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Lak M, Jafarpour A, Shahrbaf MA, Lak M, Dolatshahi B. The effect of physical exercise on cognitive function in schizophrenia patients: A GRADE assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. Schizophr Res 2024; 271:81-90. [PMID: 39013348 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical exercise has demonstrated the potential to improve cognitive impairment in schizophrenia, although the results are limited. The objective of this meta-analysis is to synthesize the existing evidence on the impact of physical exercise on cognitive functions in schizophrenia. METHODS A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase was conducted. The study included controlled clinical trials on patients with schizophrenia that received physical exercise as the intervention for improving cognition. A meta-analysis was conducted using a random-effects model, and the outcomes were reported using the standardized mean difference (SMD) and a 95 % confidence interval (95 % CI). RESULTS A total of 22 articles, including 1066 patients (565 in the intervention group and 501 in the control group), were included in the final analysis. Physical exercises significantly improved global cognition (SMD: 0.73, 95 % CI (0.46-1.00), P < 0.001), and aerobic exercise was found to have a more significant effect than resistance and mindfulness exercise (SMD: 0.76, 95 % CI (0.45-1.07), P < 0.001). The speed of processing [SMD: 0.88, 95 % CI (0.37-1.38), P = 0.001], attention [SMD: 0.61, 95 % CI (0.20-1.02), P = 0.004], and visual learning memory [SMD: 1.42, 95 % CI (0.14-2.71), P = 0.03] demonstrated significant improvement after physical exercise, while no significant effects were observed on working memory, verbal learning memory, reasoning and problem-solving, and social cognition. CONCLUSIONS Exercise can improve overall cognitive function in people with Schizophrenia. However, it is unclear whether this improvement is significant in specific cognitive domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadmahdi Lak
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Psychosis Research Center, University of Social welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Atefeh Jafarpour
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Psychosis Research Center, University of Social welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Mohammadyasin Lak
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Sport Sciences Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrooz Dolatshahi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Chang KT, Goh KK, Latthirun K, Yang CT. The effect of exercise on cognition and clinical symptoms of patients with schizophrenia: A systematic review of randomized controlled trial. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2024; 283:255-304. [PMID: 38538191 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2024.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Physical activity has been viewed as a potential non-pharmacological therapeutic strategy to improve the clinical symptoms and neurocognitive deficits in patients with schizophrenia. However, there are various types of physical activities, and different exercise prescriptions might produce inconsistent benefits. Thus, this study aimed to conduct a systematic review of exercise interventions for patients with schizophrenia, clarifying the benefits of these interventions on cognitive function and clinical symptoms. This review encompasses six electronic databases, with inclusion criteria including randomized controlled trial designs, participants with schizophrenia, and a comprehensive exercise intervention program. Twenty-seven studies met the inclusion criteria, incorporating data from 1549 patients with schizophrenia. The results highlight that when comparing the exercise intervention group to the non-intervention control group, patients with schizophrenia showed significant improvement in negative symptoms. Structured exercise interventions can help improve the negative symptoms of schizophrenia, filling the gaps where medication falls short. Regarding functional outcomes, exercise interventions aid in enhancing the overall functionality (psychological, social, occupational) of individuals with schizophrenia. The improvement is largely tied to the boost in physical fitness that exercise provides. Based on current findings, exercise interventions assist in enhancing cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia. Notably, significant improvements are observed in higher-order cognitive functions, including processing speed, attention, and working memory. It is recommended to engage in moderate-intensity exercises at least three times a week, with each session lasting a minimum of 30min. Well-structured exercise interventions contribute to enhancing the negative symptoms and cognitive functions in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Tang Chang
- International Doctoral Program in Principles and Implications of Mind Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Kah Kheng Goh
- Department of Psychiatry, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Psychiatric Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; The Innovative and Translational Research Center for Brain Consciousness, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kanthika Latthirun
- International Doctoral Program in Principles and Implications of Mind Science, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Ta Yang
- Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Health and Biotechnology Law, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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3
