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Yang C, Chen X, Xu J, Chen W. SKF82958, a dopamine D1 receptor agonist, disrupts prepulse inhibition in the medial prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens in C57BL/6J mice. Behav Pharmacol 2024; 35:193-200. [PMID: 38567425 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Prepulse inhibition (PPI) is a crucial indicator of sensorimotor gating that is often impaired in neuropsychiatric diseases. Although dopamine D1 receptor agonists have been found to disrupt PPI in mice, the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we aimed to identify the brain regions responsible for the PPI-disruptive effect of the D1 agonist in mice. Results demonstrated that intraperitoneal administration of the selective dopamine D1 receptor agonist SKF82958 dramatically inhibited PPI, while the dopamine D1 receptor antagonist SCH23390 enhanced PPI. Additionally, local infusion of SKF82958 into the nucleus accumbens and medial prefrontal cortex disrupted PPI, but not in the ventral hippocampus. Infusion of SCH23390 into these brain regions also failed to enhance PPI. Overall, the study suggests that the nucleus accumbens and medial prefrontal cortex are responsible for the PPI-disruptive effect of dopamine D1 receptor agonists. These findings provide essential insights into the cellular and neural circuit mechanisms underlying the disruptive effects of dopamine D1 receptor agonists on PPI and may contribute to the development of novel treatments for neuropsychiatric diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengmei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University
| | - Jingyang Xu
- Westa College, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weihai Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Southwest University), Ministry of Education
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University
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Favero JD, Luck C, Lipp OV, Marinovic W. The effect of prepulse amplitude and timing on the perception of an electrotactile pulse. Atten Percept Psychophys 2024; 86:1038-1047. [PMID: 36385671 PMCID: PMC11062989 DOI: 10.3758/s13414-022-02597-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The perceived intensity of an intense stimulus as well as the startle reflex it elicits can both be reduced when preceded by a weak stimulus (prepulse). Both phenomena are used to characterise the processes of sensory gating in clinical and non-clinical populations. The latter phenomenon, startle prepulse inhibition (PPI), is conceptualised as a measure of pre-attentive sensorimotor gating due to its observation at short latencies. In contrast, the former, prepulse inhibition of perceived stimulus intensity (PPIPSI), is believed to involve higher-order cognitive processes (e.g., attention), which require longer latencies. Although conceptually distinct, PPIPSI is often studied using parameters that elicit maximal PPI, likely limiting what we can learn about sensory gating's influence on conscious perception. Here, we tested an array of stimulus onset asynchronies (SOAs; 0-602 ms) and prepulse intensities (0-3× perceptual threshold) to determine the time course and sensitivity to the intensity of electrotactile PPIPSI. Participants were required to compare an 'unpleasant but not painful' electric pulse to their left wrist that was presented alone with the same stimulus preceded by an electric prepulse, and report which pulse stimulus felt more intense. Using a 2× perceptual threshold prepulse, PPIPSI emerged as significant at SOAs from 162 to 602 ms. We conclude that evidence of electrotactile PPIPSI at SOAs of 162 ms or longer is consistent with gating of perception requiring higher-level processes, not measured by startle PPI. The possible role of attentional processes, stimuli intensity, modality-specific differences, and methods of investigating PPIPSI further are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaspa D Favero
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Camilla Luck
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Ottmar V Lipp
- School of Psychology and Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Welber Marinovic
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia.
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Peralta-Vallejo N, Güell-Falgueras P, Cañete T, Sampedro-Viana D, Río-Álamos C, Oliveras I, Tobeña A, Fernández-Teruel A. Schizophrenia-relevant social, attentional and cognitive traits in female RHA vs. RLA rats: Effects of neonatal handling. Behav Brain Res 2024; 459:114762. [PMID: 37977340 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The Roman high- (RHA) and low-avoidance (RLA) rats were bidirectionally selected and bred for, respectively, their rapid vs. extremely poor acquisition in the two-way active avoidance task. Consistent between-strain neurobehavioural differences have been found in anxiety- and stress-linked traits, as well as in schizophrenia-related phenotypes. RLAs display enhanced anxious- and stress-related phenotypes, whereas RHA rats show impulsivity, hyperactivity and attention/cognition-related impairments. Many of these typical behavioural phenotypes have been reported to be positively modulated by environmental treatments such as neonatal handling (NH). However, most studies on the Roman rat strains have been carried out in males. Thus, the present study for the first time focused on the joint evaluation of differences in novel object exploration (NOE), social interaction (SI), prepulse inhibition of the startle response (PPI), and cognitive performance and flexibility in various spatial tasks (using the Morris water maze, MWM) in females of both Roman rat strains. We also aimed at evaluating the long-lasting effects of NH treatment on the RHA vs. RLA profiles in these tests/tasks. Results show that anxiety-related behavior, as measured by the NOE test and self-grooming in the SI test, was increased in RLA rats, and dramatically reduced by NH. In the SI test RLA rats displayed diminished social interaction, which was rescued by NH. RHA females exhibited a deficit of PPI, which was not affected by NH. Spatial tasks in the MWM showed impairments of working memory, reference learning/memory and spatial reversal learning (i.e., cognitive flexibility) in RHA females. Spatial reference learning and cognitive flexibility (i.e., reversal task) showed some improvement in rats (mainly in RHAs) that had received NH during the first three weeks of life. With the exception of the SI test, the pattern of differences between female RHA vs. RLA profiles was overall consistent with what has previously been found in males of both strains, and NH treatment was able to enduringly improve some emotion-related and (spatial) cognitive outcomes in both strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Peralta-Vallejo
- Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Güell-Falgueras
- Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Toni Cañete
- Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Sampedro-Viana
- Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristóbal Río-Álamos
- Department of Psychology, School of Medicine, Austral University of Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Ignasi Oliveras
- Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adolf Tobeña
- Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Fernández-Teruel
- Department of Psychiatry & Forensic Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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van den Buuse M, Jaehne EJ. Testing Prepulse Inhibition of Acoustic Startle in Rodents. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2746:121-133. [PMID: 38070085 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3585-8_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Prepulse inhibition (PPI) is a measure of sensorimotor gating which is widely used in rodents to study information processing and attention dysfunction. PPI is commonly measured in rats and mice using automated equipment. Here, we present details of a PPI testing protocol extensively used in previous studies. The protocol includes a set pulse-alone startle level and prepulse-pulse combinations with varying interval and intensity. Variations of this protocol can be used depending on the experimental aim or equipment and software version.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maarten van den Buuse
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Emily J Jaehne
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Sun Y, Bo Q, Mao Z, Tian Q, Dong F, Li L, Wang C. Different levels of prepulse inhibition among patients with first-episode schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2024; 49:E1-E10. [PMID: 38238035 PMCID: PMC10803101 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.230083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deficits in prepulse inhibition may be a common feature in first-episode schizophrenia, bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD). We sought to explore the levels and viability of prepulse inhibition to differentiate first-episode schizophrenia, BD and MDD in patient populations. METHODS We tested patients with first-episode schizophrenia, BD or MDD and healthy controls using prepulse inhibition paradigms, namely perceived spatial co-location (PSC-PPI) and perceived spatial separation (PSS-PPI). RESULTS We included 53 patients with first-episode schizophrenia, 30 with BD and 25 with MDD, as well as 82 healthy controls. The PSS-PPI indicated that the levels of prepulse inhibition were smallest to largest, respectively, in the first-episode schizophrenia, BD, MDD and control groups. Relative to the healthy controls, the prepulse inhibition deficits in the first-episode schizophrenia group were significant (p < 0.001), but the prepulse inhibitions were similar between patients with BD and healthy controls, and between patients with MDD and healthy controls. The receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that PSS-PPI (area under the curve [AUC] 0.73, p < 0.001) and latency (AUC 0.72, p < 0.001) were significant for differentiating patients with first-episode schizophrenia or BD from healthy controls. LIMITATIONS The demographics of the 4 groups were not ideally matched. We did not perform cognitive assessments. The possible confounding effect of medications on prepulse inhibition could not be eliminated. CONCLUSION The level of prepulse inhibition among patients with first-episode schizophrenia was the lowest, with levels among patients with BD, patients with MDD and healthy controls increasingly higher. The PSS-PPI paradigm was more effective than PSC-PPI to recognize deficits in prepulse inhibition. These results provide a basis for further research on biological indicators that can assist differential diagnoses in psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Sun
- From the National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, and Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University (Sun, Bo, Mao, Tian, Dong, Wang); the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University (Sun, Bo, Mao, Tian, Dong, Wang); the School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China (Li)
| | - Qijing Bo
- From the National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, and Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University (Sun, Bo, Mao, Tian, Dong, Wang); the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University (Sun, Bo, Mao, Tian, Dong, Wang); the School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China (Li)
| | - Zhen Mao
- From the National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, and Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University (Sun, Bo, Mao, Tian, Dong, Wang); the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University (Sun, Bo, Mao, Tian, Dong, Wang); the School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China (Li)
| | - Qing Tian
- From the National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, and Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University (Sun, Bo, Mao, Tian, Dong, Wang); the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University (Sun, Bo, Mao, Tian, Dong, Wang); the School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China (Li)
| | - Fang Dong
- From the National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, and Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University (Sun, Bo, Mao, Tian, Dong, Wang); the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University (Sun, Bo, Mao, Tian, Dong, Wang); the School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China (Li)
| | - Liang Li
- From the National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, and Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University (Sun, Bo, Mao, Tian, Dong, Wang); the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University (Sun, Bo, Mao, Tian, Dong, Wang); the School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China (Li)
| | - Chuanyue Wang
- From the National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders and Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders, and Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University (Sun, Bo, Mao, Tian, Dong, Wang); the Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University (Sun, Bo, Mao, Tian, Dong, Wang); the School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences and Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China (Li)
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Favero JD, Luck C, Lipp OV, Nguyen AT, Marinovic W. N1-P2 event-related potentials and perceived intensity are associated: The effects of a weak pre-stimulus and attentional load on processing of a subsequent intense stimulus. Biol Psychol 2023; 184:108711. [PMID: 37832864 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2023.108711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
A weak stimulus presented immediately before a more intense one reduces both the N1-P2 cortical response and the perceived intensity of the intense stimulus. The former effect is referred to as cortical prepulse inhibition (PPI), the latter as prepulse inhibition of perceived stimulus intensity (PPIPSI). Both phenomena are used to study sensory gating in clinical and non-clinical populations, however little is known about their relationship. Here, we investigated 1) the possibility that cortical PPI and PPIPSI are associated, and 2) how they are affected by attentional load. Participants were tasked with comparing the intensity of an electric pulse presented alone versus one preceded 200 ms by a weaker electric prepulse (Experiment 1), or an acoustic pulse presented alone with one preceded 170 ms by a weaker acoustic prepulse (Experiment 2). A counting task (easy vs. hard) manipulating attentional load was included in Experiment 2. In both experiments, we observed a relationship between N1-P2 amplitude and perceived intensity, where greater cortical PPI was associated with a higher probability of perceiving the 'pulse with prepulse' as less intense. Moreover, higher attentional load decreased observations of PPIPSI but had no effect on N1-P2 amplitude. Based on the findings we propose that PPIPSI partially relies on the allocation of attentional resources towards monitoring cortical channels that process stimulus intensity characteristics such as the N1-P2 complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaspa D Favero
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Camilla Luck
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ottmar V Lipp
- School of Psychology & Counselling, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - An T Nguyen
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Welber Marinovic
- School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
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Santos-Carrasco D, De la Casa LG. Prepulse inhibition deficit as a transdiagnostic process in neuropsychiatric disorders: a systematic review. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:226. [PMID: 37550772 PMCID: PMC10408198 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01253-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychopathological research is moving from a specific approach towards transdiagnosis through the analysis of processes that appear transversally to multiple pathologies. A phenomenon disrupted in several disorders is prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle response, in which startle to an intense sensory stimulus, or pulse, is reduced if a weak stimulus, or prepulse, is previously presented. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS The present systematic review analyzed the role of PPI deficit as a possible transdiagnostic process for four main groups of neuropsychiatric disorders: (1) trauma-, stress-, and anxiety-related disorders (2) mood-related disorders, (3) neurocognitive disorders, and (4) other disorders such as obsessive-compulsive, tic-related, and substance use disorders. We used Web of Science, PubMed and PsycInfo databases to search for experimental case-control articles that were analyzed both qualitatively and based on their potential risk of bias. A total of 64 studies were included in this systematic review. Protocol was submitted prospectively to PROSPERO 04/30/2022 (CRD42022322031). RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The results showed a general PPI deficit in the diagnostic groups mentioned, with associated deficits in the dopaminergic neurotransmission system, several areas implied such as the medial prefrontal cortex or the amygdala, and related variables such as cognitive deficits and anxiety symptoms. It can be concluded that the PPI deficit appears across most of the neuropsychiatric disorders examined, and it could be considered as a relevant measure in translational research for the early detection of such disorders.
