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Rocca P, Brasso C, Montemagni C, Del Favero E, Bellino S, Bozzatello P, Giordano GM, Caporusso E, Fazio L, Pergola G, Blasi G, Amore M, Calcagno P, Rossi R, Rossi A, Bertolino A, Galderisi S, Maj M. The relationship between the resting state functional connectivity and social cognition in schizophrenia: Results from the Italian Network for Research on Psychoses. Schizophr Res 2024; 267:330-340. [PMID: 38613864 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2024.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Deficits in social cognition (SC) interfere with recovery in schizophrenia (SZ) and may be related to resting state brain connectivity. This study aimed at assessing the alterations in the relationship between resting state functional connectivity and the social-cognitive abilities of patients with SZ compared to healthy subjects. We divided the brain into 246 regions of interest (ROI) following the Human Healthy Volunteers Brainnetome Atlas. For each participant, we calculated the resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) in terms of degree centrality (DC), which evaluates the total strength of the most powerful coactivations of every ROI with all other ROIs during rest. The rs-DC of the ROIs was correlated with five measures of SC assessing emotion processing and mentalizing in 45 healthy volunteers (HVs) chosen as a normative sample. Then, controlling for symptoms severity, we verified whether these significant associations were altered, i.e., absent or of opposite sign, in 55 patients with SZ. We found five significant differences between SZ patients and HVs: in the patients' group, the correlations between emotion recognition tasks and rsFC of the right entorhinal cortex (R-EC), left superior parietal lobule (L-SPL), right caudal hippocampus (R-c-Hipp), and the right caudal (R-c) and left rostral (L-r) middle temporal gyri (MTG) were lost. An altered resting state functional connectivity of the L-SPL, R-EC, R-c-Hipp, and bilateral MTG in patients with SZ may be associated with impaired emotion recognition. If confirmed, these results may enhance the development of non-invasive brain stimulation interventions targeting those cerebral regions to reduce SC deficit in SZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Rocca
- Department of Neuroscience 'Rita Levi Montalcini', University of Turin, Via Cherasco, 15, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Claudio Brasso
- Department of Neuroscience 'Rita Levi Montalcini', University of Turin, Via Cherasco, 15, 10126 Turin, Italy.
| | - Cristiana Montemagni
- Department of Neuroscience 'Rita Levi Montalcini', University of Turin, Via Cherasco, 15, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Elisa Del Favero
- Department of Neuroscience 'Rita Levi Montalcini', University of Turin, Via Cherasco, 15, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Silvio Bellino
- Department of Neuroscience 'Rita Levi Montalcini', University of Turin, Via Cherasco, 15, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Bozzatello
- Department of Neuroscience 'Rita Levi Montalcini', University of Turin, Via Cherasco, 15, 10126 Turin, Italy
| | - Giulia Maria Giordano
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Largo Madonna Delle Grazie, 1, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Edoardo Caporusso
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Largo Madonna Delle Grazie, 1, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Leonardo Fazio
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Policlinico, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, LUM University, Strada Statale 100, 70010 Casamassima (BA), Italy
| | - Giulio Pergola
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Policlinico, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Blasi
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Policlinico, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Mario Amore
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Pietro Calcagno
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal and Child Health, Section of Psychiatry, University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo, 3, 16132 Genoa, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Rossi
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio - Coppito, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy; Policlinico Tor Vergata, Viale Oxford, 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rossi
- Section of Psychiatry, Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, via Vetoio - Coppito, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Alessandro Bertolino
- Department of Basic Medical Science, Neuroscience and Sense Organs, University of Bari 'Aldo Moro', Policlinico, Piazza G. Cesare, 11, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Silvana Galderisi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Largo Madonna Delle Grazie, 1, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Mario Maj
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Campania 'Luigi Vanvitelli', Largo Madonna Delle Grazie, 1, 80138 Naples, Italy
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Mihaljevic M, Chang YH, Witmer AM, Coughlin JM, Schretlen DJ, Barker PB, Yang K, Sawa A. Reduction of N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) in association with relapse in early-stage psychosis: a 7-Tesla MRS study. SCHIZOPHRENIA (HEIDELBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 10:29. [PMID: 38429320 PMCID: PMC10907360 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-024-00451-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the biological underpinning of relapse could improve the outcomes of patients with psychosis. Relapse is elicited by multiple reasons/triggers, but the consequence frequently accompanies deteriorations of brain function, leading to poor prognosis. Structural brain imaging studies have recently been pioneered to address this question, but a lack of molecular investigations is a knowledge gap. Following a criterion used for recent publications by others, we defined the experiences of relapse by hospitalization(s) due to psychotic exacerbation. We hypothesized that relapse-associated molecules might be underscored from the neurometabolites whose levels have been different between overall patients with early-stage psychosis and healthy subjects in our previous report. In the present study, we observed a significant decrease in the levels of N-acetyl aspartate in the anterior cingulate cortex and thalamus in patients who experienced relapse compared to patients who did not. Altogether, decreased N-acetyl aspartate levels may indicate relapse-associated deterioration of neuronal networks in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Mihaljevic
