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Schinz D, Schmitz‐Koep B, Zimmermann J, Brandes E, Tahedl M, Menegaux A, Dukart J, Zimmer C, Wolke D, Daamen M, Boecker H, Bartmann P, Sorg C, Hedderich DM. Indirect evidence for altered dopaminergic neurotransmission in very premature-born adults. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:5125-5138. [PMID: 37608591 PMCID: PMC10502650 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
Abstract
While animal models indicate altered brain dopaminergic neurotransmission after premature birth, corresponding evidence in humans is scarce due to missing molecular imaging studies. To overcome this limitation, we studied dopaminergic neurotransmission changes in human prematurity indirectly by evaluating the spatial co-localization of regional alterations in blood oxygenation fluctuations with the distribution of adult dopaminergic neurotransmission. The study cohort comprised 99 very premature-born (<32 weeks of gestation and/or birth weight below 1500 g) and 107 full-term born young adults, being assessed by resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) and IQ testing. Normative molecular imaging dopamine neurotransmission maps were derived from independent healthy control groups. We computed the co-localization of local (rs-fMRI) activity alterations in premature-born adults with respect to term-born individuals to different measures of dopaminergic neurotransmission. We performed selectivity analyses regarding other neuromodulatory systems and MRI measures. In addition, we tested if the strength of the co-localization is related to perinatal measures and IQ. We found selectively altered co-localization of rs-fMRI activity in the premature-born cohort with dopamine-2/3-receptor availability in premature-born adults. Alterations were specific for the dopaminergic system but not for the used MRI measure. The strength of the co-localization was negatively correlated with IQ. In line with animal studies, our findings support the notion of altered dopaminergic neurotransmission in prematurity which is associated with cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Schinz
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
- TUM‐NIC Neuroimaging Center, School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Benita Schmitz‐Koep
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
- TUM‐NIC Neuroimaging Center, School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Juliana Zimmermann
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
- TUM‐NIC Neuroimaging Center, School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Elin Brandes
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
- TUM‐NIC Neuroimaging Center, School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Marlene Tahedl
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
- TUM‐NIC Neuroimaging Center, School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Aurore Menegaux
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
- TUM‐NIC Neuroimaging Center, School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Juergen Dukart
- Institute of Neuroscience and MedicineBrain & Behaviour (INM‐7), Research Centre JülichJülichGermany
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical FacultyHeinrich Heine University DüsseldorfDüsseldorfGermany
| | - Claus Zimmer
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
- TUM‐NIC Neuroimaging Center, School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Dieter Wolke
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of WarwickCoventryUK
- Warwick Medical SchoolUniversity of WarwickCoventryUK
| | - Marcel Daamen
- Clinical Functional Imaging Group, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional RadiologyUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany
- Department of NeonatologyUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany
| | - Henning Boecker
- Clinical Functional Imaging Group, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional RadiologyUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany
| | - Peter Bartmann
- Department of NeonatologyUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany
| | - Christian Sorg
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
- TUM‐NIC Neuroimaging Center, School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
- Department of Psychiatry, School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Dennis M. Hedderich
- Department of Neuroradiology, School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
- TUM‐NIC Neuroimaging Center, School of MedicineTechnical University of MunichMunichGermany
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Dopamine Dynamics and Neurobiology of Non-Response to Antipsychotics, Relevance for Treatment Resistant Schizophrenia: A Systematic Review and Critical Appraisal. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11030895. [PMID: 36979877 PMCID: PMC10046109 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11030895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Treatment resistant schizophrenia (TRS) is characterized by a lack of, or suboptimal response to, antipsychotic agents. The biological underpinnings of this clinical condition are still scarcely understood. Since all antipsychotics block dopamine D2 receptors (D2R), dopamine-related mechanisms should be considered the main candidates in the neurobiology of antipsychotic non-response, although other neurotransmitter systems play a role. The aims of this review are: (i) to recapitulate and critically appraise the relevant literature on dopamine-related mechanisms of TRS; (ii) to discuss the methodological limitations of the studies so far conducted and delineate a theoretical framework on dopamine mechanisms of TRS; and (iii) to highlight future perspectives of research and unmet needs. Dopamine-related neurobiological mechanisms of TRS may be multiple and putatively subdivided into three biological points: (1) D2R-related, including increased D2R levels; increased density of D2Rs in the high-affinity state; aberrant D2R dimer or heteromer formation; imbalance between D2R short and long variants; extrastriatal D2Rs; (2) presynaptic dopamine, including low or normal dopamine synthesis and/or release compared to responder patients; and (3) exaggerated postsynaptic D2R-mediated neurotransmission. Future points to be addressed are: (i) a more neurobiologically-oriented phenotypic categorization of TRS; (ii) implementation of neurobiological studies by directly comparing treatment resistant vs. treatment responder patients; (iii) development of a reliable animal model of non-response to antipsychotics.