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Oliveras I, Cañete T, Sampedro-Viana D, Río-Álamos C, Tobeña A, Corda MG, Giorgi O, Fernández-Teruel A. Neurobehavioral Profiles of Six Genetically-based Rat Models of Schizophrenia- related Symptoms. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1934-1952. [PMID: 36809938 PMCID: PMC10514524 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230221093644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a chronic and severe mental disorder with high heterogeneity in its symptoms clusters. The effectiveness of drug treatments for the disorder is far from satisfactory. It is widely accepted that research with valid animal models is essential if we aim at understanding its genetic/ neurobiological mechanisms and finding more effective treatments. The present article presents an overview of six genetically-based (selectively-bred) rat models/strains, which exhibit neurobehavioral schizophrenia-relevant features, i.e., the Apomorphine-susceptible (APO-SUS) rats, the Low-prepulse inhibition rats, the Brattleboro (BRAT) rats, the Spontaneously Hypertensive rats (SHR), the Wisket rats and the Roman High-Avoidance (RHA) rats. Strikingly, all the strains display impairments in prepulse inhibition of the startle response (PPI), which remarkably, in most cases are associated with novelty-induced hyperlocomotion, deficits of social behavior, impairment of latent inhibition and cognitive flexibility, or signs of impaired prefrontal cortex (PFC) function. However, only three of the strains share PPI deficits and dopaminergic (DAergic) psychostimulant-induced hyperlocomotion (together with prefrontal cortex dysfunction in two models, the APO-SUS and RHA), which points out that alterations of the mesolimbic DAergic circuit are a schizophrenia-linked trait that not all models reproduce, but it characterizes some strains that can be valid models of schizophrenia-relevant features and drug-addiction vulnerability (and thus, dual diagnosis). We conclude by putting the research based on these genetically-selected rat models in the context of the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework, suggesting that RDoC-oriented research programs using selectively-bred strains might help to accelerate progress in the various aspects of the schizophrenia-related research agenda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignasi Oliveras
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine & Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Toni Cañete
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine & Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Daniel Sampedro-Viana
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine & Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | | | - Adolf Tobeña
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine & Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
| | - Maria Giuseppa Corda
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (DiSVA), University of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy
| | - Osvaldo Giorgi
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences (DiSVA), University of Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy
| | - Alberto Fernández-Teruel
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine & Institute of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Bellaterra, Barcelona, 08193, Spain
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Naysmith LF, Kumari V, Williams SCR. Neural mapping of prepulse-induced startle reflex modulation as indices of sensory information processing in healthy and clinical populations: A systematic review. Hum Brain Mapp 2021; 42:5495-5518. [PMID: 34414633 PMCID: PMC8519869 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Startle reflex is modulated when a weaker sensory stimulus ("prepulse") precedes a startling stimulus ("pulse"). Prepulse Inhibition (PPI) is the attenuation of the startle reflex (prepulse precedes pulse by 30-500 ms), whereas Prepulse Facilitation (PPF) is the enhancement of the startle reflex (prepulse precedes pulse by 500-6000 ms). Here, we critically appraise human studies using functional neuroimaging to establish brain regions associated with PPI and PPF. Of 10 studies, nine studies revealed thalamic, striatal and frontal lobe activation during PPI in healthy groups, and activation deficits in the cortico-striato-pallido-thalamic circuitry in schizophrenia (three studies) and Tourette Syndrome (two studies). One study revealed a shared network for PPI and PPF in frontal regions and cerebellum, with PPF networks recruiting superior medial gyrus and cingulate cortex. The main gaps in the literature are (i) limited PPF research and whether PPI and PPF operate on separate/shared networks, (ii) no data on sex differences in neural underpinnings of PPI and PPF, and (iii) no data on neural underpinnings of PPI and PPF in other clinical disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura F. Naysmith
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
| | - Veena Kumari
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroscience, College of HealthMedicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University LondonUK
| | - Steven C. R. Williams
- Centre for Neuroimaging Sciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and NeuroscienceKing's College LondonLondonUK
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Berryman C, Wallwork SB, Heredia-Rizo AM, Knight E, Camfferman D, Russek L, Moseley GL. Are You Listening? Facilitation of the Auditory Blink Response in People with Fibromyalgia. J Pain 2021; 22:1072-1083. [PMID: 33757876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2021.03.141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to determine whether auditory prepulse inhibition (PPI) and/or prepulse facilitation (PPF) were altered in people with fibromyalgia (FM) when compared with controls. Eyeblink responses were recorded from 29 females with FM and 27 controls, while they listened to 3 blocks of auditory stimuli that delivered pulses with either PPI or PPF. Using a linear mixed model, our main findings were that there was a GROUP*CONDITION interaction (F4, 1084 = 4.01, P= .0031) indicating that the difference in amplitude between FM group and control group changed depending on the condition (PPI or PPF). Post hoc tests revealed no differences between the groups in response to PPI. The FM group showed a greater reactivity of response to the PPF conditioned stimulus than the control group did (t(39.7) = 2.03, P= .0494). Augmentation of PPF, as demonstrated by the FM group is thought to be linked to alterations in information processing mediated by an autonomically driven general orienting process. Activities that decrease autonomic drive or rebalance autonomic and parasympathetic tone such as vagal stimulation might be pursued as effective interventions for people with FM. PERSPECTIVE: This article presents evidence of preservation of neural circuitry that underpins response suppression and evidence of neural circuit disturbance mediated by autonomic drive-in people with FM. These results are important because intact circuitry underpins the effectiveness of therapies and may be harnessed, and rebalancing autonomic drive may be indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Berryman
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, Australia; IIMPACT in Health, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Sarah B Wallwork
- IIMPACT in Health, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Alberto Marcos Heredia-Rizo
- Physiotherapy Department, Faculty of Nursing, Physiotherapy and Podiatry, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Emma Knight
- Faculty of Health and Medical Science, The University of Adelaide, North Terrace, Adelaide, Australia
| | | | - Leslie Russek
- Physical Therapy Department, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York
| | - G Lorimer Moseley
- IIMPACT in Health, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, Australia
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Jaehne EJ, Chong EMS, Sbisa A, Gillespie B, Hill R, Gogos A, van den Buuse M. TrkB agonist 7,8-dihydroxyflavone reverses an induced prepulse inhibition deficit selectively in maternal immune activation offspring: implications for schizophrenia. Behav Pharmacol 2021; 32:404-412. [PMID: 33883449 DOI: 10.1097/fbp.0000000000000632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Reduced brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) signalling has been implicated in schizophrenia endophenotypes, including deficits in prepulse inhibition (PPI). Maternal immune activation (MIA) is a widely used neurodevelopmental animal model for schizophrenia but it is unclear if BDNF and its receptor, tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB), are involved in PPI regulation in this model. Pregnant Long Evans rats were treated with the viral mimetic, polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C; 4 mg/kg i.v.), and nine male offspring from these dams were compared in adulthood to 11 male Long Evans controls. Offspring underwent PPI testing following injection with the TrkB agonist, 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF) (10 mg/kg i.p.), with or without the dopamine receptor agonist, apomorphine (APO; 1 mg/kg s.c.), or the dopamine releasing drug, methamphetamine (METH; 2 mg/kg s.c.). Acute administration of APO and METH caused the expected significant reduction of PPI. Acute administration of 7,8-DHF did not alter PPI on its own; however, it significantly reversed the effect of APO on PPI in poly I:C rats, but not in controls. A similar trend was observed in combination with METH. Western blot analysis of frontal cortex revealed significantly increased levels of BDNF protein, but not TrkB or phosphorylated TrkB/TrkB levels, in poly I:C rats. These findings suggest that, selectively in MIA offspring, 7,8-DHF has the ability to reverse PPI deficits caused by dopaminergic stimulation. This effect could be associated with increased BDNF expression in the frontal cortex. These data suggest that targeting BDNF signalling may have therapeutic potential for the treatment of certain symptoms of schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Jaehne
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University
| | - Elaine Mei San Chong
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University
| | - Alyssa Sbisa
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne
| | - Brendan Gillespie
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University
| | - Rachel Hill
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University
| | - Andrea Gogos
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne
| | - Maarten van den Buuse
- Department of Psychology and Counselling, School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
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12
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Saito R, Miyoshi C, Koebis M, Kushima I, Nakao K, Mori D, Ozaki N, Funato H, Yanagisawa M, Aiba A. Two novel mouse models mimicking minor deletions in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome revealed the contribution of each deleted region to psychiatric disorders. Mol Brain 2021; 14:68. [PMID: 33845872 PMCID: PMC8042712 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00778-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is a disorder caused by the segmental deletion of human chromosome 22. This chromosomal deletion is known as high genetic risk factors for various psychiatric disorders. The different deletion types are identified in 22q11.2DS patients, including the most common 3.0-Mb deletion, and the less-frequent 1.5-Mb and 1.4-Mb deletions. In previous animal studies of psychiatric disorders associated with 22q11.2DS mainly focused on the 1.5-Mb deletion and model mice mimicking the human 1.5-Mb deletion have been established with diverse genetic backgrounds, which resulted in the contradictory phenotypes. On the other hand, the contribution of the genes in 1.4-Mb region to psychiatric disorders is poorly understood. In this study, we generated two mouse lines that reproduced the 1.4-Mb and 1.5-Mb deletions of 22q11.2DS [Del(1.4 Mb)/+ and Del(1.5 Mb)/+] on the pure C57BL/6N genetic background. These mutant mice were analyzed comprehensively by behavioral tests, such as measurement of locomotor activity, sociability, prepulse inhibition and fear-conditioning memory. Del(1.4 Mb)/+ mice displayed decreased locomotor activity, but no abnormalities were observed in all other behavioral tests. Del(1.5 Mb)/+ mice showed reduction of prepulse inhibition and impairment of contextual- and cued-dependent fear memory, which is consistent with previous reports. Furthermore, apparently intact social recognition in Del(1.4 Mb)/+ and Del(1.5 Mb)/+ mice suggests that the impaired social recognition observed in Del(3.0 Mb)/+ mice mimicking the human 3.0-Mb deletion requires mutations both in 1.4-Mb and 1.5 Mb regions. Our previous study has shown that Del(3.0 Mb)/+ mice presented disturbance of behavioral circadian rhythm. Therefore, we further evaluated sleep/wakefulness cycles in Del(3.0 Mb)/+ mice by electroencephalogram (EEG) and electromyogram (EMG) recording. EEG/EMG analysis revealed the disturbed wakefulness and non-rapid eye moving sleep (NREMS) cycles in Del(3.0 Mb)/+ mice, suggesting that Del(3.0 Mb)/+ mice may be unable to maintain their wakefulness. Together, our mouse models deepen our understanding of genetic contributions to schizophrenic phenotypes related to 22q11.2DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Saito
- Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
| | - Chika Miyoshi
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575 Japan
| | - Michinori Koebis
- Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
| | - Itaru Kushima
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550 Japan
- Medical Genomics Center, Nagoya University Hospital, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550 Japan
| | - Kazuki Nakao
- Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
- Institute of Experimental Animal Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Daisuke Mori
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550 Japan
- Brain and Mind Research Center, Nagoya University, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550 Japan
| | - Norio Ozaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550 Japan
| | - Hiromasa Funato
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575 Japan
| | - Masashi Yanagisawa
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8575 Japan
| | - Atsu Aiba
- Laboratory of Animal Resources, Center for Disease Biology and Integrative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
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Gaines CH, Snyder AE, Ervin RB, Farrington J, Walsh K, Schoenrock SA, Tarantino LM. Behavioral characterization of a novel Cisd2 mutant mouse. Behav Brain Res 2021; 405:113187. [PMID: 33610659 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Wolfram syndrome (WFS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by diabetes mellitus and insipidus, progressive optic atrophy and sensorineural deafness. An increased incidence of psychiatric disorders has also been reported in WFS patients. There are two subtypes of WFS. Type 1 (WFS1) is caused by mutations in the WFS1 gene and type 2 (WFS2) results from mutations in the CISD2 gene. Existing Wfs1 knockout mice exhibit many WFS1 cardinal symptoms including diabetic nephropathy, metabolic disruptions and optic atrophy. Far fewer studies have examined loss of Cisd2 function in mice. We identified B6.DDY-Cisd2m1Lmt, a mouse model with a spontaneous mutation in the Cisd2 gene. B6.DDY-Cisd2m1Lmt mice were initially identified based on the presence of audible sonic vocalizations as well as decreased body size and weight compared to unaffected wildtype littermates. Although Wfs1 knockout mice have been characterized for numerous behavioral phenotypes, similar studies have been lacking for Cisd2 mutant mice. We tested B6.DDY-Cisd2m1Lmt mice in a battery of behavioral assays that model phenotypes related to neurological and psychiatric disorders including anxiety, sensorimotor gating, stress response, social interaction and learning and memory. B6.DDY-Cisd2m1Lmt mice displayed hypoactivity across several behavioral tests, exhibited increased stress response and had deficits in spatial learning and memory and sensorimotor gating compared to wildtype littermates. Our data indicate that the B6.DDY-Cisd2m1Lmt mouse strain is a useful model to investigate potential mechanisms underlying the neurological and psychiatric symptoms observed in WFS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiann H Gaines
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Neuroscience Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Angela E Snyder
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Robin B Ervin
- Psychiatry Department, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Joseph Farrington
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Kenneth Walsh
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Sarah A Schoenrock
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Neuroscience Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Lisa M Tarantino
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States; Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States.