- Departments of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yu-Ho Chang
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ashley M Witmer
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer M Coughlin
- Departments of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David J Schretlen
- Departments of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter B Barker
- Departments of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kun Yang
- Departments of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Akira Sawa
- Departments of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Departments of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Departments of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Departments of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Departments of Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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3
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Zaleskiewicz T, Traczyk J, Sobkow A, Fulawka K, Megías-Robles A. Visualizing risky situations induces a stronger neural response in brain areas associated with mental imagery and emotions than visualizing non-risky situations. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1207364. [PMID: 37795209 PMCID: PMC10546025 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1207364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In an fMRI study, we tested the prediction that visualizing risky situations induces a stronger neural response in brain areas associated with mental imagery and emotions than visualizing non-risky and more positive situations. We assumed that processing mental images that allow for "trying-out" the future has greater adaptive importance for risky than non-risky situations, because the former can generate severe negative outcomes. We identified several brain regions that were activated when participants produced images of risky situations and these regions overlap with brain areas engaged in visual, speech, and movement imagery. We also found that producing images of risky situations, in contrast to non-risky situations, was associated with increased neural activation in the insular cortex and cerebellum-the regions involved, among other functions, in emotional processing. Finally, we observed an increased BOLD signal in the cingulate gyrus associated with reward-based decision making and monitoring of decision outcomes. In summary, risky situations increased neural activation in brain areas involved in mental imagery, emotional processing, and decision making. These findings imply that the evaluation of everyday risky situations may be driven by emotional responses that result from mental imagery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Zaleskiewicz
- Faculty of Psychology in Wrocław, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jakub Traczyk
- Faculty of Psychology in Wrocław, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Agata Sobkow
- Faculty of Psychology in Wrocław, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Kamil Fulawka
- Faculty of Psychology in Wrocław, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Wrocław, Poland
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Mihaljevic M, Lam M, Ayala-Grosso C, Davis-Batt F, Schretlen DJ, Ishizuka K, Yang K, Sawa A. Olfactory neuronal cells as a promising tool to realize the "druggable genome" approach for drug discovery in neuropsychiatric disorders. Front Neurosci 2023; 16:1081124. [PMID: 36967982 PMCID: PMC10038100 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1081124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
"Druggable genome" is a novel concept that emphasizes the importance of using the information of genome-wide genetic studies for drug discovery and development. Successful precedents of "druggable genome" have recently emerged for some disorders by combining genomic and gene expression profiles with medical and pharmacological knowledge. One of the key premises for the success is the good access to disease-relevant tissues from "living" patients in which we may observe molecular expression changes in association with symptomatic alteration. Thus, given brain biopsies are ethically and practically difficult, the application of the "druggable genome" approach is challenging for neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, to fill this gap, we propose the use of olfactory neuronal cells (ONCs) biopsied and established via nasal biopsy from living subjects. By using candidate genes that were proposed in a study in which genetic information, postmortem brain expression profiles, and pharmacological knowledge were considered for cognition in the general population, we addressed the utility of ONCs in the "druggable genome" approach by using the clinical and cell resources of an established psychosis cohort in our group. Through this pilot effort, we underscored the chloride voltage-gated channel 2 (CLCN2) gene as a possible druggable candidate for early-stage psychosis. The CLCN2 gene expression was associated with verbal memory, but not with other dimensions in cognition, nor psychiatric manifestations (positive and negative symptoms). The association between this candidate molecule and verbal memory was also confirmed at the protein level. By using ONCs from living subjects, we now provide more specific information regarding molecular expression and clinical phenotypes. The use of ONCs also provides the opportunity of validating the relationship not only at the RNA level but also protein level, leading to the potential of functional assays in the future. Taken together, we now provide evidence that supports the utility of ONCs as a tool for the "druggable genome" approach in translational psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Mihaljevic
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Max Lam
