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Siddiqui Z, Grohmann E, Malik A. Degradation of alkane hydrocarbons by Priestia megaterium ZS16 and sediments consortia with special reference to toxicity and oxidative stress induced by the sediments in the vicinity of an oil refinery. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 317:137886. [PMID: 36657569 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.137886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Petroleum hydrocarbon is a critical ecological issue with impact on ecosystems through bioaccumulation. It poses significant risks to human health. Due to the extent of alkane hydrocarbon pollution in some environments, biosurfactants are considered as a new multifunctional technology for the efficient removal of petroleum-based contaminants. To this end, Yamuna river sediments were collected at different sites in the vicinity of Mathura oil refinery, UP (India). They were analysed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for heavy metals and organic pollutants. Heptadecane, nonadecane, oleic acid ester and phthalic acid were detected. In total 107 bacteria were isolated from the sediments and screened for biosurfactant production. The most efficient biosurfactant producing strain was tested for its capability to degrade hexadecane efficiently at different time intervals (0 h, 7 d, 14 d and 21 d). FT-IR analysis defined the biosurfactant as lipopeptide. 16S rRNA gene sequencing identified the bacterium as Priestia megaterium. The strain lacks resistance to common antibiotics thus making it an important candidate for remediation. The microbial consortia present in the sediments were also investigated for their capability to degrade C16, C17 and C18 alkane hydrocarbons. By using gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry the metabolites were identified as 1-docosanol, dodecanoic acid, 7-hexadecenal, (Z)-, hexadecanoic acid, docosanoic acid, 1-hexacosanal, 9-octadecenoic acid, 3-octanone, Z,Z-6,28-heptatriactontadien-2-one, heptacosyl pentafluoropropionate, 1,30-triacontanediol and decyl octadecyl ester. Oxidative stress in Vigna radiata L. roots was observed by using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy. A strong reduction in seed germination and radicle and plumule length was observed when Vigna radiata L. was treated with different concentrations of sediment extracts, possibly due to the toxic effects of the pollutants in the river sediments. Thus, this study is significant since it considers the toxicological effects of hydrocarbons and to degrade them in an environmentally friendly manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarreena Siddiqui
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India
| | - Elisabeth Grohmann
- Berliner Hochschule für Technik, Faculty of Life Sciences and Technology, Seestraße 64, 13347, Berlin, Germany
| | - Abdul Malik
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, 202002, India.
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Leggett A, Li DW, Sindeldecker D, Staats A, Rigel N, Bruschweiler-Li L, Brüschweiler R, Stoodley P. Cadaverine Is a Switch in the Lysine Degradation Pathway in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Identified by Untargeted Metabolomics. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:833269. [PMID: 35237533 PMCID: PMC8884266 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.833269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a critical need to accurately diagnose, prevent, and treat biofilms in humans. The biofilm forming P. aeruginosa bacteria can cause acute and chronic infections, which are difficult to treat due to their ability to evade host defenses along with an inherent antibiotic-tolerance. Using an untargeted NMR-based metabolomics approach, we identified statistically significant differences in 52 metabolites between P. aeruginosa grown in the planktonic and lawn biofilm states. Among them, the metabolites of the cadaverine branch of the lysine degradation pathway were systematically decreased in biofilm. Exogenous supplementation of cadaverine caused significantly increased planktonic growth, decreased biofilm accumulation by 49% and led to altered biofilm morphology, converting to a pellicle biofilm at the air-liquid interface. Our findings show how metabolic pathway differences directly affect the growth mode in P. aeruginosa and could support interventional strategies to control biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail Leggett
- Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Da-Wei Li
- Campus Chemical Instrument Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Devin Sindeldecker
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Amelia Staats
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Nicholas Rigel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Lei Bruschweiler-Li
- Campus Chemical Instrument Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Rafael Brüschweiler
- Ohio State Biochemistry Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Campus Chemical Instrument Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- *Correspondence: Rafael Brüschweiler, ; Paul Stoodley,
| | - Paul Stoodley
- Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
- National Biofilm Innovation Centre (NBIC) and National Centre for Advanced Tribology at Southampton (nCATS), Mechanical Engineering, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Rafael Brüschweiler, ; Paul Stoodley,
