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Zhou L, Guo F, Jiang Y, Liu W, Meng F, Wang C. A pilot-scale SNAD-MBBR process for treating anaerobic digester liquor of swine wastewater: performance and microbial community. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:120329-120339. [PMID: 37936048 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-30840-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
In this pilot-scale study, simultaneous partial nitrification, anammox, and denitrification (SNAD) process was achieved successfully in a moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) for treating anaerobic digester liquor of swine wastewater. After 95 days of operation, when the total nitrogen loading rate of SNAD-MBBR process was 1.09 kg TN/m3/day, the total nitrogen removal rate could reach 0.87 kg TN/m3/day, and the removal efficiencies of ammonium and total nitrogen were 92.0% and 79.7%, respectively. The optimum pH and temperature for SNAD-MBBR process were 8.5 and 35 °C, respectively, and the optimum dissolved oxygen for SNAD1 and SNAD2 were 0.30 and 0.07 mg/L, respectively. The 16S rRNA sequencing suggested that Candidatus Kuenenia, Candidatus Brocadia, Nitrosomonas, and Denitratisoma were the dominant nitrogen removal bacteria. Some of the co-existing bacteria (Truepera, Limnobacter, and Anaerolineaceae uncultured) promoted ammonium oxidation and guaranteed the growth of the anammox bacteria under adverse environmental conditions. Overall, this study demonstrated that the SNAD-MBBR process would be an energy-saving and cost-effective method for the removal of nitrogen from swine wastewater and provided important process parameters for stable operation of the full-scale SNAD process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Zhou
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing, 210000, People's Republic of China
- Jiangsu Environmental Engineering Technology Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 210000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangzheng Guo
- Jiangsu Environmental Engineering Technology Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 210000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongwei Jiang
- Jiangsu Environmental Engineering Technology Co., Ltd, Nanjing, 210000, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijing Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Engineering, Nanjing, 210000, People's Republic of China
| | - Fangang Meng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510006, People's Republic of China.
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2
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Yan Y, Li X, Ren S, Zhang Q, Wu D, Zhou J, Peng Y. Efficient nitrogen removal and robustness enhancement of a two-stage partial nitrification-anammox (PN/A) process with low sludge concentration for mature landfill leachate. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 387:129573. [PMID: 37506937 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The biological treatment system for high-strength wastewater, particularly landfill leachate, typically requires high sludge concentration to maintain nitrogen removal performance. However, it frequently causes an excessive accumulation of toxins in microbial metabolism, resulting in unstable performance during long-term operation. An efficient two-stage partial nitrification/anammox (PN/A) mature landfill leachate process with low sludge concentration was constructed by settling time reduction and Ca2+ addition. The ammonia removal rate reached 46.7 mg N/(L·h) in PN-SBR. Nitrosomonas (2.0%) was the sole genus responsible for partial nitrification. The influent NO2--N/NH4+-N of A-SBR was kept at 1.39, leading to a dynamic equilibrium of anammox and denitrification. Ca. Brocadia recovered fastest (0.32% → 1.8%) among the detected AnAOB genera. The process achieved NRE of 95.0% with effluent TIN of 37.6 mg/L (<40 mg/L). This research offered recommendations for the favorable operation of the two-stage PN/A mature landfill leachate treatment system with low sludge concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yan
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xiyao Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Shang Ren
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Di Wu
- Qingdao SPRING Water Treatment Co. Ltd., Qingdao 266510, China
| | - Jiazhong Zhou
- Qingdao SPRING Water Treatment Co. Ltd., Qingdao 266510, China
| | - Yongzhen Peng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Advanced Municipal Wastewater Treatment and Reuse Technology, Engineering Research Center of Beijing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China.
