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Long A, Weber N, Krampe J, Peer S, Rechberger H, Zessner M, Zoboli O. Multi-criteria analysis of strategies towards sustainable recycling of phosphorus from sewage sludge in Austria. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 362:121339. [PMID: 38824897 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
To promote optimal phosphorus (P) recovery from municipal wastewater and sewage sludge with viable legal instruments, it is imperative to understand the regional and national consequences of different legal requirements for recycling. In this study we develop a scenario-based analysis to assess the environmental and economic impact of different national P recovery strategies in the context of a detailed representation of the existing Austrian wastewater infrastructure. This assessment combines material flow analysis, life cycle assessment and life cycle costing and includes the indicators P recycling rate, P utilization degree, heavy metal removal rate, share of heavy metals' content in wastewater redirected to agricultural soils, global warming potential, cumulated energy demand, terrestrial acidification potential, volume of freight transport and annual costs. The following main conclusions can be drawn. P recovery from ash shows the highest potential regarding the utilization of P from wastewater. A high P utilization from wastewater should rely on recovery technologies that decontaminate products, otherwise pollutant loads to agricultural soils might increase. P recovery to the extent of 60-85 % of P in WWTPs influent can be achieved by savings/costs of -0.8 to +4.7 EUR inhabitant-1 yr-1 in addition to current cost of the wastewater treatment/sludge disposal system. Key factors to be considered for costs are the choice of recovery process, revenues from products, and the use of existing incineration infrastructure. P recovery can lead to the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in Austria if nitrous oxide emissions from sludge incineration are limited and efficient heat utilization strategies are implemented. There is a trade-off in terms of environmental and economic costs in choosing a more centralized or decentralized mono-incineration strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Long
- Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management - Research Unit for Water Quality, TU Wien, Karlsplatz 13/226-1, 1040, Vienna, Austria
| | - N Weber
- Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management - Research Unit for Water Quality, TU Wien, Karlsplatz 13/226-1, 1040, Vienna, Austria
| | - J Krampe
- Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management - Research Unit for Water Quality, TU Wien, Karlsplatz 13/226-1, 1040, Vienna, Austria
| | - S Peer
- Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management - Research Unit for Water Quality, TU Wien, Karlsplatz 13/226-1, 1040, Vienna, Austria
| | - H Rechberger
- Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management - Research Unit for Waste and Resource Management, TU Wien, Karlsplatz 13/226-2, 1040, Vienna, Austria
| | - M Zessner
- Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management - Research Unit for Water Quality, TU Wien, Karlsplatz 13/226-1, 1040, Vienna, Austria
| | - O Zoboli
- Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management - Research Unit for Water Quality, TU Wien, Karlsplatz 13/226-1, 1040, Vienna, Austria.
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Wang Z, Lu J, Wu C. Preparation of Fe-filled MOF-Al-based hydrogel for efficient reclaim of phosphate from wastewater and reusing as a slow-release fertilizer. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 43:3329-3340. [PMID: 33886413 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.1921051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a novel Fe-filled MOF-Al-based hydrogel (SA@Fe@MOF-Al) was prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis. The SA@Fe@MOF-Al hydrogel bead was used as an adsorbent to adsorb H2PO4- from wastewater. The effects on adsorption were investigated, including pH and coexist ion. The adsorption reached equilibrium within 30 min. The maximum H2PO4- adsorption capacity of SA@Fe@MOF-Al was 103.09 mg g-1 at 298K with pH 7.0. Meanwhile, thermodynamic results confirmed that adsorption is exothermic and spontaneous. The adsorption kinetics displayed that SA@Fe@MOF-Al adsorption process was suitable to the pseudo-first-order and Langmuir model. Moreover, the feasibility of reusing the P-laden carrier material as a slow-release fertilizer was determined. The study results indicated that the product demonstrated excellent slow-release and water-retention properties. Thus, it has potential applications in improving soil moisture content and reducing soil moisture evaporation rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengxian Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiankang Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengyi Wu
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, Hubei, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Biologic Resources Protection and Utilization (Hubei Minzu University), Enshi, Hubei, People's Republic of China
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Liu Q, Wu C, Bin L, Li P, Gao X, Zhao Y, Huang S, Fu F, Tang B. Distribution characteristics of phosphorus-containing substances in a long running aerobic granular sludge-membrane bioreactor with no sludge discharge. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 347:126694. [PMID: 35017092 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed at revealing the distribution characteristics of phosphorus (P) containing substances in an aerobic granular sludge-membrane bioreactor (AGS-MBR). During the long running period (180 days) with no sludge discharge, AGS was successfully cultivated on day 20, and the system performed well in removing organic pollutants and total nitrogen (TN). However, the removal of total P (TP) showed a fluctuant tendency, and P was found to distribute in all the phases of the system. In the intracellular phase, it occupied the largest ratio all through the period. In AGS, inorganic P (IP) was measured to be about 74.4-77.8% of TP, with non-apatite IP (NAIP) composing 57.5-69.6%, while in organic P (OP), the ratio of monoester and diester phosphate was in the range of 19-26.9% and 12-13.5%, respectively. The presence of highly releasable and bioavailable P (NAIP + OP) in AGS implied that it might be a potential P resource for utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Chuandong Wu
- Guangdong Yuehai Water Investment Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518021, PR China
| | - Liying Bin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Ping Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Xinlei Gao
- Guangdong Yuehai Water Investment Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518021, PR China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Guangdong Yuehai Water Investment Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518021, PR China
| | - Shaosong Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Fenglian Fu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
| | - Bing Tang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China.
