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Xu B, Qu J, Wang X, Wang L, Pu Y, Ning P, Xie Y, Ma Y, Ma Q. Unravelling the nature of the active species as well as the Mn doping effect over gamma-Al 2O 3 catalyst for eliminating AsH 3 and PH 3. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 136:213-225. [PMID: 37923432 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the enhancing effect of Mn on the performance of simultaneous catalytic oxidation of AsH3 and PH3 by CuO-Al2O3 in a reducing atmosphere under micro-oxygen conditions, Cu-Mn modified γ-Al2O3 catalysts were prepared. The characteristics of the catalysts showed that Mn reduced the crystallinity of the active CuO component, increased the number of oxygen vacancies and acidic sites on the catalyst surface, enhanced the mobility of surface oxygen, and the interaction between copper and manganese promoted the redox cycling ability of the catalysts and improved their oxidation performance, which increased the conversion frequency (TOF) by 2.54 × 10-2 to 3.07 × 10-2 sec-1. On the other hand, the introduction of Mn reduced the production of phosphate and As2O3 on the catalyst surface by 30.96% and 44.9%, which reduced the coverage and inerting of the active sites by phosphate and As2O3, resulting in an 8 hr (6 hr) improvement in the stability of PH3 (AsH3) removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Xu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Jiaxin Qu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Xueqian Wang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Langlang Wang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yu Pu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Ping Ning
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
| | - Yibing Xie
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Yixing Ma
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
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2
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Zhao X, Wu H, Yue S, Chen X, Huang Y, Cao H, Liao M. Role of CYP6MS subfamily enzymes in detoxification of Sitophilus zeamais after exposure to terpinen-4-ol and limonene. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:105426. [PMID: 37248004 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Food security is an important basis and guarantee to national safety, the loss caused by storage pests was a serious problem which affects the food security widely. Frequent application of chemical pesticides caused several critical crises including the development of resistance, pesticide residues, environmental pollution, and exposure risk to human or non-target organisms. The utilization of volatile components acts as a natural alternative for controlling storage pests has aroused extensive interest in recent years. It has been reported that terpinene-4-ol and limonene showed significant insecticidal activity against Sitophilus zeamais in our previous studies, which was evaluated to have strong influences to CYP450 genes. To determine the links and roles of related genes, we identified the SzCYP6MS subfamily genes which encoded a putative protein of 493 or 494 amino acids. Then, the expression of four CYP6MS subfamily genes were increased significantly under the fumigation stress by terpinen-4-ol and limonene, which was determined by the RT-qPCR analysis compared with non-fumigated colonies. In addition, we determined that RNAi-mediated CYP6MS genes knockdown significantly increased the sensitivity of S. zeamais to terpinen-4-ol and limonene, the mortality rates of insects with knocked down CYP6MS1, CYP6MS5, CYP6MS6, CYP6MS8, and CYP6MS9 genes increased by 25%, 25%, 16%, 17%, and 4% in terpinen-4-ol treatment groups and by 29%, 25%, 15%, 22%, and 3% in limonene treatment groups compared with that in the control groups, respectively. Finally, it was validated that CYP6MS5 exhibited the most stable binding with terpinen-4-ol that was similar to the result between CYP6MS8 and limonene which were verified by molecular docking analysis. In together, this study demonstrates the potential of terpinen-4-ol and limonene used as novel botanical pesticides to control storage pests, thereby reducing application of chemical pesticides and postponing resistance development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinping Zhao
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Hailong Wu
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Shuaili Yue
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Yong Huang
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Haiqun Cao
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
| | - Min Liao
- Anhui Province Engineering Laboratory for Green Pesticide Development and Application, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Crop Integrated Pest Management, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China.
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Weihrauch C, Boie F, Neumann J, von Sperber C. Transferring network analysis to the study of potential biogeochemical interactions of phosphorus-relevant elements in floodplain subsoils - A new use case for the Soilscape Network Approach (SNAp). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 850:158072. [PMID: 35985589 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Subsurface phosphorus (P) loss from deep P stocks in floodplain subsoils can contribute to eutrophication of freshwaters. To date, knowledge on the complex biogeochemical interactions of P in floodplain subsoils is too scarce to enable targeted P management to mitigate subsurface P loss from deep P stocks. We propose using graph theory and the Soilscape Network Approach (SNAp) based on correlations between P-relevant elements to study these complex biogeochemical interactions in the soilscape. Complex interactions of several elements in soils are difficult to investigate from a holistic perspective with conventional data analysis. We translated soil element data from topsoils and subsoils of terrestrial sites, proximal and distal floodplain sites into relational data and analyzed network structure, centrality, and modularity. The results indicate that a higher frequency of groundwater level fluctuations in distal subsoils and proximal topsoils could result in 24-44 % less biogeochemical interaction compared to sites with stable conditions. Impeded microbial processes on the frequently disturbed sites may explain this finding. Our analyses suggest biogeochemical differences between floodplain topsoils and subsoils expressed in 24 % lower and 75 % higher network connectivity in distal and proximal subsoils (respectively). We also found 22 % lower network connectivity in distal than proximal floodplain subsoils, suggesting biogeochemical differences between both soil sections. These findings imply that floodplain P management should not take a whole-floodplain approach but a 3D-approach, which differentiates laterally between floodplain zones and vertically between soil sections. In addition, SNAp indicated that Fe(II) oxides are important in P biogeochemistry of floodplain subsoils but are not the key element. Instead, labile P forms are suggested to have different major associations in distal (Alox, Feox) versus proximal deep P stocks (Alox, Mn, Ca). Our study provides new insights into the biogeochemistry of deep P stocks in floodplain subsoils which require targeted validation by other methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Weihrauch
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Soil and Groundwater Management, University of Wuppertal, Pauluskirchstrasse 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany.