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3
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Zhao J, Dong X, Su H, Huang J, Liu Z, He P, Zhang D. Rapid start-up of PN/A process and efficient enrichment of functional bacteria: A novel aerobic-biofilm/anaerobic-granular nitrogen removal system (OANRS). BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2023; 380:128944. [PMID: 36963701 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Reactor configuration, control strategy and inoculation method were key factors affecting the rapid start-up of partial nitrification/anammox (PN/A) process and the efficient enrichment of functional bacteria (anammox and ammonia oxidizing bacteria). At present, PN/A process was generally operated through single factor rather than forming a system. In this study, a novel aerobic-biofilm/anaerobic-granular nitrogen removal system (OANRS) was constructed, which consisted of a multi-stage aerobic-biofilm/anaerobic-granular baffle reactor (MOABR) and a control strategy on pH/aeration time. PN process was started within 10d, and PN/A process was started on the basis of stable PN process within 41d. The simultaneous enrichment of functional bacteria was achieved by combining the advantages of single-stage and two-stage PN/A process. The results of high-throughput sequencing showed that Candidatus Kuenenia (20.42 ± 15.88%) was highly enriched in each compartment at day 98, and the relative abundance of Candidatus Kuenenia in the anaerobic compartment R4 was as high as 43.13%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiejun Zhao
- CCCC(Tianjin)Eco-Environmental Protection Design & Research Institute Co, Tianjin 300000, PR China; Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Mining & Metallurgy Environmental Pollution Control, Jiangxi Province, Ganzhou City 341000, PR China
| | - Xianfeng Dong
- CCCC(Tianjin)Eco-Environmental Protection Design & Research Institute Co, Tianjin 300000, PR China
| | - Hao Su
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Mining & Metallurgy Environmental Pollution Control, Jiangxi Province, Ganzhou City 341000, PR China
| | - Jiayin Huang
- CCCC(Tianjin)Eco-Environmental Protection Design & Research Institute Co, Tianjin 300000, PR China
| | - Zuwen Liu
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Mining & Metallurgy Environmental Pollution Control, Jiangxi Province, Ganzhou City 341000, PR China
| | - Pan He
- CCCC(Tianjin)Eco-Environmental Protection Design & Research Institute Co, Tianjin 300000, PR China
| | - Dachao Zhang
- Jiangxi University of Science and Technology, School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Mining & Metallurgy Environmental Pollution Control, Jiangxi Province, Ganzhou City 341000, PR China.
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4
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Dai B, Yang Y, Wang Z, Wang J, Yang L, Cai X, Wang Z, Xia S. Enhancement and mechanisms of iron-assisted anammox process. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 858:159931. [PMID: 36343824 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.159931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) is a sustainable biological nitrogen removal technology that has limited large-scale applications owing to the low cell yield and high sensitivity of anammox bacteria (AnAOB). Fortunately, iron-assisted anammox, being a highly practical method could be an effective solution. This review focused on the iron-assisted anammox process, especially on its performance and mechanisms. In this review, the effects of iron in three different forms (ionic iron, zero-valent iron and iron-containing minerals) on the performance of the anammox process were systematically reviewed and summarized, and the strengthening effects of Fe (II) seem to be more prominent. Moreover, the detailed mechanisms of iron-assisted anammox in previous researches were discussed from macro to micro perspectives. Additionally, applicable iron-assisted methods and unified strengthening mechanisms for improving the stability of nitrogen removal and shortening the start-up time of the system in anammox processes were suggested to explore in future studies. This review was intended to provide helpful information for scientific research and engineering applications of iron-assisted anammox.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Yifeng Yang
- Shanghai Municipal Engineering Design and Research Institute, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zuobing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Jiangming Wang
- School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Lin Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Xiang Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Siqing Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai 200092, China.
