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Qin Q, Wang J, Sun L, Yang S, Sun Y, Xue Y. Microbial Composition Change and Heavy Metal Accumulation in Response to Organic Fertilization Reduction in Greenhouse Soil. Microorganisms 2025; 13:203. [PMID: 39858971 PMCID: PMC11767376 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms13010203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2024] [Revised: 01/07/2025] [Accepted: 01/10/2025] [Indexed: 01/27/2025] Open
Abstract
Increased application of organic fertilizer is an effective measure to improve greenhouse soil quality. However, prolonged and intensive application of organic manure has caused nutrient and certain heavy metal accumulation in greenhouse soil. Therefore, the optimal quantity of organic manure required to sustain soil fertility while mitigating the accumulation of heavy metals and other nutrients resulting from continuous application remains unclear. This study evaluated the impacts of sustained and reduced organic manure application on soil physicochemical properties, heavy metal contents, and microbial community through a 9-year greenhouse field experiment. Treatments included a control without any fertilizer (CK), conventional manure (M), and three reduced manure treatments (-25%M, -37.5%MNPK, and -50%MNPK). Compared to CK, either M treatment or manure reduction treatments either maintained or significantly elevated soil pH and soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and available phosphorus. Notably, -37.5%MNPK exhibited further increases in the available nitrogen and potassium. The M treatment significantly increased in the total concentrations of cadmium, copper, lead, zinc, and the availability of chromium and zinc. However, reduced manure treatments showed no change or a significantly reduced in heavy metal availability. The -25%M and -37.5%MNPK treatments significantly improved bacterial diversity. Reducing organic manure altered microbial taxa abundance. The soil pH emerged as the primary driving factor for variation in the bacterial community structure, whereas available nitrogen, potassium, and lead were the key factors influencing fungal community structural changes. These results indicate that reducing excessive organic manure input is an effective strategy to control heavy metal accumulation, enhance soil fertility, and optimize microbial community structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Qin
- Institute of Eco-Environment and Plant Protection, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (Q.Q.); (J.W.); (L.S.); (S.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201403, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Institute of Eco-Environment and Plant Protection, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (Q.Q.); (J.W.); (L.S.); (S.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201403, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Lijuan Sun
- Institute of Eco-Environment and Plant Protection, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (Q.Q.); (J.W.); (L.S.); (S.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201403, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Shiyan Yang
- Institute of Eco-Environment and Plant Protection, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (Q.Q.); (J.W.); (L.S.); (S.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201403, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Yafei Sun
- Institute of Eco-Environment and Plant Protection, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (Q.Q.); (J.W.); (L.S.); (S.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201403, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
| | - Yong Xue
- Institute of Eco-Environment and Plant Protection, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China; (Q.Q.); (J.W.); (L.S.); (S.Y.)
- Key Laboratory of Low-Carbon Green Agriculture, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai 201403, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201403, China
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Rijk I, Ekblad A, Dahlin AS, Enell A, Larsson M, Leroy P, Kleja DB, Tiberg C, Hallin S, Jones C. Biochar and peat amendments affect nitrogen retention, microbial capacity and nitrogen cycling microbial communities in a metal and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon contaminated urban soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 936:173454. [PMID: 38795987 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/28/2024]
Abstract
Soil contaminants may restrict soil functions. A promising soil remediation method is amendment with biochar, which has the potential to both adsorb contaminants and improve soil health. However, effects of biochar amendment on soil-plant nitrogen (N) dynamics and N cycling microbial guilds in contaminated soils are still poorly understood. Here, a metal- and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contaminated soil was amended with either biochar (0, 3, 6 % w/w) and/or peat (0, 1.5, 3 % w/w) in a full-factorial design and sown with perennial ryegrass in an outdoor field trial. After three months, N and the stable isotopic ratio δ15N was measured in soil, roots and leaves, along with microbial responses. Aboveground grass biomass decreased by 30 % and leaf N content by 20 % with biochar, while peat alone had no effect. Peat in particular, but also biochar, stimulated the abundance of microorganisms (measured as 16S rRNA gene copy number) and basal respiration. Microbial substrate utilization (MicroResp™) was altered differentially, as peat increased respiration of all carbon sources, while for biochar, respiration of carboxylic acids increased, sugars decreased, and was unaffected for amino acids. Biochar increased the abundance of ammonia oxidizing archaea, while peat stimulated ammonia oxidizing bacteria, Nitrobacter-type nitrite oxidizers and comB-type complete ammonia oxidizers. Biochar and peat also increased nitrous oxide reducing communities (nosZI and nosZII), while peat alone or combined with biochar also increased abundance of nirK-type denitrifiers. However, biochar and peat lowered leaf δ15N by 2-4 ‰, indicating that processes causing gaseous N losses, like denitrification and ammonia volatilization, were reduced compared to the untreated contaminated soil, probably an effect of biotic N immobilization. Overall, this study shows that in addition to contaminant stabilization, amendment with biochar and peat can increase N retention while improving microbial capacity to perform important soil functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid Rijk
