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Nivetha N, Shukla PS, Nori SS, Kumar S, Suryanarayan S. A red seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii-based biostimulant (AgroGain ®) improves the growth of Zea mays and impacts agricultural sustainability by beneficially priming rhizosphere soil microbial community. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1330237. [PMID: 38646629 PMCID: PMC11027899 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1330237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The overuse of chemical-based agricultural inputs has led to the degradation of soil with associated adverse effects on soil attributes and microbial population. This scenario leads to poor soil health and is reportedly on the rise globally. Additionally, chemical fertilizers pose serious risks to the ecosystem and human health. In this study, foliar sprays of biostimulant (AgroGain/LBS6) prepared from the cultivated, tropical red seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii increased the phenotypic growth of Zea mays in terms of greater leaf area, total plant height, and shoot fresh and dry weights. In addition, LBS6 improved the accumulation of chlorophyll a and b, total carotenoids, total soluble sugars, amino acids, flavonoids, and phenolics in the treated plants. LBS6 applications also improved the total bacterial and fungal count in rhizospheric soil. The V3-V4 region of 16S rRNA gene from the soil metagenome was analyzed to study the abundance of bacterial communities which were increased in the rhizosphere of LBS6-treated plants. Treatments were found to enrich beneficial soil bacteria, i.e., Proteobacteria, especially the classes Alphaproteobacteria, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteriota, Verrucomicrobiota, Chloroflexi, and Acidobacteriota and several other phyla related to plant growth promotion. A metagenomic study of those soil samples from LBS6-sprayed plants was correlated with functional potential of soil microbiota. Enrichment of metabolisms such as nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorous, plant defense, amino acid, co-factors, and vitamins was observed in soils grown with LBS6-sprayed plants. These results were further confirmed by a significant increase in the activity of soil enzymes such as urease, acid phosphatase, FDAse, dehydrogenase, catalase, and biological index of fertility in the rhizosphere of LBS6-treated corn plant. These findings conclude that the foliar application of LBS6 on Z. mays improves and recruits beneficial microbes and alters soil ecology in a sustainable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pushp Sheel Shukla
- Research and Development Division, Sea6 Energy Private Limited, Centre for Cellular and Molecular Platforms, NCBS-TIFR Campus, Bengaluru, India
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Shrivas VL, Choudhary AK, Shidture S, Rambia A, Hariprasad P, Sharma A, Sharma S. Organic amendments modulate the crop yield and rhizospheric bacterial community diversity: a 3-year field study with Cajanus cajan. Int Microbiol 2024; 27:477-490. [PMID: 37500936 DOI: 10.1007/s10123-023-00396-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Excessive use of chemicals to enhance soil nutrient status and crop yield has resulted in a decline in soil health. Organic farming promotes organic amendments, which help to balance the ecosystem. Understanding the dynamic patterns of belowground microbial populations is essential for developing sustainable agricultural systems. Therefore, the study was designed to evaluate the effect of different agri-practices on rhizospheric bacterial diversity and crop yield in an Indian agricultural system. A 3-year field experiment was set up in a randomized block design using Cajanus cajan as a model crop, comparing conventional farming with organic practice (with animal manure and bio-compost as amendments). Plant and rhizospheric soil samples were collected at the harvest stage for assessing various growth attributes, and for characterizing rhizospheric bacterial diversity. Enhanced crop productivity was seen in conventional farming, with a 2.2-fold increase in grain yield over control. However, over the 3 years, an overall positive impact was observed in the bio-compost-based organic amendment, in terms of bacterial abundance, over other treatments. At the harvest stage of the third cropping season, the bacterial diversity in the organic treatments showed little similarity to the initial bacterial community composition of the amendment applied, indicating stabilization along the growth cycles. The study emphasizes the significance of the choice of the amendment for ushering in agricultural sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Laxmi Shrivas
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Anil K Choudhary
- Division of Agronomy, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
- ICAR-Central Potato Research Institute, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, 171001, India
| | - Shubham Shidture
- National Centre for Microbial Resource, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, 411021, India
| | - Aayushi Rambia
- National Centre for Microbial Resource, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, 411021, India
| | - P Hariprasad
- Centre for Rural Development and Technology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Avinash Sharma
- National Centre for Microbial Resource, National Centre for Cell Science, Pune, 411021, India.
| | - Shilpi Sharma
- Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, 110016, India.
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Ferreira PFA, Rocha FI, Howe A, Barbosa DR, da Conceição Jesus E, do Amaral Sobrinho NMB, da Silva Coelho I. Chemical attributes, bacterial community, and antibiotic resistance genes are affected by intensive use of soil in agro-ecosystems of the Atlantic Forest, Southeastern Brazil. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:123. [PMID: 38483669 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-01894-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Soil is one of the largest reservoirs of microbial diversity in nature. Although soil management is vital for agricultural purposes, intensive practices can have a significant impact on fertility, microbial community, and resistome. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of an intensive soil management system on the chemical attributes, composition and structure of prevalent bacterial communities, and presence and abundance of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs). The chemical characterization, bacterial diversity and relative abundance of ARGs were evaluated in soils from areas of intensive vegetable cultivation and forests. Results indicate that levels of nutrients and heavy metals were higher in soil samples from cultivated areas. Similarly, greater enrichment and diversity of bacterial genera was detected in agricultural areas. Of the 18 target ARGs evaluated, seven were detected in studied soils. The oprD gene exhibited the highest abundance among the studied genes and was the only one that showed a significantly different prevalence between areas. The oprD gene was identified only from soil of the cultivated areas. The blaSFO, erm(36), oprD and van genes, in addition to the pH, showed greater correlation with in soil of cultivated areas, which in turn exhibited higher contents of nutrients. Thus, in addition to changes in chemical attributes and in the microbial community of the soil, intensive agricultural cultivation systems cause a modification of its resistome, reinforcing the importance of the study of antimicrobial resistance in a One Health approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Fernanda Alves Ferreira
- Departament of Soil, Institute of Agronomy, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, 23897-970, Brazil
| | - Fernando Igne Rocha
- Mokichi Okada Research Center, Korin Agriculture and Environment, Ipeúna, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adina Howe
- Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Daniele Rodrigues Barbosa
- Departament of Soil, Institute of Agronomy, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, 23897-970, Brazil
| | - Ederson da Conceição Jesus
- Embrapa Agrobiology, Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, 23891-000, Brazil
| | | | - Irene da Silva Coelho
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Veterinary Institute, Federal Rural University of Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Rio de Janeiro, 23897-970, Brazil.