- IMH Neuropsychiatric Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore, Singapore
- Population and Global Health, LKC Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
- Neurogenomic Biomarkers Laboratory, Zucker Hillside Hospital, Glen Oaks, NY, United States
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Carlos Ayala-Grosso
- Unit of Cellular Therapy, Centre of Experimental Medicine, Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Cientificas IVIC, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - Finn Davis-Batt
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - David J. Schretlen
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Koko Ishizuka
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Akira Sawa
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
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5
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Saiz-Masvidal C, Contreras F, Soriano-Mas C, Mezquida G, Díaz-Caneja CM, Vieta E, Amoretti S, Lobo A, González-Pinto A, Janssen J, Sagué-Vilavella M, Castro-Fornieles J, Bergé D, Bioque M, Lois NG, Parellada M, Bernardo M. Structural covariance predictors of clinical improvement at 2-year follow-up in first-episode psychosis. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 120:110645. [PMID: 36181960 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between structural brain alterations and prediction of clinical improvement in first-episode psychosis (FEP) has been scarcely studied. We investigated whether structural covariance, a well-established approach to identify abnormal patterns of volumetric correlation across distant brain regions, which allows incorporating network-level information to structural assessments, is associated with longitudinal clinical course. We assessed a sample of 74 individuals from a multicenter study. Magnetic resonance imaging scans were acquired at baseline, and clinical assessments at baseline and at a 2-year follow-up. Participants were split in two groups as a function of their clinical improvement after 2 years (i.e., ≥ < 40% reduction in psychotic symptom severity, (n = 29, n = 45)). We performed a seed-based approach and focused our analyses on 3 cortical and 4 subcortical regions of interest to identify alterations in cortical and cortico-subcortical networks. Improvers presented an increased correlation between the volumes of the right posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and the left precentral gyrus, and between the left PCC and the left middle occipital gyrus. They also showed an increased correlation between right posterior hippocampus and left angular gyrus volumes. Our study provides a novel mean to identify structural correlates of clinical improvement in FEP, describing clinically-relevant anatomical differences in terms of large-scale brain networks, which is better aligned with prevailing neurobiological models of psychosis. The results involve brain regions considered to participate in the multisensory processing of bodily signals and the construction of bodily self-consciousness, which resonates with recent theoretical accounts in psychosis research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Saiz-Masvidal
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Contreras
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carles Soriano-Mas
- Department of Psychiatry, Bellvitge University Hospital, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Barcelona, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Social Psychology and Quantitative Psychology, University of Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Gisela Mezquida
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Barcelona Clínic Schizophrenia Unit (BCSU), Neuroscience Institute, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Foundations, Pharmacology Unit, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Covadonga M Díaz-Caneja
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón and School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduard Vieta
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Clinical Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Silvia Amoretti
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Barcelona Clínic Schizophrenia Unit (BCSU), Neuroscience Institute, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Clinical Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addictions, Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Lobo
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Medicine and Psychiatry, Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Ana González-Pinto
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Bioaraba (BIOARABA), Vitoria, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario de Alava, Vitoria, Spain; Universidad del País Vasco/ Euskal Harriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), País Vasco, Spain
| | - Joost Janssen
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón and School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Sagué-Vilavella
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Bipolar and Depressive Disorders Unit, Clinical Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josefina Castro-Fornieles
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychology, 2017SGR881, Institut Clínic de Neurociències, Hospital Clínic Universitari, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Bergé
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Institute of Neuropsychiatry and Addiction of the Barcelona MAR Health Park, Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine and Life Sciences, Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miquel Bioque
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Barcelona Clínic Schizophrenia Unit (BCSU), Neuroscience Institute, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noemi G Lois
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón and School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mara Parellada
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón and School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Bernardo
- Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain; Barcelona Clínic Schizophrenia Unit (BCSU), Neuroscience Institute, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Clinical Foundations, Pharmacology Unit, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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6
