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Asiedu DA, Søndergaard J, Jónasdóttir S, Juul-Pedersen T, Koski M. Concentration of mercury and other metals in an Arctic planktonic food web under a climate warming scenario. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 194:115436. [PMID: 37660452 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.115436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Arctic marine ecosystems act as a global sink of mercury (Hg) and other metals, and high concentrations of these have been measured in higher trophic-level organisms. Nevertheless, the concentrations of metals at the basis of the marine food web in the Arctic is less known despite the likelihood of biomagnification from dietary sources. We investigated the concentrations of mercury (Hg) and other metals in different size fractions of plankton in West Greenland. All size fractions contained detectable levels of Hg (ranging from 4.8 to 241.3 ng g dw-1) at all stations, although with high geographic variability, likely reflecting the sources of mercury (e.g., meltwater). In many cases, the concentrations in the larger-size fractions were lower than in the smaller-size fractions, suggesting depuration through the metabolic activity of mesozooplankton. Concentrations of Cd, Pb, V, Ni, and Cr were higher than previously reported elsewhere in the Arctic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delove Abraham Asiedu
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Jens Søndergaard
- Department of Ecoscience, Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Sigrun Jónasdóttir
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Thomas Juul-Pedersen
- Greenland Climate Research Center, Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Nuuk 3900, Greenland
| | - Marja Koski
- National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Sobolev NA, Larionov KS, Mryasova DS, Khreptugova AN, Volikov AB, Konstantinov AI, Volkov DS, Perminova IV. Yedoma Permafrost Releases Organic Matter with Lesser Affinity for Cu 2+ and Ni 2+ as Compared to Peat from the Non-Permafrost Area: Risk of Rising Toxicity of Potentially Toxic Elements in the Arctic Ocean. TOXICS 2023; 11:483. [PMID: 37368583 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11060483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
Pollution of the Arctic Ocean by potentially toxic elements (PTEs) is a current environmental problem. Humic acids (HAs) play an important role in the regulation of PTE mobility in soil and water. The permafrost thaw releases ancient organic matter (OM) with a specific molecular composition into the Arctic watersheds. This could affect the mobility of PTEs in the region. In our study, we isolated HAs from two types of permafrost deposits: the Yedoma ice complex, which contains pristine buried OM, and the alas formed in the course of multiple thaw-refreezing cycles with the most altered OM. We also used peat from the non-permafrost region as the recent environmental endmember for the evolution of Arctic OM. The HAs were characterized using 13C NMR and elemental analysis. Adsorption experiments were conducted to assess the affinity of HAs for binding Cu2+ and Ni2+. It was found that Yedoma HAs were enriched with aliphatic and N-containing structures as compared to the much more aromatic and oxidized alas and peat HAs. The adsorption experiments have revealed that the peat and alas HAs have a higher affinity for binding both ions as compared to the Yedoma HAs. The obtained data suggest that a substantial release of the OM from the Yedoma deposits due to a rapid thaw of the permafrost might increase the mobility of PTEs and their toxicity in the Arctic Ocean because of much lesser "neutralization potential".