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Vaish S, Soni SK, Singh B, Garg N, Zareen Ahmad I, Manoharan M, Trivedi AK. Meta-analysis of biodynamic (BD) preparations reveal the bacterial population involved in improving soil health, crop yield and quality. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2024; 22:100345. [PMID: 38494258 PMCID: PMC10980875 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgeb.2023.100345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bacterial community found in biodynamic preparations (BD500-BD507) can help improve soil health, plant development, yield, and quality. The current work describes a metagenomic investigation of these preparations to identify the bacterial communities along with the functional diversity present within them. RESULTS Metagenome sequencing was performed using the Illumina MiSeq platform, which employs next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology, to provide an understanding of the bacterial communities and their functional diversity in BD preparations. NGS data of BD preparations revealed that maximum operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of the phylum Proteobacteria were present in BD506 (23429) followed by BD505 (22712) and BD501 (21591), respectively. Moreover, unclassified phylum (16657) and genus (16657) were also highest in BD506. Maximum alpha diversity was reported in BD501 (1095 OTU) and minimum in BD507 (257 OTU). Further, the OTUs for five major metabolic functional groups viz carbohydrate metabolism, xenobiotic degradation, membrane transport functions, energy metabolism, and enzyme activities were abundant in BD506 and BD501. CONCLUSION The bacterial communities in BD506 and BD501 are found to be unique and rare; they belong to functional categories that are involved in enzyme activity, membrane transport, xenobiotic degradation, and carbohydrate metabolism. These preparations might therefore be thought to be more effective. The investigation also found a highly varied population of bacteria, which could explain why BD preparations work well in the field. In view of this, the BD preparations may be utilized for unexploited bacterial communities for sustainable agriculture production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supriya Vaish
- Division of Post Harvest Management, ICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Rehmankhera, P.O. Kakori, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226101, India
| | - Sumit K Soni
- Division of Crop Improvement and Biotechnology, ICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Rehmankhera, P.O. Kakori, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226101, India.
| | - Balvindra Singh
- Division of Post Harvest Management, ICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Rehmankhera, P.O. Kakori, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226101, India
| | - Neelima Garg
- Division of Post Harvest Management, ICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Rehmankhera, P.O. Kakori, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226101, India.
| | - Iffat Zareen Ahmad
- Department of Bioengineering, Integral University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226026, India
| | - Muthukumar Manoharan
- Division of Crop Improvement and Biotechnology, ICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Rehmankhera, P.O. Kakori, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226101, India
| | - Ajaya Kumar Trivedi
- Division of Post Harvest Management, ICAR-Central Institute for Subtropical Horticulture, Rehmankhera, P.O. Kakori, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226101, India
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Abbaszade G, Toumi M, Farkas R, Vajna B, Krett G, Dobosy P, Szabó C, Tóth E. Exploring the relationship between metal(loid) contamination rate, physicochemical conditions, and microbial community dynamics in industrially contaminated urban soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 897:166094. [PMID: 37582445 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Increasing metal(loid) contamination in urban soils and its impact on soil microbial community have attracted considerable attention. In the present study, the physicochemical parameters and the effects of twelve metal(loid) pollution on soil microbial diversity, their ecotoxic effects, and human health risk assessment in urban soils with different industrial background were studied in comparison with an unpolluted forest soil sample. Results showed that urban soils were highly contaminated, and metal(loid) contamination significantly influenced structure of the soil microbial communities. In all samples the bacterial community was dominated by Proteobacteria, and on the level of phyla characteristic differences were not possible to observe between polluted and control sampling sites. However, clear differences emerged at class and genus level, where several rare taxa disappeared from contaminated urban soils. Simper test results showed that there is 71.6 % bacterial OTU and 9.5 % bacterial diversity dissimilarity between polluted and control samples. Ratio of Patescibacteria, Armatimonadetes, Chlamydiae, Fibrobacteres, and Gemmatimonadetes indicated a significant (p < 0.05) positive correlation with soil Zn, Cr, Pb, Sn, Cu, Mn content, suggest that metal(loid)s strongly influence the structure of microbial community. In contrast, the presence of metal(loid) contamination in urban soils has been found to significantly reduce the population of Archaeal communities. This can be attributed to the depletion of organic matter caused by contamination that reached a minimum of 0.5 m/m% for nitrate and 0.9 m/m% for total organic carbon. The values of urban soil pH were close to neutral, ranging from 5.9 to 8.3. The findings of ecotoxicology test are alarming, as all the studied urban soil sites were cytotoxic to soil microorganisms, and in one site metal(loid) contamination reached genotoxic level. Moreover, all the metal(loid) contaminated sites pose severe and persistent health risk to children, highlighting the urgent need for effective measures to mitigate metal(loid) pollution in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gorkhmaz Abbaszade
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary; Lithosphere Fluid Research Lab, Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Marwene Toumi
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rózsa Farkas
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Vajna
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gergely Krett
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Péter Dobosy
- Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Centre for Ecological Research, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Szabó
- Lithosphere Fluid Research Lab, Institute of Geography and Earth Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Erika Tóth
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biology, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
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Khan S, Han C, Iqbal A, Guan C, Zhao C. Impact of Elevational Gradients and Chemical Parameters on Changes in Soil Bacterial Diversity Under Semiarid Mountain Region. J Microbiol 2023; 61:903-915. [PMID: 37995085 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-023-00085-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Elevation gradients, often regarded as "natural experiments or laboratories", can be used to study changes in the distribution of microbial diversity related to changes in environmental conditions that typically occur over small geographical scales. We obtained bacterial sequences using MiSeq sequencing and clustered them into operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The total number of reads obtained by the bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing analysis was 1,090,555, with an average of approximately 45,439 reads per sample collected from various elevations. The current study observed inconsistent bacterial diversity patterns in samples from the lowest to highest elevations. 983 OTUs were found common among all the elevations. The most unique OTUs were found in the soil sample from elevation_2, followed by elevation_1. Soil sample collected at elevation_6 had the least unique OTUs. Actinobacteria, Protobacteria, Chloroflexi were found most abundant bacterial phyla in current study. Ammonium nitrogen (NH4+-N), and total phosphate (TP) are the main factors influencing bacterial diversity at elevations_1. pH was the main factor influencing the bacterial diversity at elevations_2, elevation_3 and elevation_4. Our results provide new visions on forming and maintaining soil microbial diversity along an elevational gradient and have implications for microbial responses to environmental change in semiarid mountain ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salman Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
- Gansu Provincial Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Mountain Ecosystems, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Han
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
- Gansu Provincial Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Mountain Ecosystems, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Awais Iqbal
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
- Gansu Provincial Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Mountain Ecosystems, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China
| | - Changming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
- Gansu Provincial Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Mountain Ecosystems, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, People's Republic of China.
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Li YJ, Shi YT, Zhao LZ, Li YF, Wang JP, Li JK. Study of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons accumulation in bioretention facilities and its influence on microbial community structure. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:100165-100187. [PMID: 37632615 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-29365-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Bioretention facilities are one of the most widely used measures for urban stormwater control and utilization. In this study, the accumulation characteristics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in bioretention facilities and the effects of PAHs on the structure of microbial communities were explored by combining on-site monitoring and water distribution simulation experiments. The correlation between pollutant accumulation and dominant microorganisms in the bioretention systems was also clarified. The results showed that all 16 priority PAHs were detected in the bioretention facilities in the sponge city pilot area. The PAH concentrations in the soil during the non-rainy season were higher than those in the rainy season and medium- and high-ring PAHs dominated. PAHs in the study area were mainly derived from coal and biomass combustion. The potential carcinogenic risk of PAHs accumulated in the bioretention facilities in the study area was low. The microbial diversity during the non-rainy season was greater than that during the rainy season. Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Bacteroides, and Massilia were strongly correlated with naphthalene (NAP), pyrene (PYR), fluoranthene (FLT), and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP). According to the results of the small-scale water distribution test, the addition of PAHs had little effect on the decline in water quantity, and there was no significant regularity in the reduction of water quality including TP, NH4+-N, NO3-N, and TN. The addition of PAHs had a significant effect on the microbial community structure and an inhibitory effect on enzyme activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Jiao Li
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Yan-Ting Shi
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Ling-Zhi Zhao
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Ya-Fang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China
| | - Jia-Ping Wang
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an, 710054, China
| | - Jia-Ke Li
- State Key Laboratory of Eco-hydraulics in Northwest Arid Region of China, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, China.