- MTM Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Sweden; Structor Miljöteknik AB, Sweden
| | - Alf Ekblad
- MTM Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Sweden
| | - A Sigrun Dahlin
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Sweden; Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Sweden
| | - Anja Enell
- Swedish Geotechnical Institute (SGI), Sweden
| | - Maria Larsson
- MTM Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Sweden
| | - Prune Leroy
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Sweden
| | - Dan B Kleja
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Sweden; Swedish Geotechnical Institute (SGI), Sweden
| | | | - Sara Hallin
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Sweden
| | - Christopher Jones
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Sweden
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Liu C, Tian J, Chen L, He Q, Liu X, Bian R, Zheng J, Cheng K, Xia S, Zhang X, Wu J, Li L, Joseph S, Pan G. Biochar boosted high oleic peanut production with enhanced root development and biological N fixation by diazotrophs in a sand-loamy Primisol. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 932:173061. [PMID: 38723970 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
Peanut yield and quality face significant threats due to climate change and soil degradation. The potential of biochar technology to address this challenge remains unanswered, though biochar is acknowledged for its capacity to enhance the soil microbial community and plant nitrogen (N) supply. A field study was conducted in 2021 on oil peanuts grown in a sand-loamy Primisol that received organic amendments at 20 Mg ha-1. The treatments consisted of biochar amendments derived from poultry manure (PB), rice husk (RB), and maize residue (MB), as well as manure compost (OM) amendment, compared to no organic amendment (CK). In 2022, during the second year after amendment, samples of bulk topsoil, rooted soil, and plants were collected at the peanut harvest. The analysis included the assessment of soil quality, peanut growth traits, microbial community, nifH gene abundance, and biological N fixation (BNF) rate. Compared to the CK, the OM treatment led to an 8 % increase in peanut kernel yield, but had no effect on kernel quality in terms of oil production. Conversely, both PB and MB treatments increased kernel yield by 10 %, whereas RB treatment showed no change in yield. Moreover, all biochar amendments significantly improved oilseed quality by 10-25 %, notably increasing the proportion of oleic acid by up to 70 %. Similarly, while OM amendment slightly decreased root development, all biochar treatments significantly enhanced root development by over 80 %. Furthermore, nodule number, fresh weight per plant, and the nifH gene abundance in rooted soil remained unchanged under OM and PB treatments but was significantly enhanced under RB and MB treatments compared to CK. Notably, all biochar amendments, excluding OM, increased the BNF rate and N-acetyl-glucosaminidase activity. These changes were attributed to alterations in soil aggregation, moisture retention, and phosphorus availability, which were influenced by the diverse physical and chemical properties of biochars. Overall, maize residue biochar contributed synergistically to enhancing soil fertility, peanut yield, and quality while also promoting increased root development, a shift in the diazotrophic community and BNF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Liu
- Institute of Eco-environmental Research, Zhejiang University of Science and Technology, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China; Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou 310023, Zhejiang, China; Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Tian
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Chen
- Institute of Cash Crop, Shangqiu Academy of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, Shangqiu 476002, Henan, China
| | - Qunling He
- Institute of Cash Crop, Shangqiu Academy of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, Shangqiu 476002, Henan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rongjun Bian
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jufeng Zheng
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kun Cheng
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shaopan Xia
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuhui Zhang
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jihua Wu
- Institute of Cash Crop, Shangqiu Academy of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, Shangqiu 476002, Henan, China
| | - Lianqing Li
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China
| | - Stephen Joseph
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Genxing Pan
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, Jiangsu, China.
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Liu L, Yang X, Ellam RM, Li Q, Feng D, Song Z, Tang J. Evidence that co-existing cadmium and microplastics have an antagonistic effect on greenhouse gas emissions from paddy field soils. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 467:133696. [PMID: 38341889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Accumulation of microplastics (MPs) and cadmium (Cd) are ubiquitous in paddy soil. However, the combined effects of MPs and Cd on physiochemical and microbial mechanisms in soils and the attendant implications for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, remain largely unknown. Here, we evaluated the influence of polylactic acid (PLA) and polyethylene (PE) MPs on GHG emissions from Cd-contaminated paddy soil using a microcosm experiment under waterlogged and drained conditions. The results showed that PLA significantly increased CH4 and N2O emission fluxes and hence the global warming potential (GWP) of waterlogged soil. Soils treated with MPs+Cd showed significantly reduced GWP compared to those treated only with MPs suggesting that, irrespective of attendant consequences, Cd could alleviate N2O emissions in the presence of MPs. Conversely, the presence of MPs in Cd-contaminated soils tended to alleviate the bioavailability of Cd. Based on a structural equation model analysis, both the MPs-derived dissolved organic matter and the soil bioavailable Cd affected indirectly on soil GHG emissions through their direct influencing on microbial abundance (e.g., Firmicutes, Nitrospirota bacteria). These findings provide new insights into the assessment of GHG emissions and soil/cereal security in response to MPs and Cd coexistence that behaved antagonistically with respect to adverse ecological effects in paddy systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linan Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Engineering Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xinzuo Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Engineering Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Rob M Ellam