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Han YMY, Chan MMY, Choi CXT, Law MCH, Ahorsu DK, Tsang HWH. The neurobiological effects of mind-body exercise: a systematic review and meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10948. [PMID: 37415072 PMCID: PMC10326064 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37309-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The neurobiological effects of mind-body exercise on brain activation, functional neural connections and structural changes in the brain remain elusive. This systematic review and coordinate-based meta-analysis investigated the changes in resting-state and task-based brain activation, as well as structural brain changes before and after mind-body exercise compared to waitlist or active controls based on published structural or functional magnetic resonance imaging randomized controlled trials or cross-sectional studies. Electronic database search and manual search in relevant publications yielded 34 empirical studies with low-to-moderate risk of bias (assessed by Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials or Joanna Briggs Institute's critical appraisal checklist for analytical cross-sectional studies) that fulfilled the inclusion criteria, with 26 studies included in the narrative synthesis and 8 studies included in the meta-analysis. Coordinate-based meta-analysis showed that, while mind-body exercise enhanced the activation of the left anterior cingulate cortex within the default mode network (DMN), it induced more deactivation in the left supramarginal gyrus within the ventral attention network (uncorrected ps < 0.05). Meta-regression with duration of mind-body practice as a factor showed that, the activation of right inferior parietal gyrus within the DMN showed a positive association with increasing years of practice (voxel-corrected p < 0.005). Although mind-body exercise is shown to selectively modulate brain functional networks supporting attentional control and self-awareness, the overall certainty of evidence is limited by small number of studies. Further investigations are needed to understand the effects of both short-term and long-term mind-body exercise on structural changes in the brain.PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021248984.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne M Y Han
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Melody M Y Chan
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Coco X T Choi
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Maxwell C H Law
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Daniel Kwasi Ahorsu
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Special Education and Counselling, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hector W H Tsang
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Saviola F, Deste G, Barlati S, Vita A, Gasparotti R, Corbo D. The Effect of Physical Exercise on People with Psychosis: A Qualitative Critical Review of Neuroimaging Findings. Brain Sci 2023; 13:923. [PMID: 37371403 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13060923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, genuine motor abnormalities have been recognized as prodromal and predictive signs of psychosis onset and progression. Therefore, physical exercise could represent a potentially relevant clinical tool in promoting the reshaping of neural connections in motor circuitry. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the literature on neuroimaging findings as a result of physical treatment in psychosis cohorts. Twenty-one studies, all research articles, were included and discussed in this narrative review. Here, we first outlined how the psychotic brain is susceptible to structural plastic changes after aerobic physical training in pathognomic brain areas (i.e., temporal, hippocampal and parahippocampal regions). Secondly, we focused on functional changes, both region-specific and in terms of connections, to gain insights into the involvement of distant but inter-related neural regions in the plastic process occurring after treatment. Third, we attempted to bridge neural plastic changes occurring after physical interventions with clinical and cognitive outcomes of psychotic patients in order to assess the relevance of such neural reshaping in the psychiatric rehabilitation field. In conclusion, we suggest that the current state of the art is presenting physical intervention as effective in promoting neural changes for patients with psychosis; it is not only useful at the onset of the pathology but also in improving the course of the illness and its functional outcome. However, more evidence is needed to improve our knowledge of the efficacy of physical exercise in plastically reorganizing the psychotic brain in the long term, especially within regions lacking specific investigations, such as motor circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Saviola
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Giacomo Deste
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefano Barlati
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Antonio Vita
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- Department of Mental Health and Addiction Services, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberto Gasparotti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- Neuroradiology Unit, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Daniele Corbo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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Karamacoska D, Butt A, Leung IHK, Childs RL, Metri NJ, Uruthiran V, Tan T, Sabag A, Steiner-Lim GZ. Brain function effects of exercise interventions for cognitive decline: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1127065. [PMID: 37260849 PMCID: PMC10228832 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1127065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Exercise is recognized as a modifiable lifestyle factor that can mitigate cognitive decline and dementia risk. While the benefits of exercise on cognitive aging have been reported on extensively, neuronal effects in adults experiencing cognitive decline have not been systematically synthesized. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the effects of exercise on cognition and brain function in people with cognitive decline associated with dementia risk. Method A systematic search was conducted for randomized controlled trials of ≥ 4 weeks exercise (aerobic, resistance, or mind-body) that assessed cognition and brain function using neuroimaging and neurophysiological measures in people with subjective or objective cognitive decline. Study characteristics and brain function effects were narratively synthesized, while domain-specific cognitive performance was subjected to meta-analysis. Study quality was also assessed. Results 5,204 records were identified and 12 unique trials met the eligibility criteria, representing 646 adults classified with cognitive frailty, mild or vascular cognitive impairment. Most interventions involved 40-minute sessions conducted 3 times/week. Exercise improved global cognition (g = -0.417, 95% CI, -0.694 to -0.140, p = 0.003, I2 = 43.56%), executive function (g = -0.391, 95% CI, -0.651 to -0.131, p = 0.003, I2 = 13.28%), but not processing speed or general short-term memory (both p >0.05). Across fMRI and ERP studies, significant neuronal adaptations were found with exercise cf. control throughout the brain and were linked with improved global cognition, memory, and executive function. Cerebral blood flow was also found to improve with 24 weeks of exercise, but was not linked with cognitive changes. Discussion The cognitive improvements associated with exercise are likely driven by increased metabolic activity, cerebrovascular mechanisms, and neuroplasticity throughout the brain. Our paper shows the promise in, and need for, high-quality trials integrating cognitive and brain function measures to elucidate the functional relationship between exercise and brain health in populations with a high risk of dementia. Systematic review registration PROSPERO, identifier: CRD42022291843.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Karamacoska
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Ali Butt
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Isabella H. K. Leung
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Ryan L. Childs
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Najwa-Joelle Metri
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Vithya Uruthiran
- School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
| | - Tiffany Tan
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Angelo Sabag
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Discipline of Exercise and Sport Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Genevieve Z. Steiner-Lim
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
- Translational Health Research Institute (THRI), Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
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Oliva HNP, Monteiro-Junior RS, Oliva IO, Powers AR. Effects of exercise intervention on psychotic symptoms: A meta-analysis and hypothetical model of neurobiological mechanisms. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 125:110771. [PMID: 37075881 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
There is conflicting evidence on the efficacy of exercise as intervention for psychosis. This article aims to analyze the effect of exercise on psychotic symptoms. A database search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, ScienceDirect, EBSCO and Cochrane CENTRAL, based on a protocol (PROSPERO: CRD42022326944). Papers available by March 2023 assessing exercise interventions in psychotic patients were included. A significant improvement was found in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) positive symptoms (MD = -0.75 [-1.35, -0.15], p = 0.01), with large effect sizes for PANSS-negative and general symptoms (-2.14 [-3.36, -0.92]) and (-2.53 [-3.15, -1.91]), respectively. Heterogeneity was high among studies, 49 and 73% for PANSS-positive and negative symptoms, and low, 0%, for general symptoms. It was hypothesized that functioning of specific brain areas, such as the temporal lobe and hippocampus, may underlie the improvement seen with exercise. Based on neuroimaging/neurophysiology studies, we propose a neurobiological model accounting for the association between exercise and psychotic symptom improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique N P Oliva
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine and the Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA; Graduate Program of Health Sciences, State University of Montes Claros (UNIMONTES), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Renato S Monteiro-Junior
- Graduate Program of Health Sciences, State University of Montes Claros (UNIMONTES), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Isabela O Oliva
- School of Medicine, Centro Universitario FIPMoc (UNIFIPMoc), Montes Claros, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Albert R Powers
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine and the Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Bhatara VS, Daniel J, Whitman C, Vik T, Bernstein B, Simkin DR. Complementary/Integrative Medicine Treatment and Prevention of Youth Psychosis. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2023; 32:273-296. [PMID: 37147040 DOI: 10.1016/j.chc.2022.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
The rationale for CIM treatments in youth psychoses is to optimize treatment by targeting symptoms not resolved by antipsychotics, such as negative symptoms (major drivers of disability). Adjunctive omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3 FA) or N-acetyl cystine (NAC usage for > 24-week) can potentially reduce negative symptoms and improve function. ω-3 FA or exercise may prevent progression to psychosis in youth (in prodromal stage). Weekly 90-minute moderate to vigorous physical activity or aerobic exercise can reduce positive and negative symptoms. Awaiting better research, CIM agents are also recommended because they are devoid of any serious side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod S Bhatara
- Department of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, University of South Dakota, Sanford School of Medicine, 2601 W Nicole Drive, Sioux Falls, SD 57105-3329, USA.
