event-based) relative to healthy controls. Performance on the test of prospective memory was correlated with the standardized measure of medication management in individuals with schizophrenia. Moreover, the test of prospective memory predicted skills in medication adherence even after measures of neurocognition were accounted for. CONCLUSIONS This suggests that prospective memory may play a key role in medication management skills and thus should be a target of cognitive remediation programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacqueline Maye
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida
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33
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Zhou JJ, Xiang YT, Wang CY, Zhou FC, Ungvari GS, Dickerson F, Chiu HFK, Lai KYC, Shum DHK, Lee E, Au RWC, Tang WK, Man D. Prospective memory deficits in euthymic bipolar disorder patients: a preliminary study. Asia Pac Psychiatry 2013; 5:183-90. [PMID: 23857635 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prospective memory refers to the ability to remember to do something in the future. To date, little is known about prospective memory deficits in bipolar disorder (BD) in remission (euthymia). This study examined the nature and correlates of prospective memory in these patients. METHODS Forty-seven euthymic BD patients and 47 matched healthy controls formed the study sample. Socio-demographic and basic clinical characteristics, prospective memory (Cambridge Prospective Memory Test [CAMPROMPT]), retrospective memory (immediate Logical Memory subtests of the Wechsler Memory Scales-Revised [WMS-R]), IQ (Raven's Progressive Matrices) and executive functioning (Wisconsin Card Sorting Test) were measured in all participants; patients' symptoms were rated with the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the 11-item Young Mania Rating Scale. RESULTS Patients performed significantly worse on time-based prospective memory compared to controls. Multivariate analyses revealed that patients' lower score on Raven's Progressive Matrices significantly contributed to poor performance on time-based prospective memory, whereas lower scores on WMS-R Logical Memory subtest contributed to poor performance on event-based prospective memory; in controls, lower education level and older age significantly contributed to poor performance on time-based and event-based prospective memory, respectively. DISCUSSION Prospective memory deficits persist in remitted BD patients suggesting that prospective memory impairment constitutes a trait deficit in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Zhuo K, Lu Y, Yang Z, Fan X, Song Z, Liao L, Ji C, Zhu D, Yu S, Yan C, Chan RCK, Goff DC, Xu Y, Liu D. Prospective memory performance in patients with drug-naïve, first-episode psychosis. Schizophr Res 2013; 143:285-90. [PMID: 23267733 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2012.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 11/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is associated with an impairment of prospective memory (PM) which refers to the ability to remember to carry out an intended action in the future. However, most of these studies were limited to chronic samples. The current study examined the event-based PM and time-based PM using a dual-task paradigm in 22 drug-naïve, first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients and 23 healthy controls. Results indicated that FEP patients performed significantly poorer than healthy controls in both event-based and time-based PM. However, the significant difference in time-based PM disappeared after controlling for working memory. Correlation analysis indicated that both types of PM did not correlate with positive symptoms or negative symptoms, duration of illness, or duration of untreated psychosis. However, time-based PM was correlated with the general psychopathology subscale of the PANSS. Taken together, these findings suggest that PM deficits are present in drug-naïve FEP patients; impairment of event-based PM appears to occur independently, whereas time-based PM impairment may be, in part, a secondary consequence of a working memory deficit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiming Zhuo
- Schizophrenia Program, Department of Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Knight JB, Marsh RL, Brewer GA, Clementz BA. Preparatory distributed cortical synchronization determines execution of some, but not all, future intentions. Psychophysiology 2012; 49:1155-67. [PMID: 22748058 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2012.01400.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2012] [Accepted: 05/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Associating intentions to events that cue future behaviors is a central aspect of human cognition. There is limited understanding of the neural dynamics supporting recognition of intention-related events, with little known about how pre-event brain state varies as a function of intention specificity. Prior to recognized events (that cued planned behavior) occurring during an unrelated activity, we found increased steady-state visual evoked potential (ssVEP) and intrinsic gamma synchronization for ill- compared to well-specified events, as measured by EEG. Enhanced fronto-temporo-parietal ssVEP synchrony emerged preceding ill compared to well-specified events, and the degree of synchrony predicted the completion of ill-specified intentions but predicted failure to complete well-specified intentions. Distinct executive processing and neural states are therefore optimal for anticipating and fulfilling future intentions varying in event specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin B Knight