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Microbial degradation of n-hexadecane using Pseudomonas aeruginosa PU1 isolated from transformer-oil contaminated soil. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2021.102213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Al-Kaabi MA, Zouari N, Da'na DA, Al-Ghouti MA. Adsorptive batch and biological treatments of produced water: Recent progresses, challenges, and potentials. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 290:112527. [PMID: 33895448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Produced water is responsible for the largest contribution in terms of waste stream volume associated with the production of oil and gas. Characterization of produced water is very crucial for the determination of its main components and constituents for optimal selection of the treatment method. This review aims to review and critically discuss various treatment options that can be considered cost-efficient and environmentally friendly for the removal of different pollutants from produced water. Great efforts and progresses were made in various treatment options, including batch adsorption processes, membrane filtration, advanced oxidation, biological systems, adsorption, coagulation, and combined processes. Chemical precipitation, membrane filtration, and adsorption have high removal efficiencies that can reach more than 90% for different produced water components. The most effective method among these methods is adsorption using different adsorbents media. In this review, date-pits activated carbons, microemulsions-modified date pits, and cellulose nanocrystals as low-cost adsorbents were thoroughly reviewed and discussed. Moreover, the potential of using biological treatments in the removal of various pollutants from produced water such as conventional activated sludge, sequential batch reactor, and fixed-film biological aerated filter reactors were systematically discussed. Generally, produced water can be utilized in various fields including habitat and wildlife, agricultural and irrigation sector, energy sector, fire control, industrial use also power regeneration. The degree of treatment will depend on the application that produced water is being reused in. For instance, to use produced water in oil and gas industries, water will require minimal treatment while for agricultural and drinking purposes high treatment level will be required. It can also be concluded that one specific technique cannot be recommended that will meet all requirements including environmental, reuse, and recycling for sustainable energy. This is because of various dominant factors including the type of field, platform type, chemical composition, geological location, and chemical composition of the production chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam A Al-Kaabi
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, State of Qatar, Doha. P.O. Box: 2713, Qatar
| | - Nabil Zouari
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, State of Qatar, Doha. P.O. Box: 2713, Qatar
| | - Dana Adel Da'na
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, State of Qatar, Doha. P.O. Box: 2713, Qatar
| | - Mohammad A Al-Ghouti
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, State of Qatar, Doha. P.O. Box: 2713, Qatar.
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Zhang L, Li X, Zuo W, Li S, Sun G, Wang W, Yu Y, Huang H. Root exuded low-molecular-weight organic acids affected the phenanthrene degrader differently: A multi-omics study. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 414:125367. [PMID: 33677320 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.125367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As a class of highly toxic and persistent organic pollutants, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are an increasingly urgent environmental problem. Low-molecular-weight organic acids (LMWOAs) are important factors that regulate the degradation of PAHs by plant rhizosphere microorganisms, which affect the absorption of PAHs by plant roots. However, the comprehensive mechanisms by which LMWOAs influence the biodegradation of PAHs at cellular and omics levels are still unknown. Here, we systematically analyzed the roles of citric, glutaric and oxalic acid in the PAH-degradation process, and investigated the mechanisms through which these three LMWOAs enhance phenanthrene (PHE) biodegradation by B. subtilis ZL09-26. The results showed that LMWOAs can improve the solubility and biodegradation of PHE, enhance cell growth and activity, and relieve membrane and oxidative stress. Citric acid enhanced PHE biodegradation mainly by improving the strain's cell proliferation and activity, while glutaric and oxalic acid accelerated PHE biodegradation mainly by improving the expression of enzymes and providing energy for the cells of B. subtilis ZL09-26. This study provides new insights into rhizospheric bioremediation mechanisms, which may enable the development of new biostimulation techniques to improve the bioremediation of PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China; College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiujuan Li
- College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenlu Zuo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China; College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Li
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China
| | - Gangzheng Sun
- Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering and Technology, Shengli Oilfield Company, Sinopec, Dongying 257067, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Wang
- Research Institute of Petroleum Engineering and Technology, Shengli Oilfield Company, Sinopec, Dongying 257067, People's Republic of China
| | - Yadong Yu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China; College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
| | - He Huang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, People's Republic of China; College of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210009, People's Republic of China.