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5
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Gao D, Li Y, Liang H. Biofilm carriers for anaerobic ammonium oxidation: Mechanisms, applications, and roles in mainstream systems. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 353:127115. [PMID: 35395366 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2022.127115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The anaerobic ammonium oxidation (ANAMMOX) process was proposed as the most promising nitrogen removal process. Biofilm carriers were demonstrated to effectively enhance the anaerobic ammonium oxidating bacteria (AnAOB) retention. This paper reviews the effect of carrier properties on the AnAOB biofilm development according to the biofilm development process and the application state-of-art of three major kinds of conventional carriers, organic-based, inorganic-based carriers, and gel carriers, from the view of system performance and functional microorganisms. The carrier modification methods and purpose are thoroughly summarized and classified into three categories corresponding to various carrier defects. Four important aspects of the desirable carrier for the mainstream ANAMMOX process were proposed, including providing spatial configuration, enhancing the biomass retention, reinforcing the activity, and improving the growth environment, which needs to combine the advantages of organic and inorganic materials. Eventually, the future application directions of novel carriers for the ANAMMOX-based process were also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawen Gao
- School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China.
| | - Yuqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, School of Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150090, China
| | - Hong Liang
- School of Environment and Energy Engineering, Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Beijing 100044, China
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6
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Wang J, Liang J, Ning D, Zhang T, Wang M. A review of biomass immobilization in anammox and partial nitrification/anammox systems: Advances, issues, and future perspectives. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 821:152792. [PMID: 35033568 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Two biomass immobilization techniques; entrapment and carrier-based, attract increasing attention in anammox and partial nitrification/anammox (PN/A) systems. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the advances, outstanding issues, and future research directions in this field. The application of both entrapment and carrier-based biofilm immobilization for reactor start up, improving the nitrogen removal performance, and protecting autotrophic bacteria from environmental fluctuations in anammox and partial nitrification/anammox systems are summarized and discussed. The key characteristics of carriers for biomass immobilization are biocompatibility for supporting microbial growth, permeability for effective mass transfer, and physical/chemical stability for long-term use. Carriers without these characteristics must be improved and re-evaluated for their feasibility in applications. Lab-scale, pilot, and full-scale studies are needed to overcome the potential obstacles of preliminary studies, and to investigate the long-term performance of biomass immobilization techniques, especially using real wastewater as influent, which may introduce more complexity and threaten the carrier's immobilization. In addition, calculating the 'nitrogen removal rate normalized by the packing ratio of carriers (NRR-C)' in the immobilization system is strongly suggested to obtain a direct comparison of immobilization performance/limitations from different studies. This review will improve understanding of the major challenges of immobilization technology in anammox and PN/A systems and provide insights into the next-stage of research and full-scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxing Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; College of Horticulture, North West Agriculture and Forestry University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jidong Liang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Dingying Ning
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Tengge Zhang
- Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering and EMS Energy Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Meng Wang
- Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering and EMS Energy Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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7
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Huang TH, Tung FT, Chen GF, Chen WH. Variations of N concentrations and microbial community in the start-up of anammox using anaerobic heterotrophic sludge: Influence of a long reaction-phase time and comparison of the efficiencies of attached-versus suspended-growth cultures. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 287:132151. [PMID: 34517235 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic sludge was capable of producing anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) cultures. However, the low activity of anammox bacteria in the seed sludge often led to a long time for stable anammox to initiate. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of an extended reaction-phase time in the sequencing batch reactor (SBR) on the rapid startup of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) using anaerobic heterotrophic bacteria as the seed sludge. After the startup, suspended and attached bacteria in anammox were separately analyzed for comparison. The variations of nitrogen concentrations and shifts of the microbial community structures were studied. The results showed that anammox occurred after a long reaction-phase time in the SBR with the efficient removals of NH4+ (96.4%) and NO2- (99.8%). The effective NO2- treatment before anammox startup was attributable to inevitable denitrification or dissimilatory nitrate reduction (e.g., Denitratisoma). The occurrence of anammox was supported by the anammox stoichiometry, bacteria diversity variation, and principal component analysis. The overall nitrogen removal rate (NRR) and nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) was 0.07 kg/m3-d and 92.8%, respectively. The relative molar quantities of NH4+ and NO2- removed as well as N2 and NO3- formed were 1(1):1.29(1.32):1.45(1.02):0.15(0.26), as the numbers in the parentheses represent the theoretical values. Denitratisoma and Desulfatiglans dominated in the seed sludge, whereas Candidatus_Jettenia abundances were significantly higher in anammox attached- (26.0%) and suspended-growth cultures (14.5%). Fifty-three genera were simultaneously identified in all samples, suggesting their importance in the startup of anammox from anaerobic sludge. Candidatus_Jettenia was observed to be more associated with the growth of anammox biofilm (the abundances were 26.0% and 14.5% in attached- and suspended-growth cultures, respectively) and supported the fine nitrogen removal performance in the attached-growth cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsung-Hsien Huang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Tsen Tung
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Fu Chen
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsiang Chen
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan; Aerosol Science and Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, 804, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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8
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De Prá MC, Bonassa G, Bortoli M, Soares HM, Kunz A. Novel one-stage reactor configuration for deammonification process: Hydrodynamic evaluation and fast start-up of NITRAMMOX® reactor. Biochem Eng J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2021.108005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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9
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Wang F, Xu S, Liu L, Wang S, Ji M. One-stage partial nitrification and anammox process in a sequencing batch biofilm reactor: Start-up, nitrogen removal performance and bacterial community dynamics in response to temperature. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 772:145529. [PMID: 33581528 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A one-stage partial nitrification and anammox (PN/A) process was started up and operated under varying temperatures in a lab-scale sequencing batch biofilm reactor. The start‑up phase took 110 days with an intermittent aeration strategy, and the removal efficiencies of ammonia‑nitrogen and total nitrogen were found to be 92.22% and 76.07%, respectively. The total nitrogen removal efficiency (NRE) increased by 9.49% when temperature decreased from 30 °C to 25 °C, but declined by 83.84% from 25 °C to 20 °C. The PN process was inhibited and subsequently limited the nitrogen removal performance at 20 °C. When temperature returned to 28 °C, the NRE recovered to 67.27%, but it was still lower than the value before the decrease in temperature (79.40%). Microbial community analysis showed that the predominant ammonia oxidation bacteria and anammox bacteria were Nitrosomonas and Candidatus Kuenenia, respectively. Nitrosomonas grew, while the relative abundance of Candidatus Kuenenia increased as temperature decreased and vice versa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fen Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Sihan Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Lingjie Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Siyu Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; China Urban Construction Design & Research Institute Co., Ltd, Beijing 100120, China
| | - Min Ji
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
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10
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Qian F, Huang Z, Liu Y, Grace OOW, Wang J, Shi G. Conversion of full nitritation to partial nitritation/anammox in a continuous granular reactor for low-strength ammonium wastewater treatment at 20 °C. Biodegradation 2021; 32:87-98. [PMID: 33449262 DOI: 10.1007/s10532-020-09923-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The feasibility of converting full nitritation to partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A) at ambient temperature (20 °C) was investigated in a continuous granular reactor. The process was conducted without anammox bacteria inoculation for the treatment of 70 mg L-1 of low-strength ammonium nitrogen wastewater. Following the stepwise increase of the nitrogen loading rate from 0.84 to 1.30 kg N m-3 d-1 in 320 days of operation, the removal efficiency of total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) exceeded 80% under oxygen-limiting conditions. The mature PN/A granules, which had a compact structure and abundant biomass, exhibited a specific TIN removal rate of 0.11 g N g-1 VSS d-1 and a settling velocity of 70.2 m h-1. This was comparable with that obtained at above 30 °C in previous reports. High-throughput pyrosequencing results revealed that the co-enrichment of aerobic and anaerobic ammonium-oxidizing bacteria identified as genera Nitrosomonas and Candidatus Kuenenia, which prompted a hybrid competition for oxygen and nitrite with nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB). However, the overgrowth of novel NOB Candidatus Nitrotoga adapted to low temperatures and low nitrite concentration could potentially deteriorate the one-stage PN/A process by exhausting residual bulk ammonium under long-term excessive aeration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyue Qian