| | - Felizitas Boie
- School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Soil and Groundwater Management, University of Wuppertal, Pauluskirchstrasse 7, 42285 Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Janice Neumann
- Department of Geography, McGill University, 805 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Christian von Sperber
- Department of Geography, McGill University, 805 Sherbrooke Street West, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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Viana RB, Savedra RM, da Silva AB. A mechanistic view of the reaction between phosphine and fluorine atom: insights into PH3F isomers. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2022.113769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Fan Y, Niu X, Zhang D, Lin Z, Fu M, Zhou S. Analysis of the characteristics of phosphine production by anaerobic digestion based on microbial community dynamics, metabolic pathways, and isolation of the phosphate-reducing strain. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 262:128213. [PMID: 33182078 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although phosphine is ubiquitously present in anaerobic environments, little is known regarding the microbial community dynamics and metabolic pathways associated with phosphine formation in an anaerobic digestion system. This study investigated the production of phosphine in anaerobic digestion, with results indicating that phosphine production mainly occurred during logarithmic microbial growth. Dehydrogenase and hydrogen promoted the production of phosphine, with a maximum phosphine concentration of 300 mg/m3. The abundance of Ruminococcaceae and Escherichia was observed to promote phosphine generation. The analysis of metabolic pathways based on the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and the MetaCyc pathway database revealed the highest relative abundance of replication and repair in genetic information processing; further, the cofactor, prosthetic group, electron carrier, and vitamin biosynthesis were observed to be closely related to phosphine formation. A phylogenetic tree was reconstructed based on the neighbor-joining method. The results indicated the clear evolutionary position of the isolated Pseudescherichia sp. SFM4 strain, adjacent to Escherichia, with a stable phosphate-reducing ability for a maximum phosphine concentration of 26 mg/m3. The response surface experiment indicated that the initial optimal conditions for phosphine production by SFM4 could be achieved with nitrogen, carbon, and phosphorus loads of 6.17, 300, and 10 mg/L, respectively, at pH 7.47. These results provide comprehensive insights into the dynamic changes in the microbial structure, isolated single bacterial strain, and metabolic pathways associated with phosphine formation. They also provide information on the molecular biology associated with phosphorus recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Fan
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Xiaojun Niu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China; School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, China; Sino-Singapore International Joint Research Institute, Guangzhou, 510700, PR China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Pollution Control, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China; The Key Lab of Pollution Control and Ecosystem Restoration in Industry Clusters, Ministry of Education, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou, 510006, PR China.
| | - Dongqing Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming, 525000, China.