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San-Martin R, Castro LA, Menezes PR, Fraga FJ, Simões PW, Salum C. Meta-Analysis of Sensorimotor Gating Deficits in Patients With Schizophrenia Evaluated by Prepulse Inhibition Test. Schizophr Bull 2020; 46:1482-1497. [PMID: 32506125 PMCID: PMC8061122 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbaa059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of startle is an operational measure of sensorimotor gating that is often impaired in patients with schizophrenia. Despite the large number of studies, there is considerable variation in PPI outcomes reported. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis investigating PPI impairment in patients with schizophrenia compared with healthy control subjects, and examined possible explanations for the variation in results between studies. Major databases were screened for observational studies comparing healthy subjects and patients with schizophrenia for the prepulse and pulse intervals of 60 and 120 ms as primary outcomes, ie, PPI-60 and PPI-120. Standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were extracted and pooled using random effects models. We then estimated the mean effect size of these measures with random effects meta-analyses and evaluated potential PPI heterogeneity moderators, using sensitivity analysis and meta-regressions. Sixty-seven primary studies were identified, with 3685 healthy and 4290 patients with schizophrenia. The schizophrenia group showed reduction in sensorimotor gating for both PPI-60 (SMD = -0.50, 95% CI = [-0.61, -0.39]) and PPI-120 (SMD = -0.44, 95% CI = [-0.54, -0.33]). The sensitivity and meta-regression analysis showed that sample size, gender proportion, imbalance for gender, source of control group, and study continent were sources of heterogeneity (P < .05) for both PPI-60 and PPI-120 outcomes. Our findings confirm a global sensorimotor gating deficit in schizophrenia patients, with overall moderate effect size for PPI-60 and PPI-120. Methodological consistency should decrease the high level of heterogeneity of PPI results between studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo San-Martin
- Center for Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Andrade Castro
- Center for Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Paulo Rossi Menezes
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Population Mental Health Research Center, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Francisco José Fraga
- Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences Center, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Priscyla Waleska Simões
- Engineering, Modeling and Applied Social Sciences Center, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Salum
- Center for Mathematics, Computation and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil
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15
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Ku Y, Kim DY, Kwon C, Noh TS, Park MK, Lee JH, Oh SH, Kim HC, Suh MW. Effect of age on the gap-prepulse inhibition of the cortical N1-P2 complex in humans as a step towards an objective measure of tinnitus. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241136. [PMID: 33152745 PMCID: PMC7644010 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The gap-prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex has been widely used as a behavioral method for tinnitus screening in animal studies. The cortical-evoked potential gap-induced inhibition has also been investigated in animals as well as in human subjects. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of age on the cortical N1-P2 complex in the gap-prepulse inhibition paradigm. Fifty-seven subjects, aged 20 to 68 years, without continuous tinnitus, were tested with two effective gap conditions (embedded gap of 50- or 20-ms duration). Retest sessions were performed within one month. A significant gap-induced inhibition of the N1-P2 complex was found in both gap durations. Age differently affected the inhibition, depending on gap duration. With a 50-ms gap, the inhibition decreased significantly with the increase in age. This age-inhibition relationship was not found when using a 20-ms gap. The results were reproducible in the retest session. Our findings suggest that the interaction between age and gap duration should be considered when applying the gap-induced inhibition of the cortical-evoked potential as an objective measure of tinnitus in human subjects. Further studies with tinnitus patients are warranted to identify gap duration that would minimize the effects of age and maximize the difference in the inhibition between those with and without tinnitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunseo Ku
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Do Youn Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Graduate School, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chiheon Kwon
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Graduate School, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Soo Noh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Moo Kyun Park
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Ho Lee
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Ha Oh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hee Chan Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Graduate School, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Institute of Medical & Biological Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung-Whan Suh
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology- Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Kaya-Yertutanol FD, Uzbay İT, Çevreli B, Bolay-Belen H. Effect of gabapentin on sleep-deprivation-induced disruption of prepulse inhibition. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:2993-3006. [PMID: 32594186 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05587-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE There are controversial reports on the effects of gabapentin in respect to psychotic symptoms. Prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle response is an operational measure of sensorimotor gating. In laboratory rodents, deficits in sensorimotor gating are used to model behavioral endophenotypes of schizophrenia. Sleep deprivation disrupts prepulse inhibition and can be used as a psychosis model to evaluate effects of gabapentin. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate behavioral effects of gabapentin in both naïve and sleep-deprived rats. METHODS Sleep deprivation was induced in male Wistar rats by using the modified multiple platform technique in a water tank for 72 h. The effect of water tank itself was studied in a sham group. The effects of oral acute and subchronic (4.5 days) gabapentin doses (25, 100, or 200 mg/kg/day) on sensorimotor gating and locomotor activity was evaluated by prepulse inhibition test and locomotor activity test, respectively. Plasma gabapentin levels of some groups and body weights of all groups were also assessed. RESULTS Sleep deprivation disrupted prepulse inhibition, increased locomotor activity, reduced gabapentin plasma levels, and body weights. Some gabapentin doses disrupted sensorimotor gating irrespective of sleep condition. Some gabapentin doses increased locomotor activity in non-sleep-deprived rats and decreased locomotor activity in sleep-deprived rats. On the contrary, gabapentin did not normalize sleep deprivation-induced disruption in sensorimotor gating. CONCLUSIONS Sleep deprivation via modified multiple platform technique could be used as an animal model for psychosis. Gabapentin may have dose- and duration-dependent effects on sensorimotor gating and locomotor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Duygu Kaya-Yertutanol
- Neuropsychopharmacology Practice and Research Center, Uskudar University, Haluk Türksoy Sokak No:14, Istanbul, 34662, Turkey.
| | - İ Tayfun Uzbay
- Neuropsychopharmacology Practice and Research Center, Uskudar University, Haluk Türksoy Sokak No:14, Istanbul, 34662, Turkey
| | - Burcu Çevreli
- Neuropsychopharmacology Practice and Research Center, Uskudar University, Haluk Türksoy Sokak No:14, Istanbul, 34662, Turkey
| | - Hayrunnisa Bolay-Belen
- Department of Neurology, Gazi University Faculty of Medicine, Mevlana Bulvarı No:29, Ankara, 06560, Turkey
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Kraeuter AK, Mashavave T, Suvarna A, van den Buuse M, Sarnyai Z. Effects of beta-hydroxybutyrate administration on MK-801-induced schizophrenia-like behaviour in mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2020; 237:1397-1405. [PMID: 31993694 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-020-05467-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Impaired cerebral glucose metabolism is a core pathological feature of schizophrenia. We recently demonstrated that a ketogenic diet, causing a shift from glycolysis to ketosis, normalized schizophrenia-like behaviours in an acute N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist model of the illness. Ketogenic diet produces the ketone body, β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), which may serve as an alternative fuel source in its own right without a strict dietary regime. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that chronic administration of BHB replicates the therapeutic effects of ketogenic diet in an acute NMDA receptor hypofunction model of schizophrenia in mice. METHODS C57Bl/6 mice were either treated with acute doses of 2 mmol/kg, 10 mmol/kg, or 20 mmol/kg BHB or received daily intraperitoneal injections of 2 mmol/kg BHB or saline for 3 weeks. Behavioural testing assessed the effect of acute challenge with 0.2 mg/kg MK-801 or saline on open field behaviour, social interaction, and prepulse inhibition of startle (PPI). RESULTS Acute BHB administration dose-dependently increased BHB plasma levels, whereas the 2 mmol/kg dose increased plasma glucose levels. The highest acute dose of BHB supressed spontaneous locomotor activity, MK-801-induced locomotor hyperactivity and MK-801-induced disruption of PPI. Chronic BHB treatment normalized MK-801-induced hyperlocomotion, reduction of sociability, and disruption of PPI. CONCLUSION In conclusion, BHB may present a novel treatment option for patients with schizophrenia by providing an alternative fuel source to normalize impaired glucose metabolism in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Katrin Kraeuter
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, Douglas, Australia
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tadiwa Mashavave
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, Douglas, Australia
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Aditya Suvarna
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, Douglas, Australia
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
| | - Maarten van den Buuse
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia
- School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Zoltán Sarnyai
- Laboratory of Psychiatric Neuroscience, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, Douglas, Australia.
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Queensland, Australia.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Early identification is important for patients with early-onset schizophrenia (SZ). Assessment of (candidate) endophenotypic markers for SZ, such as prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex (PPI), may help distinguish between the early-onset SZ and other psychiatric disorders. We explored whether PPI deficits usually seen in adult-onset SZ are present in young adolescents with either early-onset psychosis or attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS Twenty-five adolescents with first-episode, non-affective psychosis (FEP), 28 adolescents with ADHD and 43 healthy controls (HC), aged 12-17 years, were assessed with an auditory PPI paradigm. RESULTS No significant group differences were found in PPI. However, when the FEP group was divided into those already diagnosed with SZ (n = 13) and those without (N-SZ) (n = 12), and all four groups (SZ, N-SZ, ADHD and HC) were compared on percentage PPI in the 85/60 trials, significantly less PPI was found in patients with SZ than in the HC as well as the ADHD group. No significant group differences were found in explorative analyses on the other trial types. Additionally, startle magnitude was significantly higher in SZ than in N-SZ patients. CONCLUSION Young adolescents with SZ showed sensorimotor gating deficits similar to those usually found in adults with SZ and had larger startle magnitude than patients with other types of non-affective early-onset psychosis. No sensorimotor gating deficits were found in adolescents with ADHD. Our findings support the theory that deficient PPI is endophenotypic for SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Rydkjaer
- Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS) and Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR), Mental Health Center Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Richardt Moellegaard Jepsen
- Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS) and Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR), Mental Health Center Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne Katrine Pagsberg
- Child and Adolescent Mental Health Center, Mental Health Services, Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Fagerlund
- Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS) and Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR), Mental Health Center Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Birte Yding Glenthoej
- Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS) and Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR), Mental Health Center Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bob Oranje
- Center for Clinical Intervention and Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CINS) and Center for Neuropsychiatric Schizophrenia Research (CNSR), Mental Health Center Glostrup, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Prepulse inhibition (PPI) is a measurement method for the sensory gating process, which helps the brain adapt to complex environments. PPI may be reduced in patients with bipolar disorder (BD). This study investigated PPI deficits in BD and pooled the effect size of PPI in patients with BD. METHODS We conducted a literature search on PPI in patients with BD from inception to July 27, 2019 in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library databases, and Chinese databases. No age, sex, and language restriction were set. The calculation formula was PPI = 100 - [100*((prepulse - pulse amplitude) / pulse amplitude)]. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was used to assess the quality of studies. RESULTS Ten eligible papers were identified, of which five studies including a total of 141 euthymic patients and 132 healthy controls (HC) were included in the meta-analysis. Compared with HC, euthymic patients with BD had significantly lower PPI at the 60 ms interstimulus interval (ISI) between pulse and prepulse (P = 0.476, I2 = 0.0%, SMD = - 0.32, 95% CI = - 0.54 - -0.10). Sensitivity analysis shows no significant change in the combined effect value after removing any single study. There was no publication bias using the Egger's test at 60 ms (P = 0.606). The meta-analysis of PPI at the 60 ms ISI could have significant clinical heterogeneity in mood episode state, as well as lack of data on BD I or II subtypes. CONCLUSIONS Euthymic patients with BD show PPI deficits at the 60 ms, suggesting a deficit in the early sensory gate underlying PPI. The PPI inhibition rate at a 60 ms interval is a stable index. More research is needed in the future to confirm this outcome, and to delve deeper into the mechanisms behind deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Mao
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders & Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.5 Ankang Lane, Dewai Avenue, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100088 China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Qijing Bo
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders & Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.5 Ankang Lane, Dewai Avenue, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100088 China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Weidi Li
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders & Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.5 Ankang Lane, Dewai Avenue, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100088 China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Zhimin Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders & Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.5 Ankang Lane, Dewai Avenue, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100088 China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Xin Ma
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders & Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.5 Ankang Lane, Dewai Avenue, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100088 China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
| | - Chuanyue Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders & Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.5 Ankang Lane, Dewai Avenue, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100088 China
- Advanced Innovation Center for Human Brain Protection, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069 China
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Heidinger L, Reilly JL, Wang L, Goldman MB. Circuit activity underlying a distinct modulator of prepulse inhibition. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2019; 288:1-11. [PMID: 31030001 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Prepulse inhibition (PPI), the diminished eye blink response to a startling pulse induced by a prepulse, is regulated by brainstem, and modulated by cerebral, processes. Attentional modulation by the prepulse (AMP), a potential biomarker of psychotic disorders, differs from other modulatory processes because it only occurs if the interval between the prepulse and pulse exceeds 100 ms (>PP100). Videotaped eye blinks were measured during fMRI scanning in 15 healthy subjects hearing 64 pulse alone, 64 PP60 and 64 PP120 trials in a rapid event-related design. Because attentional influences on PPI vary spontaneously, we posited AMP could be isolated by comparing eye blink and Blood Oxygen Level Dependent covariation during the two PP trial types. Behavioral regressor coefficients reflecting significant covariation covered the insula and auditory cortices during PP120 but not PP60 trials. Clusters within the right anterior insula and auditory cortex were specific to AMP. Functional connections (FCs) between cerebral ROIs implicated in PPI were stronger during PP120 trials. The four FCs that were individually stronger during PP120 trials involved the right insula or auditory cortex and three were not present during PP60 trials. Converging evidence indicates the right insula is the hub of a network underlying AMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Heidinger
- Department of Psychiatry, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 446 East Ontario, Suite 7-100, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - James L Reilly
- Department of Psychiatry, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 446 East Ontario, Suite 7-100, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 446 East Ontario, Suite 7-100, Chicago, IL 60611, USA; Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Morris B Goldman
- Department of Psychiatry, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, 446 East Ontario, Suite 7-100, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.