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Dabiri M, Dehghani Firouzabadi F, Yang K, Barker PB, Lee RR, Yousem DM. Neuroimaging in schizophrenia: A review article. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1042814. [PMID: 36458043 PMCID: PMC9706110 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1042814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review article we have consolidated the imaging literature of patients with schizophrenia across the full spectrum of modalities in radiology including computed tomography (CT), morphologic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), positron emission tomography (PET), and magnetoencephalography (MEG). We look at the impact of various subtypes of schizophrenia on imaging findings and the changes that occur with medical and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) therapy. Our goal was a comprehensive multimodality summary of the findings of state-of-the-art imaging in untreated and treated patients with schizophrenia. Clinical imaging in schizophrenia is used to exclude structural lesions which may produce symptoms that may mimic those of patients with schizophrenia. Nonetheless one finds global volume loss in the brains of patients with schizophrenia with associated increased cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) volume and decreased gray matter volume. These features may be influenced by the duration of disease and or medication use. For functional studies, be they fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET), rs-fMRI, task-based fMRI, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) or MEG there generally is hypoactivation and disconnection between brain regions. However, these findings may vary depending upon the negative or positive symptomatology manifested in the patients. MR spectroscopy generally shows low N-acetylaspartate from neuronal loss and low glutamine (a neuroexcitatory marker) but glutathione may be elevated, particularly in non-treatment responders. The literature in schizophrenia is difficult to evaluate because age, gender, symptomatology, comorbidities, therapy use, disease duration, substance abuse, and coexisting other psychiatric disorders have not been adequately controlled for, even in large studies and meta-analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Dabiri
- Department of Radiology, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Kun Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Molecular Psychiatry Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Peter B. Barker
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Roland R. Lee
- Department of Radiology, UCSD/VA Medical Center, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - David M. Yousem
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institution, Baltimore, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: David M. Yousem,
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7
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Kondo MA, Norris AL, Yang K, Cheshire M, Newkirk I, Chen X, Ishizuka K, Jaffe AE, Sawa A, Pevsner J. Dysfunction of mitochondria and GABAergic interneurons in the anterior cingulate cortex of individuals with schizophrenia. Neurosci Res 2022; 185:67-72. [PMID: 36162734 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2022.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Here we re-analyze RNA-sequencing data from the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) of SZ patients using recent methods to improve accuracy and sensitivity of results, such as the quality surrogate variable analysis (qSVA) method and the derfinder R package. We found that genes significantly down-regulated in SZ demonstrated an enrichment for parvalbumin-positive interneurons (FDR < 0.0001). Down-regulated genes were also enriched in oxidative phosphorylation functions (FDR < 0.05). We also addressed whether lifetime exposure to antipsychotics might influence gene expression, highlighting DUSP6, LBH, and NR1D1. Our results support the role of redox imbalance/mitochondrial dysfunction and implicate interneuron subtypes in SZ pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari A Kondo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, the United States of America
| | - Alexis L Norris
- Department of Neurology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, the United States of America; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, the United States of America; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, the United States of America
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, the United States of America
| | - Madeline Cheshire
- Department of Neurology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, the United States of America
| | - Isabelle Newkirk
- Department of Neurology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, the United States of America
| | - Xiangning Chen
- Nevada Institute of Personalized Medicine and Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV, the United States of America
| | - Koko Ishizuka
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, the United States of America
| | - Andrew E Jaffe
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Johns Hopkins Medical Campus, Baltimore, MD, the United States of America; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, the United States of America
| | - Akira Sawa
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, the United States of America; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, the United States of America; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, the United States of America; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, the United States of America; Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, the United States of America; Department of Pharmacology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, the United States of America
| | - Jonathan Pevsner
- Department of Neurology, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, the United States of America; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, the United States of America; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, the United States of America.
