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Xie D, Zhao B, Kang R, Ma X, Larssen T, Jin Z, Duan L. Delayed recovery of surface water chemistry from acidification in subtropical forest region of China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169126. [PMID: 38070570 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The three largest acid rain regions of current earth are located in northern and western Europe, eastern North America, and East Asia. Sulfur and nitrate concentrations in headwater streams in Europe and North America decreased as atmospheric sulfur and nitrogen deposition decreased, albeit with a considerable delay. However, how water chemistry responds to the declining sulfur and nitrogen deposition in China is unclear. The regional survey of surface water chemistry during 2010 and 2018 within the Sichuan Basin in southwestern China showed that the recovery of the surface water chemistry was delayed for at least 5 years owing to the release of previously deposited sulfur and nitrogen stored in the soil. After sulfur deposition declined from its peak value, the subregions of purplish soil with low sulfate adsorption capacity still exhibited a net sulfur release in 2010, but this release was no longer evident by 2018. The subregions with the red and yellow soils, which have a high sulfate adsorption capacity, operated as sulfur sinks during 2010 and 2018, indicating a continuous immobilization process through sulfate reduction despite a decrease in sulfur deposition. Additionally, this sulfate reduction countered the release of sulfate caused by sulfur desorption. There was a substantial nitrogen sink within the Sichuan Basin. Nitrogen leaching decreased slowly with the declined nitrogen deposition, except in regions where nitrogen deposition exceeded the critical threshold. Compared to temperate forest regions in Europe, the Sichuan Basin and its surrounding areas have experienced higher decline rates in the leaching of sulfur and nitrogen, highlighting that the subtropical forest region undergoes a faster restoration of surface water chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Xie
- School of Land Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China; SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ronghua Kang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Ma
- State Grid Xinyuan Company Ltd., Beijing 100052, China
| | - Thorjørn Larssen
- Norwegian Institute for Water Research, Økernveien 94, Oslo 0579, Norway
| | - Zhangdong Jin
- School of Land Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China; SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Lei Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Sources and Control of Air Pollution Complex, Beijing 100084, China.
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Xu Z, Liang W, Zhang X, Yang X, Zhou S, Li R, Syed A, Bahkali AH, Kumar Awasthi M, Zhang Z. Effects of magnesite on nitrogen conversion and bacterial community during pig manure composting. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023:129325. [PMID: 37315627 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this research was to elucidate the effect of varying proportions of magnesite (MS) addition - 0% (T1), 2.5% (T2), 5% (T3), 7.5% (T4), and 10% (T5) - on nitrogen transformation and bacterial community dynamics during pig manure composting. In comparison to T1 (control), MS treatments amplified the abundance of Firmicutes, Actinobacteriota, and Halanaerobiaeota, bolstered the metabolic functionality of associated microorganisms, and enhanced the nitrogenous substance metabolic pathway. A complementary effect in core bacillus species played a key role in nitrogen preservation. Compared to T1, 10% MS demonstrated the most substantial influence on composting because Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen increased by 58.31% and NH3 emission decreased by 41.52%. In conclusion, 10% MS appears to be optimal for pig manure composting, as it can augment microbial abundance and mitigate nitrogen loss. This study offers a more ecologically sound and economically viable method for curtailing nitrogen loss during composting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi Province 712100, China
| | - Wen Liang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Xiu Zhang
- North Minzu University Ningxia Key Laboratory for the Development and Application of Microbial Resources in Extreme Environments, Yinchuan 750021, China
| | - Xu Yang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Shunxi Zhou
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Ronghua Li
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Asad Syed
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali H Bahkali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mukesh Kumar Awasthi
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Zengqiang Zhang
- College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
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Akimoto H, Sato K, Sase H, Dong Y, Hu M, Duan L, Sunwoo Y, Suzuki K, Tang X. Development of science and policy related to acid deposition in East Asia over 30 years. AMBIO 2022; 51:1800-1818. [PMID: 35119616 PMCID: PMC9200921 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-022-01702-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Scientific and public interest in acid deposition and its ecological impacts have increased throughout 1990s in East Asia (Northeast and Southeast Asia). After being established in 2001, the Acid Deposition Monitoring Network in East Asia (EANET) celebrates the 20th anniversary in 2021, and is now being expanded in scope reflecting the shifting social concern from acid deposition to broader air quality and climate change in recent years. This paper reviews the past 30 years of development of scientific research and policy related to acid deposition in East Asia. Since the onset of the twenty-first century, East Asia has had the highest SO2 and NOx emissions in the world by continents, with substantial economic developmental inequality among countries. An overview of studies on sulfur and nitrogen deposition, the acidification of inland water and forest soil, and forest decline reveal that although limited acidification of inland water and forest soils have been documented, no decline in the populations of fish and other aquatic biota has been reported in East Asia. After a review of policy-oriented modeling studies on source receptor relationships and the critical loads of sulfur and nitrogen in East Asia, the history of EANET and its success and challenges are discussed. Finally, the importance of epistemic communities as the interface between science and policy in the region is discussed. Regional governance and cooperation are essential for reducing the emission of greenhouse gases, especially short-lived climate pollutants and atmospheric pollutants to realize the co-benefits of global climate change mitigation and improved air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Akimoto