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Wang Q, Liao Z, Yao D, Yang Z, Wu Y, Tang C. Phosphorus immobilization in water and sediment using iron-based materials: A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 767:144246. [PMID: 33434847 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
As an essential element for life, phosphorus (P) is very important for organisms. However, excessive P in water and sediment can cause eutrophication, which poses a potential risk to drinking water safety and the sustainability of aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, effective phosphorus-control in water and sediment is the key strategy to control eutrophication. Iron-based materials exhibit high efficiency for P immobilization due to their strong affinity with P, low cost, easy availability, and environmentally friendliness. They are promising materials for controlling P in application. This work comprehensively summarizes the recent advances on P immobilization in water and sediment by different iron-based materials, including iron (hydr)oxides, iron salts, zero-valent iron and iron-loaded materials. This review is focused on the mechanism of the processes and how they are impacted by major influencing factors. The combination of iron-containing materials with other assisting materials is a good strategy to enhance P-fixation efficiency and selectivity. Finally, the current challenges and prospects of P-control technologies based on iron-containing materials are proposed. This review provides a systemic theoretical and experimental foundation for P-immobilization in water and sediment using iron-based materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qipeng Wang
- College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
| | - Zaiyi Liao
- College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China; Department of Architectural Science, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Dongxin Yao
- College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
| | - Zhengjian Yang
- College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China
| | - Yonghong Wu
- College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China; State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Institute of Soil Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Cilai Tang
- College of Hydraulic & Environmental Engineering, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei 443002, China.
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Ghirardini A, Zoboli O, Zessner M, Verlicchi P. Most relevant sources and emission pathways of pollution for selected pharmaceuticals in a catchment area based on substance flow analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 751:142328. [PMID: 33182006 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The release of micropollutants in surface water depends on different sources and on different pathways. Through substance flow analysis, this study estimates the annual load of two pharmaceuticals (carbamazepine and sulfamethoxazole) in a catchment area, due to different emission pathways: wastewater treatment plant effluent, combined sewer overflows, and runoff from sludge and manure amended soil. It emerged that wastewater treatment plant effluent is the main emission pathway for carbamazepine (98.5% referring to the total released annual load) and land runoff (98%) for sulfamethoxazole. The study also investigates the parameters (including manure disposed on the land, removal efficiency and combined sewer overflow flowrate) which mostly influence the results, and those which are affected by higher uncertainty. The most uncertain parameters are those determining the fate of pharmaceuticals once in soil and surface water. The study concludes with a comparison between the predicted concentrations in different points of the receiving water body of the two key compounds, modeled with substance flow analysis, and those directly measured in a dedicated sampling campaign. The main discrepancies were found for sulfamethoxazole. Future research focusing on monitoring campaigns under different weather conditions and in different environmental compartments (soil and water) will certainly provide new insights in this kind of study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ghirardini
- Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Ottavia Zoboli
- Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management, TU Wien, Karlsplatz 13/226, 1040 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Matthias Zessner
- Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management, TU Wien, Karlsplatz 13/226, 1040 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Paola Verlicchi
- Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Via Saragat 1, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy.
