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Yilmaz N, Vigil FM, Donaldson B. Fuel effects on PAH formation, toxicity and regulated pollutants: Detailed comparison of biodiesel blends with propanol, butanol and pentanol. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 849:157839. [PMID: 35932853 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Blends of biodiesel and high-carbon alcohols have the potential to increase the rate of biofuel use in diesel engines, while reducing harmful and toxic compounds such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Since biodiesel and alcohols do not contain aromatic ingredients in their chemical structures, this study examined biodiesel blends with propanol, n-butanol, and 1-pentanol (5 %, 20 % and 35 % by vol.) and the effects of these aromatic-free fuels on regulated emissions, PAH formation and toxicity as compared to straight diesel fuel in a diesel engine operating at a constant speed and varying engine loads. PAH samples were meticulously processed and extensively analyzed using rigorous analytical chemistry methodology (gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)). Biodiesel and biodiesel-alcohol blends significantly reduced NOx emissions and the level of formation of PAHs and toxicity levels when compared to diesel fuel. Overall, adding 5 % alcohol to biodiesel decreased total PAH emissions. However, with the exception of 20 % propanol, adding 20 % and 35 % alcohol to biodiesel increased total PAH emissions as compared to neat biodiesel. In contrast, all blended fuels resulted in a decrease in the toxicity of PAH compounds (up to 70 %) and the percentage of higher-ring PAHs. Among higher alcohols, propanol blends stood out as reducing PAH formation as compared to n-butanol and pentanol blends. Overall, biodiesel-alcohol blends that emit less carcinogenic pollutants and primarily low-rings PAHs were found to be advantageous for reducing the likelihood of wetstacking in diesel engines under low load or cold operating conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadir Yilmaz
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA.
| | | | - Burl Donaldson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, New Mexico State University, NM, USA
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2
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Determination of optimum diesel: jatropha blend for compression ignition diesel engines through fuel properties analysis. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-03807-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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3
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Godri Pollitt KJ, Chhan D, Rais K, Pan K, Wallace JS. Biodiesel fuels: A greener diesel? A review from a health perspective. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 688:1036-1055. [PMID: 31726536 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Biodiesels have been promoted as a greener alternative to diesel with decreased emissions and health effects. To investigate the scientific basis of the suggested environmental and health benefits offered by biodiesel, this review examines the current state of knowledge and key uncertainties of pollutant profiles of biodiesel engine exhaust and the associated the respiratory and cardiovascular outcomes. The ease and low cost of biodiesel production has facilitated greater distribution and commercial use. The pollutant profile of biodiesel engine exhaust is distinct from diesel, characterised by increased NOx and aldehyde emissions but decreased CO and CO2. Lower engine-out particulate matter mass concentrations have also been observed over a range of feedstocks. However, these reduced emissions have been attributable to a shift towards smaller sized particulate emissions. The toxicity of biodiesel engine exhaust has been investigated in vitro using various lung cell, in vivo evaluating responses induced in animals and through several human exposure studies. Discrepancies exist across results reported by in vitro and in vivo studies, which may be attributable to differences in biodiesel feedstocks, engine characteristics, operating conditions or use of aftertreatment systems across test scenarios. The limited human testing further suggests short-term exposure to biodiesel engine exhaust is associated with cardiopulmonary outcomes that are comparable to diesel. Additional information about the health effects of biodiesel engine exhaust exposure is required for effective public health policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystal J Godri Pollitt
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Yale University, Laboratory of Epidemiology and Public Health, 60 College Street, Room 444, New Haven, CT 06520, USA.