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou, 215009, People's Republic of China. .,National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou, 215009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Ziheng Huang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou, 215009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxin Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou, 215009, People's Republic of China
| | - Olatidoye Omo Wumi Grace
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou, 215009, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou, 215009, People's Republic of China.,National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou, 215009, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangyu Shi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, Suzhou, 215009, People's Republic of China.,National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, Suzhou, 215009, People's Republic of China
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11
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Bonassa G, Chiapetti Bolsan A, Venturin B, Celant De Prá M, Goldschmidt Antes F, Ester Hollas C, Johann G, Coldebella A, Kunz A. A new kinetic model to predict substrate inhibition and better efficiency in an airlift reactor on deammonification process. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2021; 319:124158. [PMID: 33007698 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A collection of kinetic models to explore the bacteria pathway inhibition by high-ammonia during deammonification process was fitted. The main goal was to determine the substrate concentration to operate the deammonification with efficiency, performance and low impact to ANAMMOX and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) by substrate. A new mathematical model was created to describe the deammonification behavior, since the empirical theoretical models showed inconsistent parameters to describe the process. The proposed model showed significant prediction to the estimable parameters and according to it, until 550 mg NH3-N L-1 no inhibitions by ammonia and nitrite were observed. However, concentrations higher than this promote the decrease on specific bacterial activity and nitrite accumulation, since it was not quickly consumed by the bacteria. The proposed model can be applied to predict microorganism affinity and inhibition by substrate over a wide range of ammonia concentrations (<900 mgNH3-N L-1) in reactors treating high-ammonia concentration swine wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Bruno Venturin
- Western Paraná State University, 85819-110 Cascavel, PR, Brazil
| | - Marina Celant De Prá
- Federal University of Technology - Parana (UTFPR), 85660-000 Dois Vizinhos, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | - Gracielle Johann
- Federal University of Technology - Parana (UTFPR), 85660-000 Dois Vizinhos, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Airton Kunz
- Western Paraná State University, 85819-110 Cascavel, PR, Brazil; Embrapa Suínos e Aves, 89715-899 Concórdia, SC, Brazil.
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12
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Chini A, Ester Hollas C, Chiapetti Bolsan A, Venturin B, Bonassa G, Egidio Cantão M, Mercia Guaratini Ibelli A, Goldschmidt Antes F, Kunz A. Process performance and anammox community diversity in a deammonification reactor under progressive nitrogen loading rates for swine wastewater treatment. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2020; 311:123521. [PMID: 32438094 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The performance of a deammonification reactor fed with increasing nitrogen loading rates (NLR) was evaluated. The digestate from a continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR) treating sludge from a swine production unit was diluted to provide different ammonia concentrations. The biomass samples from the end of each experimental phase were analyzed for microorganism community evaluation. The results proved that deammonification system supported a NLR up to 3.27 ± 0.13 g N L-1 d-1 with nitrogen removal efficiency of 83%. The specific ammonia consumption rate (µNH3-N) did not decrease up to this NLR proving the stability of reactor performance. Anammox bacteria genus shifted along the experiment and at the end the predominant anammox bacteria found in the reactor was candidatus Brocadia. Finally, it was proved that a deammonification reactor for nitrogen removal from CSTR digestate could be easily controlled only by monitoring pH and dissolved oxygen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angélica Chini
- Western Paraná State University, 85819-110 Cascavel, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | - Bruno Venturin
- Western Paraná State University, 85819-110 Cascavel, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Airton Kunz
- Western Paraná State University, 85819-110 Cascavel, PR, Brazil; Embrapa Suínos e Aves, 89715-899 Concórdia, SC, Brazil.