- BioImaging Research Center & Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602-3013, USA
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Henry JD, Rendell PG, Rogers P, Altgassen M, Kliegel M. Prospective memory in schizophrenia and schizotypy. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2012; 17:133-50. [PMID: 21806420 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2011.581536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Most evidence suggests that schizophrenia is associated with pervasive prospective memory (PM) impairment that does not vary as a function of task demands. However, a central tenet of the Multiprocess Framework is that PM involves both automatic and strategic processes, and that their relative prominence varies as a function of PM task characteristics, such as target-cue saliency. METHODS Participants with schizophrenia (n = 30), matched controls (n = 29), low schizotypes (n = 35), and high schizotypes (n = 36) were administered a PM measure in which saliency was manipulated. To further clarify the relationship between PM and schizotypy, high and low schizotypies were additionally assessed on Virtual Week, a laboratory measure which has documented sensitivity to schizophrenia-related impairment. RESULTS Relative to controls, participants with schizophrenia exhibited PM difficulties, but the magnitude of this deficit did not vary as a function of target-cue saliency. High and low schizotypes did not differ on any PM test parameter. CONCLUSIONS These data are consistent with other evidence showing that schizophrenia is characterised by generalised PM impairment. However, the absence of any schizotypy effects on PM does not support the recent suggestion that PM may represent an endophenotype for schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie D Henry
- School of Psychology, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, Australia.
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37
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Zhou FC, Xiang YT, Wang CY, Dickerson F, Au RWC, Zhou JJ, Zhou Y, Shum DHK, Chiu HFK, Man D, Lee EHM, Yu X, Chan RCK, Ungvari GS. Characteristics and clinical correlates of prospective memory performance in first-episode schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2012; 135:34-9. [PMID: 22222379 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2011.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2011] [Revised: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 12/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine prospective memory (PM) and its socio-demographic, clinical, and neurocognitive correlates in first episode schizophrenia (FES). METHODS Fifty-one FES patients and 42 healthy controls formed the study sample. Time- and event-based PM (TBPM and EBPM) performance were measured with the Chinese version of the Cambridge Prospective Memory Test (C-CAMPROMPT). A battery of neuropsychological tests was also administered. Patients' clinical symptoms were evaluated with the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS). RESULTS Patients performed significantly worse in both TBPM (8.7 ± 5.3 vs. 14.8 ± 3.5) and EBPM (11.3 ± 4.7 vs. 15.7 ± 2.7) than the controls. After controlling for age, gender, education level and neurocognitive test score, the difference in performance on the two types of PM tasks between patients and controls was no longer present. In multiple linear regression analyses, longer duration of untreated psychosis (DUP), lower scores of the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-Revised (HVLT-R) and the categories completed of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST-CC) and higher score of the Color Trails Test-2 (CTT-2) contributed to poorer TBPM performance, while lower score of HVLT-R, higher score of the perseverative errors of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST-PE) and longer DUP contributed to worse performance on EBPM. CONCLUSIONS Both subtypes of PM are impaired in first-episode schizophrenia suggesting that PM deficits are an integral part of the cognitive dysfunction in the disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Chun Zhou
- Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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38
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Rendell PG, Henry JD. A Review of Virtual Week for Prospective Memory Assessment: Clinical Implications. BRAIN IMPAIR 2012. [DOI: 10.1375/brim.10.1.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIt is now recognised that prospective memory (PM) failures are commonly observed in clinical groups, and have important implications for functional independence. However, well-validated measures of PM have traditionally been lacking, making this construct difficult to assess in clinical practice. Rendell and Craik's (2000) Virtual Week measure was developed as an indicator of PM, and has been shown to have good psychometric properties and be sensitive to the effects of normal and abnormal adult ageing, as well as various forms of pathology. In this article, an overview of Virtual Week's characteristics is presented, and the literature relating to use of this measure in various populations reviewed. The potential implications of the development of a new computerised version of Virtual Week for clinical practice are discussed.