| | - Dany Chhan
- Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Khaled Rais
- Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kang Pan
- Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James S Wallace
- Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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4
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Impact of Nanoadditives on the Performance and Combustion Characteristics of Neat Jatropha Biodiesel. ENERGIES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/en12050921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Jatropha biodiesel was produced from neat jatropha oil using both esterification and transesterification processes. The free fatty acid value content of neat jatropha oil was reduced to approximately 2% from 12% through esterification. Aluminium oxide (Al2O3) and cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles were added separately to jatropha biodiesel in doses of 100 ppm and 50 ppm. The heating value, acid number, density, flash point temperature and kinematic viscosity of the nanoadditive fuel samples were measured and compared with the corresponding properties of neat fossil diesel and neat jatropha biodiesel. Jatropha biodiesel with 100 ppm Al2O3 nanoparticle (J100A100) was selected for engine testing due to its higher heating value and successful amalgamation of the Al2O3 nanoparticles used. The brake thermal efficiency of J100A100 fuel was about 3% higher than for neat fossil diesel, and was quite similar to that of neat jatropha biodiesel. At full load, the brake specific energy consumption of J100A100 fuel was found to be 4% higher and 6% lower than the corresponding values obtained for neat jatropha biodiesel and neat fossil diesel fuels respectively. The NOx emission was found to be 4% lower with J100A100 fuel when compared to jatropha biodiesel. The unburnt hydrocarbon and smoke emissions were decreased significantly when J100A100 fuel was used instead of neat jatropha biodiesel or neat fossil diesel fuels. Combustion characteristics showed that in almost all loads, J100A100 fuel had a higher total heat release than the reference fuels. At full load, the J100A100 fuel produced similar peak in-cylinder pressures when compared to neat fossil diesel and neat jatropha biodiesel fuels. The study concluded that J100A100 fuel produced better combustion and emission characteristics than neat jatropha biodiesel.
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Martin N, Lombard M, Jensen KR, Kelley P, Pratt T, Traviss N. Effect of biodiesel fuel on "real-world", nonroad heavy duty diesel engine particulate matter emissions, composition and cytotoxicity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 586:409-418. [PMID: 28236480 PMCID: PMC7372720 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Biodiesel is regarded by many as a "greener" alternative fuel to petroleum diesel with potentially lower health risk. However, recent studies examining biodiesel particulate matter (PM) characteristics and health effects are contradictive, and typically utilize PM generated by passenger car engines in laboratory settings. There is a critical need to analyze diesel and biodiesel PM generated in a "real-world" setting where heavy duty-diesel (HDD) engines and commercially purchased fuel are utilized. This study compares the mass concentrations, chemical composition and cytotoxicity of real-world PM from combustion of both petroleum diesel and a waste grease 20% biodiesel blend (B20) at a community recycling center operating HDD nonroad equipment. PM was analyzed for metals, elemental/organic carbon (EC/OC), polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (N-PAHs). Cytotoxicity in a human lung epithelial cell line (BEAS-2B) following 24h exposure to the real-world particles was also evaluated. On average, higher concentrations for both EC and OC were measured in diesel PM. B20 PM contained significantly higher levels of Cu and Mo whereas diesel PM contained significantly higher concentrations of Pb. Principal component analysis determined Mo, Cu, and Ni were the metals with the greatest loading factor, suggesting a unique pattern related to the B20 fuel source. Total PAH concentration during diesel fuel use was 1.9 times higher than during B20 operations; however, total N-PAH concentration was 3.3 times higher during B20 use. Diesel PM cytotoxicity was 8.5 times higher than B20 PM (p<0.05) in a BEAS-2B cell line. This study contributes novel data on real-world, nonroad engine sources of metals, PAH and N-PAH species, comparing tailpipe PM vs. PM collected inside the equipment cabin. Results suggest PM generated from burning petroleum diesel in nonroad engines may be more harmful to human health, but the links between exposure, composition and toxicity are not straightforward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Martin
- Department of Environmental Studies, Keene State College, Keene, NH, 03431, United States
| | - Melissa Lombard
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH 03824, United States
| | - Kirk R Jensen
- Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, 80401, United States
| | - Patrick Kelley
- Department of Environmental Studies, Keene State College, Keene, NH, 03431, United States
| | - Tara Pratt
- Department of Environmental Studies, Keene State College, Keene, NH, 03431, United States
| | - Nora Traviss
- Department of Environmental Studies, Keene State College, Keene, NH, 03431, United States.
