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Li H, Xiang Y, Yang W, Lin T, Xiao Q, Zhang G. Green roof development knowledge map: A review of visual analysis using CiteSpace and VOSviewer. Heliyon 2024; 10:e24958. [PMID: 38356566 PMCID: PMC10864920 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Green roofs are generally acknowledged as environmentally sustainable roof systems with several environmental, economic, and social benefits, as well as an effective and practical strategy for mitigating the negative consequences of urbanization. In this paper, we used CiteSpace and VOSviewer bibliometric software for visual analysis, citation analysis, co-authorship network, co-citation analysis, and keyword analysis for descriptive statistics on 3986 articles on "green roofs" published in the Web of Science core database since 2000. Descriptive statistics were used for citation analysis, co-authorship network, co-citation analysis, and keyword analysis. According to a review of green roofing-related research literature, (1) Through analysis from three dimensions of country, institution, and author, it was found that China, the United States, and Italy ranked among the top three countries in terms of green roof publication volume; All but three of the top 10 institutions in terms of publications are from China and all are from developed countries; A large-scale collaborative network has not yet formed among authors. (2) Through keyword clustering analysis, it was found that "green roof," "performance," and "UHI" were the three keywords with the highest frequency. The research direction of this theme mainly includes five primary themes: rainwater management, urban biodiversity, building energy efficiency, alleviating urban heat islands and improving air quality, sustainable development, and public health. Through keyword hot words, it is found that the frequency of occurrence is relatively high, mainly involving energy conservation, alleviating urban heat islands, biodiversity, and sustainable development. The research on sustainable development, its impact on urban microclimate, and air quality remains a hot topic through keyword highlighting. (3) Co-citation analysis was used to identify the most influential journals, highly cited publications, and authors. (4) Three potential study objectives have been identified: synergistic development with other green infrastructures from an urban planning standpoint, localized research on green roofs, and photovoltaic green roofs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbing Li
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Sanya Science and Education Innovation Park, Wuhan University of Technology, Sanya, 572024, China
| | - Yuran Xiang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Sanya Science and Education Innovation Park, Wuhan University of Technology, Sanya, 572024, China
| | - Wanjun Yang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Sanya Science and Education Innovation Park, Wuhan University of Technology, Sanya, 572024, China
| | - Tao Lin
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Sanya Science and Education Innovation Park, Wuhan University of Technology, Sanya, 572024, China
| | - Qiankun Xiao
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Sanya Science and Education Innovation Park, Wuhan University of Technology, Sanya, 572024, China
| | - Guoquan Zhang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, China
- Sanya Science and Education Innovation Park, Wuhan University of Technology, Sanya, 572024, China
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Xie L, Timonen S, Gange AC, Kuoppamäki K, Hagner M, Lehvävirta S. Effect of weather conditions, substrate pH, biochar amendment and plant species on two plant growth-promoting microbes on vegetated roofs and facades. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09560. [PMID: 35677418 PMCID: PMC9167976 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Vegetated building envelopes (VBEs), such as vegetated roofs and facades, are becoming more frequent in urban planning nowadays. However, harsh growing conditions restrain the application of VBEs. Plant growth-promoting microbes (PGPMs) might help ease the stresses, but first, it is necessary to investigate how to ensure their survival and growth under VBE conditions. Methods We conducted three experiments to test the impact of various factors on the microbial populations of inoculated PGPMs in VBEs, a mycorrhizal fungus Rhizophagus irregularis and a bacterium Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The first experiment was conducted by inoculating the two PGPMs separately in Sedum roof plots, and the microbial populations associated with Poa alpina was monitored for two consecutive years under local weather conditions. The second experiment was conducted in a laboratory testing the effect of substrate pH (substrates collected from balcony gardens) on R. irregularis population associated with Trifolium repens and Viola tricolor. The third experiment was conducted on a meadow roof testing the effect of biochar amendment on R. irregularis population associated with Thymus serpyllum and Fragaria vesca. Results In the first experiment, Bacillus was found to associate with P. alpina, but Rhizophagus wasn't. Yet, the fungus induced high Bacillus population density in the Rhizophagus treated plots in the first year. In the second experiment, Rhizophagus abundance in T. repens was higher in the neutral substrate (6–6.5), while V. tricolor was more colonized in acidic substrate (5–5.5), suggesting an important interactive effect of substrate pH and plant species on Rhizophagus abundance. The third experiment suggested a negligible impact of biochar amendment on Rhizophagus abundance for both host plants. Conclusion Three experiments demonstrate that PGPM inoculation on VBEs is feasible, and various factors and interactions affect the PGPM populations. This paper provides reference and inspiration for other VBE research involving substrate microbial manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Long Xie