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Strategies for Sustainable and Circular Management of Phosphorus in the Baltic Sea Region: The Holistic Approach of the InPhos Project. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12062567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite the significant reduction of phosphorus (P) discharge in the Baltic Sea in the last decades, obtained through the implementation of some approaches within the Helsinki Convention, eutrophication is still considered the biggest problem for the Baltic Sea environment. Consequently, the reduction of P load is an urgent need to solve, but the complexity of both the environmental and legislative context of the area makes this process difficult (more than in the past). Eutrophication is an intricate issue requiring a proper framework of governance that is not easy to determine in the Baltic Sea Region where the needs of several different countries converge. To identify the most suitable strategy to reduce the eutrophication in the Baltic Sea, the InPhos project (no. 17022, 2018–2019, funded by the European Institute of Innovation & Technology (EIT) Raw Materials) adopted a holistic approach considering technical, political, economic, environmental and social aspects of P management. With the aims to raise awareness about the P challenge, foster the dialogue among all the stakeholders, and find solutions already developed in other countries (such as Germany and Switzerland) to be transferred in the Baltic Sea Region, the InPhos project consortium applied the methodology proposed in this paper, consisting of three main phases: (i) analysis of the available technologies to remove P from waste streams that contribute to eutrophication; (ii) analysis of the main streams involving P in Baltic Sea countries to highlight the potential of more sustainable and circular P management; (iii) study of the current context (e.g., already-existing initiatives and issues). This approach allowed us to identify four categories of recommendations and practical actions proposed to improve P management in the Baltic Sea region. During the project, the consortium mainly addressed social aspects. Following steps beyond the project will be more quantitative to determine the techno-economic feasibility of circular P management in selected demo cases in the region.
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Moretti B, Bertora C, Grignani C, Lerda C, Celi L, Sacco D. Conversion from mineral fertilisation to MSW compost use: Nitrogen fertiliser value in continuous maize and test on crop rotation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 705:135308. [PMID: 31841924 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The recycling of agricultural wastes, co-products, and by-products is necessary for creating circular economic (closed loop) agro-food chains and more sustainable agro-ecosystems. The substitution of N mineral fertilisers with recycled organic fertiliser promotes a circular economy, makes the agricultural system more environmentally sustainable, and guarantees food security. Results from a continuous maize experiment and four-year rotation cropping systems (maize, winter wheat, maize, and soybean) were used in a three-year study that replaced part or all mineral fertilisers with Municipal Solid Waste Compost (MSWC). In the first experiment, two different fertilisation strategies, MSWC only (M-Com) and mineral fertilisers (M-Min), were compared with zero nutrients (M-Test 0), whereas in the rotation cropping systems, mineral fertilisation (R-Min) was compared with a combination of MSWC and mineral fertilisers (R-Com + Min). Depressed yields resulted in the initial year of compost application, but by the middle term (three years), MSWC fertilisation showed a good N fertiliser value, mainly for yield summer crops and integrated with N mineral fertilisers. Different soil indicators and the N content in crop tissues and soil suggested that the scarce N availability recorded mainly during the first year is responsible for yield reduction. Due to limited supplies of MSWC, soil total N and the stable organic fraction bound tightly to minerals (MOM), did not vary significantly in the three-year experiment. Conversely, the more labile organic fraction (fPOM) increased only in the top soil layers (0-15 cm). Also in the top layer, M-Com increased the amount of organic fraction occluded into soil aggregates (oPOM). Furthermore, replacement of N mineral fertiliser with compost effectively mitigated N2O emissions in wheat and maize. Overall, the fertiliser value of MSWC was maximised when it was used repeatedly and in combination with mineral fertiliser, especially in spring and summer crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Moretti
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, via L. Da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy.
| | - Chiara Bertora
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, via L. Da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy.
| | - Carlo Grignani
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, via L. Da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy.
| | - Cristina Lerda
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, via L. Da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy.
| | - Luisella Celi
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, via L. Da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy.
| | - Dario Sacco
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, via L. Da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy.