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Mitelman SA, Buchsbaum MS, Vyas NS, Christian BT, Merrill BM, Buchsbaum BR, Mitelman AM, Mukherjee J, Lehrer DS. Reading abilities and dopamine D 2/D 3 receptor availability: An inverted U-shaped association in subjects with schizophrenia. BRAIN AND LANGUAGE 2021; 223:105046. [PMID: 34763166 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandl.2021.105046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Reading impairments are prominent trait-like features of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia, predictive of overall cognitive functioning and presumably linked to dopaminergic abnormalities. To evaluate this, we used 18F-fallypride PET in 19 healthy and 21 antipsychotic-naïve schizophrenia subjects and correlated dopamine receptor binding potentials in relevant AFNI-derived regions and voxelwise with group performance on WRAT4 single-word reading subtest. Healthy subjects' scores were positively and linearly associated with D2/D3 receptor availability in the rectus, orbital and superior frontal gyri, fusiform and middle temporal gyri, as well as middle occipital gyrus and precuneus, all predominantly in the left hemisphere and previously implicated in reading, hence suggesting that higher dopamine receptor density is cognitively advantageous. This relationship was weakened in schizophrenia subjects and in contrast to healthy participants followed an inverted U-shaped curve both in the cortex and dorsal striatum, indicating restricted optimal range of dopamine D2/D3 receptor availability for cognitive performance in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge A Mitelman
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Elmhurst Hospital Center, Elmhurst, NY, USA.
| | - Monte S Buchsbaum
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Nora S Vyas
- Kingston University London, Department of Psychology, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, UK; Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Charing Cross Hospital, Department of Nuclear Medicine, London, UK
| | - Bradley T Christian
- Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Brian M Merrill
- Department of Psychiatry, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Bradley R Buchsbaum
- The Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Jogeshwar Mukherjee
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Preclinical Imaging, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, USA
| | - Douglas S Lehrer
- Department of Psychiatry, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
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No association between cortical dopamine D2 receptor availability and cognition in antipsychotic-naive first-episode psychosis. NPJ SCHIZOPHRENIA 2021; 7:46. [PMID: 34548499 PMCID: PMC8455597 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-021-00176-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is an important predictor of disability in schizophrenia. Dopamine neurotransmission in cortical brain regions has been suggested to be of importance for higher-order cognitive processes. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between extrastriatal dopamine D2-R availability and cognitive function, using positron emission tomography and the high-affinity D2-R radioligand [11C]FLB 457, in an antipsychotic-naive sample of 18 first-episode psychosis patients and 16 control subjects. We observed no significant associations between D2-R binding in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex or hippocampus (β = 0.013–0.074, partial r = −0.037–0.273, p = 0.131–0.841). Instead, using Bayesian statistics, we found moderate support for the null hypothesis of no relationship (BFH0:H1 = 3.3–8.2). Theoretically, our findings may suggest a lack of detrimental effects of D2-R antagonist drugs on cognition in schizophrenia patients, in line with clinical observations.