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, 16-2 Onogawa, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8506 Japan
| | - Keiichi Sato
- Asia Center for Air Pollution Research, 1182, Sowa Nishi-ku, Niigata-shi, 950-2144 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Sase
- Asia Center for Air Pollution Research, 1182, Sowa Nishi-ku, Niigata-shi, 950-2144 Japan
| | - Yao Dong
- Asia Center for Air Pollution Research, 1182, Sowa Nishi-ku, Niigata-shi, 950-2144 Japan
| | - Min Hu
- State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, International Joint Research Center for Atmospheric Research (IJRC), College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Lei Duan
- School of Environment, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Young Sunwoo
- Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029 Korea
| | - Katsunori Suzuki
- Japan Council on Education for Sustainable Development, 5-38-5-201, Nishinippori, Arakawa-ku, Tokyo, 116-0013 Japan
| | - Xiaoyan Tang
- College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
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Shi R, Lai H, Ni N, Nkoh JN, Guan P, Lu H, He X, Zhao W, Xu C, Liu Z, Li J, Xu R, Cui X, Qian W. Comparing ameliorative effects of biomass ash and alkaline slag on an acidic Ultisol under artificial Masson pine: A field experiment. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 297:113306. [PMID: 34280864 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Forest soil acidification caused by acid deposition is a serious threat to the forest ecosystem. To investigate the liming effects of biomass ash (BA) and alkaline slag (AS) on the acidic topsoil and subsoil, a three-year field experiment under artificial Masson pine was conducted at Langxi, Anhui province in Southern China. The surface application of BA and AS significantly increased the soil pH, and thus decreased exchangeable acidity and active Al in the topsoil. Soil exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+ in topsoil were significantly increased by the surface application of BA and AS, while an increase in soil exchangeable K+ was only observed in BA treatments. The soil acidity and active Al in subsoil were decreased by the surface application of AS. Compared with the control, soluble monomeric and exchangeable Al in the subsoil was decreased by 38.0% and 29.4% after 3 years of AS surface application. There was a minimal effect on soluble monomeric and exchangeable Al after the application of BA. The soil exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+ in the subsoil increased respectively by 54% and 141% after surface application of 10 t ha-1 AS. The decrease of soil active Al and increase of base cations in subsoil were mainly attributed to the high migration capacity of base cations in AS. In conclusion, the effect of surface application of AS was superior to BA in ameliorating soil acidity and alleviating soil Al toxicity in the subsoil of this Ultisol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renyong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 821, Nanjing, 210008, PR China.
| | - Hongwei Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 821, Nanjing, 210008, PR China; National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China
| | - Ni Ni
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210042, PR China; Pesticide Environmental Assessment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing, 210042, PR China
| | - Jackson Nkoh Nkoh
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 821, Nanjing, 210008, PR China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Peng Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 821, Nanjing, 210008, PR China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Hailong Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 821, Nanjing, 210008, PR China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Xian He
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 821, Nanjing, 210008, PR China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, PR China
| | - Wenrui Zhao
- School of Resources and Environment, Anqing Normal University, Anqing, 246011, China
| | - Chenyang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 821, Nanjing, 210008, PR China
| | - Zhaodong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 821, Nanjing, 210008, PR China
| | - Jiuyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 821, Nanjing, 210008, PR China
| | - Renkou Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 821, Nanjing, 210008, PR China
| | - Xiumin Cui
- National Engineering Laboratory for Efficient Utilization of Soil and Fertilizer Resources, College of Resources and Environment, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, 271018, PR China
| | - Wei Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 821, Nanjing, 210008, PR China
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Baragaño D, R Gallego JL, Forján R. Short-term experiment for the in situ stabilization of a polluted soil using mining and biomass waste. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 296:113179. [PMID: 34265663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.113179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Mining and biomass waste were used to remediate a brownfield affected by As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn pollution in a pilot scale experiment, and a plant used for phytoremediation purposes was used as an indicator of possible toxicological effects. To carry out the experiments, plots in field conditions were treated with magnesite (mining waste), magnesite-sludge compost, and magnesite-biochar respectively, while untreated soil was used as a control. The plots were then irrigated and left for one week, after which seeds of the ryegrass Lolium perenne L. were sown. Soil properties such as metal(loid) availability, pH, phosphorus availability, total nitrogen, organic carbon, and nutrients were monitored for two months. Finally, the ryegrass was harvested and pollutant concentrations were analyzed in the aerial parts. Magnesite proved to be an excellent amendment for metal(loid) immobilization, although the notable increase in soil pH and Mg content inhibited plant growth. However, the application of magnesite in combination with the sludge compost (rich in N and P) favored plant growth and also immobilized metals, although As availability increased. In contrast, the analysis of plants in this treatment revealed lower As and metal concentrations than those grown in the untreated soil. In turn, the application of magnesite and biochar was also effective in reducing metal(loid) availability; however, the plants did not grow under these conditions, probably due to the low N and P content of biochar. In this regard, the combined application of mining waste and sludge compost emerges as a useful nature-based solution for soil remediation in the context of the circular economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Baragaño
- INDUROT and Environmental Biogeochemistry and Raw Materials Group, Campus de Mieres, Universidad de Oviedo, Mieres, Asturias, Spain.