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita A Sobolev
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Konstantin S Larionov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Darya S Mryasova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna N Khreptugova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexander B Volikov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey I Konstantinov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry S Volkov
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Chemistry and Physical Chemistry of Soils, Federal Research Centre, V.V. Dokuchaev Soil Science Institute, Pyzhevsky per., 7/2, 119017 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina V Perminova
- Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1-3, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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Bianchini K, Mallory ML, Provencher JF. Trends in hepatic cadmium concentrations in marine bird species from the Canadian Arctic. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159959. [PMID: 36343822 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a trace element of toxicological concern that has been monitored in marine birds inhabiting the Canadian Arctic since 1975. Despite nearly 50 years of monitoring, research to date has largely evaluated single species, locations, or time points, and there is as of yet no holistic overview that jointly considers all available Cd data. We addressed this information gap by combining and analyzing most of the existing data on hepatic Cd concentrations in marine birds from the Canadian Arctic. Using data collected between 1975 and 2018 from eight seabird species from 12 Arctic breeding colonies, we examined temporal, spatial, and interspecific variation in hepatic Cd levels, and we evaluated possible drivers of marine bird Cd loads. Hepatic Cd concentrations ranged from 1.6 to 124 μg/g dry weight across species, and were highest in thick-billed murres (Uria lomvia) and king eiders (Somateria spectabilis), and lowest in black guillemots (Cepphus grylle), black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla), and long-tailed ducks (Clangula hyemalis). All sites with multiple years of data showed interannual fluctuations in Cd, which were correlated with the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) index and with the previous year's June sea ice coverage, where marine birds exhibited higher Cd concentrations in positive NAO years and following years with lower sea ice coverage. Climate change is likely to shift the NAO to being more negative and to reduce sea ice coverage, and our results thus identify various ways by which climate change could alter Cd concentrations in marine birds in the Canadian Arctic. Understanding variations in marine bird contaminant burdens, and how these may be alters by other stressors such as climate change, is important for long-term marine bird conservation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Bianchini
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, 33 Westwood Avenue, Wolfville, Nova Scotia B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - Mark L Mallory
- Department of Biology, Acadia University, 33 Westwood Avenue, Wolfville, Nova Scotia B4P 2R6, Canada
| | - Jennifer F Provencher
- Canadian National Wildlife Research Centre, Environment and Climate Change Canada, 1125 Colonel By Drive, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0H3, Canada.
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Lehmann-Konera S, Kociuba W, Chmiel S, Franczak Ł, Polkowska Ż. Effects of biotransport and hydro-meteorological conditions on transport of trace elements in the Scott River (Bellsund, Spitsbergen). PeerJ 2021; 9:e11477. [PMID: 34249484 PMCID: PMC8247700 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The shaping of surface water chemistry in the Svalbard Archipelago is strongly dependent on the geology of the catchment and the process of long-range transport of atmospheric pollutants (LRATP). It was found that the dissolved trace elements in the Scott River, which catchment is characterized by a decreasing degree of glaciation, were of the natural origin (i.a. weathering and dissolution of local geological substratum). The exception was Zn originated from LRATP. The paper describe the influence changes in hydro-meteorological conditions and the presence of a seabird colony on the variability in the transport of trace elements within the Scott River catchment. The work assesses long-time fluctuations in the concentration of twenty five trace elements (i.a. Al, Cr, Cu, Pb, Sr, and Zn) from eighty-four surface water samples and their relation to changes in water discharge (Q), precipitation (P), pH, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) at two river sites (with one being under the influence of the biotransport factor). Based on the results of matrix correlation and cluster analysis it was found that the additional load of DOC from the nesting site of Larus Argentatus in the mouth section of the river drastically changed the hydro-geochemical cycle of Co, Ni, Zn, Ga, Sr, Rb, Ba and U (0.30 < r < 0.51). Furthermore, the results of cluster analysis confirmed that the bird colony’s nesting site was strongly responsible for the presence of U, Rb, Zn, Ni and marine-derived nutrients (e.g. Se and Li). The discharge of glacier meltwater and the alkaline character of water have a negative effect on the dissolution of Li and Mn (−0.31 < r < −0.51), but positively affect the level of Rb and U (r = 0.31 and 0.35, respectively) due to it being washing out a seabird nesting colony in the mouth section of the Scott River. It was observed that the event of rises in air temperature and rain, which results in increased water discharge, caused an intense transport of the trace elements load. Moreover, results of the precipitation sensitivity coefficient factor (CF) proved that precipitation effect the occurrence of Li, Sr and U in the Scott River.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Lehmann-Konera
- Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial Management, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Waldemar Kociuba
- Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial Management, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Stanisław Chmiel
- Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial Management, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Łukasz Franczak
- Institute of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Earth Sciences and Spatial Management, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Lublin, Poland
| | - Żaneta Polkowska
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
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Becagli S, Caiazzo L, Di Iorio T, di Sarra A, Meloni D, Muscari G, Pace G, Severi M, Traversi R. New insights on metals in the Arctic aerosol in a climate changing world. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 741:140511. [PMID: 32887016 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ship traffic, population, infrastructure development, and mining activities are expected to increase in the Arctic due to its rising temperatures. This is expected to produce a major impact on aerosol composition. Metals contained in atmospheric particles are powerful markers and can be extremely helpful to gain insights on the different aerosol sources. This work aims at studying the sources of metals in the Arctic aerosol sampled at the Thule High Arctic Atmospheric Observatory (THAAO; Greenland, 76.5°N 68.8°W). Due to the particular composition of Greenlandic soils and to properties of other sources, it was possible to find several signatures of natural and anthropogenic aerosols transported from local and long-range regions. Arctic haze (AH) at Thule builds up on long-range transported aerosol mainly from Canada and Nord America. From a chemical standpoint, this aerosol is characterized by a high concentration of sulfate, Pb, As and Cd and by a La/Ce ratio larger than 1. The Ti/Al and Fe/Al ratios in the AH aerosol are lower (Ti/Al = 0.04 w/w; Fe/Al = 0.79 w/w) than for local aerosol (Ti/Al = 0.07 w/w; Fe/Al = 0.89 w/w). Conversely, aerosol arising from coastal areas of South-West Greenland is characterized by a high concentration of V, Ni, and Cr. These metals, generally considered anthropogenic, arise here mainly from natural crustal sources. In some summer samples, however, the V/Ni ratio becomes larger than 3. In particular, cases displaying this characteristic ratio, as also shown by backward trajectories, are associated with sporadic transport to Thule of ship aerosol from ships passing through Baffin Bay and arriving to Thule during summer. Although further measurements are necessary to confirm the discussed results, the analysis carried out in this work on a large number of metals sampled in coastal Greenland aerosol is unprecedented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Becagli
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy.
| | - Laura Caiazzo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare INFN sez. Firenze, Sesto F.no, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Tatiana Di Iorio
- ENEA, Laboratory for Observations and Analyses of Earth and Climate, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Alcide di Sarra
- ENEA, Laboratory for Observations and Analyses of Earth and Climate, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Meloni
- ENEA, Laboratory for Observations and Analyses of Earth and Climate, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Muscari
- Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, INGV, Rome 00143, Italy
| | - Giandomenico Pace
- ENEA, Laboratory for Observations and Analyses of Earth and Climate, 00123 Rome, Italy
| | - Mirko Severi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
| | - Rita Traversi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy
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6
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Gao Y, Marsay CM, Yu S, Fan S, Mukherjee P, Buck CS, Landing WM. Particle-Size Variability of Aerosol Iron and Impact on Iron Solubility and Dry Deposition Fluxes to the Arctic Ocean. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16653. [PMID: 31723149 PMCID: PMC6853967 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52468-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
This study provides unique insights into the properties of iron (Fe) in the marine atmosphere over the late summertime Arctic Ocean. Atmospheric deposition of aerosols can deliver Fe, a limiting micronutrient, to the remote ocean. Aerosol particle size influences aerosol Fe fractional solubility and air-to-sea deposition rate. Size-segregated aerosols were collected during the 2015 US GEOTRACES cruise in the Arctic Ocean. Results show that aerosol Fe had a single-mode size distribution, peaking at 4.4 µm in diameter, suggesting regional dust sources of Fe around the Arctic Ocean. Estimated dry deposition rates of aerosol Fe decreased from 6.1 µmol m−2 yr−1 in the areas of ~56°N–80°N to 0.73 µmol m−2 yr−1 in the areas north of 80°N. Aerosol Fe solubility was higher in fine particles (<1 µm) which were observed mainly in the region north of 80°N and coincided with relatively high concentrations of certain organic aerosols, suggesting interactions between aerosol Fe and organic ligands in the high-latitude Arctic atmosphere. The average molar ratio of Fe to titanium (Ti) was 2.4, substantially lower than the typical crustal ratio of 10. We speculate that dust sources around the Arctic Ocean may have been altered because of climate warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Gao
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA.