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Frankenberg C, Pantel J, Haberkorn U, Degen C, Buchsbaum MS, Herold CJ, Schröder J. Neural Correlates of Autobiographical Memory: Evidence From a Positron Emission Tomography Study in Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:730713. [PMID: 34589011 PMCID: PMC8473866 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.730713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Autobiographical memory (AM) changes are the hallmark of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). In recent neuroimaging studies, AM changes have been associated with numerous cerebral sites, such as the frontal cortices, the mesial temporal lobe, or the posterior cingulum. Regional glucose uptake in these sites was investigated for underlying subdimensions using factor analysis. Subsequently, the factors were examined with respect to AM performance in a subgroup of patients. Methods: Data from 109 memory clinic referrals, who presented with MCI (n = 60), mild AD (n = 49), or were cognitively intact, were analyzed. The glucose metabolic rates determined by positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) in 34 cerebral sites important for AM were investigated for underlying subdimensions by calculating factor analysis with varimax rotation. Subsequently, the respective factor scores were correlated with the episodic and semantic AM performance of 22 patients, which was measured with a semi-structured interview assessing episodic memories (characterized by event-related emotional, sensory, contextual, and spatial-temporal details) and personal semantic knowledge from three periods of life (primary school, early adulthood, and recent years). Results: Factor analysis identified seven factors explaining 69% of the variance. While patients with MCI and AD showed lower values than controls on the factors frontal cortex, mesial temporal substructures, and occipital cortex, patients with MCI presented with increased values on the factors posterior cingulum and left temporo-prefrontal areas. The factors anterior cingulum and right temporal cortex showed only minor, non-significant group differences. Solely, the factor mesial temporal substructures was significantly correlated with both episodic memories (r = 0.424, p < 0.05) and personal semantic knowledge (r = 0.547, p < 0.01) in patients with MCI/AD. Conclusions: The factor structure identified corresponds by large to the morphological and functional interrelations of the respective sites. While reduced glucose uptake on the factors frontal cortex, mesial temporal substructures, and occipital cortex in the patient group may correspond to neurodegenerative changes, increased values on the factors posterior cingulum and left temporo-prefrontal areas in MCI may result from compensatory efforts. Interestingly, changes of the mesial temporal substructures were correlated with both semantic and episodic AM. Our findings suggest that AM deficits do not only reflect neurodegenerative changes but also refer to compensatory mechanisms as they involve both quantitative losses of specific memories and qualitative changes with a semantization of memories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Frankenberg
- Section of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Gerontology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Pantel
- Institute of General Practice, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Uwe Haberkorn
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christina Degen
- Section of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Monte S. Buchsbaum
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Christina J. Herold
- Section of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Johannes Schröder
- Section of Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Mitelman SA, Buchsbaum MS, Christian BT, Merrill BM, Buchsbaum BR, Mukherjee J, Lehrer DS. Dopamine receptor density and white mater integrity: 18F-fallypride positron emission tomography and diffusion tensor imaging study in healthy and schizophrenia subjects. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 14:736-752. [PMID: 30523488 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-018-0012-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dopaminergic dysfunction and changes in white matter integrity are among the most replicated findings in schizophrenia. A modulating role of dopamine in myelin formation has been proposed in animal models and healthy human brain, but has not yet been systematically explored in schizophrenia. We used diffusion tensor imaging and 18F-fallypride positron emission tomography in 19 healthy and 25 schizophrenia subjects to assess the relationship between gray matter dopamine D2/D3 receptor density and white matter fractional anisotropy in each diagnostic group. AFNI regions of interest were acquired for 42 cortical Brodmann areas and subcortical gray matter structures as well as stereotaxically placed in representative white matter areas implicated in schizophrenia neuroimaging literature. Welch's t-test with permutation-based p value adjustment was used to compare means of z-transformed correlations between fractional anisotropy and 18F-fallypride binding potentials in hypothesis-driven regions of interest in the diagnostic groups. Healthy subjects displayed an extensive pattern of predominantly negative correlations between 18F-fallypride binding across a range of cortical and subcortical gray matter regions and fractional anisotropy in rostral white matter regions (internal capsule, frontal lobe, anterior corpus callosum). These patterns were disrupted in subjects with schizophrenia, who displayed significantly weaker overall correlations as well as comparatively scant numbers of significant correlations with the internal capsule and frontal (but not temporal) white matter, especially for dopamine receptor density in thalamic nuclei. Dopamine D2/D3 receptor density and white matter integrity appear to be interrelated, and their decreases in schizophrenia may stem from hyperdopaminergia with dysregulation of dopaminergic impact on axonal myelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge A Mitelman
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY, 10029, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Elmhurst Hospital Center, 79-01 Broadway, Elmhurst, NY, 11373, USA.