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Raskin SA. Memory for Intentions Screening Test: Psychometric Properties and Clinical Evidence. BRAIN IMPAIR 2012. [DOI: 10.1375/brim.10.1.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAs the field of prospective memory (ProM) research has expanded, recognition of the need to make a clinical diagnosis of ProM difficulties has also increased. In addition, there is increasing interest in understanding in more detail the ways in which ProM deficits differ in populations with different underlying neurological dysfunctions. While questionnaires, naturalistic studies and laboratory studies have all been invaluable in furthering our understanding of ProM, until recently there has not been a standardised clinical measure. The Memory for Intentions Screening Test (MIST) was designed to be a relatively brief clinical measure of ProM in clinical populations. The MIST allows for comparisons of performance with event-based and time-based cues. The MIST also has some items with a short (2-minute) and some with a long (15-minute) delay period. Finally, the MIST contains items that require a verbal response as well as items that require an action response. The MIST has now been used in studies of normal ageing as well as a range of clinical populations, including individuals with traumatic brain injury, individuals with HIV infection and individuals with schizophrenia. The psychometric properties of the MIST have been found to be acceptable. Data from each of the clinical populations that have been administered the MIST demonstrate good specificity and sensitivity of the measure as well as the ability to begin to make comparisons about different patterns of performance between disease types.
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Zogg JB, Woods SP, Sauceda JA, Wiebe JS, Simoni JM. The role of prospective memory in medication adherence: a review of an emerging literature. J Behav Med 2012; 35:47-62. [PMID: 21487722 PMCID: PMC3574793 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-011-9341-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2010] [Accepted: 03/25/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although neurocognitive impairment is an established risk factor for medication nonadherence, standard neurocognitive tests developed for clinical purposes may not fully capture the complexities of non-adherence behavior or effectively inform theory-driven interventions. Prospective memory, an innovative cognitive construct describing one's ability to remember to do something at a later time, is an understudied factor in the detection and remediation of medication non-adherence. This review orients researchers to the construct of prospective memory, summarizes empirical evidence for prospective memory as a risk factor for non-adherence, discusses the relative merits of current measurement techniques, and highlights potential prospective memory-focused intervention strategies. A comprehensive literature review was conducted of published empirical studies investigating prospective memory and medication adherence. Overall, reviewed studies suggest that prospective memory is an important component of medication adherence, providing incremental ecological validity over established predictors. Findings indicate that prospective memory-based interventions might be an effective means of improving adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer B Zogg
- Department of Pediatrics, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
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41
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Deficits in prospective memory following damage to the prefrontal cortex. Neuropsychologia 2011; 49:2178-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2010] [Revised: 03/25/2011] [Accepted: 03/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lui SS, Wang Y, Liu AC, Chui WW, Gong QY, Shum D, Cheung EF, Chan RC. Prospective memory in patients with first-onset schizophrenia and their non-psychotic siblings. Neuropsychologia 2011; 49:2217-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2011.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Revised: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Prospective memory in non-psychotic first-degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia. Psychiatry Res 2010; 179:285-90. [PMID: 20493547 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2009.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2009] [Revised: 06/16/2009] [Accepted: 07/15/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Although a number of studies have found prospective memory (PM) impairment in patients with schizophrenia, very little is known about the PM performance in non-psychotic relatives of these patients. The current study aimed to explore the PM performance in non-psychotic first-degree relatives of these patients. Two groups of participants (26 non-psychotic first-degree relatives of schizophrenia patients and 26 healthy comparison participants) were administered three PM tasks (time-, event-, and activity-based) and a set of neurocognitive tests. Results showed that the relatives performed significantly worse than the comparisons on most indices of the PM tasks, with a similar pattern of impairment found in other neurocognitive measures. Together with findings from previous studies, results of the current study suggest that PM may be a potential endophenotype for schizophrenia.