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Zhang X, Wang C, Wu P, Yin W, Xu L. New insights on biological nutrient removal by coupling biofilm-based CANON and denitrifying phosphorus removal (CANDPR) process: Long-term stability assessment and microbial community evolution. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 730:138952. [PMID: 32388374 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
It was difficult to obtain a stable and efficient biological nutrient removal for high-strength wastewater treatment, the possibility of exploiting innovative CANDPR process, integrating biofilm-based completely autotrophic nitrogen removal over nitrite (CANON) with denitrifying phosphorus removal (DPR) was evaluated to resolve the difficulty. Results revealed that the excellent NH4+-N, PO43--P and COD removal efficiencies of 96%, 96% and 91%, were achieved respectively under a high nitrogen loading rate (0.79 kg·m-3·d-1) without adding organic matters during 320 days operation. Promoting NOx--N recirculation demonstrated as an efficient strategy for further nutrient depletion, facilitating the enhanced NO3--N removal to 100% with the considerably high P-uptake performance. Batch tests confirmed that denitrifying phosphorus accumulating organisms (DPAOs) using NO3--N as electron acceptors accounting for 68% in total PAOs. Dechloromonas was identified as dominating genus in DPR, while Nitrosomonas (1.31%), Candidatus_Kuenenia (5.53%) and Candidatus_Brocadia (1.77%) contributed to the desirable nitrogen removal, indicating that cooperative consortia of DPAOs, AOB and AnAOB were harvested during long-term operation. The CANDPR process was verified to be energy-saving and treatment-reliable for renovating of existing plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingxing Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, 215009 Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chaochao Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, 215009 Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, 215009 Suzhou, People's Republic of China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, 215009 Suzhou, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, No. 1 Kerui Road, 215009 Suzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wen Yin
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, 215009 Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Lezhong Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, 215009 Suzhou, People's Republic of China; National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Municipal Sewage Resource Utilization Technology, No. 1 Kerui Road, 215009 Suzhou, People's Republic of China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Material of Water Treatment, No. 1 Kerui Road, 215009 Suzhou, People's Republic of China
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Li B, Wang Y, Li X, Zhang Z, Wang H, Li Y, Wu L, Li J. Comparing the nitrogen removal performance and microbial communities of flocs-granules hybrid and granule-based CANON systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 703:134949. [PMID: 31740059 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Flocs and granules tend to coexist in a single reactor. Granules can improve microbial retention capacity, however, the role of flocs in the CANON reactor remains unclear. The changes in the nitrogen removal performance and microbial communities between flocs-granules hybrid and granule-based systems were studied in this experiment. With a reduction in the flocs ratio (35% → 10%), the nitrogen removal performance deteriorated. The average nitrogen removal efficiency and rate dropped from 81.4% to 67.2% and from 0.225 to 0.174 kg/(m3·d), respectively. The contribution of heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria decreased from 13.5% to 1%, leading to changes in the nitrogen removal pathways between the systems. Furthermore, the activities of anaerobic and aerobic ammonium oxidizing bacteria declined dramatically, which weakened the nitrogen removal performance. Thus, the hybrid system with a flocs ratio near 35% is recommended for use in a CANON reactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolin Li
- School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
| | - Yue Wang
- School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, China
| | - Zhi Zhang
- College of Environmental and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
| | - Heng Wang
- School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Ye Li
- School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Li Wu
- School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Jiangtao Li
- School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
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15
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Evaluation of Partial Nitritation/Anammox (PN/A) Process Performance and Microorganisms Community Composition under Different C/N Ratio. WATER 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/w11112270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A one-stage partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A) process with intermittent aeration is possible under sidestream conditions, but implementation in a mainstream is a challenge due to increased Carbon/Nitrogen (C/N) ratios in domestic wastewater. This study investigated the effect of C/N ratios on process efficiency and the effect of narrowing non-aeration time on process improvement at high chemical oxygen demand (COD) load. An increase in TN removal efficiency was achieved in both series with gradual change of C/N ratio from 1 to 3, from 65.1% to 83.4% and 63.5% to 78% in 1st and 2nd series, respectively. However, at the same time, the ammonium utilization rate (AUR) value decreased with the increase in C/N ratio. At a high COD (C/N = 3) concentration, the process broke down and regained productivity after narrowing the non-aeration time in both series. Shifts in the system performance were also connected to adaptive changes in microbial community revealed by data obtained from 16S rRNA NGS (next-generation sequencing), which showed intensive growth of the bacteria with dominant heterotrophic metabolism and the decreasing ratio of autotrophic bacteria. The study shows that deammonification is applicable to the mainstream provided that the C/N ratio and the aeration/non-aeration time are optimized.