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21
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Abela AR, Rahbarnia A, Wood S, Lê AD, Fletcher PJ. Adolescent exposure to Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol delays acquisition of paired-associates learning in adulthood. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2019; 236:1875-1886. [PMID: 30694374 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-019-5171-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND OBJECTIVES Adolescence is a sensitive period of brain development, during which there may be a heightened vulnerability to the effects of drug use. Despite this, the long-term effects of cannabis use during this developmental period on cognition are poorly understood. METHODS We exposed adolescent rats to escalating doses of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)-the primary psychoactive component of cannabis-or vehicle solution during postnatal days (PND) 35-45, a period of development that is analogous to human adolescence (THC doses: PND 35-37, 2.5 mg/kg; PND 38-41, 5 mg/kg; PND 42-45, 10 mg/kg). After a period of abstinence, in adulthood, rats were tested on an automated touchscreen version of a paired-associates learning (PAL) task to assess their ability to learn and recall object-location associations. Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle response was also measured at three time points (5 days, 4 months, and 6 months after exposure) to assess sensorimotor gating, the ability to filter out insignificant sensory information from the environment. RESULTS Compared to rats exposed to vehicle alone, rats exposed to THC during adolescence took longer to learn the PAL task when tested in adulthood, even when trials contained visually identical stimuli that differed only in location. Despite this, no differences were observed later in testing, when trials contained visually distinct stimuli in different locations. Rats exposed to THC also displayed impairments in sensorimotor gating, as measured by prepulse inhibition of the startle response, though this deficit did appear to decrease over time. CONCLUSION Taken together, THC exposure during adolescence produces long-term deficits in associative learning and sensorimotor gating, though the impact of these deficits seems to diminish with time. Thus, adolescence may represent a period of neurocognitive development that is vulnerable to the harms of cannabis use, though the stability of such harms is uncertain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew R Abela
- Preclinical Research and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Department of Neuroscience, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 33 Russell Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada.
| | - Arya Rahbarnia
- Preclinical Research and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Suzanne Wood
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anh D Lê
- Preclinical Research and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paul J Fletcher
- Preclinical Research and Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College St., Toronto, Ontario, M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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22
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Garcia-Rill E, Saper CB, Rye DB, Kofler M, Nonnekes J, Lozano A, Valls-Solé J, Hallett M. Focus on the pedunculopontine nucleus. Consensus review from the May 2018 brainstem society meeting in Washington, DC, USA. Clin Neurophysiol 2019; 130:925-940. [PMID: 30981899 PMCID: PMC7365492 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) is located in the mesopontine tegmentum and is best delimited by a group of large cholinergic neurons adjacent to the decussation of the superior cerebellar peduncle. This part of the brain, populated by many other neuronal groups, is a crossroads for many important functions. Good evidence relates the PPN to control of reflex reactions, sleep-wake cycles, posture and gait. However, the precise role of the PPN in all these functions has been controversial and there still are uncertainties in the functional anatomy and physiology of the nucleus. It is difficult to grasp the extent of the influence of the PPN, not only because of its varied functions and projections, but also because of the controversies arising from them. One controversy is its relationship to the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR). In this regard, the PPN has become a new target for deep brain stimulation (DBS) for the treatment of parkinsonian gait disorders, including freezing of gait. This review is intended to indicate what is currently known, shed some light on the controversies that have arisen, and to provide a framework for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Garcia-Rill
- Center for Translational Neuroscience, Department of Neurobiology and Developmental Sciences, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
| | - C B Saper
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David B Rye
- Department of Neurology, Division of Sleep Medicine and Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Kofler
- Department of Neurology, Hochzirl Hospital, Zirl, Austria
| | - J Nonnekes
- Radboud University Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Rehabilitation, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - A Lozano
- Division of Neurosurgery, University of Toronto and Krembil Neuroscience Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - J Valls-Solé
- Neurology Department, Hospital Clínic, University of Barcelona, IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica August Pi i Sunyer), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Hallett
- Human Motor Control Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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23
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Jones CE, Navis TM, Teutsch P, Opel RA, Lim MM. Acoustic prepulse inhibition in male and female prairie voles: Implications for models of neuropsychiatric illness. Behav Brain Res 2019; 360:298-302. [PMID: 30550951 PMCID: PMC6324994 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2018.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 11/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Sensory gating, the ability to suppress sensory information of irrelevant stimuli, is affected in several neuropsychiatric diseases, notably schizophrenia and autism. It is currently unclear how these deficits interact with other hallmark symptoms of these disorders, such as social withdrawal and difficulty with interpersonal relationships. The highly affiliative prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster) may be an ideal model organism to study the neurobiology underlying social behavior. In this study, we assessed unimodal acoustic sensory gating in male and female prairie voles using the prepulse inhibition (PPI) paradigm, whereby a lower amplitude sound (prepulse) decreases the startle response to a high amplitude sound (pulse) compared to the high amplitude sound alone. Prairie voles showed evidence of PPI at all prepulse levels compared to pulse alone, with both males and females showing similar levels of inhibition. However, unlike what has been reported in other rodent species, prairie voles did not show a within-session decrease in startle response to the pulse alone, nor did they show a decrease in startle response to the pulse over multiple days, highlighting their inability to habituate to startling stimuli (short- and long-term). When contrasted with a cohort of male wildtype C57Bl/6J mice that underwent a comparable PPI protocol, individual voles showed significantly higher trial-by-trial variability as well as longer latency to startle than mice. The benefits and caveats to using prairie voles in future sensory gating experiments are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn E Jones
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States; VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR. United States
| | - Tom M Navis
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Peyton Teutsch
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR. United States
| | - Ryan A Opel
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR. United States
| | - Miranda M Lim
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States; VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR. United States.
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Teutsch P, Jones CE, Kaiser ME, Avalon Gardner N, Lim MM. Gait and Conditioned Fear Impairments in a Mouse Model of Comorbid TBI and PTSD. Behav Neurol 2018; 2018:6037015. [PMID: 30327687 PMCID: PMC6171258 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6037015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) commonly cooccur. Approaches to research and treatment of these disorders have been segregated, despite overlapping symptomology. We and others have hypothesized that comorbid TBI + PTSD generates worse symptoms than either condition alone. We present a mouse model of comorbid TBI + PTSD to further explore this condition. METHODS A mouse model of TBI + PTSD was generated using the single prolonged stress (SPS) protocol in combination with the controlled cortical impact (CCI) protocol. This resulted in four experimental groups: control, TBI, PTSD, and TBI + PTSD. Behavioral phenotyping included gait analysis, contextual fear conditioning, acoustic startle response, and prepulse inhibition. RESULTS Mice in the TBI + PTSD group showed a significantly impaired gait compared to their counterparts with TBI alone as well as control mice. Mice in the TBI + PTSD group showed significantly impaired contextual fear recall compared to controls. Prepulse inhibition testing revealed intact acoustic startle and auditory sensory gating. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that SPS paired with CCI in mice produces unique behavioral impairments in gait and fear recall that are not present in either condition alone. Further studies are underway to examine additional behavioral, physiological, and pathological phenotypes in this combined model of TBI + PTSD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Carolyn E. Jones
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | | | - Natasha Avalon Gardner
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
- Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Miranda M. Lim
- VA Portland Health Care System, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Department of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
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25
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Li XB, Bo QJ, Tian Q, Yang NB, Mao Z, Zheng W, Wen YJ, Wang CY. Impact of childhood trauma on sensory gating in patients with first-episode schizophrenia. BMC Psychiatry 2018; 18:258. [PMID: 30115023 PMCID: PMC6097339 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-018-1807-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood trauma (CT) has been found to contribute to the onset of schizophrenia and auditory sensory gating deficit is a leading endophenotype for schizophrenia. However, the association between the CT and sensory gating in first-episode schizophrenia remains elusive. METHODS Fifty-six patients and 49 age and sex-matched healthy controls were assessed using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire-Short Form (CTQ-SF) for CT and Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for symptoms severity. Sensory gating was tested using the modified paradigm, perceived spatial separation-induced prepulse inhibition (PSS-PPI), and the perceived spatial co-location PPI (PSC-PPI or classical PPI). RESULTS Comparing with healthy controls, the patients had significantly higher score on sexual abuse (t = 2.729, p < 0.05), lower PSS- PPI, % (ISI = 120 ms and ISI = 60 ms) (t = - 3.089, - 4.196, p < 0.05). Univariate analysis revealed the absence of a significant correlation among CT, PPI paradigms and symptoms. However, multiple linear regression analyses demonstrated the CTQ-SF total was negatively associated with PSS PPI (ISI = 120 ms) (p = 0.018). CONCLUSION The current study illustrates that the impact of CT on sensory gating in patients with first-episode schizophrenia, and thus we conclude that CT may be a risk factor to the occurrence of schizophrenia through its impact on sensory gating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Bin Li
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders & Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.5 Ankang Lane, Dewai Avenue, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100088 China
| | - Qi-Jing Bo
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders & Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.5 Ankang Lane, Dewai Avenue, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100088 China
| | - Qing Tian
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders & Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.5 Ankang Lane, Dewai Avenue, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100088 China
| | - Ning-Bo Yang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders & Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.5 Ankang Lane, Dewai Avenue, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100088 China
| | - Zhen Mao
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders & Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.5 Ankang Lane, Dewai Avenue, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100088 China
| | - Wei Zheng
- The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University (Guangzhou Huiai Hospital), Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Jie Wen
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders & Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.5 Ankang Lane, Dewai Avenue, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100088 China
| | - Chuan-Yue Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders & Beijing Key Laboratory of Mental Disorders & Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders Center of Schizophrenia, Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, No.5 Ankang Lane, Dewai Avenue, Xicheng District, Beijing, 100088 China
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26
