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Silva I, Alves M, Malheiro C, Silva ARR, Loureiro S, Henriques I, González-Alcaraz MN. Structural and Functional Shifts in the Microbial Community of a Heavy Metal-Contaminated Soil Exposed to Short-Term Changes in Air Temperature, Soil Moisture and UV Radiation. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:107. [PMID: 38254996 PMCID: PMC10815596 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The interplay between metal contamination and climate change may exacerbate the negative impact on the soil microbiome and, consequently, on soil health and ecosystem services. We assessed the response of the microbial community of a heavy metal-contaminated soil when exposed to short-term (48 h) variations in air temperature, soil humidity or ultraviolet (UV) radiation in the absence and presence of Enchytraeus crypticus (soil invertebrate). Each of the climate scenarios simulated significantly altered at least one of the microbial parameters measured. Irrespective of the presence or absence of invertebrates, the effects were particularly marked upon exposure to increased air temperature and alterations in soil moisture levels (drought and flood scenarios). The observed effects can be partly explained by significant alterations in soil properties such as pH, dissolved organic carbon, and water-extractable heavy metals, which were observed for all scenarios in comparison to standard conditions. The occurrence of invertebrates mitigated some of the impacts observed on the soil microbial community, particularly in bacterial abundance, richness, diversity, and metabolic activity. Our findings emphasize the importance of considering the interplay between climate change, anthropogenic pressures, and soil biotic components to assess the impact of climate change on terrestrial ecosystems and to develop and implement effective management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Silva
- CEF (Center for Functional Ecology), Associate Laboratory TERRA, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal;
- CESAM (Centre for Marine and Environmental Studies), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (C.M.); (A.R.R.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Marta Alves
- CBQF (Center for Biotechnology and Fine Chemistry), School of Biotechnology, Portuguese Catholic University, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Catarina Malheiro
- CESAM (Centre for Marine and Environmental Studies), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (C.M.); (A.R.R.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Ana Rita R. Silva
- CESAM (Centre for Marine and Environmental Studies), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (C.M.); (A.R.R.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Susana Loureiro
- CESAM (Centre for Marine and Environmental Studies), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (C.M.); (A.R.R.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Isabel Henriques
- CEF (Center for Functional Ecology), Associate Laboratory TERRA, Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - M. Nazaret González-Alcaraz
- CESAM (Centre for Marine and Environmental Studies), Department of Biology, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal; (C.M.); (A.R.R.S.); (S.L.)
- Department of Agricultural Engineering of the E.T.S.I.A., Technical University of Cartagena, 30203 Cartagena, Spain
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Purcell AM, Hayer M, Koch BJ, Mau RL, Blazewicz SJ, Dijkstra P, Mack MC, Marks JC, Morrissey EM, Pett‐Ridge J, Rubin RL, Schwartz E, van Gestel NC, Hungate BA. Decreased growth of wild soil microbes after 15 years of transplant-induced warming in a montane meadow. GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY 2022; 28:128-139. [PMID: 34587352 PMCID: PMC9293287 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The carbon stored in soil exceeds that of plant biomass and atmospheric carbon and its stability can impact global climate. Growth of decomposer microorganisms mediates both the accrual and loss of soil carbon. Growth is sensitive to temperature and given the vast biological diversity of soil microorganisms, the response of decomposer growth rates to warming may be strongly idiosyncratic, varying among taxa, making ecosystem predictions difficult. Here, we show that 15 years of warming by transplanting plant-soil mesocosms down in elevation, strongly reduced the growth rates of soil microorganisms, measured in the field using undisturbed soil. The magnitude of the response to warming varied among microbial taxa. However, the direction of the response-reduced growth-was universal and warming explained twofold more variation than did the sum of taxonomic identity and its interaction with warming. For this ecosystem, most of the growth responses to warming could be explained without taxon-specific information, suggesting that in some cases microbial responses measured in aggregate may be adequate for climate modeling. Long-term experimental warming also reduced soil carbon content, likely a consequence of a warming-induced increase in decomposition, as warming-induced changes in plant productivity were negligible. The loss of soil carbon and decreased microbial biomass with warming may explain the reduced growth of the microbial community, more than the direct effects of temperature on growth. These findings show that direct and indirect effects of long-term warming can reduce growth rates of soil microbes, which may have important feedbacks to global warming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia M. Purcell