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Di Feng
- Shandong Facility Horticulture Bioengineering Research Center/Weifang University of Science and Technology, Weifang 262700, Shandong, China
| | - Zhaoliang Song
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jingchun Tang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria/Tianjin Engineering Center of Environmental Diagnosis and Contamination Remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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5
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Qi JQ, Yuan HY, Zhuang QL, Zama EF, Tian XF, Tao BX, Zhang BH. Effect of different types of biochar on soil properties and functional microbial communities in rhizosphere and bulk soils and their relationship with CH 4 and N 2O emissions. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1292959. [PMID: 38029118 PMCID: PMC10656817 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1292959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Biochar as an agricultural soil amendment plays vital roles in mediating methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in soils. The link between different types of biochar, bulk soil, and rhizosphere microbial communities in relation to CH4 and N2O emissions is being investigated in this study. The rice pot experiment was conducted using biochar at two temperatures (300°C and 500°C) in combination with three biochar levels (0, 2, 10% w/w). Soil properties and the abundance of genes associated with CH4 and N2O emissions from both rhizosphere and bulk soils were investigated. The study also aimed to examine the structure of microbial communities (pmoA, nosZ) in rhizosphere and bulk soils whereas CH4 and N2O emissions were monitored while growing rice. Results showed that biochar at 300°C and 10% incorporation significantly increased the CH4 emissions by up to 59% rise compared to the control group. Random Forest analysis revealed that the ratio of mcrA/pmoA along with the abundance of mcrA from both rhizosphere and bulk soils, the abundance of AOA, TN, DOC, and the community composition of pmoA-harboring microorganisms from both bulk and rhizosphere soils were important predictors of CH4 emissions. Therefore, the ratio of mcrA/pmoA in rhizosphere soil and the abundance of AOA in bulk soil were the main factors influencing CH4 emissions. Variation Partitioning Analysis (VPA) results indicated that the effects of these factors on bulk soil were 9% of CH4 emissions variations in different treatments, which contributed more than rhizosphere soils' factors. Moreover, random forest analysis results indicated that the abundance of AOB in bulk soil was the most important predictor influencing N2O emissions. The VPA result revealed that the factors in rhizosphere soil could explain more than 28% of the variations in N2O emissions. Our study highlights that rhizosphere soil has a more significant effect than bulk soil on N2O production. Our findings further the understanding of the link between bulk and rhizosphere attributes, and their impact on CH4 and N2O emissions in paddy soils. In summary, we recommend the application of biochar at 500°C and 2% incorporation rate for agricultural production in the area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Qing Qi
- School of Geography and Environment, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Hai-Yan Yuan
- School of Geography and Environment, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Qi-Lu Zhuang
- School of Geography and Environment, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Eric-Fru Zama
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, College of Technology, University of Bamenda, Bambili, Cameroon
| | - Xiao-Fei Tian
- School of Geography and Environment, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Bao-Xian Tao
- School of Geography and Environment, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
| | - Bao-Hua Zhang
- School of Geography and Environment, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng, China
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Wang M, Yu Y, Ren Y, Wang J, Chen H. Effect of antibiotic and/or heavy metal on nitrogen cycle of sediment-water interface in aquaculture system: Implications from sea cucumber culture. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 325:121453. [PMID: 36934965 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics and heavy metals can have a negative impact on the nitrogen (N) cycle and microbial metabolism in coastal aquaculture environment. An indoor simulated culture experiment was conducted to explore how sulfadiazine and lead influence the N cycling in aquatic environment. Specifically, the experiment involved adding sulfadiazine (SDZ), lead (Pb), a combination of SDZ and Pb (SP), and a control group (CK). The fluxes and contents of ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N), nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) and nitrite nitrogen (NO2--N) in sediment-water interface and sediments, the abundance of N cycle function genes (amoA_AOB, hzsA, nar, nirK, nirS, norB and nosZ) and microbiota in sediments were analyzed. The results showed that the presence of SDZ and Pb inhibited the nitrification function gene and nitrifiers abundance in surface sediment, and thus leading to more accumulation of NH4+ and NO2- in overlying water. Pb exposure increased the abundances of denitrifying bacteria stimulated the first three steps of denitrification in the sediment, resulting in more removal of NO3- from the sediment, but possibly had the risk of releasing more greenhouse gas N2O. Conversely, the presence of SDZ ultimately inhibited denitrification and anammox bacterial activities in the sediment. This study revealed how heavy metal and antibiotic impair the microbial communities and N cycling function gene expression, leading to the deterioration of typical coastal aquaculture environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengshu Wang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266235, China
| | - Yu Yu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266235, China
| | - Yichao Ren
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266235, China.