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Huang L, Shum EY, Jones SH, Lou CH, Chousal J, Kim H, Roberts AJ, Jolly LA, Espinoza JL, Skarbrevik DM, Phan MH, Cook-Andersen H, Swerdlow NR, Gecz J, Wilkinson MF. A Upf3b-mutant mouse model with behavioral and neurogenesis defects. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:1773-1786. [PMID: 28948974 PMCID: PMC5869067 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonsense-mediated RNA decay (NMD) is a highly conserved and selective RNA degradation pathway that acts on RNAs terminating their reading frames in specific contexts. NMD is regulated in a tissue-specific and developmentally controlled manner, raising the possibility that it influences developmental events. Indeed, loss or depletion of NMD factors have been shown to disrupt developmental events in organisms spanning the phylogenetic scale. In humans, mutations in the NMD factor gene, UPF3B, cause intellectual disability (ID) and are strongly associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and schizophrenia (SCZ). Here, we report the generation and characterization of mice harboring a null Upf3b allele. These Upf3b-null mice exhibit deficits in fear-conditioned learning, but not spatial learning. Upf3b-null mice also have a profound defect in prepulse inhibition (PPI), a measure of sensorimotor gating commonly deficient in individuals with SCZ and other brain disorders. Consistent with both their PPI and learning defects, cortical pyramidal neurons from Upf3b-null mice display deficient dendritic spine maturation in vivo. In addition, neural stem cells from Upf3b-null mice have impaired ability to undergo differentiation and require prolonged culture to give rise to functional neurons with electrical activity. RNA sequencing (RNAseq) analysis of the frontal cortex identified UPF3B-regulated RNAs, including direct NMD target transcripts encoding proteins with known functions in neural differentiation, maturation and disease. We suggest Upf3b-null mice serve as a novel model system to decipher cellular and molecular defects underlying ID and neurodevelopmental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Huang
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - E Y Shum
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - S H Jones
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - C-H Lou
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - J Chousal
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - H Kim
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - A J Roberts
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - L A Jolly
- Adelaide Medical School and Robison Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - J L Espinoza
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - D M Skarbrevik
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - M H Phan
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - H Cook-Andersen
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - N R Swerdlow
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - J Gecz
- Adelaide Medical School and Robison Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - M F Wilkinson
- Department of Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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27
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Simões LR, Sangiogo G, Tashiro MH, Generoso JS, Faller CJ, Dominguini D, Mastella GA, Scaini G, Giridharan VV, Michels M, Florentino D, Petronilho F, Réus GZ, Dal-Pizzol F, Zugno AI, Barichello T. Maternal immune activation induced by lipopolysaccharide triggers immune response in pregnant mother and fetus, and induces behavioral impairment in adult rats. J Psychiatr Res 2018; 100:71-83. [PMID: 29494891 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Evidence suggest that prenatal immune system disturbance contributes largely to the pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. We investigated if maternal immune activation (MIA) could induce inflammatory alterations in fetal brain and pregnant rats. Adult rats subjected to MIA also were investigated to evaluate if ketamine potentiates the effects of infection. On gestational day 15, Wistar pregnant rats received lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce MIA. After 6, 12 and 24 h, fetus brain, placenta, and amniotic fluid were collected to evaluate early effects of LPS. MIA increased oxidative stress and expression of metalloproteinase in the amniotic fluid and fetal brain. The blood brain barrier (BBB) integrity in the hippocampus and cortex as well integrity of placental barrier (PB) in the placenta and fetus brain were dysregulated after LPS induction. We observed elevated pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines after LPS in fetal brain. Other group of rats from postnatal day (PND) 54 after LPS received injection of ketamine at the doses of 5, 15, and 25 mg/kg. On PND 60 rats were subjected to the memories tests, spontaneous locomotor activity, and pre-pulse inhibition test (PPI). Rats that receive MIA plus ketamine had memory impairment and a deficit in the PPI. Neurotrophins were increased in the hippocampus and reduced in the prefrontal cortex in the LPS plus ketamine group. MIA induced oxidative stress and inflammatory changes that could be, at least in part, related to the dysfunction in the BBB and PB permeability of pregnant rats and offspring. Besides, this also generates behavioral deficits in the rat adulthood's that are potentiated by ketamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutiana Roque Simões
- Laboratory of Experimental Microbiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Sangiogo
- Laboratory of Experimental Microbiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Michael Hikaru Tashiro
- Laboratory of Experimental Microbiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline S Generoso
- Laboratory of Experimental Microbiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Cristiano Julio Faller
- Laboratory of Experimental Microbiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Diogo Dominguini
- Laboratory of Experimental Microbiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Antunes Mastella
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Giselli Scaini
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vijayasree Vayalanellore Giridharan
- Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA
| | - Monique Michels
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Drielly Florentino
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Fabricia Petronilho
- Laboratory of Neurobiology of Inflammatory and Metabolic Processes, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, University of South Santa Catarina (UNISUL), Tubarão, SC, Brazil
| | - Gislaine Zilli Réus
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Felipe Dal-Pizzol
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Alexandra I Zugno
- Laboratory of Neurosciences, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil
| | - Tatiana Barichello
- Laboratory of Experimental Microbiology, Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Health Sciences Unit, University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC), Criciúma, SC, Brazil; Translational Psychiatry Program, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), Houston, TX, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX, USA.
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28
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Cheng CH, Chan PYS, Hsu SC, Liu CY. Meta-analysis of sensorimotor gating in patients with autism spectrum disorders. Psychiatry Res 2018; 262:413-419. [PMID: 28918862 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2017.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of startle response is a well-established neurophysiological marker of sensorimotor gating ability in psychiatric patients including those with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). PPI has been utilized as an indicator of the central inhibitory function and is potentially linked to the clinical features of this disease. However, it remains inconclusive whether ASD patients exhibit PPI deficits compared with healthy controls. The present meta-analysis aimed to explore the pooled effect sizes of PPI in ASD patients. We searched major electronic databases from 1990 to January 2017. Seven studies, consisting of 21 individual investigations with 135 healthy controls and 99 ASD patients, were obtained. The effect size, calculated as Hedges's g and 95% confidence interval, were estimated. Overall, we found ASD patients exhibited an impaired PPI compared with healthy controls (p = 0.008). Specifically, significant PPI deficits were observed among ASD children/adolescents, compared with their healthy counterparts (p = 0.019). However, differences in PPI responses were not observed among adults. Conclusively, our results reconciled the previous studies and showed that ASD children/adolescents, but not adults, exhibit reduced sensorimotor gating function compared to healthy controls. We also suggest that the parameters of PPI are particularly important and the results should be interpreted with cautions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Hsiung Cheng
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Laboratory of Brain Imaging and Neural Dynamics (BIND Lab), Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Ying S Chan
- Department of Occupational Therapy and Graduate Institute of Behavioral Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Hsu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yih Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan; School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Notzon S, Vennewald N, Gajewska A, Klahn AL, Diemer J, Winter B, Fohrbeck I, Arolt V, Pauli P, Domschke K, Zwanzger P. Is prepulse modification altered by continuous theta burst stimulation? DAT1 genotype and motor threshold interact on prepulse modification following brain stimulation. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2017; 267:767-779. [PMID: 28337537 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-017-0786-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies suggest an inhibitory top-down control of the amygdala by the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Both brain regions play a role in the modulation of prepulse modification (PPM) of the acoustic startle response by a pre-stimulus. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) can modulate the activity of the PFC and might thus affect PPM. This study tested the effect of inhibitory rTMS on PPM accounting for a genetic variant of the dopamine transporter gene (DAT1). Healthy participants (N = 102) were stimulated with continuous theta burst stimulation (cTBS, an intense form of inhibitory rTMS) or sham treatment over the right PFC. Afterwards, during continuous presentation of a background white noise a louder noise burst was presented either alone (control startle) or preceded by a prepulse. Participants were genotyped for a DAT1 variable number tandem repeat (VNTR) polymorphism. Two succeeding sessions of cTBS over the right PFC (2 × 600 stimuli with a time lag of 15 min) attenuated averaged prepulse inhibition (PPI) in participants with a high resting motor threshold. An attenuation of PPI induced by prepulses with great distances to the pulse (480, 2000 ms) was observed following active cTBS in participants that were homozygous carriers of the 10-repeat-allele of the DAT1 genotype and had a high resting motor threshold. Our results confirm the importance of the prefrontal cortex for the modulation of PPM. The effects were observed in participants with a high resting motor threshold only, probably because they received a higher dose of cTBS. The effects in homozygous carriers of the DAT1 10-repeat allele confirm the relevance of dopamine for PPM. Conducting an exploratory study we decided against the use of a correction for multiple testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Notzon
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude A9, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| | - N Vennewald
- School of Health, Münster University of Applied Sciences, Leonardo Campus 8, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - A Gajewska
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Margarete-Höppel-Platz 1, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - A L Klahn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude A9, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - J Diemer
- kbo-Inn-Salzach-Hospital, Gabersee 7, 83512, Wasserburg am Inn, Germany
| | - B Winter
- Catholic University of Applied Sciences North Rhine-Westphalia, Münster, Piusallee 89, 48147, Münster, Germany
| | - I Fohrbeck
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude A9, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - V Arolt
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude A9, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - P Pauli
- Department of Biological Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Marcusstraße 9-11, 97070, Würzburg, Germany
| | - K Domschke
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, University of Würzburg, Margarete-Höppel-Platz 1, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Freiburg, Hauptstrasse 5, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - P Zwanzger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Münster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Gebäude A9, 48149, Münster, Germany
- kbo-Inn-Salzach-Hospital, Gabersee 7, 83512, Wasserburg am Inn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry und Psychotherapy, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
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Chen Z, Parkkonen L, Wei J, Dong JR, Ma Y, Carlson S. Prepulse Inhibition of Auditory Cortical Responses in the Caudolateral Superior Temporal Gyrus in Macaca mulatta. Neurosci Bull 2017; 34:291-302. [PMID: 29022224 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-017-0181-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Prepulse inhibition (PPI) refers to a decreased response to a startling stimulus when another weaker stimulus precedes it. Most PPI studies have focused on the physiological startle reflex and fewer have reported the PPI of cortical responses. We recorded local field potentials (LFPs) in four monkeys and investigated whether the PPI of auditory cortical responses (alpha, beta, and gamma oscillations and evoked potentials) can be demonstrated in the caudolateral belt of the superior temporal gyrus (STGcb). We also investigated whether the presence of a conspecific, which draws attention away from the auditory stimuli, affects the PPI of auditory cortical responses. The PPI paradigm consisted of Pulse-only and Prepulse + Pulse trials that were presented randomly while the monkey was alone (ALONE) and while another monkey was present in the same room (ACCOMP). The LFPs to the Pulse were significantly suppressed by the Prepulse thus, demonstrating PPI of cortical responses in the STGcb. The PPI-related inhibition of the N1 amplitude of the evoked responses and cortical oscillations to the Pulse were not affected by the presence of a conspecific. In contrast, gamma oscillations and the amplitude of the N1 response to Pulse-only were suppressed in the ACCOMP condition compared to the ALONE condition. These findings demonstrate PPI in the monkey STGcb and suggest that the PPI of auditory cortical responses in the monkey STGcb is a pre-attentive inhibitory process that is independent of attentional modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuyue Chen
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, 00076, Espoo, Finland.