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Asghar I, Ahmed M, Farooq MA, Ishtiaq M, Arshad M, Akram M, Umair A, Alrefaei AF, Jat Baloch MY, Naeem A. Characterizing indigenous plant growth promoting bacteria and their synergistic effects with organic and chemical fertilizers on wheat ( Triticum aestivum). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1232271. [PMID: 37727857 PMCID: PMC10505817 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1232271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
The excessive use of chemical fertilizers is deteriorating both the environment and soil, making it a big challenge faced by sustainable agriculture. To assist the efforts for the solution of this burning issue, nine different potential native strains of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) namely, SA-1(Bacillus subtilis), SA-5 (Stenotrophomonas humi),SA-7(Azospirillum brasilense), BH-1(Azospirillum oryzae), BH-7(Azotobacter armeniacus), BH-8(Rhizobium pusense), BA-3(Azospirillum zeae), BA-6(Rhizobium pusense), and BA-7(Pseudomonas fragi) were isolated that were characterized morphologically, biochemically and molecularly on the basis of 16S rRNA sequencing. Furthermore, the capability of indigenous PGPB in wheat (Triticum aestivum, Chakwal-50) under control, DAP+FYM, SA-1,5,7, BH-1,7,8, BA-3,6,7, DAP+ FYM + SA-1,5,7, DAP+FYM+ BH-1,7,8 and DAP+FYM+ BA-3,6,7 treatments was assessed in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The results of the study showed that there was a significant increase in plant growth, nutrients, quality parameters, crop yield, and soil nutrients at three depths under SA-1,5,7, BH-1,7,8, and BA-3,6,7 in combination with DAP+FYM. Out of all these treatments, DAP+ FYM + BA-3,6,7 was found to be the most efficient for wheat growth having the highest 1000-grain weight of 55.1 g. The highest values for plant height, no. of grains/spike, spike length, shoot length, root length, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, 1000 grain weight, biological yield, and economic yield were found to be 90.7 cm, 87.7 cm, 7.20 cm, 53.5 cm, 33.5 cm, 4.87 g, 1.32 g, 55.1 g, 8209 kg/h, and 4572 kg/h, respectively, in the DAP+FYM+BA treatment. The DAP+FYM+BA treatment had the highest values of TN (1.68 µg/mL), P (0.38%), and K (1.33%). Likewise, the value of mean protein (10.5%), carbohydrate (75%), lipid (2.5%), and available P (4.68 ppm) was also highest in the DAP+FYM+BA combination. C:P was found to be significantly highest (20.7) in BA alone but was significantly lowest (11.9) in DAP+FYM+BA. Hence, the integration of strains BA-3, BA-5, and BA-7 in fertilizers can be regarded as the most suitable choice for agricultural growth in the sub-mountainous lower region of AJK. This could serve as the best choice for sustainable wheat growth and improved soil fertility with lesser impacts on the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israr Asghar
- Department of Biotechnology, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mirpur, Pakistan
| | - Maqsood Ahmed
- Department of Biotechnology, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Mirpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ansar Farooq
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ishtiaq
- Department of Botany, Mirpur University of Science and Technology (MUST), Bhimber, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Arshad
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Umair
- Department of Agriculture, Research wing, Soil and Water Testing Laboratory, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Aamna Naeem
- Institute of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan
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Humate application alters microbiota-mineral interactions and assists in pasture dieback recovery. Heliyon 2023; 9:e13327. [PMID: 36755593 PMCID: PMC9900373 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pasture dieback is a rapidly expanding decaying pasture syndrome that affects millions of hectares of agricultural land in Queensland, Australia, making it useless for the cattle industry and decimating farmers' income and welfare. Since the syndrome was first identified in the early 1990s, farmers and agronomists have tried various methods for pasture recovery, including slashing, burning, ploughing and resowing grass, fertilising, destocking, and overstocking. In most cases, after a minimal initial improvement, the grass reverts to dieback within a few weeks. Here, we present an application of potassium humate, a well-known plant growth stimulator, as a possible long-term recovery option. Humate was applied once at the rate of 12 ml per m2. Humate application did not alter the alpha or beta diversity of soil bacterial communities, nor did it change the mineral profile in the soil. However, humate application altered soil microbiota-mineral temporal interactions and introduced subtle changes in the microbial community that could assist pasture recovery. A single humate application increased paddock plant biomass significantly up to 20 weeks post-application. Eleven months after the single application, the paddock was grazed to the ground by the cattle just before the rainfall season. After pasture regrowth, the humate-treated plots significantly improved root morphometric indicators for both grass and dicots and increased the ratio of grass/weeds by 27.6% compared to the water-treated control. While this treatment will not resolve the dieback syndrome, our results invite more research to optimise the use of humate for maximum economic benefit in paddock use under pasture dieback syndrome conditions.
