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Galluzzi G, Plaza C, Priori S, Giannetta B, Zaccone C. Soil organic matter dynamics and stability: Climate vs. time. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 929:172441. [PMID: 38614327 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Climate and time are among the most important factors driving soil organic carbon (SOC) stability and accrual in mineral soils; however, their relative importance on SOC dynamics is still unclear. Therefore, understanding how these factors covary over a range of soil developmental stages is crucial to improve our knowledge of climate change impact on SOC accumulation and persistence. Two chronosequences located along a climate gradient were investigated to determine the main interactions among time (age) and climate (precipitation and temperature) on SOC stability and stock with depth. Considering a common depth (0-15 or 0-30 cm), in the drier chronosequence, the older soil showed the highest SOC stock, while the younger exhibited the lowest carbon accumulation. Considering the whole profile, the SOC stock increased with age. In the wetter chronosequence, the younger soil showed the highest SOC stock considering a common depth, whereas, when the entire profile is taken into account, the older one accumulated 2-3 times more SOC than the others. In both chronosequences, significant stocks of SOC (∼42 %) were accumulated below 30 cm. Soil organic matter stability, assessed by thermal analysis and heterotrophic respiration, increases with depth and age only in the drier chronosequence. Soils from the wetter chronosequence were instead characterized by a greater quantity of labile and/or not-stabilized SOC; here, the amorphous Fe/Al-rich secondary mineral weathering products showed an essential predictor function of SOC storage, although they do not seem to be involved in SOC stabilization mechanisms. Otherwise, the interaction of SOC with fine particles, short-range order minerals, and organo-metal complexes represent the significant stabilization mechanisms in soils from drier climate. The results highlighted how the age factor plays an unassuming role in geochemical processes influencing SOC dynamics; however, climate determines different trajectories of soil development and SOC dynamics for a given soil age. Thus, soil age shows a key role in SOC stabilization especially in drier climatic conditions, while wetter conditions determine an accumulation of a higher yet more labile amount of SOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Galluzzi
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - César Plaza
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Serrano 115 bis, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Simone Priori
- Department of Agriculture and Forest Sciences, University of Tuscia, via San Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
| | - Beatrice Giannetta
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
| | - Claudio Zaccone
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy.
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Das A, Purakayastha TJ, Ahmed N, Bhaduri D, Das R, Biswas S. Imprint of clay mineralogy, sesquioxides, and crop residue addition for evaluation of soil organic carbon stability and associated microbial activity in dominant soil orders of Indian subcontinent. ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY AND HEALTH 2024; 46:73. [PMID: 38367076 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-01873-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
The full behaviour of natural clay minerals in soil organic carbon (SOC) stabilization in the presence of oxides and external C inputs is yet unknown. Thus, an incubation experiment was conducted in a sand-clay mixture with different soil clay fractions (SCFs) obtained from Alfisol, Inceptisol, Mollisol, and Vertisol in the presence of wheat residues to compare their C stabilization capacity. The C mineralization rates were higher in 1:1 type dominated SCFs (Alfisol and Inceptisol) compared to 2:1 interstratified mineral dominated SCFs (Vertisol). Wheat residues as C source altered SCFs' abilities to stabilize SOC at only moderate dosages of application (3-12 g kg-1). C mineralization and microbial biomass carbon (MBC) fell by 40% and 30%, respectively, as the amount of clay increased from 7.5 to 40%. However, removing sesquioxides from the SCFs boosted C mineralization and MBC by 22% and 16-32%, respectively, which matched with higher enzymatic activities in the sand-clay mixture. The increased C stabilization capacity of Vertisol-SCF may be attributed to its greater specific surface area (SSA) (506 m2 g-1) and cation exchange capacity (CEC) [meq/100 g]. Regression analysis revealed that SSA, CEC, and enzymatic activity explained approximately 86% of total variations in C mineralization. This study highlighted the critical role of 2:1 expanding clay minerals and sesquioxides in greater stabilization of external C input compared to its 1:1 counterpart. It also implied that the role of mineralogy or texture and sesquioxides levels in different soils (Vertisol, Mollisol, Inceptisol, Alfisol) should be prioritized while adding crop residues to reduce C footprint and enhance sequestration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abinash Das
- Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
- Division of Soil Biology, ICAR-Indian Institute of Soil Science, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, 462038, India.