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8
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Glaser B, Lehr VI. Biochar effects on phosphorus availability in agricultural soils: A meta-analysis. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9338. [PMID: 31249335 PMCID: PMC6597700 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45693-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is a limiting nutrient for plants and an essential element for all life on Earth. As the resources of phosphate rock are depleting, new management tools for environmentally friendly P fertilizers are needed. In order to achieve this, recent studies have proposed to use biochar, a carbon-rich solid product of thermochemical conversion of biomass with minimal or zero oxygen supply, as slow-release P fertilizer. However, the effects of biochar on plant-available P in soils have been reported to be variable. Therefore, we quantitatively evaluated existing peer-reviewed data using meta-analysis to draw general conclusions. In the present study, we evaluated 108 pairwise comparisons to their response of biochar application on P availability in soils. Our results indicate that biochar can act as a short-, mid-, and long-term P fertilizer with its effect depending on feedstock, pyrolysis temperature and application amount. Overall, the addition of biochar significantly increased the P availability in agricultural soil by a factor of 4.6 (95% confidence interval 3.4–5.9), independent of the used feedstock for biochar production. Only biochar application amounts above 10 Mg ha−1 and biochar produced at temperatures lower than 600 °C significantly increased the P availability of agricultural soils. The application of biochar to acid (pH < 6.5) and neutral soils (pH 6.5–7.5) significantly increased plant-P availability by a factor of 5.1 and 2.4, respectively (95% confidence interval 3.5–6.7 and 1.4–3.4, respectively), while there was no significant effect in alkaline soils (pH > 7.5). Taken together, this meta-analysis shows that biochar significantly enhances plant-available P in biochar-amended soils at least for five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Glaser
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Agronomy and Nutritional Sciences, Soil Biogeochemistry, von-Seckendorff-Platz 3, 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany.
| | - Verena-Isabell Lehr
- Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Institute of Agronomy and Nutritional Sciences, Soil Biogeochemistry, von-Seckendorff-Platz 3, 06120, Halle/Saale, Germany
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Tanzer J, Zoboli O, Zessner M, Rechberger H. Filling two needs with one deed: Potentials to simultaneously improve phosphorus and nitrogen management in Austria as an example for coupled resource management systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2018; 640-641:894-907. [PMID: 29879674 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.05.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The tremendous increase in resource consumption over the past century and the environmental challenges it entails has spurred discussions for a shift from a linear to a circular resource use. However, to date most resource studies are restricted to one material or a single sector or process. In this work, a coupled material flow analysis taking the national phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) system of Austria as an example for two closely connected resource systems is conducted. Effects of different measures aimed at reducing P and/or N-demand, increasing recycling or reducing emissions to air and water are compared to a reference state (representing the actual situation in 2015). Changes in the mineral fertilizer demand of the system, P and N losses in the waste sector, water emissions of P and N, P soil accumulation and atmospheric N emissions are analyzed. Overall positive feedbacks between measures and between different goals of one measure always outweigh negative ones, which is why the highest efficiency gains (57±4%) can be achieved by a combination of all the 16 measures studied. Potentials for the reduction of mineral fertilizer demand are larger than for emission reduction though, confirming the past priority of environmental protection over resource protection. Although coupling significantly raises model complexity it can be shown that material flows of more than one substance can be simultaneously analyzed in a rather complex system. This may reveal interrelations, co-benefits and trade-offs between different resources that might have been omitted in a mono-substance analysis and thus improve judgment of sustainability and viability of different management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Tanzer
- Centre for Water Resource Systems, TU Wien, Karlsplatz 13/222, Vienna 1040, Austria; Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management, TU Wien, Karlsplatz 13/226, Vienna 1040, Austria.
| | - Ottavia Zoboli
- Centre for Water Resource Systems, TU Wien, Karlsplatz 13/222, Vienna 1040, Austria; Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management, TU Wien, Karlsplatz 13/226, Vienna 1040, Austria
| | - Matthias Zessner
- Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management, TU Wien, Karlsplatz 13/226, Vienna 1040, Austria
| | - Helmut Rechberger
- Centre for Water Resource Systems, TU Wien, Karlsplatz 13/222, Vienna 1040, Austria; Institute for Water Quality and Resource Management, TU Wien, Karlsplatz 13/226, Vienna 1040, Austria
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Václavková Š, Šyc M, Moško J, Pohořelý M, Svoboda K. Fertilizer and Soil Solubility of Secondary P Sources-The Estimation of Their Applicability to Agricultural Soils. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:9810-9817. [PMID: 30078315 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b02105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The demand for phosphorus (P) sources is increasing with the growing world population, while objections to direct agricultural use of waste P sources, such as sewage sludge, are being raised. Therefore, the need arises to employ safe and efficient secondary P fertilizer sources, originating from P-rich wastes. These recycling sources are commonly tested in accordance with the current fertilizer rules, designed originally for conventional apatite-based P fertilizers. The behavior of sewage sludge ash, an inorganic recycling secondary P source, was investigated under soil-like conditions. Standardized soil P tests, including the soil buffering capacity test and the Olsen, the Mehlich3, and water extraction methods, were employed together with standardized fertilizer P-solubility tests by neutral ammonium citrate and 2% citric acid extraction. In addition, total content and the overall soil mobility of selected metallic elements present in sewage sludge ash were investigated. The suitability of standardized soil tests for the evaluation of recycling P sources was shown. An apparent influence of Ca:Al content ratio on sewage sludge ash behavior under different soil-like conditions shows the inadequacy of the current fertilizer test and the necessity to understand soil-like behavior of secondary P sources, when considering these as possible agricultural P bearers (fertilizers).