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Okolo CC, Gebresamuel G, Zenebe A, Haile M, Orji JE, Okebalama CB, Eze CE, Eze E, Eze PN. Soil organic carbon, total nitrogen stocks and CO 2 emissions in top- and subsoils with contrasting management regimes in semi-arid environments. Sci Rep 2023; 13:1117. [PMID: 36670181 PMCID: PMC9860075 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28276-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate soil organic carbon (SOC) and total nitrogen (TN) contents and stocks, CO2 emissions and selected soil properties in croplands, grazing lands, exclosures and forest lands of semi-arid Ethiopia. Sampling was done at 0-30, 30-60 and 60-90 cm soil depths and concentration and stocks of SOC, TN and selected soil properties were determined using standard routine laboratory procedures. There were variations in distribution of SOC and TN stock over 90 cm depth across land use types and locations, decreasing from topsoils to subsoil, with average values ranging from 48.68 Mg C ha-1 and 4.80 Mg N ha-1 in Hugumburda cropland to 303.53 Mg C ha-1 and 24.99 Mg N ha-1 in Desa'a forest respectively. Forest sequestered significant higher SOC and TN stock, decreasing with depth, compared with other land use types. In Desa'a and Hugumburda, the conversion of forest to cropland resulted in a total loss of SOC stock of 9.04 Mg C ha-1 and 2.05 Mg C ha-1, respectively, and an increase in CO2 emission of 33.16 Mg C ha-1 and 7.52 Mg C ha-1 yr-1, respectively. The establishment of 10 years (Geregera) and 6 years (Haikihelet) exclosures on degraded grazing land increased SOC stock by 13% and 37% respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chukwuebuka C. Okolo
- grid.30820.390000 0001 1539 8988Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, P. O. Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia ,grid.30820.390000 0001 1539 8988Institute of Climate and Society, Mekelle University, P. O. Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia ,grid.411903.e0000 0001 2034 9160Department of Natural Resources Management, Jimma University, P. O. Box 378, Jimma, Ethiopia ,grid.10392.390000 0001 2190 1447Department of Geoscience, Geo-Biosphere Interaction Group, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany ,grid.448573.90000 0004 1785 2090Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Private Bag 16, Palapye, Botswana
| | - Girmay Gebresamuel
- grid.30820.390000 0001 1539 8988Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, P. O. Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Amanuel Zenebe
- grid.30820.390000 0001 1539 8988Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, P. O. Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia ,grid.30820.390000 0001 1539 8988Institute of Climate and Society, Mekelle University, P. O. Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Mitiku Haile
- grid.30820.390000 0001 1539 8988Department of Land Resources Management and Environmental Protection, Mekelle University, P. O. Box 231, Mekelle, Ethiopia
| | - Jephter E. Orji
- Department of Agriculture, Alex Ekwueme Federal University Ndufu-Alike, Ikwo, Nigeria
| | - Chinyere B. Okebalama
- grid.10757.340000 0001 2108 8257Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nsukka, Nigeria ,grid.5570.70000 0004 0490 981XRuhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Chinedu E. Eze
- grid.442668.a0000 0004 1764 1269Department of Agronomy, Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Nigeria ,grid.438006.90000 0001 2296 9689Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Panama City, Panama
| | - Emmanuel Eze
- grid.7700.00000 0001 2190 4373Faculty of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, Institute of Geography, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.461780.c0000 0001 2264 5158Department of Geography ‑ Research Group for Earth Observation (rgeo), UNESCO Chair On World Heritage & Biosphere Reserve Observation and Education, University of Education Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.10757.340000 0001 2108 8257Geographical and Environmental Education Unit, Department of Social Science Education, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Nigeria
| | - Peter N. Eze
- grid.448573.90000 0004 1785 2090Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Botswana International University of Science and Technology, Private Bag 16, Palapye, Botswana
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11
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Kenya E, Kinyanjui G, Kipnyargis A, Kinyua F, Mwangi M, Khamis F, Mwirichia R. Amplicon-based assessment of bacterial diversity and community structure in three tropical forest soils in Kenya. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11577. [PMID: 36411924 PMCID: PMC9674510 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Forest soils provide a multitude of habitats for diverse communities of bacteria. In this study, we selected three tropical forests in Kenya to determine the diversity and community structure of soil bacteria inhabiting these regions. Kakamega and Irangi are rainforests, whereas Gazi Bay harbors mangrove forests. The three natural forests occupy different altitudinal zones and differ in their environmental characteristics. Soil samples were collected from a total of 12 sites and soil physicochemical parameters for each sampling site were analyzed. We used an amplicon-based Illumina high-throughput sequencing approach. Total community DNA was extracted from individual samples using the phenol-chloroform method. The 16S ribosomal RNA gene segment spanning the V4 region was amplified using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Diversity indices, rarefaction curves, hierarchical clustering, principal component analysis (PCA), and non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analyses were performed in R software. A total of 13,410 OTUs were observed at 97% sequence similarity. Bacterial communities were dominated by Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, and Acidobacteria in both rainforest and mangrove sampling sites. Alpha diversity indices and species richness were higher in Kakamega and Irangi rainforests compared to mangroves in Gazi Bay. The composition of bacterial communities within and between the three forests was also significantly differentiated (R = 0.559, p = 0.007). Clustering in both PCA and NMDS plots showed that each sampling site had a distinct bacterial community profile. The NMDS analysis also indicated that soil EC, sodium, sulfur, magnesium, boron, and manganese contributed significantly to the observed variation in the bacterial community structure. Overall, this study demonstrated the presence of diverse taxa and heterogeneous community structures of soil bacteria inhabiting three tropical forests of Kenya. Our results also indicated that variation in soil chemical parameters was the major driver of the observed bacterial diversity and community structure in these forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eucharia Kenya
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Embu, P. O. Box 6-60100, Embu, Kenya
| | - Grace Kinyanjui
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Embu, P. O. Box 6-60100, Embu, Kenya
| | - Alex Kipnyargis
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Embu, P. O. Box 6-60100, Embu, Kenya
| | - Franklin Kinyua
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Embu, P. O. Box 6-60100, Embu, Kenya
| | - Mary Mwangi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kenyatta University, P. O. Box 43844-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Fathiya Khamis
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), P. O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Romano Mwirichia
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Embu, P. O. Box 6-60100, Embu, Kenya
- Corresponding author.
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12
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Evidence of virulence and antibiotic resistance genes from the microbiome mapping in minimally processed vegetables producing facilities. Food Res Int 2022; 162:112202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Influence of Nutrients and the Native Community on E. coli Survival in the Beach Environment. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0104322. [PMID: 36218359 PMCID: PMC9642020 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01043-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous research has identified E. coli populations that persist in freshwater beach sand distinct from fecal pollution events. This work identifies factors that influence the survival of E. coli in sand using laboratory microcosms to replicate beach conditions. Microcosms were deployed to examine the effect of genetic background, competition with native microbial community, and increased nutrient concentrations on E. coli survival. Survival was comparable between the phylotypes B1 and B2, however, deficiency of stress response greatly reduced survival. In the absence of the native community under nutrient conditions comparable to those observed in sand, E. coli cell densities remained within an order of magnitude of initial concentrations after 5 weeks of incubation. Increased nitrogen was associated with decreased decay rates in the first 2 weeks, and increased carbon appeared to provide an advantage at later time points. However, the highest survival was found with the addition of both carbon and nitrogen. Native sand seeded with fresh Cladophora maintained higher concentrations of E. coli, compared to sand containing decayed Cladophora or no Cladophora. Our findings demonstrate persistent E. coli populations in sand can be affected by the availability of carbon and nitrogen, the ability to regulate stress, and the presence of algal mats (i.e., Cladophora). Further, this work suggests that the native microbial communities may modulate survival by outcompeting E. coli for nutrients. IMPORTANCE Current monitoring for fecal pollution does not account for persistent E. coli populations in freshwater sand, which can result in higher concentrations in water when no threat to human health is present. This work examined the drivers for persistent E. coli populations in sand to aid beach management techniques. We examined the influence of nutrients, including localized sources such as stranded Cladophora, on E. coli populations. We found the major determinant of E. coli survival in freshwater beach sand was the addition of nutrients, specifically carbon and nitrogen concentrations 10-fold higher than baseline concentrations on beaches. This work provides the framework for identifying pollution sources that can promote E. coli survival in sand through the characterization of carbon and nitrogen content, which can be incorporated into beach management techniques. Through this improved knowledge, we can begin to understand E. coli fluctuations in water due to resuspension from sand into water.