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Zhang K, Lyu L, Yao S, Kang T, Ma Y, Pan Y, Chang M, Wang Y, Furukawa K, Zhu T. Effects of vibration on anammox-enriched biofilm in a high-loaded upflow reactor. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 685:1284-1293. [PMID: 31300167 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
An upflow biofilm reactor was operated for 211 days to investigate the effects of vibration on anammox treatment performance. With vibration, the highest nitrogen removal rates (20 kg-N·m-3·d-1) were obtained on day 180. Since the vibration could directly applied on the biofilm, it could release the dinitrogen gas accumulated in the biofilm timely and reduce the internal mass transfer resistance sharply. The specific anammox activity increased by more than 3 times with a higher vibration intensity. Meanwhile, the unique random motion caused by mechanical vibration promotes the production of extracellular proteins. Moreover, the VSS reached 20.97 g·L-1 which was 1.6 times higher than the control reactor. Such enrichment method resulted in a hard and thick anammox biofilm with a special granular morphology, and the nitrite tolerance concentration could reach 500 mg-N·L-1. Operated with an adequate vibration intensity could maintain the biofilm thickness and conducive to improve the stability of the reactor. In addition, this technique also allowed the microorganisms inside the biofilm and those on the surface to reach the same culture conditions. Base on the batch experiments, intermittent vibration caused a decrease in energy consumption from about 7.757 (kW·h)·(kg-N)-1 in group 0-Lv7(60-60) to 0.912 (kW·h)·(kg-N)-1 in group 0-Lv7(5-60). Compared to the internal recycle without vibration, the energy consumption fell by a slice over 65%. Furthermore, the high-throughput sequencing results showed that the relative abundance of Candidatus Kuenenia in reactor 1 increased from 13.2% to 43.9%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuo Zhang
- Institute of Process Equipment and Environmental Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, PR China
| | - Liting Lyu
- Institute of Process Equipment and Environmental Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, PR China
| | - Sai Yao
- Institute of Process Equipment and Environmental Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, PR China
| | - Tianli Kang
- Institute of Process Equipment and Environmental Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, PR China
| | - Yongguang Ma
- Institute of Process Equipment and Environmental Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, PR China
| | - Yuan Pan
- Institute of Process Equipment and Environmental Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, PR China
| | - Mingdong Chang
- Institute of Process Equipment and Environmental Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, PR China
| | - Youzhao Wang
- Institute of Process Equipment and Environmental Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, PR China.
| | - Kenji Furukawa
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1 Kurokami, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Tong Zhu
- Institute of Process Equipment and Environmental Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110004, PR China.
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Zhang D, Xu S, Antwi P, Xiao L, Luo W, Liu Z, Li J, Su H, Lai C, Ayivi F. Accelerated start-up, long-term performance and microbial community shifts within a novel upflow porous-plated anaerobic reactor treating nitrogen-rich wastewater via ANAMMOX process. RSC Adv 2019; 9:26263-26275. [PMID: 35530984 PMCID: PMC9070342 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra04225c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Schematic diagram of the upflow porous-plate anaerobic reactor and nitrogen removal pathways occurring within the reactor.
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