- Department of Biological SciencesCenter for Ecosystem Science and SocietyNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffArizonaUSA
| | - Michaela Hayer
- Department of Biological SciencesCenter for Ecosystem Science and SocietyNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffArizonaUSA
| | - Benjamin J. Koch
- Department of Biological SciencesCenter for Ecosystem Science and SocietyNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffArizonaUSA
| | - Rebecca L. Mau
- Department of Biological SciencesCenter for Ecosystem Science and SocietyNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffArizonaUSA
| | - Steven J. Blazewicz
- Physical and Life Sciences DirectorateLawrence Livermore National LabLivermoreCaliforniaUSA
| | - Paul Dijkstra
- Department of Biological SciencesCenter for Ecosystem Science and SocietyNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffArizonaUSA
| | - Michelle C. Mack
- Department of Biological SciencesCenter for Ecosystem Science and SocietyNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffArizonaUSA
| | - Jane C. Marks
- Department of Biological SciencesCenter for Ecosystem Science and SocietyNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffArizonaUSA
| | - Ember M. Morrissey
- Division of Plant and Soil SciencesWest Virginia UniversityMorgantownWest VirginiaUSA
| | - Jennifer Pett‐Ridge
- Physical and Life Sciences DirectorateLawrence Livermore National LabLivermoreCaliforniaUSA
- Life & Environmental Sciences DepartmentUniversity of California MercedMercedCAUSA
| | - Rachel L. Rubin
- Department of Environmental SciencesMount Holyoke CollegeSouth HadleyMassachusettsUSA
| | - Egbert Schwartz
- Department of Biological SciencesCenter for Ecosystem Science and SocietyNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffArizonaUSA
| | - Natasja C. van Gestel
- Department of Biological Sciences & TTU Climate CenterTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTexasUSA
| | - Bruce A. Hungate
- Department of Biological SciencesCenter for Ecosystem Science and SocietyNorthern Arizona UniversityFlagstaffArizonaUSA
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Hierarchical drivers of soil microbial community structure variability in "Monte Perdido" Massif (Central Pyrenees). Sci Rep 2019; 9:8768. [PMID: 31217456 PMCID: PMC6584728 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45372-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial activity is highly dependent on climatic factors (moisture and temperature) and edaphic characteristics in temperate ecosystems. Moreover, soil microbial community composition in high mountain areas is less known when compared to plant communities. In this study we investigated the soil microbial community from a functional perspective using PLFA (phospholipid fatty acid) methods in the four aspects of four summits (2,242 – 3,012 m above sea level) in the Spanish Central Pyrenees. Soil organic carbon (C), microbial biomass and nutrient dynamics (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$N{O}_{3}^{-}$$\end{document}NO3−, N mineralization and nitrification potential) were also determined. Microbial biomass C was highest in the lowermost summit and decreased by approximately 50, 14 and 12% with increasing altitude. In each summit soil \documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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\begin{document}$$N{O}_{3}^{-}$$\end{document}NO3− concentrations differed significantly among summits and aspects. Soil nitrification potential varied significantly between the factors summit and aspects, e.g., southerly vs. northerly, easterly vs. westerly aspects. Gram negative bacteria and Actinobacteria functional groups dominated the microbial community, with almost 40% of the total PLFA. Non-metric multidimensional scale (NMS) analysis showed that most of the PLFA functional groups were present in all summits and aspects, although with specific biomarkers. A high abundance of biomarkers 16:1ω9c and 16:0 2OH (gram negative bacteria) were obtained in the lowermost summit, while the biomarkers 16.1ω7cDMA (anaerobes) and 19:3ω6c (Eukaryote) were only found in the uppermost summit. Linear mixed model (lmm) analysis was used with summit as fixed effect and aspect as random effect. In general, our results demonstrate a fundamental role for environment, principally moisture, temperature and organic matter in explaining the pattern observed for soil PLFA biomarkers. Under a global change scenario, we need to shed light on the relationships between soil microbial functional groups and soil nutrient-related variables in order to identify the associated patterns of decomposition rates and soil processes driven by microbial communities in mountain areas. The results could thus be used in global predictive models on climate change impact on C or N cycles in these environments.