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Lauri Parkkonen
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, 00076, Espoo, Finland
| | - Jingkuan Wei
- Laboratory of Primate Neurosciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Jin-Run Dong
- Laboratory of Primate Neurosciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Yuanye Ma
- Laboratory of Primate Neurosciences, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, China
| | - Synnöve Carlson
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, 00076, Espoo, Finland
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
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O’Tuathaigh CMP, Mathur N, O’Callaghan MJ, MacIntyre L, Harvey R, Lai D, Waddington JL, Pickard BS, Watson DG, Moran PM. Specialized Information Processing Deficits and Distinct Metabolomic Profiles Following TM-Domain Disruption of Nrg1. Schizophr Bull 2017; 43:1100-1113. [PMID: 28338897 PMCID: PMC5581893 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbw189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Although there is considerable genetic and pathologic evidence for an association between neuregulin 1 (NRG1) dysregulation and schizophrenia, the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms remain unclear. Mutant mice containing disruption of the transmembrane (TM) domain of the NRG1 gene constitute a heuristic model for dysregulation of NRG1-ErbB4 signaling in schizophrenia. The present study focused on hitherto uncharacterized information processing phenotypes in this mutant line. Using a mass spectrometry-based metabolomics approach, we also quantified levels of unique metabolites in brain. Across 2 different sites and protocols, Nrg1 mutants demonstrated deficits in prepulse inhibition, a measure of sensorimotor gating, that is, disrupted in schizophrenia; these deficits were partially reversed by acute treatment with second, but not first-, generation antipsychotic drugs. However, Nrg1 mutants did not show a specific deficit in latent inhibition, a measure of selective attention that is also disrupted in schizophrenia. In contrast, in a "what-where-when" object recognition memory task, Nrg1 mutants displayed sex-specific (males only) disruption of "what-when" performance, indicative of impaired temporal aspects of episodic memory. Differential metabolomic profiling revealed that these behavioral phenotypes were accompanied, most prominently, by alterations in lipid metabolism pathways. This study is the first to associate these novel physiological mechanisms, previously independently identified as being abnormal in schizophrenia, with disruption of NRG1 function. These data suggest novel mechanisms by which compromised neuregulin function from birth might lead to schizophrenia-relevant behavioral changes in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Naina Mathur
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Lynsey MacIntyre
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Richard Harvey
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - Donna Lai
- Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
| | - John L Waddington
- Molecular and Cellular Therapeutics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Translational Research & Therapy for Neuro-Psychiatric-Disorders and Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Benjamin S Pickard
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - David G Watson
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Paula M Moran
- School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- To whom correspondence should be addressed; tel: 44-115-95-15312, fax: 44-115-95-15324, e-mail:
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del Pino I, Brotons-Mas JR, Marques-Smith A, Marighetto A, Frick A, Marín O, Rico B. Abnormal wiring of CCK + basket cells disrupts spatial information coding. Nat Neurosci 2017; 20:784-792. [PMID: 28394324 PMCID: PMC5446788 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The function of cortical GABAergic interneurons is largely determined by their integration into specific neural circuits, but the mechanisms controlling the wiring of these cells remain largely unknown. This is particularly true for a major population of basket cells that express the neuropeptide cholecystokinin (CCK). Here we found that the tyrosine kinase receptor ErbB4 was required for the normal integration into cortical circuits of basket cells expressing CCK and vesicular glutamate transporter 3 (VGlut3). The number of inhibitory synapses made by CCK+VGlut3+ basket cells and the inhibitory drive they exerted on pyramidal cells were reduced in conditional mice lacking ErbB4. Developmental disruption of the connectivity of these cells diminished the power of theta oscillations during exploratory behavior, disrupted spatial coding by place cells, and caused selective alterations in spatial learning and memory in adult mice. These results suggest that normal integration of CCK+ basket cells in cortical networks is key to support spatial coding in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel del Pino
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas & Universidad Miguel Hernández, Sant Joan d’Alacant 03550, Spain
| | - Jorge R. Brotons-Mas
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas & Universidad Miguel Hernández, Sant Joan d’Alacant 03550, Spain
| | - André Marques-Smith
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andreas Frick
- Neurocentre Magendie INSERM U1215, 33077 Bordeaux, France
| | - Oscar Marín
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas & Universidad Miguel Hernández, Sant Joan d’Alacant 03550, Spain
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Beatriz Rico
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
- Instituto de Neurociencias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas & Universidad Miguel Hernández, Sant Joan d’Alacant 03550, Spain
- MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King’s College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
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Poje AB, Filion DL. The effects of multiphasic prepulses on automatic and attention-modulated prepulse inhibition. Cogn Process 2017; 18:261-270. [PMID: 28401360 DOI: 10.1007/s10339-017-0808-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Prepulse inhibition (PPI) is widely viewed as an operational measure of sensorimotor gating. Previous research has shown that sensorimotor gating can occur automatically and also can be influenced by selective attention. The present research investigated the relationship of the transient detection response (TDR) with automatic and attention-modulated PPI using a novel "multiphasic" prepulse stimulus. Experiment 1 compared discrete versus multiphasic prepulse types in a no-task PPI protocol to validate multiphasic prepulses as effective elicitors of automatic sensorimotor gating. Results revealed that the two prepulse types elicited equivalent levels of PPI. Experiment 2 compared the effectiveness of continuous monophasic versus continuous multiphasic prepulses within a task-based PPI protocol using a lead interval of 120 ms. Results revealed a significant attention effect for monophasic prepulses only. However, robust PPI was produced by the multiphasic prepulses independent of attention as well as over time. These results suggest that multiple influences on PPI can be assessed concurrently depending on prepulse parameters designed to activate the TDR when used in a PPI protocol capable of assessing the effects of selective attention on prepulse processing [corrected]
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert B Poje
- Division of Psychology, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Kansas Medical Center and Hospital, 3901 Rainbow Blvd., Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
| | - Diane L Filion
- Department of Psychology, University of Missouri at Kansas City, 5100 Rockhill Rd., Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
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Maple AM, Call T, Kimmel PC, Hammer RP. Effects of Repeated Ropinirole Treatment on Phencyclidine-Induced Hyperlocomotion, Prepulse Inhibition Deficits, and Social Avoidance in Rats. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2017; 361:109-114. [PMID: 28167638 PMCID: PMC11047206 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.116.238634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Phencyclidine (PCP), a noncompetitive N-methyl d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist, provides the most complete pharmacologic model of schizophrenia in humans and animals. Acute PCP causes hyperlocomotion, disrupts prepulse inhibition (PPI), and increases social avoidance in rats. We have previously shown that repeated treatment with the dopamine (DA) D2-like receptor agonists, quinpirole or ropinirole, prevents agonist-induced PPI disruption. In the present study, we examined whether repeated ropinirole treatment similarly attenuates the effects of PCP in a more complete model of schizophrenia symptoms and examined the effect of repeated D2-like agonist treatment on locomotion, PPI, and social interaction after acute PCP challenge. The acute effect of PCP (3.0 or 6.0 mg/kg) on locomotor activity was examined to establish a minimum effective dose. Thereafter, the effect of PCP challenge (3.0 mg/kg) on locomotor activity, PPI, and social interaction was assessed in adult male rats before or 7-10 days after termination of repeated daily treatment with ropinirole (0.1 mg/kg) or saline vehicle (0.1 ml/kg) for 28 days. Repeated ropinirole treatment attenuates PCP-induced hyperlocomotion, PPI deficits, and social avoidance. These findings suggest that repeated ropinirole treatment might affect a final common pathway that is vulnerable to both PCP- and dopamine agonist-induced behavioral disruption, thereby providing an alternative approach to block the effects of PCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda M Maple
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences (A.M.M., P.C.K., R.P.H.), and Departments of Pharmacology and Psychiatry (R.P.H.), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix; and Department of Psychology (A.M.M., P.C.K., R.P.H.) and Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience (T.C., R.P.H.), Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Tanessa Call
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences (A.M.M., P.C.K., R.P.H.), and Departments of Pharmacology and Psychiatry (R.P.H.), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix; and Department of Psychology (A.M.M., P.C.K., R.P.H.) and Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience (T.C., R.P.H.), Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Phylicia C Kimmel
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences (A.M.M., P.C.K., R.P.H.), and Departments of Pharmacology and Psychiatry (R.P.H.), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix; and Department of Psychology (A.M.M., P.C.K., R.P.H.) and Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience (T.C., R.P.H.), Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Ronald P Hammer
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences (A.M.M., P.C.K., R.P.H.), and Departments of Pharmacology and Psychiatry (R.P.H.), University of Arizona College of Medicine, Phoenix; and Department of Psychology (A.M.M., P.C.K., R.P.H.) and Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Neuroscience (T.C., R.P.H.), Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
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Fraga FJ, Noya CV, Zimiani MI, Avila MA, Shuhama R, Del-Ben CM, Menezes PR, Martin RS, Salum C. Simultaneous evaluation of prepulse inhibition with EMG and EEG using advanced artifact removal techniques. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2017; 2016:5262-5265. [PMID: 28269451 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2016.7591914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Prepulse inhibition (PPI) consists of a reduction of the acoustic startle reflex (SR) magnitude (measured with EMG) when a startling stimulus is preceded by a non-startling one. This behavior has been extensively investigated in studies related to schizophrenia, since sensory-motor deficit plays a central role in its pathophysiology. However, the same auditory stimuli that trigger the SR also provoke intense auditory evoked responses (AEP), which can be measured with EEG. Comparing these two types of responses, acquired simultaneously, is a great opportunity to investigate the dependence and interdependence of their neural pathways. Nonetheless, so far very few studies have dared to perform such simultaneous recordings, because SR produces strong eye blinks and muscle contraction artifacts that contaminate EEG electrodes placed on the scalp. In this study we investigated the possibility of simultaneously obtaining both the acoustic SR (using EMG) and the AEP (using EEG) measures, through the use of advanced artifact removal techniques, to better characterize PPI in healthy humans.
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McLaurin KA, Moran LM, Li H, Booze RM, Mactutus CF. A Gap in Time: Extending our Knowledge of Temporal Processing Deficits in the HIV-1 Transgenic Rat. J Neuroimmune Pharmacol 2017; 12:171-179. [PMID: 27699630 PMCID: PMC5316491 DOI: 10.1007/s11481-016-9711-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 50 % of HIV-1 seropositive individuals develop HIV-1 associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), which commonly include alterations in executive functions, such as inhibition, set shifting, and complex problem solving. Executive function deficits in HIV-1 are fairly well characterized, however, relatively few studies have explored the elemental dimensions of neurocognitive impairment in HIV-1. Deficits in temporal processing, caused by HIV-1, may underlie the symptoms of impairment in higher level cognitive processes. Translational measures of temporal processing, including cross-modal prepulse inhibition (PPI), gap-prepulse inhibition (gap-PPI), and gap threshold detection, were studied in mature (ovariectomized) female HIV-1 transgenic (Tg) rats, which express 7 of the 9 HIV-1 genes constitutively throughout development. Cross-modal PPI revealed a relative insensitivity to the manipulation of interstimulus interval (ISI) in HIV-1 Tg animals in comparison to control animals, extending previously reported temporal processing deficits in HIV-1 Tg rats to a more advanced age, suggesting the permanence of temporal processing deficits. In gap-PPI, HIV-1 Tg animals exhibited a relative insensitivity to the manipulation of ISI in comparison to control animals. In gap-threshold detection, HIV-1 Tg animals displayed a profound differential sensitivity to the manipulation of gap duration. Presence of the HIV-1 transgene was diagnosed with 91.1 % accuracy using gap threshold detection measures. Understanding the generality and permanence of temporal processing deficits in the HIV-1 Tg rat is vital to modeling neurocognitive deficits observed in HAND and provides a key target for the development of a diagnostic screening tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen A McLaurin
- Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, 1512 Pendleton Street, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Landhing M Moran
- Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, 1512 Pendleton Street, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Hailong Li
- Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, 1512 Pendleton Street, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Rosemarie M Booze
- Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, 1512 Pendleton Street, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA
| | - Charles F Mactutus
- Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of South Carolina, 1512 Pendleton Street, Columbia, SC, 29208, USA.
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Swerdlow NR, Bhakta SG, Rana BK, Kei J, Chou HH, Talledo JA. Sensorimotor gating in healthy adults tested over a 15 year period. Biol Psychol 2017; 123:177-186. [PMID: 28027936 PMCID: PMC5297597 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2016.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 11/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prepulse inhibition (PPI) of startle, an operational measure of sensorimotor gating, is used to study normal and pathological brain function. From 2001 to 2016, we screened healthy subjects (HS) to establish their suitability for tests of drug effects on PPI. Because of the size and systematic characterization of this sample across variables of relevance to PPI, we now report these screening results. METHODS Acoustic startle and PPI were assessed in HS to identify those eligible for studies of drug effects on PPI from 2001 to 2016, yielding 457 "eligible" subjects. RESULTS Data confirmed the consistency of PPI across this 15-year period, and supported the role of several variables previously reported to moderate either startle or PPI. CONCLUSIONS Startle and PPI are robust physiological measures that are predictably moderated by specific physiological variables in healthy adults. As such, these measures serve as robust markers of neurobiological processes in healthy and patient populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal R Swerdlow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego (UCSD) School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093-080, United States.