| | - Jinye Wang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266235, China
| | - Hui Chen
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266235, China
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Wang P, Shen F, Li R, Guo D, Liang W, Liu T, Zhang Z. Remediation of Cd and Zn contaminated soil by zero valent iron (Fe 0): A field trial. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY & INNOVATION 2022; 28:102603. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eti.2022.102603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
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Liu L, Song Z, Li Q, Ellam RM, Tang J, Wang Y, Sarkar B, Wang H. Accumulation and partitioning of toxic trace metal(loid)s in phytoliths of wheat grown in a multi-element contaminated soil. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 294:118645. [PMID: 34883150 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cropland contamination by toxic trace metal (loid)s (TTMs) has attracted increasing attention due to the serious consequential threat to crop quality and human health. Mitigation of plant TTM stress by silica amendment has been proposed recently. However, the relationship between the siliceous structure of phytoliths and TTMs in plants, and the environmental implications of phytolith-occluded trace metal (loid)s (PhytTMs) remain unclear. This study assessed the accumulation of five metal (loid)s, including lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) and arsenic (As), in the organic tissues and phytoliths of wheat grown in a mixed-TTM contaminated soil under both lightly and heavily contaminated conditions. The results show that the concentrations of plant TTMs and PhytTMs were significantly (p < 0.05) positively correlated, and higher in heavily contaminated wheats than those in lightly contaminated ones. The bio-enrichment factors between phytoliths and organic tissues were higher for As (1.83), Pb (0.27) and Zn (0.30) than for Cd (0.03) and Cu (0.14), implying that As, Pb and Zn were more readily co-precipitated with silicon (Si) in phytolith structures than Cd and Cu. Network analysis of the relationship between soil and plant elements with PhytTMs showed that severe contamination could impact the homeostasis of elements in plants by altering the translocation of TTMs between soils, plants, and phytoliths. The accumulation of TTMs in phytoliths was affected by the capacity of Si deposition in tissues and chelation of TTMs with silica, which could impact the role of PhytTMs in global biogeochemical TTM cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linan Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China; Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Zhaoliang Song
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China.
| | - Qiang Li
- Institute of Surface-Earth System Science, School of Earth System Science, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
| | - Rob M Ellam
- Scottish Universities Environmental Research Centre, East Kilbride, G750QF, Scotland, United Kingdom
| | - Jingchun Tang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, 300350, China
| | - Yangyang Wang
- National Demonstration Center for Environmental and Planning, College of Environment & Planning, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, China
| | - Binoy Sarkar
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, United Kingdom
| | - Hailong Wang
- School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong, 528000, China; Key Laboratory of Soil Contamination Bioremediation of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311300, China
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9
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Chen S, Ding Y, Xia X, Feng X, Liu X, Zheng J, Drosos M, Cheng K, Bian R, Zhang X, Li L, Pan G. Amendment of straw biochar increased molecular diversity and enhanced preservation of plant derived organic matter in extracted fractions of a rice paddy. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2021; 285:112104. [PMID: 33609976 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
While biochar enhanced carbon sequestration and stability of soil organic matter (SOM), changes in organic molecular composition in biochar-amended soils had been poorly addressed. In this study, molecular composition changes of a paddy topsoil 2 years following amendments at 10 t ha-1 OC equivalent with untreated (CS), manured (CM) and charred (CB) maize straw were compared to no amendment (CK). Topsoil SOM was sequentially extracted with ultrapure water (UWE), solvent (TSE), base hydrolysis (BHY) and CuO oxidation (CUO) and molecular compounds in these extracted fractions were detected quantitatively by GC/MS. Compared to CK, SOC content was increased respectively by 12% under CS and CM, and by 36% under CB. Fraction abundance both of UWE and CUO was increased but that of TSE unchanged under CS and CM, while that of BHY unchanged under CS but increased by > 60% under CM and CB, respectively. Under CB relative to CS and CM, abundance of TSE and BHY fractions was greatly increased but that of UWE and CUO unchanged. Specifically, abundances of water-soluble monosaccharides, low molecular weight organic acids and lignin-derived phenols, especially cinnamyl-based monomers, were all enhanced under CS, but abundances of n-alkanols, fatty acids in free lipids and di-acids and hydroxyl fatty acids in bound lipids were decreased under both CS and CM. In contrast, CB amendment increased abundances of n-alkanols, alkanes and sterols in free lipids while enhanced molecular and functional group diversity of UWE and TSE fractions. Overall, short-term crop residue amendment altered the abundance and molecular diversity of OM mainly associated with short-lived UWE and labile TSE fractions and biochar enhanced preservation of plant derived molecules mainly in lipids. Thus, returning crop residue as biochar could be a sustainable approach to enhance not only SOM pool but molecular diversity also in agricultural soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuotong Chen
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yuanjun Ding
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xin Xia
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiao Feng
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xiaoyu Liu
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jufeng Zheng
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Marios Drosos
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Kun Cheng
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Rongjun Bian
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xuhui Zhang
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China
| | - Lianqing Li
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Genxing Pan
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China; Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, PR China.