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Xiang YT, Shum D, Chiu HFK, Tang WK, Ungvari GS. Independent association of prospective memory with retrospective memory and intelligence in schizophrenia: a controlled study. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2010; 25:680-4. [PMID: 20716544 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acq062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Prospective memory (PM) refers to the ability to remember to do something in the future. This study examined the relationship between three PM subtypes, and intelligence and retrospective memory (RM) in schizophrenia patients and healthy controls. The study sample comprised 110 schizophrenia patients and 110 healthy controls matched according to age, sex, and level of education. The patients' clinical condition was evaluated with the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Time-, event-, and activity-based PM and RM (immediate and delayed Logical Memory subtests of the Wechsler Memory Scales-Revised), executive functioning (Design Fluency Test, Tower of London-4 disk, and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test), and intelligence (Raven's Progressive Matrices) tests were administered to all participants. Correlation analyses showed time- and event-based PM to be significantly associated with RM in both the patients and controls, but with intelligence only in the patients. After controlling for covariates, only time-based PM was associated with RM in the controls and only event-based PM with intelligence in the patients. In schizophrenia, PM deficit may arise from the impairments of the retrospective components of memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tao Xiang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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45
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Lee E, Xiang YT, Man D, Au RWC, Shum D, Tang WK, Chiu HFK, Wong P, Ungvari GS. Prospective memory deficits in patients with bipolar disorder: a preliminary study. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2010; 25:640-7. [PMID: 20716545 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acq061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Prospective memory (PM) is the ability to remember to do something in the future without explicit prompts. To date, little has been known about PM deficits in bipolar disorder (BD). This study examined the nature and correlates of PM in patients with BD. Forty clinically stable BD patients and 40 matched healthy controls formed the study sample. Socio-demographic characteristics, PM, psychosocial functioning, retrospective memory (RM), and IQ were measured in all participants, whereas clinical condition was measured in patients with standardized assessment instruments. Patients performed significantly more poorly on the time-based PM task than controls (10.6 ± 5.0 vs. 14.6 ± 3.0, p < .001). In correlation analyses, older age, lower education, more severe depressive and manic symptoms, poor psychosocial functioning, poor RM, and lower scores in IQ were significantly associated with poor performance in the time-based PM task, whereas poor RM and lower scores in IQ associated with poorer performance in the event-based PM task in patients. In multivariate analyses, severity of depression and older age significantly contributed to poor performance in the time-based PM task, whereas poor RM contributed to poor performance in the event-based PM task in patients. The time-based PM is impaired in BD patients. Depressive symptoms, age, and RM were determinants of certain aspects of impaired PM performance in BD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, China
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Wang Y, Chan RCK, Qing YH, Yang TX, Yu X, Li ZJ, Hong XH, Cui JF, Deng YY, Gong QY, Shum D. Do Patients with Schizophrenia and Healthy Elderly People show Similar Patterns of Prospective Memory Performance? Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2010; 25:648-55. [DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acq053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wang
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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47
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Wang Y, Cui J, Chan RCK, Deng Y, Shi H, Hong X, Li Z, Yu X, Gong QY, Shum D. Meta-analysis of prospective memory in schizophrenia: nature, extent, and correlates. Schizophr Res 2009; 114:64-70. [PMID: 19713081 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2009.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2009] [Revised: 06/30/2009] [Accepted: 07/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Prospective memory (PM) is the ability to remember to carry out an intended action in the future and it is an important function for everyday living. Studies have found that the neural basis of PM is located mainly in the prefrontal lobes (particularly in Brodmann Area 10) and patients with schizophrenia have functional deficits in this area. The present study provided a meta-analytic review of PM performances in patients with schizophrenia in 11 studies. A total of 485 patients with schizophrenia and 409 controls were included. Results showed that patients with schizophrenia exhibited impairments in all time- (d=-1.33), event- (d=-0.827), and activity-based (d=-0.729) PM, with time-based PM more impaired than event-based PM. In addition, PM was found to be significantly correlated with negative symptoms (r=-0.18), general psychopathology (r=-0.168), medication dosage (r=-0.119), duration of illness (r=-0.131), age (r=-0.23), education (r=0.249), IQ (r=0.439) and premorbid IQ (r=0.356). It has theoretical and clinical implications. Theoretically, the results indicate time-based PM involves more initiation than event-based PM. Clinically, the results indicate patients on high dose of antipsychotic medication and with long duration of illness need special attention from care givers for PM problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wang
- Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Woods SP, Dawson MS, Weber E, Gibson S, Grant I, Atkinson JH. Timing is everything: antiretroviral nonadherence is associated with impairment in time-based prospective memory. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2009; 15:42-52. [PMID: 19128527 PMCID: PMC2776623 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617708090012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Nonadherence to combination antiretroviral (ARV) therapies (cART) is highly prevalent and significantly increases the risk of adverse human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease outcomes. The current study evaluated the hypothesis that prospective memory-a dissociable aspect of episodic memory describing the ability to execute a future intention-plays an important role in successful cART adherence. Seventy-nine individuals with HIV infection who were prescribed at least one ARV medication underwent a comprehensive neuropsychological and neuromedical evaluation prior to completing a 1-month observation of their cART adherence as measured by electronic medication monitoring. Nonadherent individuals (n = 31) demonstrated significantly poorer prospective memory functioning as compared to adherent persons (n = 48), particularly on an index of time-based ProM (i.e., elevated loss of time errors). Deficits in time-based prospective memory were independently predictive of cART nonadherence, even after considering the possible influence of established predictors of adherence, such as general cognitive impairment (e.g., retrospective learning and memory) and psychiatric comorbidity (e.g., depression). These findings extend a nascent literature showing that impairment in time-based prospective memory significantly increases the risk of medication nonadherence and therefore may guide the development of novel strategies for intervention. (JINS, 2009, 15, 42-52.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Paul Woods
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California.
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49
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Woods SP, Moran LM, Dawson MS, Carey CL, Grant I. Psychometric characteristics of the memory for intentions screening test. Clin Neuropsychol 2008; 22:864-78. [PMID: 18756389 DOI: 10.1080/13854040701595999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The construct of prospective memory (ProM), or "remembering to remember," is hypothesized to play a critical role in normal activities of daily living and has increasingly been the focus of clinical research over the past 10 years. However, the assessment of ProM as part of routine clinical care is presently hampered by the paucity of psychometrically sound, validated ProM tests available in the neuropsychological literature. The Memory for Intentions Screening Test (MIST; Raskin, 2004) is a user-friendly, comprehensive measure of ProM that demonstrates preliminary evidence of construct validity. Extending this research, this study evaluated the psychometric characteristics of the MIST in a sample of 67 healthy adults. Despite a mildly restricted range of scores, results revealed excellent inter-rater reliability, adequate split-half reliability, and satisfactory inter-relationships between the MIST summary score, subscales, and error types. Analysis of demographic correlates showed that the MIST was independently associated with both age and education, but not with sex or ethnicity. These findings broadly support the psychometric properties of the MIST, specifically its reliability and expected relationships with demographic characteristics. Recommendations are provided regarding future research to enhance the clinical usefulness of the MIST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Paul Woods
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
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Wang Y, Chan RCK, Shi C, Cui J, Deng Y. Prospective memory deficits in subjects with schizophrenia spectrum disorders: a comparison study with schizophrenic subjects, psychometrically defined schizotypal subjects, and healthy controls. Schizophr Res 2008; 106:70-80. [PMID: 17719206 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2007.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2007] [Revised: 07/18/2007] [Accepted: 07/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Memory impairment is one of the core deficits in schizophrenia. This study explored the memory profiles of schizophrenic and psychometrically defined schizotypal subjects. The study participants included 15 patients with schizophrenia, 41 schizotypal subjects, and 20 healthy controls. All of the participants completed verbal and visual memory, working memory, and prospective memory tasks. The results showed that patients with schizophrenia were impaired in all aspects of memory function, whereas the schizotypal subjects tended to show moderate to large impairment effect sizes in prospective memory. It is suggested that prospective memory be considered a potential endophenotype of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wang
- Department of Psychology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China; School of Life Science, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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