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Abdullah NS, Doni F, Ooi CK, Mispan MS, Saiman MZ, Mohd Yusuf Y, Mohd Suhaimi NS. The diversity of rhizospheric bacterial communities associated with Trichoderma-treated rice fields. Lett Appl Microbiol 2022; 75:1645-1650. [PMID: 36073093 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Microbial-based fertilizer has been widely used as a healthier and better alternative to agrochemical products. However, the effects of biofertilizers on the rhizospheric microbiota has rarely been investigated. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of symbiotic fungus Trichoderma asperellum SL2-based inoculant on the soil bacterial population through next generation sequencing using a metabarcoding approach. The treatments plots were treated with T. asperellum SL2 spore suspension, while the control plots were treated with sterilized distilled water. The results showed similar bacterial microbiome profiles in the soil of control and T. asperellum SL2-treated plots. In conclusion, the application of the T. asperellum SL2 inoculant had not exerted negative impact towards the bacterial population as similar observation was reflected in control plots. Nonetheless, future research should be conducted to investigate the effects of repeated application of T. asperellum SL2 over a longer period on the rice microbiota communities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Febri Doni
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jatinangor 45363, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Chua Kah Ooi
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Muhamad Shakirin Mispan
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.,Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zuwairi Saiman
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.,Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Yusmin Mohd Yusuf
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.,Centre for Foundation Studies in Science, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Shamsinah Mohd Suhaimi
- Centre for Research in Biotechnology for Agriculture (CEBAR), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia.,Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
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15
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Radziemska M, Gusiatin MZ, Cydzik-Kwiatkowska A, Blazejczyk A, Kumar V, Kintl A, Brtnicky M. Effect of Biochar on Metal Distribution and Microbiome Dynamic of a Phytostabilized Metalloid-Contaminated Soil Following Freeze-Thaw Cycles. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15113801. [PMID: 35683097 PMCID: PMC9181493 DOI: 10.3390/ma15113801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In the present paper the effectiveness of biochar-aided phytostabilization of metal/metalloid-contaminated soil under freezing-thawing conditions and using the metal tolerating test plant Lolium perenne L. is comprehensively studied. The vegetative experiment consisted of plants cultivated for over 52 days with no exposure to freezing-thawing in a glass greenhouse, followed by 64 days under freezing-thawing in a temperature-controlled apparatus and was carried out in initial soil derived from a post-industrial urban area, characterized by the higher total content of Zn, Pb, Cu, Cr, As and Hg than the limit values included in the classification provided by the Regulation of the Polish Ministry of Environment. According to the substance priority list published by the Toxic Substances and Disease Registry Agency, As, Pb, and Hg are also indicated as being among the top three most hazardous substances. The initial soil was modified by biochar obtained from willow chips. The freeze-thaw effect on the total content of metals/metalloids (metal(-loid)s) in plant materials (roots and above-ground parts) and in phytostabilized soils (non- and biochar-amended) as well as on metal(-loid) concentration distribution/redistribution between four BCR (community bureau of reference) fractions extracted from phytostabilized soils was determined. Based on metal(-loid)s redistribution in phytostabilized soils, their stability was evaluated using the reduced partition index (Ir). Special attention was paid to investigating soil microbial composition. In both cases, before and after freezing-thawing, biochar increased plant biomass, soil pH value, and metal(-loid)s accumulation in roots, and decreased metal(-loid)s accumulation in stems and total content in the soil, respectively, as compared to the corresponding non-amended series (before and after freezing-thawing, respectively). In particular, in the phytostabilized biochar-amended series after freezing-thawing, the recorded total content of Zn, Cu, Pb, and As in roots substantially increased as well as the Hg, Cu, Cr, and Zn in the soil was significantly reduced as compared to the corresponding non-amended series after freezing-thawing. Moreover, exposure to freezing-thawing itself caused redistribution of examined metal(-loid)s from mobile and/or potentially mobile into the most stable fraction, but this transformation was favored by biochar presence, especially for Cu, Pb, Cr, and Hg. While freezing-thawing greatly affected soil microbiome composition, biochar reduced the freeze-thaw adverse effect on bacterial diversity and helped preserve bacterial groups important for efficient soil nutrient conversion. In biochar-amended soil exposed to freezing-thawing, psychrotolerant and trace element-resistant genera such as Rhodococcus sp. or Williamsia sp. were most abundant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Radziemska
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-593-5307
| | - Mariusz Z. Gusiatin
- Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna St. 45G, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (M.Z.G.); (A.C.-K.)
| | - Agnieszka Cydzik-Kwiatkowska
- Faculty of Geoengineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Słoneczna St. 45G, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland; (M.Z.G.); (A.C.-K.)
| | - Aurelia Blazejczyk
- Institute of Civil Engineering, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Botany, Government Degree College, Ramban 182144, India;
| | - Antonin Kintl
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (M.B.)
- Agricultural Research, Ltd., Zahradni 400/1, 66441 Troubsko, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Brtnicky
- Department of Agrochemistry, Soil Science, Microbiology and Plant Nutrition, Faculty of AgriSciences, Mendel University in Brno, Zemedelska 1, 61300 Brno, Czech Republic; (A.K.); (M.B.)
- Institute of Chemistry and Technology of Environmental Protection, Faculty of Chemistry, Brno University of Technology, Purkynova 118, 61200 Brno, Czech Republic
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16
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Jurado V, Del Rosal Y, Jimenez de Cisneros C, Liñan C, Martin-Pozas T, Gonzalez-Pimentel JL, Hermosin B, Saiz-Jimenez C. Microbial communities in carbonate precipitates from drip waters in Nerja Cave, Spain. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13399. [PMID: 35529484 PMCID: PMC9074860 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on cave microorganisms has mainly focused on the microbial communities thriving on speleothems, rocks and sediments; however, drip water bacteria and calcite precipitation has received less attention. In this study, microbial communities of carbonate precipitates from drip waters in Nerja, a show cave close to the sea in southeastern Spain, were investigated. We observed a pronounced difference in the bacterial composition of the precipitates, depending on the galleries and halls. The most abundant phylum in the precipitates of the halls close to the cave entrance was Proteobacteria, due to the low depth of this sector, the direct influence of a garden on the top soil and the infiltration of waters into the cave, as well as the abundance of members of the order Hyphomicrobiales, dispersing from plant roots, and other Betaproteobacteria and Gammaproteobacteria, common soil inhabitants. The influence of marine aerosols explained the presence of Marinobacter, Idiomarina, Thalassobaculum, Altererythrobacter and other bacteria due to the short distance from the cave to the sea. Nineteen out of forty six genera identified in the cave have been reported to precipitate carbonate and likely have a role in mineral deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valme Jurado
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia (IRNAS-CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
| | | | | | - Cristina Liñan
- Departamento de Ecologia y Geologia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Malaga, Malaga, Spain
| | | | | | - Bernardo Hermosin
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia (IRNAS-CSIC), Sevilla, Spain
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17
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Liu T, Chen Z, Rong L, Duan X. Land-Use Driven Changes in Soil Microbial Community Composition and Soil Fertility in the Dry-Hot Valley Region of Southwestern China. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10050956. [PMID: 35630401 PMCID: PMC9146041 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10050956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Dry-Hot Valley is a unique geographical region in southwestern China, where steep-slope cultivation and accelerating changes in land-use have resulted in land degradation and have aggravated soil erosion, with profound impacts on soil fertility. Soil microbes play a key role in soil fertility, but the impact of land-use changes on soil microbes in the Dry-Hot Valley is not well known. Here, we compared characteristics and drivers of soil microbial community composition and soil fertility in typical Dry-Hot Valley land uses of sugarcane land (SL), forest land (FL), barren land (BL) converted from former maize land (ML), and ML control. Our results showed that BL and SL had reduced soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen (TN), and total potassium (TK) compared to ML and FL. This indicated that conversion of ML to SL and abandonment of ML had the potential to decrease soil fertility. We also found that fungal phyla Zoopagomycota and Blastocladiomycota were absent in SL and BL, respectively, indicating that land-use change from ML to SL decreased the diversity of the bacterial community. Redundancy analysis indicated that the relative abundance of bacterial phyla was positively correlated with TN, SOC, and available potassium (AK) content, and that fungal phyla were positively correlated with AK. Land-use indirectly affected the relative abundance of bacterial phyla through effects on soil moisture, clay, and AK contents, and that of fungal phyla through effects on clay and AK contents. In addition, land-use effects on bacteria were greater than those on fungi, indicating that bacterial communities were more sensitive to land-use changes. Management regimes that incorporate soil carbon conservation, potassium addition, and judicious irrigation are expected to benefit the stability of the plant–soil system in the Dry-Hot Valley.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taicong Liu
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China;
| | - Zhe Chen
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China;
| | - Li Rong
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China;
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Trans-Boundary Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
- Correspondence: (L.R.); (X.D.)