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Sánchez NE, Sánchez AL, Espinosa PM. Levels of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Atmospheric Environment of Urban Areas in Latin America. Polycycl Aromat Compd 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10406638.2016.1167745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nazly Efredis Sánchez
- Environment and Technology Research Group (GITA), Corporación Universitaria Autónoma del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia
| | - Adriana Lorena Sánchez
- Environment and Technology Research Group (GITA), Corporación Universitaria Autónoma del Cauca, Popayán, Colombia
| | - Paulo Mauricio Espinosa
- Department of Environmental and Sanitary Engineering, University of Cauca, Popayán, Colombia
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Costa GB, Fernandes DDS, Almeida VE, Araújo TSP, Melo JP, Diniz PHGD, Véras G. Digital image-based classification of biodiesel. Talanta 2015; 139:50-5. [PMID: 25882407 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Revised: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This work proposes a simple, rapid, inexpensive, and non-destructive methodology based on digital images and pattern recognition techniques for classification of biodiesel according to oil type (cottonseed, sunflower, corn, or soybean). For this, differing color histograms in RGB (extracted from digital images), HSI, Grayscale channels, and their combinations were used as analytical information, which was then statistically evaluated using Soft Independent Modeling by Class Analogy (SIMCA), Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA), and variable selection using the Successive Projections Algorithm associated with Linear Discriminant Analysis (SPA-LDA). Despite good performances by the SIMCA and PLS-DA classification models, SPA-LDA provided better results (up to 95% for all approaches) in terms of accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity for both the training and test sets. The variables selected Successive Projections Algorithm clearly contained the information necessary for biodiesel type classification. This is important since a product may exhibit different properties, depending on the feedstock used. Such variations directly influence the quality, and consequently the price. Moreover, intrinsic advantages such as quick analysis, requiring no reagents, and a noteworthy reduction (the avoidance of chemical characterization) of waste generation, all contribute towards the primary objective of green chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gean Bezerra Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 58.429-500 Campina Grande, PB, Brazil
| | - David Douglas Sousa Fernandes
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 58.429-500 Campina Grande, PB, Brazil
| | - Valber Elias Almeida
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 58.429-500 Campina Grande, PB, Brazil
| | - Thomas Souto Policarpo Araújo
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 58.429-500 Campina Grande, PB, Brazil
| | - Jessica Priscila Melo
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 58.429-500 Campina Grande, PB, Brazil
| | - Paulo Henrique Gonçalves Dias Diniz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 58.429-500 Campina Grande, PB, Brazil; Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 58.429-500 Campina Grande, PB, Brazil
| | - Germano Véras
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 58.429-500 Campina Grande, PB, Brazil; Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 58.429-500 Campina Grande, PB, Brazil.
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8
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Prokopowicz A, Zaciera M, Sobczak A, Bielaczyc P, Woodburn J. The effects of neat biodiesel and biodiesel and HVO blends in diesel fuel on exhaust emissions from a light duty vehicle with a diesel engine. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:7473-7482. [PMID: 25993509 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b00648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The influence of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) and hydrotreated vegetable oil (HVO) diesel blends on the exhaust emissions from a passenger car was examined. The impact of FAME for the cold urban phase (UDC) was increased CO and HC emissions, probably due to blend physical properties promoting incomplete combustion. The HVO blend caused the lowest CO and HC emissions for the UDC. NOx emissions did not change significantly with the fuel used, however the UDC was characterized by lower NOx emission for FAME blends. Particle emissions were highest with standard diesel. Emissions of carbonyl compounds increased as fuel biodiesel content increased, especially during the UDC. HVO in diesel fuel decreased carbonyl emissions. Formaldehyde and acetaldehyde were the most abundant carbonyl compounds in the exhaust gas. Total particle-bound PAH emissions were variable, the emission of heavier PAHs increased with blend biodiesel content. The HVO blend increased emission of lighter PAHs. Nitro-PAHs were identified only during the UDC and not for all blends; the highest emissions were measured for pure diesel. The results showed that emission of nitro-PAHs may be decreased to a greater extent by using biodiesel than using a HVO blend.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Prokopowicz
- †Institute of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Koscielna 13, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Marzena Zaciera
- †Institute of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Koscielna 13, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Andrzej Sobczak
- †Institute of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Koscielna 13, 41-200 Sosnowiec, Poland
- ‡School of Pharmacy with Division of Laboratory Medicine in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Poniatowskiego 15, 40-055 Katowice, Poland
| | - Piotr Bielaczyc
- §BOSMAL Automotive Research and Development Institute Ltd, Sarni Stok 93, 43-300 Bielsko-Biala, Poland
| | - Joseph Woodburn
- §BOSMAL Automotive Research and Development Institute Ltd, Sarni Stok 93, 43-300 Bielsko-Biala, Poland