| | - Tapan Jyoti Purakayastha
- Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Nayan Ahmed
- Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Debarati Bhaduri
- ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Bidyadharpur, Cuttack, Odisha, 753006, India
| | - Ruma Das
- Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
- ICAR-National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use Planning (NBSS & LUP), Regional Centre, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700091, India
| | - Sunanda Biswas
- Division of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
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Li Z, Wu S, Yi Q, Liu Y, Wang J, Nguyen TAH, Ma Y, You F, Chan TS, Klein A, Levett A, Southam G, Alessi DS, Huang Y, Huang L. Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Drive Organo-Mineral Association in Iron Ore Tailings: Unravelling Microstructure at the Submicron Scale by Synchrotron-Based FTIR and STXM-NEXAFS. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:21779-21790. [PMID: 38091466 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi play an important role in organic matter (OM) stabilization in Fe ore tailings for eco-engineered soil formation. However, little has been understood about the AM fungi-derived organic signature and organo-mineral interactions in situ at the submicron scale. In this study, a compartmentalized cultivation system was used to investigate the role of AM fungi in OM formation and stabilization in tailings. Particularly, microspectroscopic analyses including synchrotron-based transmission Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and scanning transmission X-ray microspectroscopy combined with near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy (STXM-NEXAFS) were employed to characterize the chemical signatures at the AM fungal-mineral and mineral-OM interfaces at the submicron scale. The results indicated that AM fungal mycelia developed well in the tailings and entangled mineral particles for aggregation. AM fungal colonization enhanced N-rich OM stabilization through organo-mineral association. Bulk spectroscopic analysis together with FTIR mapping revealed that fungi-derived lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates were associated with Fe/Si minerals. Furthermore, STXM-NEXAFS analysis revealed that AM fungi-derived aromatic, aliphatic, and carboxylic/amide compounds were heterogeneously distributed and trapped by Fe(II)/Fe(III)-bearing minerals originating from biotite-like minerals weathering. These findings imply that AM fungi can stimulate mineral weathering and provide organic substances to associate with minerals, contributing to OM stabilization and aggregate formation as key processes for eco-engineered soil formation in tailings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Li
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Songlin Wu
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qing Yi
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Yunjia Liu
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Canadian Light Source Inc., University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N2 V3, Canada
| | - Tuan A H Nguyen
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Yuanying Ma
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Fang You
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Ting-Shan Chan
- National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu Science Park, Hsinchu 30092, Taiwan
| | - Annaleise Klein
- Australian Synchrotron, ANSTO, Melbourne, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Alan Levett
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Gordon Southam
- School of the Environment, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Daniel S Alessi
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E3, Canada
| | - Yuanfang Huang
- College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Longbin Huang
- Centre for Mined Land Rehabilitation, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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Shi Y, Zhang F, Du C, Zhao Z, Zhong Y, Li H, Hou H, Wang L, Wu X, Crittenden JC, Chen J. Recycled biochar adsorption combined with CaCl 2 washing to increase rice yields and decrease Cd levels in grains and paddy soils: A field study. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 865:161265. [PMID: 36587664 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.161265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Field-scale trials were conducted to remove cadmium (Cd) from paddy soil by using recycled hydroxyapatite modified biochar (HBC) plus low-level CaCl2 washing. Synergistic reduction efficiencies of total and available Cd in soil (45.6 % and 36.8 %) were achieved by the combined amendments compared with only HBC or CaCl2. The release of Cd from soil particulates was facilitated by CaCl2 washing and the increased soluble Cd in soil water (hardly removed by drainage) could be removed efficiently by recycled HBC adsorption. Significantly decreases in Cd translocation and accumulation in rice plants benefited from the decrease of Cd level and availability in soil and the increase of available silicon (Si). As a result, Cd contents in early/late rice grains decreased by ~85 % and met the Chinese national food standard. SOM, CEC, and soil nutrients after remediation were increased due to 10 %-15 % of HBC residual. Grain yields of the early and late rice increased by 34.1 % and 9.91 %, respectively. The collected HBC (>85 % of the total used HBC) was in-situ regenerated and could be used in the next field trials. The generated wastewater together with drainage from field treatment could be reused as irrigation water after the treatment with a small-scale reclamation ecosystem. The work provides a novelty remediation strategy for Cd-contaminated paddy soil. The noticeable remediation efficiency for Cd reduction in soil and grains, and improved productivity-relevant soil properties have important implications for paddy soil with poor fertility, severe desilicification, and Cd contamination in South China whereas the application of biochar or chemical washing alone did not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Shi
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Fengjiao Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Chengqiong Du
- Powerchina Zhongnan Engineering Corporation Limited, 16 East Cinnamomum, Changsha 410014, China
| | - Zezhou Zhao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yi Zhong
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Hongbo Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Huijie Hou
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Linling Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xiaohui Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - John C Crittenden
- Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States
| | - Jing Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan 430074, China.