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10
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Guo L, Yu H, Kharbach M, Zhang W, Wang J, Niu W. Biochar Improves Soil-Tomato Plant, Tomato Production, and Economic Benefits under Reduced Nitrogen Application in Northwestern China. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10040759. [PMID: 33924483 PMCID: PMC8070344 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The tomato is an important economic crop that is a main ingredient of some prepared food as well as a focus of the agricultural industry. Optimizing nitrogen (N) fertilizers is essential for sustainable agricultural development, while the excessive use of N fertilizers leads to environmental and food production problems. As a soil amendment, biochar has been widely used to improve soil quality and crop yield. However, little information is available on the effects of biochar and N fertilizer reduction on tomato plant, soil characteristics in tomato cultivation and tomato production. In this study, a greenhouse experiment was carried out in Yangling, Shaanxi province, China, including four biochar levels (0, 30, 50, and 70 t ha−1) under drip irrigation and four N application rates (170, 190, 210, and 250 kg ha−1). The results showed that adding too much biochar (e.g., 70 t ha−1) and reducing N fertilizer too far (e.g., by 32%) will not lead to satisfactory results in terms of tomato growth, tomato yield and quality, and economic benefits. Biochar addition could significantly enhance microbial abundance, enzyme activity, and tomato growth compared with non‒biochar treatments when reducing the amount of applied N fertilizer by 16% or 24% (N2 and N3). From the perspectives of tomato yield, tomato quality (sugar‒acid ratio and vitamin C (VC) content), and economic benefits, optimal application rate of biochar and N fertilizer based on the silty clay loam soil of northwest China under drip irrigation is proposed, respectively. The proposal is based on both multidimensional nonlinear regression models and a comparison with experimental treatments. For example, biochar addition at 50 t ha−1 and reducing N fertilizer by 24% achieved the greatest tomato yield. Compared with non-biochar treatment under the corresponding N fertilizer level, soil enzyme activity (urease, phosphatase, and catalase), microbial abundance (bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes), leaf gas exchange parameters (gs, Pn, and Tr), and biomass increased on average by 88.76%, 7.49%, 43.23%, and 39.67%, respectively. Based on a comprehensive consideration of tomato yield, VC content, sugar‒acid ratio, and economic benefits, 35 t ha−1 biochar and 200 kg ha−1 N fertilizer is the recommended combination of biochar and nitrogen fertilizer for local farmers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Guo
- College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Weihui Road 23, Yangling 712100, China; (L.G.); (W.Z.)
- Department of Plant and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegaard Alle 13, DK-2630 Taastrup, Denmark
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Huiwen Yu
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, DK-1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark;
| | - Mourad Kharbach
- Research Unit of Mathematical Sciences, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland;
| | - Wenqian Zhang
- College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Weihui Road 23, Yangling 712100, China; (L.G.); (W.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jingwei Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi University of Finance and Economics, Taiyuan 030000, China;
| | - Wenquan Niu
- College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Weihui Road 23, Yangling 712100, China; (L.G.); (W.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, CAS &MWR, Yangling 712100, China
- Correspondence:
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11
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Zhi L, Zhipeng R, Minglong L, Rongjun B, Xiaoyu L, Haifei L, Kun C, Xuhui Z, Jufeng Z, Lianqing L, Marios D, Stephen J, Natarjan I, Genxing P. Pyrolyzed biowastes deactivated potentially toxic metals and eliminated antibiotic resistant genes for healthy vegetable production. JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION 2020; 276:124208. [PMID: 32982076 PMCID: PMC7502011 DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Potentially toxic metals (PTEs) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) present in bio-wastes were the major environmental and health risks for soil use. If pyrolyzing bio-wastes into biochar could minimize such risks had not been elucidated. This study evaluated PTE pools, microbial and ARGs abundances of wheat straw (WS), swine manure (SM) and sewage sludge (SS) before and after pyrolysis, which were again tested for soil amendment at a 2% dosage in a pot experiment with a vegetable crop of pak choi (Brassica campestris L.). Pyrolysis led to PTEs concentration in biochars but reduced greatly their mobility, availability and migration potential, as revealed respectively by leaching, CaCl2 extraction and risk assessment coding. In SM and SS after pyrolysis, gene abundance was removed by 4-5 orders for bacterial, by 2-3 orders for fungi and by 3-5 orders for total ARGs. With these material amended, PTEs available pool decreased by 25%-85% while all ARGs eliminated to background in the pot soil. Unlike a >50% yield decrease and a >30% quality decline with unpyrolyzed SM and SS, their biochars significantly increased biomass production and overall quality of pak choi grown in the amended soil. Comparatively, amendment of the biochars decreased plant PTEs content by 23-57% and greatly reduced health risk of pak choi, with total target hazard quotient values well below the guideline limit for subsistence diet by adult. Furthermore, biochar soil amendment enabled a synergic improvement on soil fertility, product quality, and biomass production as well as metal stabilization in the soil-plant system. Thus, biowastes pyrolysis and reuse in vegetable production could help build up a closed loop of production-waste-biochar-production, addressing not only circular economy but healthy food and climate nexus also and contributing to achieving the United Nations sustainable development goals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhi
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Center of Biomass Green Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Rui Zhipeng
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Center of Biomass Green Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Liu Minglong
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Center of Biomass Green Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Bian Rongjun
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Center of Biomass Green Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Liu Xiaoyu
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Center of Biomass Green Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Lu Haifei
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Center of Biomass Green Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Cheng Kun
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Center of Biomass Green Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zhang Xuhui
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Center of Biomass Green Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Zheng Jufeng
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Center of Biomass Green Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Li Lianqing
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Center of Biomass Green Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Drosos Marios
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Center of Biomass Green Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Joseph Stephen
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Center of Biomass Green Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ishwaran Natarjan
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Center of Biomass Green Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Pan Genxing