| | - Savita G Bhakta
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego (UCSD) School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093-080, United States
| | - Brinda K Rana
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego (UCSD) School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093-080, United States
| | - Justin Kei
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego (UCSD) School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093-080, United States
| | - Hsun-Hua Chou
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego (UCSD) School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093-080, United States
| | - Jo A Talledo
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego (UCSD) School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Dr., La Jolla, CA, 92093-080, United States
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Aghaei I, Saeedi Saravi SS, Ghotbi Ravandi S, Nozari M, Roudbari A, Dalili A, Shabani M, Dehpour AR. Evaluation of prepulse inhibition and memory impairments at early stage of cirrhosis may be considered as a diagnostic index for minimal hepatic encephalopathy. Physiol Behav 2017; 173:87-94. [PMID: 28119160 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.01.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 10/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE), which represents the early stage of this condition, is not clinically apparent and is prevalent in up to 80% of patients. The poor outcomes of MHE encouraged us to identify more simple methods for early diagnosis of MHE. To this purpose, we evaluated the contemporary manifestations of motor, cognitive and sensorimotor gaiting deficits following bile duct-ligation (BDL). Male Wistar rats were undergone BDL to induce cirrhosis and locomotor, spatial learning and memory and sensorimotor gating were assessed 2, 3, and 4weeks after the operation by rotarod, Morris water-maze and prepulse inhibition (PPI) tests. PPI was examined 6weeks after BDL until appearance of hepatic encephalopathy. Results showed that although PPI was significantly enhanced in the 6-week BDL animals, locomotor activity reduced in 4-week BDL rats compared to the BDL rats after a 2-week period. The total distance travelled and swimming time to reach the platform increased in the 4-week BDL rats and, in contrast, the percentage of time spent and space travelled in correct quadrant decreased. Moreover, memory index decreased in the 3-week BDL group compared to sham-operated group. It was observed an increase in global PPI in 3- and 4-week BDL animals in comparison with either 2-week BDL or sham-operated rats. Consequently, it is indicated that BDL animals manifest spatial learning and memory deficits and PPI disruption in early stage of HE and evaluation of these factors can be considered as indices for simple and early diagnosis of MHE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iraj Aghaei
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Seyed Soheil Saeedi Saravi
- Department of Toxicology-Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Experimental Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Ghotbi Ravandi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Nozari
- Department of Physiology, Afzalipour School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Roudbari
- Neuroscience Research Center, Department of Neurology, Poursina Hospital, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Afshin Dalili
- Razi Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shabani
- Neuroscience Research Center, Neuropharmacology Institute, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Reza Dehpour
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Experimental Medicine Research Center, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Gogos A, Kusljic S, Thwaites SJ, van den Buuse M. Sex differences in psychotomimetic-induced behaviours in rats. Behav Brain Res 2017; 322:157-166. [PMID: 28111261 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Animal model studies using equal numbers of males and females are sparse in psychiatry research. Given the marked sex differences observed in psychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia, using both males and females in research studies is an important requirement. Thus the aim of this study was to examine sex differences in psychotomimetic-induced behavioural deficits relevant to psychosis. We therefore compared the acute effect of amphetamine or phencyclidine on locomotor activity and prepulse inhibition in adult male and female Sprague-Dawley rats. The results of this study were that: (1) amphetamine-induced distance travelled was greater in female rats than in male rats, (2) phencyclidine-induced locomotor hyperactivity was similar in male and female rats; (3) there were no sex differences in amphetamine- or phencyclidine-induced disruption of prepulse inhibition; (4) male rats had an increased startle response after amphetamine. These findings suggest that sensitivity to amphetamine, but not phencyclidine, differs between male and female rats, and that this sex difference is selective to locomotor hyperactivity and startle, but not prepulse inhibition. This study used two widely-used, validated preclinical assays relevant to psychosis; the results of this study have implications for psychiatry research, particularly for disorders where marked sex differences in onset and symptomology are observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Gogos
- Hormones in Psychiatry Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia; Behavioural Neuroscience Laboratory, Mental Health Research Institute, Parkville, Australia.
| | - Snezana Kusljic
- Hormones in Psychiatry Laboratory, The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Melbourne, Australia; Behavioural Neuroscience Laboratory, Mental Health Research Institute, Parkville, Australia; Department of Nursing, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shane J Thwaites
- Behavioural Neuroscience Laboratory, Mental Health Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - Maarten van den Buuse
- Behavioural Neuroscience Laboratory, Mental Health Research Institute, Parkville, Australia; School of Psychology and Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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Rosch KS, Fosco WD, Pelham WE, Waxmonsky JG, Bubnik MG, Hawk LW. Reinforcement and Stimulant Medication Ameliorate Deficient Response Inhibition in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. J Abnorm Child Psychol 2016; 44:309-21. [PMID: 25985978 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-015-0031-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the degree to which reinforcement, stimulant medication, and their combination impact response inhibition in children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Across three studies, participants with ADHD (n = 111, 25 girls) and typically-developing (TD) controls (n = 33, 6 girls) completed a standard version of the stop signal task (SST) and/or a reinforcement-manipulation SST with performance-contingent points. In two of these studies, these tasks were performed under placebo or 0.3 and 0.6 mg/kg methylphenidate (MPH) conditions. Cross-study comparisons were conducted to test hypotheses regarding the separate and combined effects of reinforcement and methylphenidate on response inhibition among children with ADHD relative to TD controls. Baseline response inhibition was worse among children with ADHD compared to controls. MPH produced dose-related improvements in response inhibition in children with ADHD; compared to non-medicated TD controls, 0.3 mg/kg MPH normalized deficient response inhibition, and 0.6 mg/kg MPH resulted in better inhibition in children with ADHD. Reinforcement improved response inhibition to a greater extent for children with ADHD than for TD children, normalizing response inhibition. The combination of MPH and reinforcement improved response inhibition among children with ADHD compared to reinforcement alone and MPH alone, also resulting in normalization of response inhibition despite repeated task exposure. Deficient response inhibition commonly observed in children with ADHD is significantly improved with MPH and/or reinforcement, normalizing inhibition relative to TD children tested under standard conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keri S Rosch
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, SUNY, 206 Park Hall, Box 604110, Buffalo, NY, 14260-4110, USA.
- Kennedy Krieger Institute, 716 North Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21230, USA.
| | - Whitney D Fosco
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, SUNY, 206 Park Hall, Box 604110, Buffalo, NY, 14260-4110, USA
| | - William E Pelham
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, SUNY, 206 Park Hall, Box 604110, Buffalo, NY, 14260-4110, USA
- Center for Children and Families, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - James G Waxmonsky
- Center for Children and Families, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Michelle G Bubnik
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, SUNY, 206 Park Hall, Box 604110, Buffalo, NY, 14260-4110, USA
| | - Larry W Hawk
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, SUNY, 206 Park Hall, Box 604110, Buffalo, NY, 14260-4110, USA.
- Center for Children and Families, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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Aaron RV, Benning SD. Postauricular reflexes elicited by soft acoustic clicks and loud noise probes: Reliability, prepulse facilitation, and sensitivity to picture contents. Psychophysiology 2016; 53:1900-1908. [PMID: 27596354 PMCID: PMC5819592 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The startle blink reflex is facilitated during early picture viewing, then inhibited by attention during pleasant and aversive pictures compared to neutral pictures, and finally potentiated during aversive pictures specifically. However, it is unclear whether the postauricular reflex, which is elicited by the same loud acoustic probe as the startle blink reflex but enhanced by appetitive instead of defensive emotion, has the same pattern and time course of emotional modulation. We examined this issue in a sample of 90 undergraduates using serially presented soft acoustic clicks that elicited postauricular (but not startle blink) reflexes in addition to standard startle probes. Postauricular reflexes elicited by both clicks and probes correlated during food and nurturant contents, during which they were potentiated compared to neutral pictures, suggesting clicks effectively elicit emotionally modulated postauricular reflexes. The postauricular reflex was initially facilitated during the first 500 ms of picture processing but was larger during pleasant than neutral pictures throughout picture processing, with larger effect sizes during the latter half of picture processing. Across reflexes and eliciting stimuli, measures of emotional modulation had higher coefficient alphas than magnitudes during specific picture contents within each valence, indicating that only emotional modulation measures assess higher-order appetitive or defensive processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel V Aaron
- Department of Psychology, College of Arts and Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Stephen D Benning
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
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Abstract
Our 1992 paper, 'The neural substrates of sensorimotor gating of the startle reflex: a review of recent findings and their implications', reviewed a series of (then) new and preliminary findings from cross-species studies of prepulse inhibition of the startle reflex, and commented on their implications. At the time that the report was composed, PubMed listed about 40 citations for studies using the search term 'prepulse inhibition'. In the ensuing 25 years, the field has added about 2700 such reports, reflecting the substantial growth in interest in prepulse inhibition and its utility across a number of different experimental applications. The 30th anniversary of the Journal of Psychopharmacology provides an opportunity to comment briefly on what was described in that 1992 report, how the field has progressed in the subsequent decades, and the paths forward for studies of prepulse inhibition and its use as an operational measure of sensorimotor gating. Among these future paths, we highlight the use of prepulse inhibition as: an endophenotype for genomic studies, and a biomarker for healthy brain circuitry, which may predict sensitivity to psychotherapeutics. Our 1992 report was highly speculative and based on paper-thin empirical data, yet viewed in a certain light, it appears to have contained a basic roadmap for a journey spanning the next 25 years of prepulse inhibition research… and 'what a long, strange trip it's been'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neal R Swerdlow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - David L Braff
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Mark A Geyer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
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Halberstadt AL, Hyun J, Ruderman MA, Powell SB. Effects of the psychotomimetic benzomorphan N-allylnormetazocine (SKF 10,047) on prepulse inhibition of startle in mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2016; 148:69-75. [PMID: 27236030 PMCID: PMC5662292 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2016.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
N-allylnormetazocine (NANM; SKF 10,047) is a benzomorphan opioid that produces psychotomimetic effects. (+)-NANM is the prototypical agonist for the sigma-1 (σ1) receptor, and there is a widespread belief that the hallucinogenic effects of NANM and other benzomorphan derivatives are mediated by interactions with σ1 sites. However, NANM is also an agonist at the κ opioid receptor (KOR) and binds to the PCP site located within the channel pore of the NMDA receptor, interactions that could potentially contribute to the effects of NANM. NMDA receptor antagonists such as phencyclidine (PCP) and ketamine are known to disrupt prepulse inhibition (PPI) of acoustic startle, a measure of sensorimotor gating, in rodents. We recently found that racemic NANM disrupts PPI in rats, but it is not clear whether the effect is mediated by blockade of the NMDA receptor, or alternatively whether interactions with KOR and σ1 receptors are involved. The present studies examined whether NANM and its stereoisomers alter PPI in C57BL/6J mice, and tested whether the effects on PPI are mediated by KOR or σ1 receptors. Racemic NANM produced a dose-dependent disruption of PPI (3-30mg/kg SC). (+)-NANM also disrupted PPI, whereas (-)-NANM was ineffective. Pretreatment with the selective KOR antagonist nor-binaltorphimine (10mg/kg SC) or the selective σ1 antagonist NE-100 (1mg/kg IP) failed to attenuate the reduction in PPI produced by racemic NANM. We also found that the selective KOR agonist (-)-U-50,488H (10-40mg/kg SC) had no effect on PPI. These findings confirm that NANM reduces sensorimotor gating in rodents, and indicate that the effect is mediated by interactions with the PCP receptor and not by activation of KOR or σ1 receptors. This observation is consistent with evidence indicating that the σ1 receptor is not linked to hallucinogenic or psychotomimetic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam L Halberstadt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States; Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States.
| | - James Hyun
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Michael A Ruderman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Susan B Powell
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States; Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, United States
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Morris MJ, Na ES, Autry AE, Monteggia LM. Impact of DNMT1 and DNMT3a forebrain knockout on depressive- and anxiety like behavior in mice. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2016; 135:139-145. [PMID: 27545441 DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
DNA methylation has been shown to impact certain forms of synaptic and behavioral plasticity that have been implicated in the development in psychiatric disorders. DNA methylation is catalyzed by DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) enzymes that continue to be expressed in postmitotic neurons in the forebrain. Using a conditional forebrain knockout of DNMT1 or DNMT3a we assessed the role of these DNMTs in anxiety and depressive-like behavior in mice using an array of behavioral testing paradigms. Forebrain deletion of DNMT1 had anxiolytic and antidepressant-like properties as assessed by elevated plus maze, novelty suppressed feeding, forced swim, and social interaction tests. DNMT3a knockout mice, by contrast, did not exhibit significant behavioral alterations in these tests. Given the putative role of altered DNA methylation patterns in the development of schizophrenia, we also assessed DNMT1 and DNMT3a knockout mice in a prepulse inhibition task and found an enhanced prepulse inhibition of startle in DNMT1 knockouts relative to wild type mice, with no change evident in DNMT3a knockout mice. Our data suggest that DNMT1 and DNMT3a are distinctly involved in affective behavior and that DNMT1 may ultimately represent a potential target for treatment of certain affective behavioral disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Morris
- Department of Psychology and Philosophy, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX 76204, United States; Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-9111, United States
| | - Elisa S Na
- Department of Psychology and Philosophy, Texas Woman's University, Denton, TX 76204, United States; Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-9111, United States
| | - Anita E Autry
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-9111, United States
| | - Lisa M Monteggia
- Department of Neuroscience, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, 75390-9111, United States.
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De la Casa LG, Mena A, Ruiz-Salas JC. Effect of stress and attention on startle response and prepulse inhibition. Physiol Behav 2016; 165:179-86. [PMID: 27484698 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 07/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The startle reflex magnitude can be modulated when a weak stimulus is presented before the onset of the startle stimulus, a phenomenon termed prepulse inhibition (PPI). Previous research has demonstrated that emotional processes can modulate PPI and startle intensity, but the available evidence is inconclusive. In order to obtain additional evidence in this domain, we conducted two experiments intended to analyze the effect of induced stress and attentional load on PPI and startle magnitude. Specifically, in Experiment 1 we used a between subject strategy to evaluate the effect on startle response and PPI magnitude of performing a difficult task intended to induce stress in the participants, as compared to a group exposed to a control task. In Experiment 2 we evaluated the effect of diverting attention from the acoustic stimulus on startle and PPI intensity. The results seem to indicate that induced stress can reduce PPI, and that startle reflex intensity is reduced when attention is directed away from the auditory stimulus that induces the reflex.