| | - José Luis R Gallego
- INDUROT and Environmental Biogeochemistry and Raw Materials Group, Campus de Mieres, Universidad de Oviedo, Mieres, Asturias, Spain
| | - Rubén Forján
- INDUROT and Environmental Biogeochemistry and Raw Materials Group, Campus de Mieres, Universidad de Oviedo, Mieres, Asturias, Spain
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Clark CM, Richkus J, Jones PW, Phelan J, Burns DA, de Vries W, Du E, Fenn ME, Jones L, Watmough SA. A synthesis of ecosystem management strategies for forests in the face of chronic nitrogen deposition. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 248:1046-1058. [PMID: 31091637 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Total nitrogen (N) deposition has declined in many parts of the U.S. and Europe since the 1990s. Even so, it appears that decreased N deposition alone may be insufficient to induce recovery from the impacts of decades of elevated deposition, suggesting that management interventions may be necessary to promote recovery. Here we review the effectiveness of four remediation approaches (prescribed burning, thinning, liming, carbon addition) on three indicators of recovery from N deposition (decreased soil N availability, increased soil alkalinity, increased plant diversity), focusing on literature from the U.S. We reviewed papers indexed in the Web of Science since 1996 using specific key words, extracted data on the responses to treatment along with ancillary data, and conducted a meta-analysis using a three-level variance model structure. We found 69 publications (and 2158 responses) that focused on one of these remediation treatments in the context of N deposition, but only 29 publications (and 408 responses) reported results appropriate for our meta-analysis. We found that carbon addition was the only treatment that decreased N availability (effect size: -1.80 to -1.84 across metrics), while liming, thinning, and prescribed burning all tended to increase N availability (effect sizes: +0.4 to +1.2). Only liming had a significant positive effect on soil alkalinity (+10.5%-82.2% across metrics). Only prescribed burning and thinning affected plant diversity, but with opposing and often statistically marginal effects across metrics (i.e., increased richness, decreased Shannon or Simpson diversity). Thus, it appears that no single treatment is effective in promoting recovery from N deposition, and combinations of treatments should be explored. These conclusions are based on the limited published data available, underscoring the need for more studies in forested areas and more consistent reporting suitable for meta-analyses across studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher M Clark
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Center for Environmental Assessment, Washington, DC, 20460, USA.
| | - Jennifer Richkus
- RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Rd, P.O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Phillip W Jones
- RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Rd, P.O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Jennifer Phelan
- RTI International, 3040 East Cornwallis Rd, P.O. Box 12194, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27709, USA
| | - Douglas A Burns
- US Geological Survey New York Water Science Center, 425 Jordan Road, Troy, NY, 12180, USA
| | - Wim de Vries
- Wageningen University and Research, Environmental Systems Analysis Group, PO Box 47, 6700AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Enzai Du
- State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, School of Natural Resources, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Mark E Fenn
- USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, 4955 Canyon Crest Drive, Riverside, CA, 92507, USA
| | - Laurence Jones
- Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Environment Centre Wales, Deiniol Rd, Bangor, LL57 2UW, United Kingdom
| | - Shaun A Watmough
- School of the Environment, Trent University, Peterborough, Ontario, K9L 0G2, Canada
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