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 27, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Sari Timonen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Helsinki, PO Box 56, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Alan C Gange
- Department of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Kirsi Kuoppamäki
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, FI-15140, Lahti, Finland
| | - Marleena Hagner
- Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), FI-31600, Jokioinen, Finland
| | - Susanna Lehvävirta
- Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme, Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Helsinki, PO Box 65, FI-00014, Finland
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Liu H, Yin H, Kong F, Middel A, Zheng X, Huang J, Sun T, Wang D, Lensky IM. Change of nutrients, microorganisms, and physical properties of exposed extensive green roof substrate. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 805:150344. [PMID: 34818784 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Green roofs (GR) can be used as a nature-based solution to tackle eco-environmental problems caused by climate change and rapid urbanization. The substrate in the GRs is the growing medium for vegetation, and its properties directly affect the ecosystem services of GRs. To investigate the characteristic changes of an exposed substrate after the removal of vegetation, a one-year field experiment was conducted. Substrate properties were comprehensively compared for areas in GR that were planted with Sedum lineare and those with bare substrate. Results show that vegetation cover not only prevented substrate loss by 5.14% (p < 0.05) but also protected the chemical, microbial, and physical properties of the substrate. Moreover, the structure of the substrate changed, as evidenced by a significant increase in fine sand (p < 0.05). The results highlight that attention should be paid to maintaining vegetation cover during GR management. In addition, extensive GRs may not be suitable for fallowing. Once a GR has been established, it needs regular maintenance. Otherwise, the ecological and economic benefits of the GR may be reduced. The findings of the present study can be used to determine the life-cycle costs. Further research should focus on differences in the substrate loss rates, runoff, and temperatures of the substrates under exposure and vegetation cover. The microbial changes after revegetation should also be studied to clarify the role of vegetation in GR ecosystems. The present study provides a reference for improving GR management and ensuring their sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqing Liu
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Xianlin Ave. 163, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Haiwei Yin
- School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Nanjing University, No. 22, Hankou Road, 210093 Nanjing, China
| | - Fanhua Kong
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Xianlin Ave. 163, 210023 Nanjing, China.
| | - Ariane Middel
- School of Arts, Media and Engineering, Arizona State University, 950 S. Forest Mall, Stauffer B258, 85281 Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Xiandi Zheng
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Xianlin Ave. 163, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Huang
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Xianlin Ave. 163, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Tao Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Ding Wang
- School of Geography and Ocean Science, Nanjing University, Xianlin Ave. 163, 210023 Nanjing, China
| | - Itamar M Lensky
- Department of Geography and Environment, Bar-Ilan University, 5290002 Ramat-Gan, Israel
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Biodiversity Impact of Green Roofs and Constructed Wetlands as Progressive Eco-Technologies in Urban Areas. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11205846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The total amount of sealed surfaces is increasing in many urban areas, which presents a challenge for sewerage systems and wastewater treatment plants when extreme rainfall events occur. One promising solution approach is the application of decentralized eco-technologies for water management such as green roofs and constructed wetlands, which also have the potential to improve urban biodiversity. We review the effects of these two eco-technologies on species richness, abundance and other facets of biodiversity (e.g., functional diversity). We find that while green roofs support fewer species than ground-level habitats and thus are not a substitute for the latter, the increase in green roof structural diversity supports species richness. Species abundance benefits from improved roof conditions (e.g., increased substrate depth). Few studies have investigated the functional diversity of green roofs so far, but the typical traits of green roof species have been identified. The biodiversity of animals in constructed wetlands can be improved by applying animal-aided design rather than by solely considering engineering requirements. For example, flat and barrier-free shore areas, diverse vegetation, and heterogeneous surroundings increase the attractiveness of constructed wetlands for a range of animals. We suggest that by combining and making increasing use of these two eco-technologies in urban areas, biodiversity will benefit.