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Yang Y, Wu F, Wu Q, Zhu J, Ni X. Soil organic carbon associated with iron oxides in terrestrial ecosystems: Content, distribution and control. CHINESE SCIENCE BULLETIN-CHINESE 2022. [DOI: 10.1360/tb-2022-0728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Bi Y, Kuzyakov Y, Cai S, Zhao X. Accumulation of organic compounds in paddy soils after biochar application is controlled by iron hydroxides. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 764:144300. [PMID: 33401047 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Revised: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Soil acidity is one of the vital factors that influence organic matter transformation and accumulation. Long-term studies on the mechanisms of biochar's effects on soil organic matter (SOM) accumulation dependent on pH values are lacking. A four-year column experiment was conducted without and with biochar application (11.3 Mg ha-1 crop-1) in acid (pH = 5.24) and alkaline (pH = 8.22) soils under paddy rice/wheat annual rotation. To explore organic matter accumulation mechanisms, SOM pools were extracted (physical-chemical fractionation) and their chemical structures were analyzed using advanced solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR) techniques. Biochar increased the proportion of aromatic carbon (C) in all SOM pools, which led to an increased C content in two soils. The elevated pH after biochar application (∆pH = 1.03) increased Fe (III) oxidation and precipitation, and therefore, stimulated amorphous Fe content in 53-μm pool in the acid soil. This change increased the interaction between organic compounds and Fe (hydr)oxide, which impeded bacteria access to substrates, and in turn, promoted SOM accumulation in the acid soil. Conversely, low Fe (hydr)oxide availability resulted in the decomposition of the labile substrates (di-O-alkyl C, NCH, and OCH) in mobile humic acids via microbial respiration, thereby lowering the effect of SOM sequestration in the alkaline soil. Our study revealed that organic matter accumulation after biochar amendment is not solely dependent on the chemical recalcitrance of biochar, but also is controlled by the transformation of Fe (hydr)oxide in SOM pools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucui Bi
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yakov Kuzyakov
- Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, Department of Agricultural Soil Science, University of Göttingen, Germany; Agro-Technological Institute, RUDN University, 117198 Moscow, Russia
| | - Siyuan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China.