| | - Christopher M Marsay
- Skidaway Institute of Oceanography University of Georgia, Savannah, GA, 31411, USA
| | - Shun Yu
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Songyun Fan
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Pami Mukherjee
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - Clifton S Buck
- Skidaway Institute of Oceanography University of Georgia, Savannah, GA, 31411, USA
| | - William M Landing
- Department of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
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7
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McNaughton CS, Vandenberg J, Thiede P. Reanalysis of aerial deposition of metals and polycyclic aromatic compounds to snow in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region of Alberta Canada. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 682:692-708. [PMID: 31141752 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.05.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Oil sands mining and bitumen upgrading activities in the Athabasca Oil Sands Region (AOSR) have been identified as sources of metals and polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAC) being deposited to the regional snowpack. We performed an independent reanalysis of publicly available AOSR snow pack data to: replicate previous results; to provide new insights into the spatial and temporal patterns of metal and PAC deposition; and, to determine whether certain metals or PACs were associated with specific oil sands mining or upgrading activities. Using PAC ratios, we use a K-means clustering approach to classify snowpack data into two combustion-dominated classes, and three classes associated with oil sands mining and bitumen upgrading. Snow samples dominated by "oil sands mine" emissions are consistent with a petrogenic source and exhibited low UNS ratios and high DBT ratios. Snow samples dominated by "petroleum coke" emissions had the highest BaP ratios, high DBT ratios, and were collected nearest the upgrader complexes. Metals data indicate snow samples dominated by oil sands mine emissions are consistent with an Athabasca Sands type composition. Those dominated by emissions from petroleum coke show enrichment of biophile metals V, Ni, and M. We conclude that previous studies have over-estimated environmental loadings of PACs, their spatial extent, and direction of their trend over time. These differences are attributed to the use of arithmetic rather than geometric spatial averaging, use of an arbitrary location (AR6) to determine the extent of metals and PAC deposition, and because previous studies neglected to account for metals and PACs being deposited from non-oil sands sources. Oil sands operators continue to reduce their emissions intensity, however there is an emerging consensus that mitigating fugitive emissions from petroleum coke stockpiles may represent the greatest opportunity to reduce environmental loadings of PACs in the AOSR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cameron S McNaughton
- Golder Associates Ltd., Saskatoon, SK, Canada; Department of Civil, Geological and Environmental Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
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8
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WEEE Treatment in Developing Countries: Environmental Pollution and Health Consequences-An Overview. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16091595. [PMID: 31067685 PMCID: PMC6539380 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16091595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the last few decades, the rapid technological evolution has led to a growing generation of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). Not rarely, it has been exported from industrialized to developing countries, where it represents a secondary source of valuable materials such as gold, copper, and silver. The recycling of WEEE is often carried out without any environmental and health protection. This paper reviews recent literature dealing with the informal treatment of WEEE in developing regions, gathering and analyzing data on concentration of both inorganic and organic pollutants in the environment. Open burning practices are revealed as most polluting ‘technology’, followed by mechanical treatment and leaching. Significant levels of pollutants have been detected in human bodies, both children and adults, working in or living in areas with informal WEEE treatment.