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Department of Soil Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Center of Biomass Green Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Key Laboratory of Recycling and Eco-treatment of Waste Biomass of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang University of Science & Technology, Hangzhou, 310023, China
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12
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Zhou L, Wang J, Xu D, Li Y, Yao B, Howard A. Responses of nitrogen transformation and dissolved oxygen in constructed wetland to biochar and earthworm amendment. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:29475-29484. [PMID: 32445145 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-09274-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Many constructed wetland systems are facing the problem of low dissolved oxygen (DO) and reduced nitrogen removal efficiency. In this study, an experimental constructed wetland system is designed and used to investigate the effect of biochar (rice husk biochar (RHB), coconut shell biochar (CSB), and wood biochar (WB) and earthworm on DO concentration, nitrogen transformation, and ammonia nitrogen removal. Specifically, effects of different biochar and earthworm on NH4+-N in wastewater, N content of Phragmites australis, NH4+-N and NO3--N content in substrates, microbial nitrification and denitrification potentials, and the DO concentration were investigated. Results show that the addition of biochar and earthworm increased the removal efficiency of NH4+-N from wastewater. The addition of RHB and WB significantly increased the concentration of DO by 21.4% and 25.7% (P < 0.05) respectively in the constructed wetland. The addition of earthworm significantly increased the DO concentration in the constructed wetland system by an average of 30.35% (P < 0.05).The N content of P. australis increased when biochar and earthworm were introduced into the constructed wetland system, with higher relative N content observed in the above-ground biomass. NO3--N content increased, but NH4+-N decreased in the substrate. Addition of both biochar and earthworm increased nitrification and denitrification potentials. However, no significant increase in denitrification potential was observed when only biochar was added. The removal efficiency of NH4+-N from wastewater is significantly positively correlated with the DO, nitrification, and denitrification potential, and nitrogen content of above-ground part of P. australis (P < 0.05). Results suggest that the DO concentration in constructed wetland systems could be improved by the addition of biochar and earthworm. These findings imply that both biochar and earthworm could be added into constructed wetlands to solve the low DO concentration and improve the removal efficiency of nitrogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhou
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing, 210044, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Jiajun Wang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing, 210044, China
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Defu Xu
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control, Nanjing, 210044, China.
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China.
| | - Yingxue Li
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Bin Yao
- Institue of Desertification Studies, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091, China.
| | - Alan Howard
- Department of Geography and Environmental Science, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6AB, UK
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13
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Zhao H, Yu L, Yu M, Afzal M, Dai Z, Brookes P, Xu J. Nitrogen combined with biochar changed the feedback mechanism between soil nitrification and Cd availability in an acidic soil. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 390:121631. [PMID: 31776087 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.121631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Inorganic nitrogen (N) inputs increase soil nitrification, acidification and trace metal toxicity e.g. cadmium (Cd). Biochar (B) has been widely used for metal immobilization. However, little is known about how the combination of N fertilizers with biochar (N-B) changes soil Cd availability through altering nitrification process. Here, (NH4)2SO4 or CO(NH2)2 was applied in combination with biochar to an acidic, artificially enriched Cd contaminated soil. Not as we expected, available Cd did not increase following (NH4)2SO4 or CO(NH2)2 addition. Nitrification and acidification of Cd contaminated soils were greatly inhibited, accompanied by elimination of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB). Exchangeable H+ of Cd contaminated soils was significantly lower than that of uncontaminated soils, thus inhibiting Cd itself from mobilization. N-B addition nearly halved soil available Cd and significantly increased nitrification by promoting AOB recovery. However, the restored nitrification did not cause soil acidification, due to the high buffering and slow liming effects of biochar. Available Cd continuously decreased with decreasing soil acidity and exchangeable Al. This study firstly demonstrated a feedback between soil nitrification and Cd after N application, and how biochar modified the feedback. Biochar, therefore, provides a feasible strategy for eliminating potential Cd toxicity on both soil biological and chemical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haochun Zhao
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lu Yu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Mengjie Yu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Zhongming Dai
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Philip Brookes
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jianming Xu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Road, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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14
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Identifying the Contributions of Multi-Source Data for Winter Wheat Yield Prediction in China. REMOTE SENSING 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/rs12050750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Wheat is a leading cereal grain throughout the world. Timely and reliable wheat yield prediction at a large scale is essential for the agricultural supply chain and global food security, especially in China as an important wheat producing and consuming country. The conventional approach using either climate or satellite data or both to build empirical and crop models has prevailed for decades. However, to what extent climate and satellite data can improve yield prediction is still unknown. In addition, socio-economic (SC) factors may also improve crop yield prediction, but their contributions need in-depth investigation, especially in regions with good irrigation conditions, sufficient fertilization, and pesticide application. Here, we performed the first attempt to predict wheat yield across China from 2001 to 2015 at the county-level by integrating multi-source data, including monthly climate data, satellite data (i.e., Vegetation indices (VIs)), and SC factors. The results show that incorporating all the datasets by using three machine learning methods (Ridge Regression (RR), Random Forest (RF), and Light Gradient Boosting (LightGBM)) can achieve the best performance in yield prediction (R2: 0.68~0.75), with the most individual contributions from climate (~0.53), followed by VIs (~0.45), and SC factors (~0.30). In addition, the combinations of VIs and climate data can capture inter-annual yield variability more effectively than other combinations (e.g., combinations of climate and SC, and combinations of VIs and SC), while combining SC with climate data can better capture spatial yield variability than others. Climate data can provide extra and unique information across the entire growing season, while the peak stage of VIs (Mar.~Apr.) do so. Furthermore, incorporating spatial information and soil proprieties into the benchmark models can improve wheat yield prediction by 0.06 and 0.12, respectively. The optimal wheat prediction can be achieved with approximately a two-month leading time before maturity. Our study develops timely and robust methods for winter wheat yield prediction at a large scale in China, which can be applied to other crops and regions.