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Giannetta B, Balint R, Said-Pullicino D, Plaza C, Martin M, Zaccone C. Fe(II)-catalyzed transformation of Fe (oxyhydr)oxides across organic matter fractions in organically amended soils. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 748:141125. [PMID: 32798857 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Fe(II)-catalyzed transformation of ferrihydrite into highly crystalline forms may represent an important pathway for soil organic matter (SOM) destabilization under moderately reducing conditions. However, the link between redox-driven changes in soil Fe mineral composition and crystallinity and SOM chemical properties in the field remains elusive. We evaluated abiotic Fe(II)-catalyzed mineralogical transformation of Fe (oxyhydr)oxides in bulk soils and two particle-size SOM fractions, namely the fine silt plus clay (<20 μm, FSi + Cl) and fine sand (50-200 μm, FSa) fractions of an agricultural soil unamended or amended with biochar, compost, or the combination of both. After spiking with Fe(II) and incubating for 7 days under anoxic and sterile conditions at neutral pH, the FSa fractions (Fe(II):Fe (III) molar ratios ≈ 3.3) showed more significant ferrihydrite transformations with respect to FSi + Cl fractions (Fe(II):Fe (III) molar ratios ≈ 0.7), with the consequent production of well-ordered Fe oxides in most soils, particularly those unamended or amended with biochar alone. Nonetheless, poorly crystalline ferrihydrite still constituted about 45% of the FSi + Cl fractions of amended soils after reaction with Fe(II), which confirms that the higher SOM and clay mineral content in this fraction may possibly inhibit atom exchange between aqueous Fe(II) and the solid phase. Building on our knowledge of abiotic Fe(II)-catalyzed mineralogical changes, the suppression of ferrihydrite transformation in FSi + Cl fractions in amended soils could ultimately lead to a slower turnover of ferrihydrite, possibly preserving the carbon sequestration potential associated with this mineral. Conversely, in both bulk soils and FSa fractions, the extent to which mineral transformation occur seemed to be contingent on the quality of the amendment used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Giannetta
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy.
| | - Ramona Balint
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy; Institute of Geosciences and Earth Resources, National Research Council of Italy (CNR), Via Valperga Caluso 35, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Daniel Said-Pullicino
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - César Plaza
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Serrano 115 bis, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Martin
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Claudio Zaccone
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, Verona 37134, Italy
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Effects of lime application on nitrogen and phosphorus availability in humic soils. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8634. [PMID: 32451407 PMCID: PMC7248113 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65501-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a paucity of information on nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) mineralization in humic soils, which are highly weathered and have high carbon (C) (>1.8%). This study was to determine effects of liming on N and P mineralization in humic soils. Lime was applied to reduce acid saturation to 20% of the 0–10 and 10–20 cm depths of soils from Eston and Eshowe. Soils were incubated at field capacity moisture and 25 °C temperature, with destructive sampling after 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 56, 84 and 112 days. Samples were analysed for pH, ammonium- and nitrate-N and extractable P. Phosphorus pools and soil microbial biomass C and N (SMBC and N) were analysed after 112 days only. Soil pH increased up to day 7 and decreased thereafter in Eston soil but decreased throughout the incubation in Eshowe soil. Ammonium- and nitrate-N increased with lime rate, with ammonium-N peaking after 7 and 14 days for Eston and Eshowe soils, respectively. The 0–10 cm depth had higher ammonium-N than 10–20 cm for both soils. Nitrate-N increased with corresponding decrease in ammonium-N. Extractable P decreased till day 21 and increased thereafter in Eston soil, with slight changes in Eshowe. Higher lime rate decreased Al-P, Fe-P and CBD-P and increased soluble-P, Ca-P, and SMB-C and N for both soils. The findings imply that liming humic soils increase nitrate-N and, to a lesser extent, extractable P, possibly improving productivity and exposing N to leaching.