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9
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Skaldina O, Peräniemi S, Sorvari J. Ants and their nests as indicators for industrial heavy metal contamination. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 240:574-581. [PMID: 29763860 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.04.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ants accumulate heavy metals and respond to pollution with modification in species composition, community structure, altered behaviour and immunity. However, the levels of heavy metals in ants' nests and explicit individual-level responses towards heavy metals have not been revealed. We found that red wood ants Formica lugubris accumulate high and correlated values of such heavy metals as Al, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Ni, Pb and Zn both in ants and nest material near cobalt smelter in Finland. Relative differences in metal concentrations were higher in nests than in ants. The highest values were obtained for elements such as Co (36.6), Zn (14.9), Cd (9.7), Pb (8.5), Cu (7.4), Ni (6.4), As (4.7), Cr (2.9) and Fe (2.4) in nest material, and Co (32.7), Cd (6.3), Pb (6), Fe (2.8), Ni (2.9) and Zn (2.1) in ants. In industrial and reference areas, ants have no differences in size, but differed in dry and residual body mass. In polluted areas, F. lugubris had less melanised heads, but not thoraxes. The sensitivity of cuticular colouration in red wood ants subjected to heavy metal pollution might be related to metal-binding properties of melanins. The overall results are useful for the improvement of biomonitoring techniques using ants as indicators of industrial contamination and for further discovery of novel ecotoxicological biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oksana Skaldina
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Sirpa Peräniemi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jouni Sorvari
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
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Biomarkers of Ecotoxicological Effects in Social Insects. PERSPECTIVES IN ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-46248-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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11
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Miller MWC, Lovvorn JR, Matz AC, Taylor RJ, Latty CJ, Safine DE. Trace Elements in Sea Ducks of the Alaskan Arctic Coast: Patterns of Variation Among Species, Sexes, and Ages. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2016; 71:297-312. [PMID: 27272534 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-016-0288-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Climate change and increasing industrialization in the Arctic call for the collection of reference data for assessing changes in contaminant levels. For migratory birds, measuring and interpreting changes in trace element burdens on Arctic breeding areas require insights into factors such as sex, body size, or wintering area that may modify patterns independently of local exposure. In the Alaskan Arctic, we determined levels of trace elements in liver and kidney of common eiders (Somateria mollissima) and long-tailed ducks (Clangula hyemalis) from the Prudhoe Bay oil field and of king eiders (S. spectabilis) and threatened spectacled eiders (S. fischeri) and Steller's eiders (Polystica stelleri) from near the town of Barrow. Small-bodied Steller's eiders and long-tailed ducks from different locations had similarly low levels of selenium (Se), cadmium (Cd), and copper (Cu), perhaps reflecting high mass-specific rates of metabolic depuration during long spring migrations through areas of low exposure. In larger species, Se, Cd, and Cu concentrations were higher in adults than juveniles suggesting that these elements were acquired in nonbreeding marine habitats. Adult male spectacled eiders had exceptionally high Se, Cd, and Cu compared with adult females, possibly because of depuration into eggs and longer female occupancy of nonmarine habitats. Adult female common eiders and juvenile long-tailed ducks at Prudhoe Bay had high and variable levels of Pb, potentially due to local exposure. Explanations for substantial variations in Hg levels were not apparent. Further research into reasons for differing element levels among species and sexes will help clarify the sources, pathways, and risks of exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micah W C Miller
- Department of Zoology and Center for Ecology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA.
- United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Fairbanks Fish and Wildlife Field Office, Fairbanks, AK, 99701, USA.
| | - James R Lovvorn
- Department of Zoology and Center for Ecology, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, 62901, USA
| | - Angela C Matz
- United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Fairbanks Fish and Wildlife Field Office, Fairbanks, AK, 99701, USA
| | - Robert J Taylor
- Trace Elements Research Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Christopher J Latty
- United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Fairbanks, AK, 99701, USA
| | - David E Safine
- United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Fairbanks Fish and Wildlife Field Office, Fairbanks, AK, 99701, USA
- Division of Migratory Birds Management, United States Fish and Wildlife Service, Anchorage, AK, 99503, USA
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12
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Elemental and lead isotopic composition of atmospheric particulate measured in the Arctic region (Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard Islands). RENDICONTI LINCEI 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s12210-016-0507-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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13
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Mallory ML, Braune BM, Robertson GJ, Gilchrist HG, Mallory CD, Forbes MR, Wells R. Increasing cadmium and zinc levels in wild common eiders breeding along Canada's remote northern coastline. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 476-477:73-78. [PMID: 24463027 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Revised: 12/20/2013] [Accepted: 12/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The common eider (Somateria mollissima) is an abundant sea duck breeding around the circumpolar Arctic, and is an important component of subsistence and sport harvest in some regions. We determined hepatic cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) concentrations in the livers of breeding females sampled during three time periods including 1992/3, 2001/2 and 2008 at three sites spanning 53.7°N-75.8°N in the eastern Canadian Arctic. At all sites, concentrations of both Cd and Zn increased ~300% over this time period. The reasons for this rapid increase in concentrations are unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark L Mallory
- Biology Department, Acadia University, Wolfville, Nova Scotia B4P 2R6, Canada.