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Affiliation(s)
- Šárka Václavková
- Department of Environmental Engineering , Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS , v.v.i., Rozvojova 135 , 165 02 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Michal Šyc
- Department of Environmental Engineering , Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS , v.v.i., Rozvojova 135 , 165 02 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Moško
- Department of Environmental Engineering , Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS , v.v.i., Rozvojova 135 , 165 02 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Michael Pohořelý
- Department of Environmental Engineering , Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS , v.v.i., Rozvojova 135 , 165 02 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Karel Svoboda
- Department of Environmental Engineering , Institute of Chemical Process Fundamentals of the CAS , v.v.i., Rozvojova 135 , 165 02 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
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11
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Achieving Sustainable Phosphorus Use in Food Systems through Circularisation. SUSTAINABILITY 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/su10061804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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12
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Treatment of Source-Separated Blackwater: A Decentralized Strategy for Nutrient Recovery towards a Circular Economy. WATER 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/w10040463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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13
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Krüger O, Adam C. Phosphorus in recycling fertilizers - analytical challenges. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 155:353-358. [PMID: 28273620 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The importance of secondary raw materials for phosphorus (P) fertilizer production is expected to increase in the future due to resource depletion, supply risks, and heavy metal contamination of fossil phosphate resources. Municipal wastewater is a promising source for P recovery. In Germany for instance, it contains almost 50% of the total amount of P that is currently applied as mineral fertilizer. Several procedures have been developed to recover and re-use P resulting in a growing number of recycling fertilizers that are currently not regulated in terms of fertilizer efficiency. We tested various materials and matrices for their total P content, solubility of P in neutral ammonium citrate (Pnac) and water, and performed robustness tests to check if existing analytical methods are suitable for those new materials. Digestion with inverse aqua regia was best suited to determine the total P content. Pnac sample preparation and analyses were feasible for all matrices. However, we found significant time and temperature dependencies, especially for materials containing organic matter. Furthermore, several materials didn't reach equilibrium during the extractions. Thus, strict compliance of the test conditions is strongly recommended to achieve comparable results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Krüger
- Beuth University of Applied Sciences, Luxemburger Str. 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Christian Adam
- Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und -prüfung (BAM), Richard-Willstätter Str. 11, 12489 Berlin, Germany.
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14
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Ye Y, Ngo HH, Guo W, Liu Y, Li J, Liu Y, Zhang X, Jia H. Insight into chemical phosphate recovery from municipal wastewater. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 576:159-171. [PMID: 27783934 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.10.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Phosphate plays an irreplaceable role in the production of fertilizers. However, its finite availability may not be enough to satisfy increasing demands for the fertilizer production worldwide. In this scenario, phosphate recovery can effectively alleviate this problem. Municipal wastewater has received high priority to recover phosphate because its quantity is considerable. Therefore, phosphate recovery from municipal wastewater can bring many benefits such as relieving the burden of increasing production of fertilizers and reduction in occurrence of eutrophication caused by the excessive concentration of phosphate in the released effluent. The chemical processes are the most widely applied in phosphate recovery in municipal wastewater treatment because they are highly stable and efficient, and simple to operate. This paper compares chemical technologies for phosphate recovery from municipal wastewater. As phosphate in the influent is transferred to the liquid and sludge phases, a technical overview of chemical phosphate recovery in both phases is presented with reference to mechanism, efficiency and the main governing parameters. Moreover, an analysis on their applications at plant-scale is also presented. The properties of recovered phosphate and its impact on crops and plants are also assessed with a discussion on the economic feasibility of the technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyao Ye
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NWS 2007, Australia
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NWS 2007, Australia; Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China.
| | - Wenshan Guo
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NWS 2007, Australia
| | - Yiwen Liu
- Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NWS 2007, Australia
| | - Jixiang Li
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yi Liu
- Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Science, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Pudong, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinbo Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Jinjing Road 26, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Hui Jia
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin, 300387, China
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