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Oliveras I, Sánchez-González A, Piludu MA, Gerboles C, Río-Álamos C, Tobeña A, Fernández-Teruel A. Divergent effects of isolation rearing on prepulse inhibition, activity, anxiety and hippocampal-dependent memory in Roman high- and low-avoidance rats: A putative model of schizophrenia-relevant features. Behav Brain Res 2016; 314:6-15. [PMID: 27478139 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Social isolation of rats induces a constellation of behavioral alterations known as "isolation syndrome" that are consistent with some of the positive and cognitive symptoms observed in schizophrenic patients. In the present study we have assessed whether isolation rearing of inbred Roman high-avoidance (RHA-I) and Roman low-avoidance (RLA-I) strains can lead to the appearance of some of the key features of the "isolation syndrome", such as prepulse inhibition (PPI) deficits, increased anxious behavior, hyperactivity and memory/learning impairments. Compared to RLA-I rats, the results show that isolation rearing (IR) in RHA-I rats has a more profound impact, as they exhibit isolation-induced PPI deficits, increased anxiety, hyperactivity and long-term reference memory deficits, while isolated RLA-I rats only exhibit deficits in a spatial working memory task. These results give further support to the validity of RHA-I rats as a genetically-based model of schizophrenia relevant-symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignasi Oliveras
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Ana Sánchez-González
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Antonietta Piludu
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Section of Pharmaceutical, Pharmacological and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Cristina Gerboles
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristóbal Río-Álamos
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Adolf Tobeña
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Fernández-Teruel
- Medical Psychology Unit, Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, Institute of Neurosciences, Autonomous University of Barcelona 08193-Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.
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Bikovsky L, Hadar R, Soto-Montenegro ML, Klein J, Weiner I, Desco M, Pascau J, Winter C, Hamani C. Deep brain stimulation improves behavior and modulates neural circuits in a rodent model of schizophrenia. Exp Neurol 2016; 283:142-50. [PMID: 27302677 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2016.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is a debilitating psychiatric disorder with a significant number of patients not adequately responding to treatment. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a surgical technique currently investigated for medically-refractory psychiatric disorders. Here, we use the poly I:C rat model of schizophrenia to study the effects of medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and nucleus accumbens (Nacc) DBS on two behavioral schizophrenia-like deficits, i.e. sensorimotor gating, as reflected by disrupted prepulse inhibition (PPI), and attentional selectivity, as reflected by disrupted latent inhibition (LI). In addition, the neurocircuitry influenced by DBS was studied using FDG PET. We found that mPFC- and Nacc-DBS alleviated PPI and LI abnormalities in poly I:C offspring, whereas Nacc- but not mPFC-DBS disrupted PPI and LI in saline offspring. In saline offspring, mPFC-DBS increased metabolism in the parietal cortex, striatum, ventral hippocampus and Nacc, while reducing it in the brainstem, cerebellum, hypothalamus and periaqueductal gray. Nacc-DBS, on the other hand, increased activity in the ventral hippocampus and olfactory bulb and reduced it in the septal area, brainstem, periaqueductal gray and hypothalamus. In poly I:C offspring changes in metabolism following mPFC-DBS were similar to those recorded in saline offspring, except for a reduced activity in the brainstem and hypothalamus. In contrast, Nacc-DBS did not induce any statistical changes in brain metabolism in poly I:C offspring. Our study shows that mPFC- or Nacc-DBS delivered to the adult progeny of poly I:C treated dams improves deficits in PPI and LI. Despite common behavioral responses, stimulation in the two targets induced different metabolic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lior Bikovsky
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ravit Hadar
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Julia Klein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité University Medicine Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ina Weiner
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel; Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Manuel Desco
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Pascau
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain; CIBERSAM, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Bioingeniería e Ingeniería Aeroespacial, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Spain
| | - Christine Winter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Germany.
| | - Clement Hamani
- Behavioural Neurobiology Laboratory, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 250 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 1R8, Canada; Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Canada; Division of Neurosurgery, Toronto Western Hospital, 399 Bathurst Street, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
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Moran LM, Hord LL, Booze RM, Harrod SB, Mactutus CF. The role of sensory modality in prepulse inhibition: An ontogenetic study. Dev Psychobiol 2016; 58:211-22. [PMID: 26415825 PMCID: PMC4937996 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Deficits in prepulse inhibition (PPI), a measure of sensorimotor gating, are observed in neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. Despite the large PPI literature, the majority of studies characteristically employ tests with one interstimulus interval (ISI), of one modality, at one age. In the context of the auditory startle response (ASR), the present study examined (1) the profile for the ontogeny of PPI through adulthood in Long-Evans hooded rats with a reasonably comprehensive ISI function, (2) whether the ontogenetic profile for PPI is sensitive to modality of the prepulse stimulus, as a within-session variable, and (3) whether the maturation of PPI differs for males and females. Despite the basic effect of more pronounced PPI in adult relative to preweanling animals, each sensory modality displayed a unique ontogenetic profile for PPI, without any compelling evidence for major differences between males and females, in accordance with the known temporal course of peripheral and central maturational profiles of sensory systems in the rat. The context for assessing auditory PPI (auditory and tactile vs. auditory and visual prepulses) influenced the overall startle response, i.e., a shift in the height of the entire profile, but did not significantly impact the auditory PPI profile per se. The translational relevance of preclinical sensorimotor assessments to patients with neurodevelopmental and/or neuropsychiatric disorders depends partly on an understanding of the ontogeny of sensorimotor gating in different sensory systems, and can be strengthened with the use of a reasonably comprehensive number of ISIs to provide relatively precise and defined response functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Landhing M Moran
- Department of Psychology, Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208
| | - Lauren L Hord
- Department of Psychology, Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208
| | - Rosemarie M Booze
- Department of Psychology, Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208
| | - Steven B Harrod
- Department of Psychology, Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208
| | - Charles F Mactutus
- Department of Psychology, Program in Behavioral Neuroscience, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, 29208.
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Frau R, Mosher LJ, Bini V, Pillolla G, Pes R, Saba P, Fanni S, Devoto P, Bortolato M. The neurosteroidogenic enzyme 5α-reductase modulates the role of D1 dopamine receptors in rat sensorimotor gating. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2016; 63:59-67. [PMID: 26415119 PMCID: PMC4695380 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2015.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Neurosteroids exert diverse modulatory actions on dopamine neurotransmission and signaling. We previously documented that the enzyme 5α-reductase, which catalyzes the main rate-limiting step in neurosteroid synthesis, is required for the behavioral responses of Sprague-Dawley rats to non-selective dopaminergic agonists, such as the D1-D2 receptor agonist apomorphine. Specifically, systemic and intra-accumbal administrations of the 5α-reductase inhibitor finasteride countered apomorphine-induced deficits of sensorimotor gating, as measured by the prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle reflex; the classes of dopamine receptors involved in these effects, however, remain unknown. Prior rodent studies have revealed that the contributions of dopamine receptors to PPI regulation vary depending on the genetic background; thus, we analyzed the effect of finasteride on the PPI deficits induced by selective dopamine receptor agonists in Long-Evans (a strain exhibiting PPI deficits in response to both D1 and D2 receptor agonists) and Sprague-Dawley rats (which display PPI reductions following treatment with D2, and D3, but not D1 receptor agonists). In Long-Evans rats, finasteride opposed the PPI deficits induced by activation of D1, but not D2 receptors; conversely, in Sprague-Dawley rats, finasteride prevented the reductions in %PPI and accumbal dopamine extracellular levels caused by selective stimulation of D3, but not D2 receptors; however, the effects on %PPI were not confirmed by analyses on absolute PPI values. Our findings suggest that 5α-reductase modulates the effects of D1, but not D2 receptor agonists on sensorimotor gating. These data may help elucidate the role of neurosteroids in neuropsychiatric disorders featuring PPI deficits, including schizophrenia and Tourette syndrome.
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MESH Headings
- 3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase/metabolism
- 5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Animals
- Dopamine Agonists/pharmacology
- Finasteride/pharmacology
- Male
- Microdialysis
- Nucleus Accumbens/drug effects
- Nucleus Accumbens/metabolism
- Prepulse Inhibition/drug effects
- Prepulse Inhibition/physiology
- Rats
- Rats, Long-Evans
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/drug effects
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/drug effects
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine D3/drug effects
- Receptors, Dopamine D3/metabolism
- Reflex, Startle/drug effects
- Reflex, Startle/physiology
- Sensory Gating/drug effects
- Sensory Gating/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Frau
- "Guy Everett" Laboratory, Dept. of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy; Tourette Syndrome Center, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Laura J Mosher
- Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA; Consortium for Translational Research on Aggression and Drug Abuse (ConTRADA), University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA; Problem Gambling Research Studies (ProGResS) Network, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Valentina Bini
- "Guy Everett" Laboratory, Dept. of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy; Tourette Syndrome Center, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giuliano Pillolla
- "Guy Everett" Laboratory, Dept. of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Romina Pes
- "Guy Everett" Laboratory, Dept. of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy; Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| | - Pierluigi Saba
- "Guy Everett" Laboratory, Dept. of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Silvia Fanni
- "Guy Everett" Laboratory, Dept. of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Paola Devoto
- "Guy Everett" Laboratory, Dept. of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Italy; Tourette Syndrome Center, University of Cagliari, Italy
| | - Marco Bortolato
- Tourette Syndrome Center, University of Cagliari, Italy; Dept. of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA; Consortium for Translational Research on Aggression and Drug Abuse (ConTRADA), University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA; Problem Gambling Research Studies (ProGResS) Network, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA.
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Wakabayashi C, Numakawa T, Ooshima Y, Hattori K, Kunugi H. Possible role of the dopamine D1 receptor in the sensorimotor gating deficits induced by high-fat diet. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:4393-400. [PMID: 26359228 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-015-4068-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE High-fat diet (HFD) has been recently reported to induce sensorimotor gating deficits, but the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to determine whether HFD induces long-lasting deficits in sensorimotor gating and to examine the involvement of altered dopamine (DA) function. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were fed HFD for 10 weeks and then normal diet (ND) for 4 weeks. DA D2 receptor (D2R) knockout (KO) mice were also fed HFD for 10 weeks. The mice were evaluated for prepulse inhibition (PPI) of acoustic startle after HFD and the subsequent 4-week ND. We evaluated the effect of SCH23390, a D1 receptor (D1R) antagonist, on PPI and measured protein expression levels of D1R and D2R in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in HFD mice. The concentrations of monoamines and their metabolites in the cortices of 10-week HFD or ND mice were measured using high performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS Long-term HFD-induced PPI disruption in WT and D2R KO mice. Even after 4 weeks of subsequent ND, PPI remained to be disrupted. SCH23390 mitigated the PPI disruption. In HFD animals, D1R protein expression in the PFC was significantly decreased, while DA, homovanillic acid, and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid levels in the cortex were increased. CONCLUSION This is the first evidence that HFD can induce long-lasting deficits in sensorimotor gating through alteration of cortical levels of DA and its metabolites. Our data suggest that HFD-induced PPI deficits are related to altered D1R signaling and that D1R antagonists may have therapeutic effects on the deficits.
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MESH Headings
- 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid/metabolism
- Animals
- Benzazepines/pharmacology
- Diet, High-Fat
- Dopamine/metabolism
- Dopamine Antagonists/pharmacology
- Homovanillic Acid/metabolism
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Prefrontal Cortex/drug effects
- Prefrontal Cortex/metabolism
- Prepulse Inhibition/drug effects
- Prepulse Inhibition/physiology
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Dopamine D1/metabolism
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/genetics
- Receptors, Dopamine D2/metabolism
- Reflex, Startle/drug effects
- Reflex, Startle/physiology
- Sensory Gating/drug effects
- Sensory Gating/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Chisato Wakabayashi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Neuroscience, 4-1-1, Ogawa-higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Tadahiro Numakawa
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Neuroscience, 4-1-1, Ogawa-higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Ooshima
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Neuroscience, 4-1-1, Ogawa-higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Kotaro Hattori
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Neuroscience, 4-1-1, Ogawa-higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kunugi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, National Institute of Neuroscience, 4-1-1, Ogawa-higashi, Kodaira, Tokyo, 187-8502, Japan.
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