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Giannetta B, Plaza C, Siebecker MG, Aquilanti G, Vischetti C, Plaisier JR, Juanco M, Sparks DL, Zaccone C. Iron Speciation in Organic Matter Fractions Isolated from Soils Amended with Biochar and Organic Fertilizers. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:5093-5101. [PMID: 32182047 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The role and distribution of iron (Fe) species in physical soil fractions have received remarkably little attention in field-scale systems. Here, we identify and quantify the Fe phases into two fractions (fine sand, FSa, and fine silt and clay, FSi + Cl), isolated from an agricultural soil unamended and amended with different organic materials, by Fe K-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. The linear combination fitting and wavelet transform of EXAFS data revealed noticeable differences between unamended FSa and FSi + Cl fractions. Specifically, the FSi + Cl fraction was mainly characterized by ferrihydrite (48%) and Fe(III)-soil organic matter (SOM) complexes (37%), whereas in the FSa fraction, ferrihydrite still represented a major phase (44%), with a lower contribution from Fe(III)-SOM (18%). In the FSa fraction, the addition of the organic amendments resulted in an increase of Fe-SOM complexes (31-35%) and a decrease of ferrihydrite (28-29%). By contrast, in the amended FSi + Cl fractions, the added organic matter led to negligible changes in percent ferrihydrite. Therefore, regardless of the amendment type, the addition of organic matter to soil increased the capability of the coarse fraction (FSa) to stabilize organic carbon, thus pointing out that the role of FSa in carbon sequestration in agricultural soils at a global scale may be overlooked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Giannetta
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, via Brecce Bianche 10, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - César Plaza
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient́ficas, Serrano 115 bis, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Matthew G Siebecker
- Department of Plant and Soil Science, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409, United States
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering (ISE) Laboratory, 221 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Giuliana Aquilanti
- ELETTRA Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 Km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Costantino Vischetti
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, via Brecce Bianche 10, 60131 Ancona, Italy
| | - Jasper R Plaisier
- ELETTRA Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 Km 163.5, 34149 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Miguel Juanco
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrarias, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient́ficas, Serrano 115 bis, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Donald L Sparks
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Delaware, Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering (ISE) Laboratory, 221 Academy Street, Newark, Delaware 19716, United States
| | - Claudio Zaccone
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Strada Le Grazie 15, 37134 Verona, Italy
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Daliakopoulos I, Keesstra S. TERRAenVISION: Science for Society. Environmental issues today. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 704:135238. [PMID: 31896230 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.135238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Our Planet suffers from human activities. As scientists, we know more and more about our environment, about processes, rates of change, new threats, and risks. However, the challenges we face seem to grow quicker than the solutions we can create. To achieve sustainability, the key is to make solutions not only functional from an environmental point of view, but also socially acceptable and economically viable. In this context, the TERRAenVISION conference series gathers diverse groups of scientists to discuss sustainability. The first TERRAenVISION meeting in January 2018 was framed around 7 themes: (1) Climate Change: Mitigation and Adaptation, (2) Water Resources: Quality and Quantity, (3) Land Degradation and Restoration, (4) Nature-based Solutions, (5) Fire in the Earth System, Effects, and Prevention, (6) Ecosystem Services and Health, and (7) Science Interface with Policy and Public. Among the works presented in the conference, this Special Issue collates 22 papers that illustrate the best, problems and solutions the scientific community is currently working on to achieve sustainability. Similar to the concept of the SDGs, paper subjects often intertwine and bridge the conference themes. The papers are grouped in two main chapters dealing with Water and Land, with two additional cross cutting chapters of Scientific Tools and Science-Policy Interface. Drawing from the conclusions of these works as well as those of the TERRAenVISION 2018 conference, we make recommendations regarding raising awareness, connecting scientific fields, and supporting robust economic and policy transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saskia Keesstra
- Soil, Water and Land Use Team, Wageningen Environmental Research, Droevendaalsesteeg 3, 6708RC Wageningen, the Netherlands; Civil, Surveying and Environmental Engineering, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan 2308, Australia.
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Abstract
The spatial complexity of floodplains is a function of several processes: hydrodynamics, flow direction, sediment transportation, and land use. Sediments can bind toxic elements, and as there are several pollution sources, the risk of heavy metal accumulation on the floodplains is high. We aimed to determine whether fluvial forms have a role in metal accumulations. Topsoil samples were taken from point bars and swales in the floodplain of the Tisza River, North-East Hungary. Soil properties and metal concentrations were determined, and correlation and hypothesis testing were applied. The results showed that fluvial forms are important drivers of horizontal metal patterns: there were significant differences (p < 0.05) between point bars and swales regarding Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn. Vertical distribution also differed significantly by fluvial forms: swales had higher metal concentrations in all layers. General Linear Models had different results for macro and micro elements: macro element concentrations were determined by the organic matter, while for micro elements the clay content and the forms were significant explanatory variables. These findings are important for land managers and farmers because heavy metal concentration has a direct impact on living organisms, and the risk of bioaccumulation can be high on floodplains.
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