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Borillo GC, Tadano YS, Godoi AFL, Santana SSM, Weronka FM, Penteado Neto RA, Rempel D, Yamamoto CI, Potgieter-Vermaak S, Potgieter JH, Godoi RHM. Effectiveness of selective catalytic reduction systems on reducing gaseous emissions from an engine using diesel and biodiesel blends. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:3246-3251. [PMID: 25634131 DOI: 10.1021/es505701r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this investigation was to quantify organic and inorganic gas emissions from a four-cylinder diesel engine equipped with a urea selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system. Using a bench dynamometer, the emissions from the following mixtures were evaluated using a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometer: low-sulfur diesel (LSD), ultralow-sulfur diesel (ULSD), and a blend of 20% soybean biodiesel and 80% ULSD (B20). For all studied fuels, the use of the SCR system yielded statistically significant (p < 0.05) lower NOx emissions. In the case of the LSD and ULSD fuels, the SCR system also significantly reduced emissions of compounds with high photochemical ozone creation potential, such as formaldehyde. However, for all tested fuels, the SCR system produced significantly (p < 0.05) higher emissions of N2O. In the case of LSD, the NH3 emissions were elevated, and in the case of ULSD and B20 fuels, the non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC) and total hydrocarbon of diesel (HCD) emissions were significantly higher.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guilherme C Borillo
- Environmental Engineering Department, Federal University of Paraná , Curitiba, Paraná 81531-980, Brazil
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10
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Tadano YS, Borillo GC, Godoi AFL, Cichon A, Silva TOB, Valebona FB, Errera MR, Penteado Neto RA, Rempel D, Martin L, Yamamoto CI, Godoi RHM. Gaseous emissions from a heavy-duty engine equipped with SCR aftertreatment system and fuelled with diesel and biodiesel: assessment of pollutant dispersion and health risk. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 500-501:64-71. [PMID: 25217745 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.08.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/26/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The changes in the composition of fuels in combination with selective catalytic reduction (SCR) emission control systems bring new insights into the emission of gaseous and particulate pollutants. The major goal of our study was to quantify NOx, NO, NO2, NH3 and N2O emissions from a four-cylinder diesel engine operated with diesel and a blend of 20% soybean biodiesel. Exhaust fume samples were collected from bench dynamometer tests using a heavy-duty diesel engine equipped with SCR. The target gases were quantified by means of Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR). The use of biodiesel blend presented lower concentrations in the exhaust fumes than using ultra-low sulfur diesel. NOx and NO concentrations were 68% to 93% lower in all experiments using SCR, when compared to no exhaust aftertreatment. All fuels increased NH3 and N2O emission due to SCR, a precursor secondary aerosol, and major greenhouse gas, respectively. An AERMOD dispersion model analysis was performed on each compound results for the City of Curitiba, assumed to have a bus fleet equipped with diesel engines and SCR system, in winter and summer seasons. The health risks of the target gases were assessed using the Risk Assessment Information System For 1-h exposure of NH3, considering the use of low sulfur diesel in buses equipped with SCR, the results indicated low risk to develop a chronic non-cancer disease. The NOx and NO emissions were the lowest when SCR was used; however, it yielded the highest NH3 concentration. The current results have paramount importance, mainly for countries that have not yet adopted the Euro V emission standards like China, India, Australia, or Russia, as well as those already adopting it. These findings are equally important for government agencies to alert the need of improvements in aftertreatment technologies to reduce pollutants emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yara S Tadano
- Environmental Engineering Department, Federal University of Parana, 210 Francisco H. dos Santos St., Curitiba, PR, 81531-980 Brazil
| | - Guilherme C Borillo
- Environmental Engineering Department, Federal University of Parana, 210 Francisco H. dos Santos St., Curitiba, PR, 81531-980 Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia L Godoi
- Environmental Engineering Department, Federal University of Parana, 210 Francisco H. dos Santos St., Curitiba, PR, 81531-980 Brazil
| | - Amanda Cichon
- Environmental Engineering Department, Federal University of Parana, 210 Francisco H. dos Santos St., Curitiba, PR, 81531-980 Brazil
| | - Thiago O B Silva
- Environmental Engineering Department, Federal University of Parana, 210 Francisco H. dos Santos St., Curitiba, PR, 81531-980 Brazil
| | - Fábio B Valebona
- Environmental Engineering Department, Federal University of Parana, 210 Francisco H. dos Santos St., Curitiba, PR, 81531-980 Brazil
| | - Marcelo R Errera
- Environmental Engineering Department, Federal University of Parana, 210 Francisco H. dos Santos St., Curitiba, PR, 81531-980 Brazil
| | - Renato A Penteado Neto
- Institute of Technology for Development, Lactec-Leme Division, 01 LothárioMeissner Ave., Curitiba, PR, 80210-170, Brazil
| | - Dennis Rempel
- Institute of Technology for Development, Lactec-Leme Division, 01 LothárioMeissner Ave., Curitiba, PR, 80210-170, Brazil
| | - Lucas Martin
- Institute of Technology for Development, Lactec-Leme Division, 01 LothárioMeissner Ave., Curitiba, PR, 80210-170, Brazil
| | - Carlos I Yamamoto
- Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Parana, 210 Francisco H. dos Santos St., Curitiba, PR, 81531-980 Brazil
| | - Ricardo H M Godoi
- Environmental Engineering Department, Federal University of Parana, 210 Francisco H. dos Santos St., Curitiba, PR, 81531-980 Brazil.