| | - Jeremy Daniel
- South Dakota State University, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, Avera Behavioral Health
| | - Carol Whitman
- University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Tamara Vik
- University of South Dakota Sanford School of Medicine, Sioux Falls, SD, USA
| | - Bettina Bernstein
- Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Clinical Affiliate Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Deborah R Simkin
- Department of Psychiatry, Emory University School of Medicine, 8955 Highway 98 West, Suite 204, Miramar Beach, FL 32550, USA
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McEwen SC, Jarrahi B, Ventura J, Subotnik KL, Nguyen J, Woo SM, Nuechterlein KH. A combined exercise and cognitive training intervention induces fronto-cingulate cortical plasticity in first-episode psychosis patients. Schizophr Res 2023; 251:12-21. [PMID: 36527955 PMCID: PMC11245316 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Schizophrenia (SZ) is characterized by neurobiological and associated cognitive and functional deficits, including pronounced cortical thinning, that lead to acute and long-term functional impairment. Research with older adults supports the role of non-pharmacological interventions, such as exercise (E) and cognitive training (CT), for cognitive impairments. This literature influenced the development of combined CT&E treatments for individuals with SZ. However, the impact of longer combined treatment duration (6 months) on neuroanatomy has yet to be explored in patients in the early course of the illness. The impact of adding exercise to cognitive training for key brain regions associated with higher-order cognition was examined here using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in first-episode psychosis (FEP) patients. METHODS UCLA Aftercare Research Program patients with a recent first episode of schizophrenia were randomly assigned to either combined cognitive and exercise training (CT&E) (N = 20) or cognitive training alone (CT) (N = 17) intervention. Cortical thickness was measured longitudinally and analyzed for two regions of interest using FreeSurfer. RESULTS Compared to patients in the CT group, those in the CT&E group demonstrated an increase in cortical thickness within the left anterior cingulate cortex over the six-month treatment period (ACC: F(1, 35) = 4.666, P < .04). Directional tendencies were similar in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC: F(1,35) = 4.132, P < .05). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that exercise and cognitive training may synergistically increase fronto-cingulate cortical thickness to mitigate progressive neural atrophy in the early course of SZ. This combined intervention appears to be a valuable adjunct to standard pharmacologic treatment in FEP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C McEwen
- Pacific Brain Health Center, Pacific Neuroscience Institute, Santa Monica, CA, 90404, United States of America; atai Life Sciences, San Diego, CA, 92130, United States of America; Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States of America
| | - B Jarrahi
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States of America; Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, United States of America
| | - J Ventura
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States of America
| | - K L Subotnik
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States of America
| | - J Nguyen
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States of America
| | - S M Woo
- Graduate School of Education & Psychology, Pepperdine University, Los Angeles, CA 90045, United States of America
| | - K H Nuechterlein
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States of America; Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States of America.
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Dutta A, Aruchunan M, Mukherjee A, Metri KG, Ghosh K, Basu-Ray I. A Comprehensive Review of Yoga Research in 2020. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE AND COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE 2022; 28:114-123. [PMID: 35099279 DOI: 10.1089/jicm.2021.0420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Accumulated evidence garnered in the last few decades has highlighted the role of yoga in health and disease. The overwhelming mortality and morbidity mediated by noncommunicable epidemics such as heart disease and cancer have fostered a search for mechanisms to attenuate them. Despite overwhelming success in acute care, the efficacy of modern medicines has been limited on this front. Yoga is one of the integrative therapies that has come to light as having a substantial role in preventing and mitigating such disorders. It thus seems trite to analyze and discuss the research advancements in yoga for 2020. The present review attempts to distill recent research highlights from voluminous literature generated in 2020. Methods: This review was conducted on the articles published or assigned to an issue in 2020. The authors searched the PubMed database for clinical studies published in the English language, using yoga (including meditation) as the intervention, and having an adequate description of the intervention. Then, they extracted data from each study into a standardized Google sheet. Results: A total of 1149 citations were retrieved in the initial search. Of these, 46 studies met eligibility criteria and were finally included. The studies were predominantly on mental health and neuropsychology, addressing various issues such as anxiety, postural balance, migraine, academic performance, and childhood neglect. Anxiety, stress, and depression were other common denominators. Eight studies were on cardiorespiratory systems, including exercise capacity, cardiac rehabilitation, myocardial infarction, and hypertension. Three studies were on diabetes, evaluating the effect of yoga. Five studies focused on cognition, health status, and autonomic regulation and few others included cancers, infertility, ulcerative colitis, urinary incontinence, restless leg syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, chronic pain, and metabolic syndrome. Finally, most studies were on noncommunicable diseases with one exception, human immunodeficiency virus; two randomized controlled trials were dedicated to it. Conclusions: Yoga has been studied under a wide variety of clinicopathological conditions in the year 2020. This landscape review intends to provide an idea of the role of yoga in various clinical conditions and its future therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Dutta
- Advanced Yoga Research Council, AAYM, Germantown, TN, USA
| | - Mooventhan Aruchunan
- Department of Research, Government Yoga and Naturopathy Medical College, Chennai, India
| | | | | | - Kuntal Ghosh
- Department of Yoga, Manipur University, Imphal, India
| | - Indranill Basu-Ray
- Department of Cardiology, Memphis VA Medical Center, Memphis, TN, USA
- School of Public Health, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
- Integrative Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, India
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