| | - Xingwu Duan
- Institute of International Rivers and Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650500, China;
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Trans-Boundary Eco-Security, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China
- Correspondence: (L.R.); (X.D.)
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18
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Khan A, Jiang H, Bu J, Adnan M, Gillani SW, Hussain MA, Zhang M. Untangling the Rhizosphere Bacterial Community Composition and Response of Soil Physiochemical Properties to Different Nitrogen Applications in Sugarcane Field. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:856078. [PMID: 35369493 PMCID: PMC8964298 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.856078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Minimizing the use of chemical fertilizers and investigating an appropriate ecofriendly level of nitrogen fertilizer is the key to sustainable agriculture. Sugarcane is the main cash crop of China, especially in the Guangxi region. Information regarding the effect of different nitrogen levels on sugarcane rhizosphere microbiota is still limited. In this study, we evaluated the effect of four different levels of nitrogen fertilizers on rhizosphere bacterial composition using high throughput sequencing, along with soil physiochemical properties, sugarcane agronomic and yield performance. The four treatment combinations were CK (no fertilizers), L (Low, 100 kg ha–1), M (Medium, 150 kg ha–1), and H (High, 200 kg ha–1). The results showed that M nitrogen application significantly altered the rhizosphere bacterial community, soil properties, and sugarcane yield. The richness and evenness of the bacterial community were higher in M treatment than CK. In M treatment important bacterial phyla Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria increased by 47 and 71%, respectively; and at genus level, Acidothermus and Bradyrhizobium increased by 77.2 and 30.3%, respectively, compared to CK. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis further confirmed the level of differences among the treatments. The PCA analysis explained 80% of the total variation among the treatments. Spearmen correlation heatmap showed that environmental factors such as pH, AP (available phosphorous), AK (available potassium), and SCAT (soil catalase) were the key factors impacting sugarcane rhizosphere microbiome composition. The H and L nitrogen application alter the bacterial community and sugarcane performance but the M nitrogen application appears to be ecofriendly, productive, and an appropriate nitrogen application rate that could be further used in the Guangxi region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Khan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Hongtao Jiang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Junyao Bu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Syeda Wajeeha Gillani
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | | | - Muqing Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
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19
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Parihar J, Parihar SP, Suravajhala P, Bagaria A. Spatial Metagenomic Analysis in Understanding the Microbial Diversity of Thar Desert. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:biology11030461. [PMID: 35336834 PMCID: PMC8945486 DOI: 10.3390/biology11030461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary We present a systematic investigation of the distribution of microbial communities in arid and semi-arid regions of Thar Desert Rajasthan, India. Their responses in multiple environmental stresses, including surface soil, surface water and underground water were evaluated. We further assess the biotechnological potential of native microorganisms and discover functional species with results providing a detailed understanding of the abundance of microbial communities in these regions, associated with various stress-related biogeochemical and biotechnological processes. We hope our work will facilitate the development of effective future strategies for the use of extremophiles in complex environments. Abstract The arid and semi-arid regions of Rajasthan are one of the most extreme biomes of India, possessing diverse microbial communities that exhibit immense biotechnological potential for industries. Herein, we sampled study sites from arid and semi-arid regions of Thar Desert, Rajasthan, India and subjected them to chemical, physical and metagenomics analysis. The microbial diversity was studied using V3–V4 amplicon sequencing of 16S rRNA gene by Illumina MiSeq. Our metagenomic analyses revealed that the sampled sites consist mainly of Proteobacteria (19–31%) followed by unclassified bacteria (5–21%), Actinobacteria (3–25%), Planctomycetes (5–13%), Chloroflexi (2–14%), Bacteroidetes (3–12%), Firmicutes (3–7%), Acidobacteria (1–4%) and Patescibacteria (1–4%). We have found Proteobacteria in abundance which is associated with a range of activities involved in biogeochemical cycles such as carbon, nitrogen, and sulphur. Our study is perhaps the first of its kind to explore soil bacteria from arid and semi-arid regions of Rajasthan, India. We believe that the new microbial candidates found can be further explored for various industrial and biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagdish Parihar
- Department of Physics, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur 303007, India
| | - Suraj P Parihar
- Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Private Bag X3, Rondebosch, Cape Town 7701, South Africa
| | - Prashanth Suravajhala
- Bioclues.org, Vivekananda Nagar, Kukatpally, Hyderabad 500072, India
- Amrita School of Biotechnology, Amrita Vishwavidyapeetham, Amritapuri Campus, Clappana P.O., Kollam 690525, India
| | - Ashima Bagaria
- Department of Physics, Manipal University Jaipur, Jaipur 303007, India
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20
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Onalenna O, Rahube TO. Assessing bacterial diversity and antibiotic resistance dynamics in wastewater effluent-irrigated soil and vegetables in a microcosm setting. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09089. [PMID: 35309404 PMCID: PMC8924307 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Water scarcity is one of the main challenges in sustainable agricultural development particularly in developing countries therefore, irrigation of food crops with wastewater effluent has become a common practice in order to meet the growing food demand. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of wastewater irrigation on bacterial community and antibiotic resistance dynamics in soil and vegetables in an agricultural setting. To determine bacterial diversity, occurrence and overall dynamics of antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) in effluent irrigated soil and vegetables, 16S rRNA gene metagenomics, shotgun metagenomics and molecular PCR technique were utilized. A shift in bacterial community profile was observed as notable reduction in proteobacteria and increase in firmicutes phyla from the microcosm soil following wastewater effluent irrigation. Shotgun metagenomics revealed diverse ARGs belonging to at least nine different classes of antibiotics in the effluent wastewater. However, only blaTEM (beta-lactamase) and aadA (aminoglycoside) resistance gene sequences were identified in microcosm soil following irrigation and only blaTEM was detected on effluent irrigated vegetable surfaces (spinach and beetroots). From the study, only blaTEM gene was identified across all samples; effluent wastewater, effluent-treated soil, and vegetables. The data suggests a possible dissemination and persistence of the beta-lactamase blaTEM gene from effluent wastewater into agricultural soil and vegetables. This study enhances our understanding of antibiotic resistance spread and highlights the importance of monitoring antibiotic resistance in agro-systems, which is critical for informing policies aimed at sustainable use of wastewater effluent in water-stressed countries. Wastewater effluent potentially introduces antibiotic resistance genes into the soil and vegetables. The beta-lactamase (blaTEM) gene from effluent wastewater is potentially introduced into agricultural soil and vegetables. Monitoring antibiotic resistance in agro-systems is critical for informing policies aimed at sustainable use of wastewater. Irrigation with wastewater effluent remains unregulated in most developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onthatile Onalenna