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Isolation and characterization of a novel hydrocarbonoclastic and biosurfactant producing bacterial strain: Fictibacillus phosphorivorans RP3. 3 Biotech 2021; 11:105. [PMID: 33552833 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02655-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, an indigenous novel hydrocarbonoclastic (kerosene and diesel degrading) and biosurfactant producing strain Fictibacillus phosphorivorans RP3 was identified. The characteristics of bacterial strain were ascertained through its unique morphological and biochemical attributes, 16S rRNA sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis. The degradation of hydrocarbons by F. phosphorivorans RP3 was observed at Day 7, Day 10 and Day 14 of the experimental duration. GC-FID chromatograms demonstrated a significant increase in hydrocarbon degradation (%) with progressing days (from 7 to 14). The bacterium exhibited capability to utilize and degrade n-hexadecane (used for primary screening) and petroleum hydrocarbons (kerosene and diesel; by ≥ 90%). With increase in the number of experimentation days, the optical density of the culture medium increased, whereas pH declined (became acidic) for both Kerosene and Diesel. Absence of resistance to routinely used antibiotics makes it an ideal candidate for future field application. The study is, thus, significant in view of toxicological implications of hydrocarbons and their degradation using environmentally safe techniques so as to maintain ecological and human health.
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Yin Q, Nie M, Diwu Z, Zhang Y, Wang L, Yin D, Li L. Establishment and application of a novel fluorescence-based analytical method for the rapid detection of viable bacteria in different samples. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:3933-3943. [PMID: 32724967 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay01247e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A rapid method for readily detecting the total numbers of viable bacterial cells in numerous samples (including surface water, solid inoculants, and soil samples) is reported using a newly developed hand-held fluorometer and a fluorescent dye Calcein UltraGreen™ AM. Compared to the traditional plate counting method that requires 48 hours of cultivation, the newly established method does not require any incubation time, making the detection method faster and more convenient. The portable rapid detection fluorometer has a wide dynamic range of relative fluorescence intensity from 45 to 30 133. It can detect bacterial concentration ranging from 105 to 1010 cells per mL. This newly established method has good applicability for accurately and quickly detecting the cell number of viable bacteria in various samples. The results of the fluorescence-based method were compared with those of the traditional plate counting method, and it was found that the relative standard deviation was less than 6%. This new rapid measurement system provides a robust method for the rapid on-site detection of viable bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyue Yin
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, Shanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
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Nie H, Nie M, Diwu Z, Wang L, Yan H, Lin Y, Zhang B, Wang Y. Biological treatment of high salinity and low pH produced water in oilfield with immobilized cells of P. aeruginosa NY3 in a pilot-scale. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 381:121232. [PMID: 31563036 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Produced water (PW) in oilfield, as the largest waste streams in the oil and gas production, has posed a huge threat to the ecosystem. In this work, an environmentally friendly and recyclable biofilms have been developed for treating PW. We discovered that the cells of P. aeruginosa NY3 could be easily immobilized on the surface of polyurethane foam (PUF). Removal efficiency of oil and suspended solids (SS) by immobilized P. aeruginosa NY3 was keeping above 80% and 76% both in a laboratory scale and a pilot scale under suitable pH. Low pH and high value of SS had negative effect on the degradation of oil and SS by P. aeruginosa NY3. Recovery test showed that, the activity of biofilms P. aeruginosa NY3 after running in a pilot scale could be recovered in 5 days. Removal ability of oil in the real PW by the recovered biofilms of P. aeruginosa NY3 was even higher than that of the freshly prepared biofilms. These results indicated that, with a simple pH adjustment, immobilized P. aeruginosa NY3 could be recycled for removing oil and SS in the raw PW resulted from oil production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyun Nie
- School of Environmental and Munichazipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Membrane Separation of Shaanxi Province, No. 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Maiqian Nie
- School of Environmental and Munichazipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Membrane Separation of Shaanxi Province, No. 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhenjun Diwu
- School of Environmental and Munichazipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Membrane Separation of Shaanxi Province, No. 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lei Wang
- School of Environmental and Munichazipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Membrane Separation of Shaanxi Province, No. 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Han Yan
- School of Environmental and Munichazipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Lin
- School of Environmental and Munichazipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Bo Zhang
- School of Environmental and Munichazipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Environmental and Munichazipal Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, No. 13 Yanta Road, Xi'an 710055, Shaanxi Province, People's Republic of China