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15
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Shi W, Ju Y, Bian R, Li L, Joseph S, Mitchell DRG, Munroe P, Taherymoosavi S, Pan G. Biochar bound urea boosts plant growth and reduces nitrogen leaching. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 701:134424. [PMID: 31726412 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Over use of N fertilizers, most commonly as urea, had been seriously concerned as a major source of radiative N (Nr) for severe environment impacts through leaching, volatilization, and N2O emission from fertilized croplands. It had been well known that biochar could enhance N retention and use efficiency by crops in amended croplands. In this study, a granular biochar-mineral urea composite (Bio-MUC) was obtained by blending urea with green waste biochar supplemented with clay minerals of bentonite and sepiolite. This Bio-MUC material was firstly characterized by microscopic analyses with FTIR, SEM-EDS and STEM, subsequently tested for N leaching in water in column experiment and for N supply for maize in pot culture, compared to conventional urea fertilizer (UF). Microscopic analyses indicated binding of urea N to particle surfaces of biochar and clay minerals in the Bio-MUC composite. In the leaching experiment over 30 days, cumulative N release as NH4+-N and of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was significantly smaller by >70% and by 8% from the Bio-MUC than from UF. In pot culture with maize growing for 50 days, total fresh shoot was enhanced by 14% but fresh root by 25% under Bio-MUC compared to UF. This study suggested that N in the Bio-MUC was shown slow releasing in water but maize growth promoting in soil, relative to conventional urea. Such effect could be related mainly to N retention by binding to biochar/mineral surfaces and partly by carbon bonds of urea to biochar in the Bio-MUC. Therefore, biochar from agro-wastes could be used for blending urea as combined organo/mineral urea to replace mineral urea so as to reduce N use and impacts on global Nr. Of course, how such biochar combined urea would impact N process in soil-plant systems deserve further field studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shi
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Center of Biochar and Green Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Yanyan Ju
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Center of Biochar and Green Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Rongjun Bian
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Center of Biochar and Green Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Lianqing Li
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Center of Biochar and Green Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waste Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Stephen Joseph
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Center of Biochar and Green Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China; School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of NSW, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia; ISEM and School of Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - David R G Mitchell
- Electron Microscopy Centre, AIIM Building, Innovation Campus, University of Wollongong, Squires Way, North Wollongong, NSW 2517, Australia
| | - Paul Munroe
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of NSW, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Sarasadat Taherymoosavi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of NSW, Kensington, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Genxing Pan
- Institute of Resource, Ecosystem and Environment of Agriculture, and Center of Biochar and Green Agriculture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.
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16
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Xiao Z, Rasmann S, Yue L, Lian F, Zou H, Wang Z. The effect of biochar amendment on N-cycling genes in soils: A meta-analysis. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 696:133984. [PMID: 31465924 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen (N) cycling by soil microbes can be estimated by quantifying the abundance of microbial functional genes (MFG) involved in N-transformation processes. In agro-ecosystems, biochars are regularly applied for increasing soil fertility and stability. In turn, it has been shown that biochar amendment can alter soil N cycling by altering MFG abundance and richness. However, the general patterns and mechanisms of how biochar amendment modifies N-cycling gene abundance have not been synthesized to date. Here, we addressed this knowledge gap by performing a meta-analysis of existing literatures up to 2019. We included five main marker genes involved in N cycling: nifH, amoA, nirK, nirS and nosZ. We found that biochar addition significantly increased the abundance of ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA), nirK, nirS and nosZ by an average of 25.3%, 32.0%, 14.6% and 17.0%, respectively. Particularly, biochar amendment increased the abundances of most N-cycling genes when soil pH changed from very acidic (pH < 5) to acidic (pH: 5.5-6.5). Experimental conditions, cover plants, biochar pyrolysis temperature and fertilizer application were also important factors regulating the response of most N-cycling genes to biochar amendment. Moreover, soil pH significantly correlated with ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) abundance, while we found that most genes involved in nitrification and denitrification were not significantly correlated with each other across studies. Our results contribute to developing quantitative models of microbially-mediated N-transforming processes in response to biochar addition, and stimulate research on how to use biochar amendment for reducing reactive N gas emissions and enhancing N bioavailability to crop plants in agro-ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenggao Xiao
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Sergio Rasmann
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchatel 2000, Switzerland
| | - Le Yue
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Fei Lian
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Hua Zou
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Institute of Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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17
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Zhu Y, Li H, Wu Y, Yin XA, Zhang G. Effects of surface-modified biochars and activated carbon on the transformation of soil inorganic nitrogen and growth of maize under chromium stress. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 227:124-132. [PMID: 30986594 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.04.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Elevated chromium (Cr) level is challenging agricultural production and affecting soil biochemical process. This study evaluated the effect of amendments including surface-modified biochars (HBC: acid washing, Fe(III)-HBC: ferric iron loading, nZVI-HBC: nanoscale zero-valent iron loading) and activated carbon on hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) removal in soil and on N cycling enzyme activities, transformation of soil inorganic nitrogen, and growth of maize under Cr stress. The results showed that amendments increased Cr(VI) removal by 72.9%-96.34% at three levels of spiked Cr(VI) (low: 125 mg kg-1, moderate: 250 mg kg-1, high: 500 mg kg-1). Under low Cr stress, amendments generally significantly decreased urease and nitrite reductase activities but increased nitrate reductase activity (p < 0.05). The NH4+-N content had a significant positive correlation with urease activity (p < 0.01), while both NO2--N and NO3--N were absent correlations with N cycling enzyme studied. Amendments decreased NH4+-N/NO3--N ratio under low Cr stress but increased it under moderate Cr stress, although the difference was not significant. Under high Cr stress, only Fe(III)-HBC significantly increased NH4+-N/NO3--N ratio (p < 0.05). The decrease and increase of NH4+-N/NO3--N ratios indicate the enhancement of nitrification and denitrification, respectively. The increase in Cr(VI) removal by amendments contributed to the increase in the migration of NO3--N from roots to shoots. Amendments (except for nZVI-HBC in soil under low Cr stress) increased maize height by 20%-59%. Under low Cr stress, however, nZVI-HBC significantly decreased maize height by 65% (p < 0.05), indicating the toxic effect of nZVI on maize growth overwhelmed low Cr stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuen Zhu
- School of Environment and Resources, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Hua Li
- School of Environment and Resources, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Yi Wu
- School of Environment and Resources, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, 030006, China
| | - Xin-An Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Guixiang Zhang
- College of Environment and Safety, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, China.