- Department of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Botswana International University of Science & Technology, Palapye, Botswana
| | - Teddie O Rahube
- Department of Biological Sciences & Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Botswana International University of Science & Technology, Palapye, Botswana
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21
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Rhizosphere Diazotrophs and Other Bacteria Associated with Native and Encroaching Legumes in the Succulent Karoo Biome in South Africa. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10020216. [PMID: 35208671 PMCID: PMC8880511 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Total and diazotrophic bacteria were assessed in the rhizosphere soils of native and encroaching legumes growing in the Succulent Karoo Biome (SKB), South Africa. These were Calobota sericea, Lessertia diffusa, Vachellia karroo, and Wiborgia monoptera, of Fabaceae family near Springbok (Northern Cape Province) and neighboring refugia of the Fynbos biome for C. sericea for comparison purposes. Metabarcoding approach using 16S rRNA gene revealed Actinobacteria (26.7%), Proteobacteria (23.6%), Planctomycetes, and Acidobacteria (10%), while the nifH gene revealed Proteobacteria (70.3%) and Cyanobacteria (29.5%) of the total sequences recovered as the dominant phyla. Some of the diazotrophs measured were assigned to families; Phyllobacteriaceae (39%) and Nostocaceae (24.4%) (all legumes), Rhodospirillaceae (7.9%), Bradyrhizobiaceae (4.6%) and Methylobacteriaceae (3%) (C. sericea, V. karroo, W. monoptera), Rhizobiaceae (4.2%; C. sericea, L. diffusa, V. Karroo), Microchaetaceae (4%; W. monoptera, V. karroo), Scytonemataceae (3.1%; L. diffusa, W. monoptera), and Pseudomonadaceae (2.7%; V. karroo) of the total sequences recovered. These families have the potential to fix the atmospheric nitrogen. While some diazotrophs were specific or shared across several legumes, a member of Mesorhizobium species was common in all rhizosphere soils considered. V. karroo had statistically significantly higher Alpha and distinct Beta-diversity values, than other legumes, supporting its influence on soil microbes. Overall, this work showed diverse bacteria that support plant life in harsh environments such as the SKB, and shows how they are influenced by legumes.
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22
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Metagenomic Analyses of Plant Growth-Promoting and Carbon-Cycling Genes in Maize Rhizosphere Soils with Distinct Land-Use and Management Histories. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12091431. [PMID: 34573413 PMCID: PMC8466292 DOI: 10.3390/genes12091431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have shown that the maize rhizosphere comprises several plant growth-promoting microbes, but there is little or no study on the effects of land-use and management histories on microbial functional gene diversity in the maize rhizosphere soils in Africa. Analyzing microbial genes in the rhizosphere of plants, especially those associated with plant growth promotion and carbon cycling, is important for improving soil fertility and crop productivity. Here, we provide a comparative analysis of microbial genes present in the rhizosphere samples of two maize fields with different agricultural histories using shotgun metagenomics. Genes involved in the nutrient mobilization, including nifA, fixJ, norB, pstA, kefA and B, and ktrB were significantly more abundant (α = 0.05) in former grassland (F1) rhizosphere soils. Among the carbon-cycling genes, the abundance of 12 genes, including all those involved in the degradation of methane were more significant (α = 0.05) in the F1 soils, whereas only five genes were significantly more abundant in the F2 soils. α-diversity indices were different across the samples and significant differences were observed in the β diversity of plant growth-promoting and carbon-cycling genes between the fields (ANOSIM, p = 0.01 and R = 0.52). Nitrate-nitrogen (N-NO3) was the most influential physicochemical parameter (p = 0.05 and contribution = 31.3%) that affected the distribution of the functional genes across the samples. The results indicate that land-use and management histories impact the composition and diversity of plant growth-promoting and carbon-cycling genes in the plant rhizosphere. The study widens our understanding of the effects of anthropogenic activities on plant health and major biogeochemical processes in soils.
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23
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Pérez-Hernández V, Hernández-Guzmán M, Luna-Guido M, Navarro-Noya YE, Romero-Tepal EM, Dendooven L. Bacterial Communities in Alkaline Saline Soils Amended with Young Maize Plants or Its (Hemi)Cellulose Fraction. Microorganisms 2021; 9:1297. [PMID: 34203640 PMCID: PMC8232260 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9061297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We studied three soils of the former lake Texcoco with different electrolytic conductivity (1.9 dS m-1, 17.3 dS m-1, and 33.4 dS m-1) and pH (9.3, 10.4, and 10.3) amended with young maize plants and their neutral detergent fibre (NDF) fraction and aerobically incubated in the laboratory for 14 days while the soil bacterial community structure was monitored by means of 454-pyrosequencing of their 16S rRNA marker gene. We identified specific bacterial groups that showed adaptability to soil salinity, i.e., Prauseria in soil amended with young maize plants and Marinobacter in soil amended with NDF. An increase in soil salinity (17.3 dS m-1, 33.4 dS m-1) showed more bacterial genera enriched than soil with low salinity (1.9 dS m-1). Functional prediction showed that members of Alfa-, Gamma-, and Deltaproteobacteria, which are known to adapt to extreme conditions, such as salinity and low nutrient soil content, were involved in the lignocellulose degradation, e.g., Marinimicrobium and Pseudomonas as cellulose degraders, and Halomonas and Methylobacterium as lignin degraders. This research showed that the taxonomic annotation and their functional prediction both highlighted keystone bacterial groups with the ability to degrade complex C-compounds, such as lignin and (hemi)cellulose, in the extreme saline-alkaline soil of the former Lake of Texcoco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentín Pérez-Hernández
- Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Instituto Tecnológico de Tuxtla-Gutiérrez, Tecnológico Nacional de México, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas 29050, Mexico;
- Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Cinvestav, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (M.H.-G.); (M.L.-G.); (E.M.R.-T.)
| | - Mario Hernández-Guzmán
- Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Cinvestav, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (M.H.-G.); (M.L.-G.); (E.M.R.-T.)
| | - Marco Luna-Guido
- Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Cinvestav, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (M.H.-G.); (M.L.-G.); (E.M.R.-T.)
| | - Yendi E. Navarro-Noya
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcala, Tlaxcala 90070, Mexico;
| | - Elda M. Romero-Tepal
- Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Cinvestav, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (M.H.-G.); (M.L.-G.); (E.M.R.-T.)
| | - Luc Dendooven
- Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Cinvestav, Mexico City 07360, Mexico; (M.H.-G.); (M.L.-G.); (E.M.R.-T.)