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Liu Y, Yin H, Wei K, Peng H, Lu G, Dang Z. Biodegradation of tricresyl phosphate isomers by Brevibacillus brevis: Degradation pathway and metabolic mechanism. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 232:195-203. [PMID: 31154180 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.05.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Tricresyl phosphates (TCPs), a typical sort of organophosphate flame retardants, has received extensive concerns due to its potential adverse effects. However, limited information is available on the efficient and safe removal methods of TCPs. In this regard, TCPs were tentatively biodegraded with Brevibacillus brevis. A probable degradation pathway was further proposed with the cellular reactions discussed in detail. Experiments showed that B. brevis at 2 g L-1 could degrade 1 mg L-1 tri-m-cresyl phosphate, tri-p-cresyl phosphate, and tri-o-cresyl phosphate by 82.91%, 93.91%, and 53.92%, respectively, within five days. In the process of biodegradation, B. brevis metabolism caused the release of Na+ and Cl- as well as the absorption of some nutrient ions including K+, PO43-, Mg2+, and SO42-; the presence of oxalic acid, citric acid, acetic acid, and malonic acid was also detected. Similar metabolic pathways were found among different TCPs isomers, but tri-o-cresyl phosphate induced more reactive oxygen species than the other two did. This work develops novel insights into the potential mechanisms of TCPs biodegradation by microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Hua Yin
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Kun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Hui Peng
- Department of Chemistry, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Guining Lu
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Zhi Dang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, PR China
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Solyanikova IP, Golovleva LA. Hexadecane and Hexadecane-Degrading Bacteria: Mechanisms of Interaction. Microbiology (Reading) 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026261718060152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Structure elucidation and proposed de novo synthesis of an unusual mono-rhamnolipid by Pseudomonas guguanensis from Chennai Port area. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5992. [PMID: 30979908 PMCID: PMC6461634 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42045-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we describe the isolation of an unusual type of high molecular weight monorhamnolipid attached to esters of palmitic, stearic, hexa and octadecanoic acids as against the routinely reported di-rhamnolipids linked to hydroxydecanoic acids. The bioemulsifier was column-purified and the chemical nature of the compound was elucidated using FT-IR, GC-MS and 1D [1H and13C] and 2D NMR. This monorhamnolipid is extracted from a bacterium, Pseudomonas guganensis and is not reported to have biological activities, let alone emulsification abilities. The bacterium continually produced rhamnolipids when nourished with n-hexadecane as its lone carbon source. The extracellularly secreted monorhamnolipids are capable of degrading hydrocarbons, with most preference to n-hexadecane [EI24 of 56 ± 1.42% by 2 mL of the spent medium]. Whilst the crude ethyl acetate partitioned extract had an EI24 of 65 ± 1.43%; the purified rhamnolipid product showed 78 ± 1.75% both at 12.5 mg/mL concentration. The used-up n-hexadecane is biotransformed to prepare its own rhamnolipids which in return is utilized to degrade n-alkanes thus creating a circular pathway which is proposed herein. This bacterium can be seen as a new source of bioemulsifier to reduce hydrocarbon in polluted waters.
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Al-Hawash AB, Zhang J, Li S, Liu J, Ghalib HB, Zhang X, Ma F. Biodegradation of n-hexadecane by Aspergillus sp. RFC-1 and its mechanism. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 164:398-408. [PMID: 30142606 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fungi can use n-hexadecane (HXD) as a sole carbon source. But the mechanism of HXD degradation remains unclear. This work mainly aimed to study the degradation of HXD by Aspergillus sp. RFC-1 obtained from oil-contaminated soil. The HXD content, medium acidification and presence of hexadecanoic acid in the medium were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and fungal growth was observed. Enzyme and gene expression assays suggested the involvement of an alkane hydroxylase, an alcohol dehydrogenase, and a P450 enzyme system in HXD degradation. A biosurfactant produced by the strain RFC-1 was also characterized. During 10 days of incubation, 86.3% of HXD was degraded by RFC-1. The highest activities of alkane hydroxylase (125.4 µmol mg-1 protein) and alcohol dehydrogenase (12.5 µmol mg-1 proteins) were recorded. The expression level of cytochrome P450 gene associated with oxidation was induced (from 0.94-fold to 5.45-fold) under the HXD condition by Real-time PCR analysis. In addition, HXD accumulated in inclusion bodies of RFC-1with the maximum of 5.1 g L-1. Results of blood agar plate and thin-layer chromatography analysis showed RFC-1 released high lipid and emulsification activity in the fungal culture. Induced cell surface hydrophobicity and reduced surface tension also indicated the RFC-1-mediated biosurfactant production, which facilitated the HXD degradation and supported the degradation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adnan B Al-Hawash
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; Ministry of Education, Directorate of Education, Basra 61001, Iraq
| | - Jialong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shue Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jiashu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hussein B Ghalib
- Department of Geology, College of Sciences, University of Basrah, Basra 61001, Iraq
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Fuying Ma
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of MOE, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
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