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Jaaro-Peled H, Landek-Salgado MA, Cascella NG, Nucifora FC, Coughlin JM, Nestadt G, Sedlak TW, Lavoie J, De Silva S, Lee S, Tajinda K, Hiyama H, Ishizuka K, Yang K, Sawa A. Sex-specific involvement of the Notch-JAG pathway in social recognition. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:99. [PMID: 35273151 PMCID: PMC8913639 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-01867-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Under the hypothesis that olfactory neural epithelium gene expression profiles may be useful to look for disease-relevant neuronal signatures, we examined microarray gene expression in olfactory neuronal cells and underscored Notch-JAG pathway molecules in association with schizophrenia (SZ). The microarray profiling study underscored JAG1 as the most promising candidate. Combined with further validation with real-time PCR, downregulation of NOTCH1 was statistically significant. Accordingly, we reverse-translated the significant finding from a surrogate tissue for neurons, and studied the behavioral profile of Notch1+/- mice. We found a specific impairment in social novelty recognition, whereas other behaviors, such as sociability, novel object recognition and olfaction of social odors, were normal. This social novelty recognition deficit was male-specific and was rescued by rapamycin treatment. Based on the results from the animal model, we next tested whether patients with psychosis might have male-specific alterations in social cognition in association with the expression of NOTCH1 or JAG1. In our first episode psychosis cohort, we observed a specific correlation between the expression of JAG1 and a face processing measure only in male patients. The expression of JAG1 was not correlated with any other cognitive and symptomatic scales in all subjects. Together, although we acknowledge the pioneering and exploratory nature, the present work that combines both human and animal studies in a reciprocal manner suggests a novel role for the Notch-JAG pathway in a behavioral dimension(s) related to social cognition in psychotic disorders in a male-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Jaaro-Peled
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Melissa A. Landek-Salgado
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Nicola G. Cascella
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Frederick C. Nucifora
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Jennifer M. Coughlin
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Gerald Nestadt
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Thomas W. Sedlak
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Joelle Lavoie
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Sarah De Silva
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Somin Lee
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Katsunori Tajinda
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Hideki Hiyama
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Koko Ishizuka
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Kun Yang
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205 USA
| | - Akira Sawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. .,Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. .,Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA. .,Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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Etyemez S, Narita Z, Mihaljevic M, Ishizuka K, Kamath V, Yang K, Sawa A. Olfactory dysfunction and face processing of social cognition in first-episode psychosis. Neurosci Res 2021; 176:79-84. [PMID: 34655664 DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2021.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Olfactory functional deficits have been reported in psychotic disorders. Olfactory dysfunction has a predictive value for prognosis and disease course. Thus, it is important to know which specific symptoms and cognitive changes are associated with olfactory dysfunction in early-stage psychosis. Deficits in social cognition are a difficult problem in psychosis. Here we conduct a detailed assessment of odor function and face processing and show that odor discrimination capacity is specifically associated with face processing function in patients with first episode psychosis. This finding indicates that the high-throughput olfactory assessment may aid a prediction of the difficult clinical dimension from early-stage psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semra Etyemez
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Zui Narita
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Marina Mihaljevic
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Koko Ishizuka
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Vidyulata Kamath
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Kun Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Akira Sawa
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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