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Metagenomics Assessment of Soil Fertilization on the Chemotaxis and Disease Suppressive Genes Abundance in the Maize Rhizosphere. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12040535. [PMID: 33917127 PMCID: PMC8067831 DOI: 10.3390/genes12040535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil fertility is a function of the level of organic and inorganic substances present in the soil, and it influences the activities of soil-borne microbes, plant growth performance and a host of other beneficial ecological functions. In this metagenomics study, we evaluated the response of maize microbial functional gene diversity involved in chemotaxis, antibiotics, siderophores, and antifungals producing genes within the rhizosphere of maize plants under compost, inorganic fertilizer, and unfertilized conditions. The results show that fertilization treatments at higher compost manure and lower inorganic fertilizer doses as well as maize plants itself in the unfertilized soil through rhizosphere effects share similar influences on the abundance of chemotaxis, siderophores, antifungal, and antibiotics synthesizing genes present in the samples, while higher doses of inorganic fertilizer and lower compost manure treatments significantly repress these genes. The implication is for a disease suppressive soil to be achieved, soil fertilization with high doses of compost manure fertilizer treatments as well as lower inorganic fertilizer should be used to enrich soil fertility and boost the abundance of chemotaxis and disease suppressive genes. Maize crops also should be planted sole or intercropped with other crops to enhance the rhizosphere effect of these plants in promoting the expression and abundance of these beneficial genes in the soil.
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25
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Taskin E, Misci C, Bandini F, Fiorini A, Pacini N, Obiero C, Sila DN, Tabaglio V, Puglisi E. Smallholder Farmers' Practices and African Indigenous Vegetables Affect Soil Microbial Biodiversity and Enzyme Activities in Lake Naivasha Basin, Kenya. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10010044. [PMID: 33440642 PMCID: PMC7826984 DOI: 10.3390/biology10010044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary Smallholder farmers in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are food insecure. Underexploited African indigenous vegetables (AIVs) are consumed locally without being considered a primary source of food and income. However, AIVs hold great potential for the future challenges of food security and climate change. We investigated the effects of different cropping systems and inclusion of AIVs in farming on the soil biodiversity and fertility status of smallholder farmers in Naivasha, Kenya. Compared to mainstream farming approaches, soil microorganisms under AIV cultivations differed significantly. Tillage, fertilization, soil amendments, and traditional homemade plant protection were singled out as the most important factors. The soil alteration index based on enzyme activity offered a reliable way to determine the alteration status for the first time in SSA. These findings could be useful for farmers to integrate AIVs with correct sustainable practices for a sustainable future and may contribute to the mitigation of food insecurity. Abstract Loss of soil biodiversity and fertility in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) may put the food security of smallholder farmers in peril. Food systems in SSA are seeing the rise of African indigenous vegetables (AIVs) that are underexploited but locally consumed without being considered a primary source of food and income. Here we present a field study, a first of its kind, in which we investigated the effects of different cropping systems and inclusion of AIVs in the farming approach on bacterial and fungal biodiversity and community structures, enzymatic activity, and the alteration status of soils of the smallholder farmers in Kenya. When compared to mainstream farming approaches, the composition and biodiversity of bacteria and fungi under AIV cultivations was significantly different. Tillage had a significant impact only on the fungal communities. Fertilization and soil amendments caused shifts in microbial communities towards specialized degraders and revealed the introduction of specific microorganisms from amendments. Traditional homemade plant protection products did not cause any disturbance to either of soil bacteria or fungi. The soil alteration index based on enzyme activity successfully differentiated the alteration status for the first time in SSA. These findings could be useful for farmers to integrate AIVs with correct sustainable practices for a sustainable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eren Taskin
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Alimentari per la Sostenibilità della Filiera Agro-Alimentare (DISTAS), Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (E.T.); (C.M.); (F.B.); (E.P.)
| | - Chiara Misci
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Alimentari per la Sostenibilità della Filiera Agro-Alimentare (DISTAS), Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (E.T.); (C.M.); (F.B.); (E.P.)
| | - Francesca Bandini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Alimentari per la Sostenibilità della Filiera Agro-Alimentare (DISTAS), Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (E.T.); (C.M.); (F.B.); (E.P.)
| | - Andrea Fiorini
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Vegetali Sostenibili (DI.PRO.VE.S.), Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy;
| | - Nic Pacini
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Ambiente (DIAm), Università della Calabria, Via Pietro Bucci, 87036 Arcavacata di Rende, Italy;
- School of Geography, Geology and Environment, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Clifford Obiero
- Land Resource Planning and Management, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi P.O. Box 62000, Kenya;
| | - Daniel Ndaka Sila
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology, Nairobi P.O. Box 62000, Kenya;
| | - Vincenzo Tabaglio
- Dipartimento di Scienze delle Produzioni Vegetali Sostenibili (DI.PRO.VE.S.), Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0523-599-222
| | - Edoardo Puglisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Alimentari per la Sostenibilità della Filiera Agro-Alimentare (DISTAS), Facoltà di Scienze Agrarie Alimentari ed Ambientali, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Via Emilia Parmense 84, 29122 Piacenza, Italy; (E.T.); (C.M.); (F.B.); (E.P.)
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Lopes BC, Figueiredo RS, Araújo JC, Matos AT. Bacterial community dynamics in tropical soil after sewage sludge amendment. WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : A JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION ON WATER POLLUTION RESEARCH 2020; 82:2937-2947. [PMID: 33341783 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2020.523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Although the widespread use of sewage sludge in developing countries is common, little is known about how sludge disposal can affect the microbial composition and diversity of tropical soils. We evaluated the effects of the sewage sludges of two types of anaerobic digestors differing, by the biological treatment they have undergone (uplow anaerobic sludge blanket and activated sludge digester), and two different disposal methods (surface and incorporated) on tropical soils. Samples were taken from topsoil (0-10 cm) and analyzed by amplifying the 16S rRNA genes to study the microbial community, and physicochemical analysis was performed concomitantly. The results indicated that, in general, sewage sludge amendment (SSA) significantly changed the tropical soil bacterial community by the sludge type and by application method. Moreover, the redundancy analysis diagram indicates that changes in soil chemical parameters over time due to SSA resulted in changes in the bacterial community's composition, increasing the population responsible for recycling nutrients in the soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna C Lopes
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Antonio Carlos Avenue 6627, Belo Horizonte, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Raíssa S Figueiredo
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Antonio Carlos Avenue 6627, Belo Horizonte, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Juliana C Araújo
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Antonio Carlos Avenue 6627, Belo Horizonte, Brazil E-mail:
| | - Antonio T Matos
- Department of Sanitary and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Antonio Carlos Avenue 6627, Belo Horizonte, Brazil E-mail:
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