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Nguyen TT, Ngo HH, Guo W, Wang XC, Ren N, Li G, Ding J, Liang H. Implementation of a specific urban water management - Sponge City. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 652:147-162. [PMID: 30359798 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.10.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Climate change, rapid urbanization and inappropriate urban planning policies in many countries have resulted in urban water-related problems, such as flooding disasters, water pollution and water shortages. To tackle these issues, the specific urban water management strategy known as Sponge City has been implemented in China since 2013. This is a complex method and one involving many challenges. This paper critically assesses the approaches associated with conventional urban water management. The Sponge City concept and its adoption are then scrutinized to comprehensively assess the limitations and opportunities. It emerges that Sponge City has four main principles, these being: urban water resourcing, ecological water management, green infrastructures, and urban permeable pavement. The uncertainties in Sponge City design and planning, and financial insufficiencies are the most serious problems that can risk the failure of the Sponge City concept. While significant barriers exist, the opportunities for implementing a Sponge City are evident. To obtain multi-ecosystem services of Sponge City, it should be implemented at the watershed scales and be flexible, depending on different decision levels or catchment characteristics. It is essential to apply an intelligent decision-making mechanism and consider the need for close cooperation between various agencies with which the central government can work. A suitable sized and harmonious Sponge City, ensuring a good balance between socio-economic development and environmental conservation, is the ideal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thu Thuy Nguyen
- Center for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Huu Hao Ngo
- Center for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - Wenshan Guo
- Center for Technology in Water and Wastewater, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Technology Sydney Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Xiaochang C Wang
- International S&T Cooperation Center for Urban Alternative Water Resources Development, Key Lab of Environmental Engineering, Shaanxi Province, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an 710055, China
| | - Nanqi Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Guibai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Jie Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Heng Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment (SKLUWRE), Harbin Institute of Technology, 73 Huanghe Road, Nangang District, Harbin 150090, China
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Zhang K, Chui TFM. Linking hydrological and bioecological benefits of green infrastructures across spatial scales - A literature review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 646:1219-1231. [PMID: 30235608 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Green infrastructure (GI) mitigates the negative effects of urbanization and provides hydrological and bioecological benefits. However, these benefits are highly scale-dependent because the processes involved vary at different spatial scales; there are thus additional challenges in GI planning when multiple benefits are targeted. Therefore, it is necessary to review and summarize the theoretical understandings and practical experience obtained from previous studies and projects related to the hydrological and bioecological benefits of GI practices. In this review, we elaborate the conceptual linkages between the hydrological and bioecological benefits of GI practices across different scales. Smaller-scale benefits lay the foundation for larger-scale benefits. Hydrological benefits drive bioecological benefits by providing consistent water flows and maintaining a suitable soil environment. Bioecological benefits in turn enhance hydrological benefits by increasing water uptake and filtration via more active biological processes. We next summarize the study area sizes of existing studies and categorize them according to their study approaches and targeted benefits. The study area sizes in studies that make use of laboratory experiments, numerical modeling, and remote sensing have increased in recent years and vary greatly between each type of study; the study area size in studies of bioecological benefits was larger than in studies of hydrological and water quality benefits. However, there is a research gap in studies of bioecological benefits at the catchment scale. Furthermore, we summarize the major research topics and findings of bioecological benefits of GI practices at different spatial scales. We conclude this review with recommendations for future research, which include performing more studies at the catchment scale, developing hydro-bioecological statistical relationships to simplify the quantification of bioecological benefits, and developing databases to document the bioecological benefits of GI practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Zhang
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Ting Fong May Chui
- Department of Civil Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong.
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Fulthorpe R, MacIvor JS, Jia P, Yasui SLE. The Green Roof Microbiome: Improving Plant Survival for Ecosystem Service Delivery. Front Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2018.00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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