| | - Monte S Buchsbaum
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, University of California, San Diego, 11388 Sorrento Valley Road, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Irvine School of Medicine, University of California, 101 The City Dr. S, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
| | - Bradley T Christian
- Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Avenue, Room T231, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Brian M Merrill
- Department of Psychiatry, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, East Medical Plaza, Dayton, OH, 45408, USA
| | - Bradley R Buchsbaum
- The Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 3560 Bathurst St, Toronto, ON, M6A 2E1, Canada
| | - Jogeshwar Mukherjee
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Preclinical Imaging, Irvine School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Douglas S Lehrer
- Department of Psychiatry, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, East Medical Plaza, Dayton, OH, 45408, USA
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Afshari B, Shiri N, Ghoreishi FS, Valianpour M. Examination and Comparison of Cognitive and Executive Functions in Clinically Stable Schizophrenia Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, and Major Depressive Disorder. DEPRESSION RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2020; 2020:2543541. [PMID: 33414961 PMCID: PMC7752301 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2543541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia (SC), bipolar disorder (BD), and major depressive disorder (MDD) are associated with various cognitive and executive dysfunctions. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and compare cognitive and executive dysfunctions in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and major depressive disorder. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty-four schizophrenia patients, 68 bipolar patients, 62 patients with major depressive disorder, and 75 healthy individuals participated in the present study. All participants were assessed with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders (SCID-I), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II), Trial Making Test (TMT), Four-Choice Reaction Time Task, Ruler Drop Method (RDM), Tower of London (TOL) task, and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST). Data were analyzed by chi-square, Kolmogorov-Smirnov, and independent t-tests; ANOVA; and MANOVA. RESULTS In the cognitive function, the scores of SC, BD, and MDD patients were lower than those of healthy individuals. Also, the scores of MDD patients were lower than those of other patients, and the scores of BD patients were lower than those of SC patients. In the executive function, the scores of SC, BD, and MDD patients were lower than those of healthy individuals. Moreover, the scores of the MDD group were higher than those of the BD and SC groups, and the scores of the SC group were higher than those of the BD group. CONCLUSION Patients with SC, BD, and MDD have poorer cognitive and executive functions than healthy individuals, even when these patients are in a stable state. Assessment of cognitive and executive functions in SC, BD, and MDD patients can help in understanding the pathology of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nasrin Shiri
- Kashan University of Medical Science, Kashan, Iran
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Mitelman SA, Buchsbaum MS, Christian BT, Merrill BM, Buchsbaum BR, Mukherjee J, Lehrer DS. Positive association between cerebral grey matter metabolism and dopamine D 2/D 3 receptor availability in healthy and schizophrenia subjects: An 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose and 18F-fallypride positron emission tomography study. World J Biol Psychiatry 2020; 21:368-382. [PMID: 31552783 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2019.1671609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Overlapping decreases in extrastriatal dopamine D2/D3-receptor availability and glucose metabolism have been reported in subjects with schizophrenia. It remains unknown whether these findings are physiologically related or coincidental.Methods: To ascertain this, we used two consecutive 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose and 18F-fallypride positron emission tomography scans in 19 healthy and 25 unmedicated schizophrenia subjects. Matrices of correlations between 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake and 18F-fallypride binding in voxels at the same xyz location and AFNI-generated regions of interest were evaluated in both diagnostic groups.Results:18F-fluorodeoxyglucose uptake and 18F-fallypride binding potential were predominantly positively correlated across the striatal and extrastriatal grey matter in both healthy and schizophrenia subjects. In comparison to healthy subjects, significantly weaker correlations in subjects with schizophrenia were confirmed in the right cingulate gyrus and thalamus, including the mediodorsal, lateral dorsal, anterior, and midline nuclei. Schizophrenia subjects showed decreased D2/D3-receptor availability in the hypothalamus, mamillary bodies, thalamus and several thalamic nuclei, and increased glucose uptake in three lobules of the cerebellar vermis.Conclusions: Dopaminergic system may be involved in modulation of grey matter metabolism and neurometabolic coupling in both healthy human brain and psychopathology. Hyperdopaminergic state in untreated schizophrenia may at least partly account for the corresponding decreases in grey matter metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge A Mitelman
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City,NY, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Elmhurst Hospital Center, Elmhurst, IL, USA
| | - Monte S Buchsbaum
- Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Bradley T Christian
- Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Brian M Merrill
- Department of Psychiatry, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Bradley R Buchsbaum
- The Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jogeshwar Mukherjee
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Preclinical Imaging, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Douglas S Lehrer
- Department of Psychiatry, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, OH, USA
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Mitelman SA, Buchsbaum MS, Christian BT, Merrill BM, Adineh M, DeCastro A, Buchsbaum BR, Lehrer DS. Relationship between white matter glucose metabolism and fractional anisotropy in healthy and schizophrenia subjects. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2020; 299:111060. [PMID: 32135405 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2020.111060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Decreased fractional anisotropy and increased glucose utilization in the white matter have been reported in schizophrenia. These findings may be indicative of an inverse relationship between these measures of white matter integrity and metabolism. We used 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and diffusion-tensor imaging in 19 healthy and 25 schizophrenia subjects to assess and compare coterritorial correlation patterns between glucose utilization and fractional anisotropy on a voxel-by-voxel basis and across a range of automatically placed representative white matter regions of interest. We found a pattern of predominantly negative correlations between white matter metabolism and fractional anisotropy in both healthy and schizophrenia subjects. The overall strength of the relationship was attenuated in subjects with schizophrenia, who displayed significantly fewer and weaker correlations in all regions assessed with the exception of the corpus callosum. This attenuation was most prominent in the left prefrontal white matter and this region also best predicted the diagnosis of schizophrenia. There exists an inverse relationship between the measures of white matter integrity and metabolism, which may therefore be physiologically linked. In subjects with schizophrenia, hypermetabolism in the white matter may be a function of lower white matter integrity, with lower efficiency and increased energetic cost of task-related computations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serge A Mitelman
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, One Gustave L. Levy Place, New York, NY 10029, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Elmhurst Hospital Center, 79-01 Broadway, Elmhurst, NY 11373, United States.