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12
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Tsai JH, Chen SJ, Huang KL, Lin WY, Lee WJ, Chao HR, Lin CC, Hsieh LT. Emission reduction of NOx, PM, PM-carbon, and PAHs from a generator fuelled by biodieselhols. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2014; 274:349-359. [PMID: 24797907 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2014.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 04/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This investigation examines the particulate matter (PM), particulate carbon, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emitted from a generator fueled by petroleum diesel blended with waste-edible-oil-biodiesel and water-containing acetone. Experimental results show that using biodieselhols with water-containing (or pure) acetone as the fuel of generator, in comparison to using petroleum diesel, significantly reduces PM emission; roughly, this reduction increased as percentage of water-containing acetone increased. When the percentages of waste-edible-oil-biodiesel were ≤ 5 vol%, adding pure or water-containing acetone (1-3 vol%) to biodieselhols generated emission reductions of NOx, PM, particle-bound organic carbon (OC), total-PAHs, and total-BaPeq. Consequently, using water-containing acetone biodieselhols as an alternative generator fuel is feasible and helps recycle and reuse waste solvents containing water-containing acetone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jen-Hsiung Tsai
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung County 91201, Taiwan
| | - Shui-Jen Chen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung County 91201, Taiwan.
| | - Kuo-Lin Huang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung County 91201, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Yinn Lin
- Institute of Environmental Engineering and Management, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei City 10608, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jhy Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan City 70101, Taiwan
| | - How-Ran Chao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung County 91201, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chung Lin
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung County 91201, Taiwan
| | - Lien-Te Hsieh
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung County 91201, Taiwan
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Feng Q, Wang YL, Tsotsis TT, Egolfopoulos FN. Formation of Nitrogen Oxides in Flames of Model Biodiesel Fuels. Ind Eng Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ie203015a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiyao Feng
- Mork
Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, and ‡Department of
Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern
California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Yang Lee Wang
- Mork
Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, and ‡Department of
Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern
California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Theodore T. Tsotsis
- Mork
Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, and ‡Department of
Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern
California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
| | - Fokion N. Egolfopoulos
- Mork
Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Material Science, and ‡Department of
Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Southern
California, Los Angeles, California 90089, United States
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14
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Traviss N. Breathing easier? The known impacts of biodiesel on air quality. BIOFUELS 2012; 3:285-291. [PMID: 23585814 PMCID: PMC3622266 DOI: 10.4155/bfs.12.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Substantial scientific evidence exists on the negative health effects of exposure to petroleum diesel exhaust. Many view biodiesel as a 'green', more environmentally friendly alternative fuel, especially with respect to measured reductions of particulate matter in tailpipe emissions. Tailpipe emissions data sets from heavy-duty diesel engines comparing diesel and biodiesel fuels provide important information regarding the composition and potential aggregate contribution of particulate matter and other pollutants to regional airsheds. However, exposure - defined in this instance as human contact with tailpipe emissions - is another key link in the chain between emissions and human health effects. Although numerous biodiesel emissions studies exist, biodiesel exposure studies are nearly absent from the literature. This article summarizes the known impacts of biodiesel on air quality and health effects, comparing emissions and exposure research. In light of rapidly changing engine, fuel and exhaust technologies, both emissions and exposure studies are necessary for developing a fuller understanding of the impact of biodiesel on air quality and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Traviss
- Keene State College, 229 Main Street, Keene, NH 03435, USA Tel.: +1 603 358 2974
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Biodiesel/Diesel Blends Classification with Respect to Base Oil Using NIR Spectrometry and Chemometrics Tools. J AM OIL CHEM SOC 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s11746-012-2028-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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