| | - Birgit M Braune
- Environment Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Carleton University, Raven Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Gregory J Robertson
- Environment Canada, Wildlife Research Division, 6 Bruce Street, Mount Pearl, Newfoundland and Labrador A1N 4T3, Canada
| | - H Grant Gilchrist
- Environment Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Carleton University, Raven Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0H3, Canada
| | - Conor D Mallory
- Chemistry Department, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Mark R Forbes
- Biology Department, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Regina Wells
- Environment Canada, Canadian Wildlife Service, 512 Lahr Boulevard, Happy Valley-Goose Bay, Newfoundland and Labrador A0P 1C0, Canada
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Klaminder J, Farmer JG, MacKenzie AB. The origin of lead in the organic horizon of tundra soils: atmospheric deposition, plant translocation from the mineral soil or soil mineral mixing? THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2011; 409:4344-4350. [PMID: 21820157 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 07/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge of the anthropogenic contribution to lead (Pb) concentrations in surface soils in high latitude ecosystems is central to our understanding of the extent of atmospheric Pb contamination. In this study, we reconstructed fallout of Pb at a remote sub-arctic region by using two ombrotrophic peat cores and assessed the extent to which this airborne Pb is able to explain the isotopic composition ((206)Pb/(207)Pb ratio) in the O-horizon of tundra soils. In the peat cores, long-range atmospheric fallout appeared to be the main source of Pb as indicated by temporal trends that followed the known European pollution history, i.e. accelerated fallout at the onset of industrialization and peak fallout around the 1960s-70s. The Pb isotopic composition of the O-horizon of podzolic tundra soil ((206)Pb/(207)Pb=1.170 ± 0.002; mean ± SD) overlapped with that of the peat ((206)Pb/(207)Pb=1.16 ± 0.01) representing a proxy for atmospheric aerosols, but was clearly different from that of the parent soil material ((206)Pb/(207)Pb=1.22-1.30). This finding indicated that long-range fallout of atmospheric Pb is the main driver of Pb accumulation in podzolic tundra soil. In O-horizons of tundra soil weakly affected by cryoturbation (cryosols) however, the input of Pb from the underlying mineral soil increased as indicated by (206)Pb/(207)Pb ratios of up to 1.20, a value closer to that of local soil minerals. Nevertheless, atmospheric Pb appeared to be the dominant source in this soil compartment. We conclude that Pb concentrations in the O-horizon of studied tundra soils - despite being much lower than in boreal soils and representative for one of the least exposed sites to atmospheric Pb contaminants in Europe - are mainly controlled by atmospheric inputs from distant anthropogenic sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan Klaminder
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Science, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden.
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Kim KH, Ma CJ, Okuda T. An analysis of long-term changes in airborne toxic metals in South Korea's two largest cities from 1991 to 2004. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2009; 16:565-572. [PMID: 19259721 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-009-0104-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2008] [Accepted: 12/01/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND, AIM, AND SCOPE Investigations on the temporal variabilities of metals generally show that the concentration levels of many harmful metals in air have been continuously decreasing around the world including North America and Western Europe. However, an excursion from such trends has been expected and demonstrated from E. Asia due to the major source contribution from China. To help understand long-term patterns of airborne toxic metals in East Asia, the particle-bound concentrations of Pb, Mn, Ni, Cr, and Cd were analyzed in the two largest cities of Korea, Seoul and Busan, over a 14-year period (1991 through 2004). The results of this study will provide a comprehensive overview on long-term trends of important metals in major urban areas of E. Asia. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was conducted to investigate the environmental behavior and long-term trends of toxic metals in Seoul and Busan, the two most populated cities of Korea, from 1991 to 2004. To this end, the concentrations of five toxic metals (including Pb, Cd, Cr, Mn, and Ni) in TSP (total suspended particle) fractions were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. The analysis of long-term patterns of metal concentration data was conducted using two different temporal grouping criteria for both the full study period (1991-2004) and the second half (1998-2004). The statistical significance of such variabilities was assessed through a comparison with relevant reference data from other areas of the world. RESULTS The annual mean