| | - Monte S Buchsbaum
- NeuroPET Center, Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, University of California, San Diego, 11388 Sorrento Valley Road, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Bradley T Christian
- Waisman Laboratory for Brain Imaging and Behavior, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1500 Highland Avenue, Room T231, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Brian M Merrill
- Department of Psychiatry, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, East Medical Plaza, Dayton, OH 45408, United States
| | - Mehdi Adineh
- Wallace-Kettering Neuroscience Institute, Kettering Medical Center, Kettering, OH 45429
| | - Alex DeCastro
- NeuroPET Center, Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, University of California, San Diego, 11388 Sorrento Valley Road, San Diego, CA 92121, United States
| | - Bradley R Buchsbaum
- The Rotman Research Institute, Baycrest Centre for Geriatric Care and Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 3560 Bathurst St., Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M6A 2E1
| | - Douglas S Lehrer
- Department of Psychiatry, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, East Medical Plaza, Dayton, OH 45408, United States
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Takano H. Cognitive Function and Monoamine Neurotransmission in Schizophrenia: Evidence From Positron Emission Tomography Studies. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:228. [PMID: 29896132 PMCID: PMC5987676 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a non-invasive imaging technique used to assess various brain functions, including cerebral blood flow, glucose metabolism, and neurotransmission, in the living human brain. In particular, neurotransmission mediated by the monoamine neurotransmitters dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine, has been extensively examined using PET probes, which specifically bind to the monoamine receptors and transporters. This useful tool has revealed the pathophysiology of various psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, and the mechanisms of action of psychotropic drugs. Because monoamines are implicated in various cognitive processes such as memory and executive functions, some PET studies have directly investigated the associations between monoamine neurotransmission and cognitive functions in healthy individuals and patients with psychiatric disorders. In this mini review, I discuss the findings of PET studies that investigated monoamine neurotransmission under resting conditions, specifically focusing on cognitive functions in patients with schizophrenia. With regard to the dopaminergic system, some studies have examined the association of dopamine D1 and D2/D3 receptors, dopamine transporters, and dopamine synthesis capacity with various cognitive functions in schizophrenia. With regard to the serotonergic system, 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors have been studied in the context of cognitive functions in schizophrenia. Although relatively few PET studies have examined cognitive functions in patients with psychiatric disorders, these approaches can provide useful information on enhancing cognitive functions by administering drugs that modulate monoamine transmission. Moreover, another paradigm of techniques such as those exploring the release of neurotransmitters and further development of radiotracers for novel targets are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harumasa Takano
- Department of Clinical Neuroimaging, Integrative Brain Imaging Center, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
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Schifani C, Hafizi S, Da Silva T, Watts JJ, Khan MS, Mizrahi R. Using molecular imaging to understand early schizophrenia-related psychosis neurochemistry: a review of human studies. Int Rev Psychiatry 2017; 29:555-566. [PMID: 29219634 PMCID: PMC8011813 DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2017.1396205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic psychiatric disorder generally preceded by a so-called prodromal phase, which is characterized by attenuated psychotic symptoms. Advances in clinical research have enabled prospective identification of those individuals who are at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis, with the power to predict psychosis onset within the near future. Changes in several brain neurochemical systems and molecular mechanisms are implicated in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and the psychosis spectrum, including the dopaminergic, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-ergic, glutamatergic, endocannabinoid, and immunologic (i.e. glial activation) system and other promising future directions such as synaptic density, which are possible to quantify in vivo using positron emission tomography (PET). This paper aims to review in vivo PET studies in the mentioned systems in the early course of psychosis (i.e. CHR and first-episode psychosis (FEP)). The results of reviewed studies are promising; however, the current understanding of the underlying pathology of psychosis is still limited. Importantly, promising efforts involve the development of novel PET radiotracers targeting systems with growing interest in schizophrenia, like the nociceptive system and synaptic density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christin Schifani
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sina Hafizi
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tania Da Silva
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jeremy Joseph Watts
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - M. Saad Khan
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Romina Mizrahi
- Research Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada
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