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Öz P, Kamalı O, Saka HB, Gör C, Uzbay İT. Baseline prepulse inhibition dependency of orexin A and REM sleep deprivation. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024; 241:1213-1225. [PMID: 38427059 PMCID: PMC11106105 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-024-06555-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Prepulse inhibition (PPI) impairment reflects sensorimotor gating problems, i.e. in schizophrenia. This study aims to enlighten the role of orexinergic regulation on PPI in a psychosis-like model. OBJECTIVES In order to understand the impact of orexinergic innervation on PPI and how it is modulated by age and baseline PPI (bPPI), chronic orexin A (OXA) injections was carried on non-sleep-deprived and sleep-deprived rats that are grouped by their bPPI. METHODS bPPI measurements were carried on male Wistar rats on P45 or P90 followed by grouping into low-PPI and high-PPI rats. The rats were injected with OXA twice per day for four consecutive days starting on P49 or P94, while the control groups received saline injections. 72 h REMSD was carried on via modified multiple platform technique on P94 and either OXA or saline was injected during REMSD. PPI tests were carried out 30 min. after the last injection. RESULTS Our previous study with acute OXA injection after REMSD without bPPI grouping revealed that low OXA doses might improve REMSD-induced PPI impairment. Our current results present three important conclusions: (1) The effect of OXA on PPI is bPPI-dependent and age-dependent. (2) The effect of REMSD is bPPI-dependent. (3) The effect of OXA on PPI after REMSD also depends on bPPI. CONCLUSION Orexinergic regulation of PPI response with and without REMSD can be predicted by bPPI levels. Our findings provide potential insights into the regulation of sensorimotor gating by sleep/wakefulness systems and present potential therapeutic targets for the disorders, where PPI is disturbed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pınar Öz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Üsküdar University Central Campus Block A, Altunizade Mah. Haluk Türksoy Sk. No : 14 34362, Üsküdar, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Department of Neuroscience, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Osman Kamalı
- Department of Neuroscience, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hacer Begüm Saka
- Department of Neuroscience, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Neuroscience, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ceren Gör
- Department of Neuroscience, Üsküdar University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Vizeli P, Cuccurazzu B, Drummond SPA, Acheson DT, Risbrough VB. Effects of total sleep deprivation on sensorimotor gating in humans. Behav Brain Res 2023; 449:114487. [PMID: 37169130 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Sensorimotor gating is a measure of pre-attentional information processing and can be measured by prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle reflex. Sleep deprivation has been shown to disrupt PPI in animals and humans, and has been proposed as an early phase 2 model to probe antipsychotic efficacy in heathy humans. To further investigate the reliability and efficacy of sleep deprivation to produce PPI deficits we tested the effects of total sleep deprivation (TSD) on PPI in healthy controls in a highly controlled sleep laboratory environment. Participants spent 4 days and nights in a controlled laboratory environment with their sleep monitored with polysomnography. Participants were randomly assigned to either normal sleep on all 4 nights (N=17) or 36hours of TSD on the 3rd or 4th night (N=40). Participants were assessed for sleepiness using the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS) and underwent a daily PPI task (interstimlulus intervals 30-2000 ms) in the evening. Both within-subject effects (TSD vs. normal sleep in TSD group alone) and between-subject effects (TSD vs. no TSD group) of TSD on PPI were assessed. TSD increased subjective sleepiness measured with the KSS, but did not significantly alter overall startle, habituation or PPI. Sleep measures including duration, rapid eye movement and slow wave sleep duration were also not associated with PPI performance. The current results show that human sensorimotor gating may not be reliably sensitive to sleep deprivation. Further research is required for TSD to be considered a dependable model of PPI disruption for drug discovery in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Vizeli
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
| | - Bruna Cuccurazzu
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, San Diego Veterans Affairs, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Sean P A Drummond
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, Monash School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Dean T Acheson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, San Diego Veterans Affairs, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Victoria B Risbrough
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Center of Excellence for Stress and Mental Health, San Diego Veterans Affairs, San Diego, CA, USA
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Naysmith LF, Williams SCR, Kumari V. The influence of stimulus onset asynchrony, task order, sex and hormonal contraception on prepulse inhibition and prepulse facilitation: Methodological considerations for drug and imaging research. J Psychopharmacol 2022; 36:1234-1242. [PMID: 36268723 PMCID: PMC9643818 DOI: 10.1177/02698811221133469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prepulse-induced startle modulation occurs when a weak sensory stimulus ('prepulse') is presented before a startling sensory stimulus ('pulse'), producing an inhibited (Prepulse Inhibition, PPI) or facilitated (Prepulse Facilitation, PPF) startle response. We recently identified several gaps and outlined future lines of enquiry to enable a fuller understanding of the neurobiology of PPI and PPF in healthy and clinical populations. However, before embarking on these studies, it is important to consider how task and population characteristics affect these phenomena in healthy humans. METHODS We examined PPI and PPF in separate tasks, with counterbalanced task order across participants in one session, using a range of stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs), in 48 healthy adults (23 men, 25 women; 10 hormonal contraceptive users) to determine which SOAs produce the strongest PPI and PPF and also explored how sex and hormonal contraception might influence PPI and PPF under these experimental conditions. RESULTS Both PPI and PPF were affected by SOA, with greatest PPI observed at 60 and 120 ms, and greatest PPF at 4500 and 6000 ms. PPI was influenced by sex (more PPI in men than women) and hormonal contraception, whereas PPF was affected by task order (greater PPF when the PPF task followed, rather than preceded, the PPI task). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that studies of PPI and PPF need to consider, not only sex and hormonal status of study participants, but also task characteristics and presentation order to reduce variance and increase replicability across studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura F Naysmith
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences,
Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London,
UK,Laura F Naysmith, Centre for Neuroimaging
Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College
London, L1.12, 16 De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - Steven C R Williams
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences,
Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London,
UK
| | - Veena Kumari
- Department of Psychology, Institute of
Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK,Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience,
College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London,
UK
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Kumari V, Ettinger U. Controlled sleep deprivation as an experimental medicine model of schizophrenia: An update. Schizophr Res 2020; 221:4-11. [PMID: 32402603 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
In recent years there has been a surge of interest and corresponding accumulation of knowledge about the role of sleep disturbance in schizophrenia. In this review, we provide an update on the current status of experimentally controlled sleep deprivation (SD) as an experimental medicine model of psychosis, and also consider, given the complexity and heterogeneity of schizophrenia, whether this (state) model can be usefully combined with other state or trait model systems to more powerfully model the pathophysiology of psychosis. We present evidence of dose-dependent aberrations that qualitatively resemble positive, negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia as well as deficits in a range of translational biomarkers for schizophrenia, including prepulse inhibition, smooth pursuit and antisaccades, following experimentally controlled SD, relative to standard sleep, in healthy volunteers. Studies examining the combination of SD and schizotypy, a trait model of schizophrenia, revealed only occasional, task-dependent superiority of the combination model, relative to either of the two models alone. Overall, we argue that experimentally controlled SD is a valuable experimental medicine model of schizophrenia to advance our understanding of the pathophysiology of the clinical disorder and discovery of more effective or novel treatments. Future studies are needed to test its utility in combination with other, especially state, model systems of psychosis such as ketamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veena Kumari
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge, UK.
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Giakoumaki SG, Karagiannopoulou L, Karamaouna P, Zouraraki C, Bitsios P. The association of schizotypal traits with Prepulse Inhibition: a double approach exploration. Cogn Neuropsychiatry 2020; 25:281-293. [PMID: 32539604 DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2020.1779679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: According to the fully-dimensional approach, schizotypy is a personality trait present in the population in a continuous manner while the quasi-dimensional approach emphasises its extreme presentations. In this study we examined the relationship between sensorimotor gating, a core risk-index of the schizophrenia-spectrum, and four schizotypal factors in a dimensional-wise and a dichotomising-wise approach. Methods: Two-hundred and eighty-three participants were assessed with the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire and were tested for Prepulse Inhibition (PPI). Associations between the schizotypal factors and startle measures were examined with stepwise regressions (dimensional-wise approach). Individuals in the lower 20% or the upper 20% for each schizotypal factor were identified and between-group comparisons were conducted (dichotomising-wise approach). Results: We found that with both approaches, only high paranoid or negative schizotypy were associated with reduced PPI. The low negative schizotypy group had prolonged onset and peak latencies, indicating that prolonged stimulus detection accompanies superior sensorimotor gating in this group. Conclusions: The findings suggest that although differentiating the effects of the various schizotypal factors is primary, the approach employed is secondary. The study also adds evidence in the literature supporting PPI as a useful endophenotypic marker of the schizophrenia-spectrum and highlights the contribution of specific aspects of schizotypy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella G Giakoumaki
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Crete, Rethymno, Crete, Greece
| | - Leda Karagiannopoulou
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Crete, Rethymno, Crete, Greece
| | - Penny Karamaouna
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Crete, Rethymno, Crete, Greece
| | - Chrysoula Zouraraki
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Crete, Rethymno, Crete, Greece
| | - Panos Bitsios
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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