concentration of the metals from the two cities was generally characterized by the lowest Cd (1.7-9.1 ng m(-3)) and largest Pb (51-341 ng m(-3)). The relative ordering of metal concentration levels from both cities was consistently found as: Pb > Mn > Ni > Cr > Cd. An evaluation of the absolute concentration levels showed that the values derived for both cities generally fell in an intermediate range between highly polluted (e.g., major Chinese cities) and moderately clean urban environments (Japanese or US sites). DISCUSSION To help describe the long-term patterns of each metal, the metal concentration data between the two cities were compared in a number of respects. The results show strong compatibility with respect to relative trends between Seoul and Busan. When the long-term trends are compared for the entire study period (1991-2004), most metals tend to experience reductions in their concentrations through the years (with an exception of Cr), regardless of the city. The patterns were so distinctive that the statistical significance of this decline, if compared by the magnitude of probability in the regression analysis, generally increased in the order: Mn < Cd < Ni < Pb. A more detailed analysis of the temporal patterns (i.e., the second half of the study period (period II): 1998-2004), however, indicates that some metals reversed their trend to an increasing direction. For instance, Ni and Cr (both cities) and Mn (Seoul) showed an annual rate of change (ARC) in the range of 5.57 to 11.5%. However, others consistently maintained a declining trend with ARC values of -1.55 (Cd at Seoul) to -12.2% (Pb at Busan). CONCLUSIONS According to the analysis of the long-term trend of trace metals, the efficiency of emission control appears to be highly complicated, as its effect is visualized to a certain extent. The patterns investigated in the two largest cities in Korea over a decadal period show that the reduction in concentration levels has been the most prominent and consistent for Pb but the least effective for Cr. Comparison among different studies and locations points out that changes in metal concentration levels, whether being an increase or decrease, should be tightly associated with the status of environmental pollution in the targeted area. RECOMMENDATIONS AND PERSPECTIVES Evaluation of long-term monitoring data for toxic metals is helpful to judge various factors involved in regulation efforts and the response of those target pollutants. Future efforts are desirable to develop methods that allow a comparison of measurement data between the particle-filtrated samples and time-integrated environmental archives (bioaccumulation). Such efforts can provide the descriptive basis for explaining the environmental behavior of toxic metals at various time scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Hyun Kim
- Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Sejong University, 143-747 Seoul, Korea.
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Abstract
Zinc (Zn) is an essential component of thousands of proteins in plants, although it is toxic in excess. In this review, the dominant fluxes of Zn in the soil-root-shoot continuum are described, including Zn inputs to soils, the plant availability of soluble Zn(2+) at the root surface, and plant uptake and accumulation of Zn. Knowledge of these fluxes can inform agronomic and genetic strategies to address the widespread problem of Zn-limited crop growth. Substantial within-species genetic variation in Zn composition is being used to alleviate human dietary Zn deficiencies through biofortification. Intriguingly, a meta-analysis of data from an extensive literature survey indicates that a small proportion of the genetic variation in shoot Zn concentration can be attributed to evolutionary processes whose effects manifest above the family level. Remarkable insights into the evolutionary potential of plants to respond to elevated soil Zn have recently been made through detailed anatomical, physiological, chemical, genetic and molecular characterizations of the brassicaceous Zn hyperaccumulators Thlaspi caerulescens and Arabidopsis halleri.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin R Broadley
- Plant Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Philip J White
- The Scottish Crop Research Institute, Invergowrie, Dundee DD2 5DA, UK
| | - John P Hammond
- Warwick HRI, University of Warwick, Wellesbourne, Warwick CV35 9EF, UK
| | - Ivan Zelko
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK 84538 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina B2, SK 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Alexander Lux
- Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, SK 84538 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Mlynská dolina B2, SK 84215 Bratislava, Slovakia
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Bidleman TF, Macdonald RW, Stow JP. Sources, occurrence, trends and pathways of contaminants in the arctic physical environment: introduction to the special issue. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2005; 342:1-4. [PMID: 15866267 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
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