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18
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Igalavithana AD, Kim KH, Jung JM, Heo HS, Kwon EE, Tack FMG, Tsang DCW, Jeon YJ, Ok YS. Effect of biochars pyrolyzed in N 2 and CO 2, and feedstock on microbial community in metal(loid)s contaminated soils. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 126:791-801. [PMID: 30903914 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.02.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the effects of applying amendments on soil for immobilizing metal(loid)s on the soil microbial community. Alterations in the microbial community were examined after incubation of treated contaminated soils. One soil was contaminated with Pb and As, a second soil with Cd and Zn. Red pepper stalk (RPS) and biochars produced from RPS in either N2 atmosphere (RPSN) or CO2 atmosphere (RPSC) were applied at a rate of 2.5% to the two soils and incubated for 30 days. Bacterial communities of control and treated soils were characterized by sequencing 16S rRNA genes using the Illumina MiSeq sequencing. In both soils, bacterial richness increased in the amended soils, though somewhat differently between the treatments. Evenness values decreased significantly, and the final overall diversities were reduced. The neutralization of pH, reduced available concentrations of Pb or Cd, and supplementation of available carbon and surface area could be possible factors affecting the community changes. Biochar amendments caused the soil bacterial communities to become more similar than those in the not amended soils. The bacterial community structures at the phylum and genus levels showed that amendment addition might restore the normal bacterial community of soils, and cause soil bacterial communities in contaminated soils to normalize and stabilize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avanthi Deshani Igalavithana
- Korea Biochar Research Center, O-Jeong Eco-Resilience Institute (OJERI), Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung-Ho Kim
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Science, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Min Jung
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye-Sook Heo
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Science, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Eilhann E Kwon
- Department of Environment and Energy, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Republic of Korea
| | - Filip M G Tack
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Ghent University, B-9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Daniel C W Tsang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Young Jae Jeon
- Department of Microbiology, College of Natural Science, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Nam-gu, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea.
| | - Yong Sik Ok
- Korea Biochar Research Center, O-Jeong Eco-Resilience Institute (OJERI), Division of Environmental Science and Ecological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul 02841, Republic of Korea.
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19
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Yu M, Meng J, Yu L, Su W, Afzal M, Li Y, Brookes PC, Redmile-Gordon M, Luo Y, Xu J. Changes in nitrogen related functional genes along soil pH, C and nutrient gradients in the charosphere. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 650:626-632. [PMID: 30208348 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.08.372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The interface between biochar and soil differs from both the bulk soil and the biochar itself, and has been termed the "charosphere". However, a complete definition of the charosphere, including aspects of size, properties, functional reach and effects on soil processes, is still required. In this study, the distributions of functional genes related to the soil N cycle within the charosphere were investigated over a multi-sectional gradient. We found that concentrations of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), available phosphorus and exchangeable cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+) increased with proximity to the biochar surface (termed the 'near charosphere'). Similarly, the abundance of bacterial amoA was greater in the near charosphere, while archaeal amoA abundance was relatively homogenous. This taxonomic asymmetry resulted in a shift in the predominant ammonia-oxidizers from ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) to ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) in the far charosphere. This was associated with other factors such as decreasing pH and carbon availability with increasing distance from the biochar. Moreover, the ratio of nosZ/(nirS + nirK) genes also showed functionally asymmetry in the charosphere: increasing with increasing distance from the biochar. This is the first study to map spatial distributions of a set functional genes related to soil N cycling in the soil around biochar. This exploration into the underlying heterogeneity of biochar-affected mechanisms of N transformation provides new insight into the functional geometry of the charosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Yu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environment and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jun Meng
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environment and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Lu Yu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environment and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Weiqin Su
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environment and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environment and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yong Li
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environment and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Philip C Brookes
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environment and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Marc Redmile-Gordon
- Department of Catchment Sensitive Farming, Natural England, Worthing, BN11 1LD, UK
| | - Yu Luo
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environment and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Jianming Xu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, College of Environment and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Hangzhou 310058, China
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