| | - Zhang Lin
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Mingli Fu
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Shaoqi Zhou
- School of Environment and Energy, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Sousa-Silva C, Seager S, Ranjan S, Petkowski JJ, Zhan Z, Hu R, Bains W. Phosphine as a Biosignature Gas in Exoplanet Atmospheres. ASTROBIOLOGY 2020; 20:235-268. [PMID: 31755740 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2018.1954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
A long-term goal of exoplanet studies is the identification and detection of biosignature gases. Beyond the most discussed biosignature gas O2, only a handful of gases have been considered in detail. In this study, we evaluate phosphine (PH3). On Earth, PH3 is associated with anaerobic ecosystems, and as such, it is a potential biosignature gas in anoxic exoplanets. We simulate the atmospheres of habitable terrestrial planets with CO2- and H2-dominated atmospheres and find that PH3 can accumulate to detectable concentrations on planets with surface production fluxes of 1010 to 1014 cm-2 s-1 (corresponding to surface concentrations of 10s of ppb to 100s of ppm), depending on atmospheric composition and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. While high, the surface flux values are comparable to the global terrestrial production rate of methane or CH4 (1011 cm-2 s-1) and below the maximum local terrestrial PH3 production rate (1014 cm-2 s-1). As with other gases, PH3 can more readily accumulate on low-UV planets, for example, planets orbiting quiet M dwarfs or with a photochemically generated UV shield. PH3 has three strong spectral features such that in any atmosphere scenario one of the three will be unique compared with other dominant spectroscopic molecules. Phosphine's weakness as a biosignature gas is its high reactivity, requiring high outgassing rates for detectability. We calculate that tens of hours of JWST (James Webb Space Telescope) time are required for a potential detection of PH3. Yet, because PH3 is spectrally active in the same wavelength regions as other atmospherically important molecules (such as H2O and CH4), searches for PH3 can be carried out at no additional observational cost to searches for other molecular species relevant to characterizing exoplanet habitability. Phosphine is a promising biosignature gas, as it has no known abiotic false positives on terrestrial planets from any source that could generate the high fluxes required for detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Sousa-Silva
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Physics, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Sara Seager
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Physics, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts
- Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Sukrit Ranjan
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts
- SCOL Postdoctoral Fellow
| | - Janusz Jurand Petkowski
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Zhuchang Zhan
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Renyu Hu
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California
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Bains W, Petkowski JJ, Sousa-Silva C, Seager S. Trivalent Phosphorus and Phosphines as Components of Biochemistry in Anoxic Environments. ASTROBIOLOGY 2019; 19:885-902. [PMID: 30896974 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2018.1958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus is an essential element for all life on Earth, yet trivalent phosphorus (e.g., in phosphines) appears to be almost completely absent from biology. Instead phosphorus is utilized by life almost exclusively as phosphate, apart from a small contingent of other pentavalent phosphorus compounds containing structurally similar chemical groups. In this work, we address four previously stated arguments as to why life does not explore trivalent phosphorus: (1) precedent (lack of confirmed instances of trivalent phosphorus in biochemicals suggests that life does not have the means to exploit this chemistry), (2) thermodynamic limitations (synthesizing trivalent phosphorus compounds is too energetically costly), (3) stability (phosphines are too reactive and readily oxidize in an oxygen (O2)-rich atmosphere), and (4) toxicity (the trivalent phosphorus compounds are broadly toxic). We argue that the first two of these arguments are invalid, and the third and fourth arguments only apply to the O2-rich environment of modern Earth. Specifically, both the reactivity and toxicity of phosphines are specific to aerobic life and strictly dependent on O2-rich environment. We postulate that anaerobic life persisting in anoxic (O2-free) environments may exploit trivalent phosphorus chemistry much more extensively. We review the production of trivalent phosphorus compounds by anaerobic organisms, including phosphine gas and an alkyl phosphine, phospholane. We suggest that the failure to find more such compounds in modern terrestrial life may be a result of the strong bias of the search for natural products toward aerobic organisms. We postulate that a more thorough identification of metabolites of the anaerobic biosphere could reveal many more trivalent phosphorus compounds. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of our work for the origin and early evolution of life, and suggest that trivalent phosphorus compounds could be valuable markers for both extraterrestrial life and the Shadow Biosphere on Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janusz Jurand Petkowski
- 2Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Clara Sousa-Silva
- 2Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Sara Seager
- 2Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- 3Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
- 4Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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Bains W, Petkowski JJ, Sousa-Silva C, Seager S. New environmental model for thermodynamic ecology of biological phosphine production. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 658:521-536. [PMID: 30579209 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.12.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We present a new model for the biological production of phosphine (PH3). Phosphine is found globally, in trace amounts, in the Earth's atmosphere. It has been suggested as a key molecule in the phosphorus cycle, linking atmospheric, lithospheric and biological phosphorus chemistry. Phosphine's production is strongly associated with marshes, swamps and other sites of anaerobic biology. However the mechanism of phosphine's biological production has remained controversial, because it has been believed that reduction of phosphate to phosphine is endergonic. In this paper we show through thermodynamic calculations that, in specific environments, the combined action of phosphate reducing and phosphite disproportionating bacteria can produce phosphine. Phosphate-reducing bacteria can capture energy from the reduction of phosphate to phosphite through coupling phosphate reduction to NADH oxidation. Our hypothesis describes how the phosphate chemistry in an environmental niche is coupled to phosphite generation in ground water, which in turn is coupled to the phosphine production in water and atmosphere, driven by a specific microbial ecology. Our hypothesis provides clear predictions on specific complex environments where biological phosphine production could be widespread. We propose tests of our hypothesis in fieldwork.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Bains
- Rufus Scientific, 37 The Moor, Melbourn, Royston, Herts SG8 6ED, UK.
| | - Janusz J Petkowski
- Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Mass. Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Clara Sousa-Silva
- Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Mass. Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sara Seager
- Dept. of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Mass. Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Dept. of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Mass. Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Mass. Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Ma J, Chen W, Niu X, Fan Y. The relationship between phosphine, methane, and ozone over paddy field in Guangzhou, China. Glob Ecol Conserv 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2019.e00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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