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Bond-Lamberty B, Bolton H, Fansler S, Heredia-Langner A, Liu C, McCue LA, Smith J, Bailey V. Soil Respiration and Bacterial Structure and Function after 17 Years of a Reciprocal Soil Transplant Experiment. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150599. [PMID: 26934712 PMCID: PMC4775055 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of climate change on soil organic matter-its structure, microbial community, carbon storage, and respiration response-remain uncertain and widely debated. In addition, the effects of climate changes on ecosystem structure and function are often modulated or delayed, meaning that short-term experiments are not sufficient to characterize ecosystem responses. This study capitalized on a long-term reciprocal soil transplant experiment to examine the response of dryland soils to climate change. The two transplant sites were separated by 500 m of elevation on the same mountain slope in eastern Washington state, USA, and had similar plant species and soil types. We resampled the original 1994 soil transplants and controls, measuring CO2 production, temperature response, enzyme activity, and bacterial community structure after 17 years. Over a laboratory incubation of 100 days, reciprocally transplanted soils respired roughly equal cumulative amounts of carbon as non-transplanted controls from the same site. Soils transplanted from the hot, dry, lower site to the cooler and wetter (difference of -5°C monthly maximum air temperature, +50 mm yr-1 precipitation) upper site exhibited almost no respiratory response to temperature (Q10 of 1.1), but soils originally from the upper, cooler site had generally higher respiration rates. The bacterial community structure of transplants did not differ significantly from that of untransplanted controls, however. Slight differences in local climate between the upper and lower Rattlesnake locations, simulated with environmental control chambers during the incubation, thus prompted significant differences in microbial activity, with no observed change to bacterial structure. These results support the idea that environmental shifts can influence soil C through metabolic changes, and suggest that microbial populations responsible for soil heterotrophic respiration may be constrained in surprising ways, even as shorter- and longer-term soil microbial dynamics may be significantly different under changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Bond-Lamberty
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Joint Global Change Research Institute at the University of Maryland–College Park, 5825 University Research Court #3500, College Park, MD, 20740, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Harvey Bolton
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99352, United States of America
| | - Sarah Fansler
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99352, United States of America
| | - Alejandro Heredia-Langner
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99352, United States of America
| | - Chongxuan Liu
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99352, United States of America
| | - Lee Ann McCue
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99352, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Smith
- USDA-ARS, 215 Johnson Hall, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, United States of America
| | - Vanessa Bailey
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland, WA, 99352, United States of America
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Ouyang W, Lai X, Li X, Liu H, Lin C, Hao F. Soil respiration and carbon loss relationship with temperature and land use conversion in freeze-thaw agricultural area. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 533:215-222. [PMID: 26172588 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.06.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Soil respiration (Rs) was hypothesized to have a special response pattern to soil temperature and land use conversion in the freeze-thaw area. The Rs differences of eight types of land use conversions during agricultural development were observed and the impacts of Rs on soil organic carbon (SOC) loss were assessed. The land use conversions during last three decades were categorized into eight types, and the 141 SOC sampling sites were grouped by conversion type. The typical soil sampling sites were subsequently selected for monitoring of soil temperature and Rs of each land use conversion types. The Rs correlations with temperature at difference depths and different conversion types were identified with statistical analysis. The empirical mean error model and the biophysical theoretical model with Arrhenius equation about the Rs sensitivity to temperature were both analyzed and shared the similar patterns. The temperature dependence of soil respiration (Q10) analysis further demonstrated that the averaged value of eight types of land use in this freeze-thaw agricultural area ranged from 1.15 to 1.73, which was lower than the other cold areas. The temperature dependence analysis demonstrated that the Rs in the top layer of natural land covers was more sensitive to temperature and experienced a large vertical difference. The natural land covers exhibited smaller Rs and the farmlands had the bigger value due to tillage practices. The positive relationships between SOC loss and Rs were identified, which demonstrated that Rs was the key chain for SOC loss during land use conversion. The spatial-vertical distributions of SOC concentration with the 1.5-km grid sampling showed that the more SOC loss in the farmland, which was coincided with the higher Rs in farmlands. The analysis of Rs dynamics provided an innovative explanation for SOC loss in the freeze-thaw agricultural area. The analysis of Rs dynamics provided an innovative explanation for SOC loss in the freeze-thaw agricultural area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ouyang
- School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Xuehui Lai
- School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Xia Li
- China-ASEAN Environment Cooperation Center (CAEC), MEP, Beijing 100035, China
| | - Heying Liu
- School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Chunye Lin
- School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Fanghua Hao
- School of Environment, State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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