1
|
Wang D, Wang J, Su P, Dai J, Tan X, Zhang D, Liu Y, Cheng F. Effects of dazomet combined with Rhodopsesudomonas palustris PSB-06 on root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita infecting ginger and soil microorganisms diversity. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1021445. [PMID: 36246285 PMCID: PMC9558219 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1021445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita is one of the most important nematodes affecting ginger crop. Rhodopseudomonas palustris PSB-06, as effective microbial fertilizer in increasing plant growth and suppressing soil-borne disease of many crops has been reported. The combination of R. palustris PSB-06 and dazomet treatments had been proved to inhibit root-knot nematode on ginger and increase ginger yield in our preliminary study. The field experiments were conducted to elucidate the reasons behind this finding, and followed by next-generation sequencing to determine the microbial population structures in ginger root rhizosphere. The results showed that combination of R. palustris PSB-06 and dazomet treatment had a synergetic effect by achieving of 80.00% reduction in root-knot nematode numbers less than soil without treatment, and also could increase 37.37% of ginger yield through increasing the contents of chlorophyll and total protein in ginger leaves. Microbiota composition and alpha diversity varied with treatments and growth stages, soil bacterial diversity rapidly increased after planting ginger. In addition, the combined treatment could increase diversity and community composition of probiotic bacteria, and decrease those of soil-borne pathogenic fungi comparing to the soil treated with dazomet alone. Meanwhile, it could also effectively increase soil organic matter, available phosphorus and available potassium. Analysis of correlation between soil microorganisms and physicochemical properties indicated that the soil pH value and available phosphorus content were important factors that could affect soil microorganisms structure at the harvest stage. The bacterial family was more closely correlated with the soil physicochemical properties than the fungal family. Therefore, the combination of R. palustris PSB-06 and dazomet was considered as an effective method to control root-knot nematode disease and improve ginger soil conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of the Pests and Diseases on Horticultural Crops in Hunan Province, Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Agricultural Economy and Regional Planning Research Institute, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Pin Su
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of the Pests and Diseases on Horticultural Crops in Hunan Province, Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Jianping Dai
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of the Pests and Diseases on Horticultural Crops in Hunan Province, Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Xinqiu Tan
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of the Pests and Diseases on Horticultural Crops in Hunan Province, Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Deyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of the Pests and Diseases on Horticultural Crops in Hunan Province, Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of the Pests and Diseases on Horticultural Crops in Hunan Province, Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Yong Liu,
| | - Feixue Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of the Pests and Diseases on Horticultural Crops in Hunan Province, Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Changsha, China
- Feixue Cheng,
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Variation of soil bacterial communities in a chronosequence of citrus orchard. ANN MICROBIOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s13213-022-01681-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
Soil microorganisms are vital for soil ecosystems through bioconversion of soil nutrients and maintenance of soil fertility to promoting the growth and development of citrus. However, understanding of how different planting years affect the soil bacterial community structures as related to nutrient availability in citrus orchards is limited.
Methods
Here, Illumina MiSeq technology was used to investigate changes in bacterial community structures with different ages of citrus orchards that were 2, 5, 10, 15, and 18 years old.
Results
The data showed that (1) soil bacterial community structures changed over the different growth stages of citrus orchards. With the extension of plantation age, the microbial diversity of citrus orchards increased gradually so that it was highest in 10-year-old citrus plantations but then decreased where the diversity of 18-year-old citrus ages was significantly lower than that of 10 and 15-year-old ones. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Chloroflexi were the four dominant phyla in soil of citrus orchards, accounting for 30.85%, 24.89%, 14.27%, and 14.05% of the total soil bacterial communities, respectively. (2) Soil bacterial community structures in different succession stages were affected by soil pH and nutrients, in particular available potassium (AK).
Conclusion
This study advances the understanding of soil microbiota of orchards and their interactions related to environmental factors in citrus orchard, which will improve our ability to promote the function of soil bacteria, so as to improve soil pH and reduce potassium (K) fertilizer input and improve the fruit quality.
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhu X, Li X, Shen B, Zhang Z, Wang J, Shang X. Bioremediation of lead-contaminated soil by inorganic phosphate-solubilizing bacteria immobilized on biochar. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 237:113524. [PMID: 35483141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a bio-composite (IBWS700) was prepared using inorganic phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (iPSB), which were immobilized on biochar produced from wheat straw (WS700). Further, the bio-remediation effects of the composite for lead (Pb) in soil were also investigated. The presence of different Pb species, physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, and immobilization mechanisms of Pb in soil were also evaluated. Compared to free iPSB and biochar, IBWS700 significantly decreased the lead bio-availability whereas increased the residual fraction, also affected available phosphorus (AP), cation exchange capacity (CEC), organic matter (OM) and activity of urease, alkaline phosphatase, sucrase and catalase. Interestingly, the changes in the enzyme activity, AP and OM performed twice increases with increasing Pb concentration, which was rarely reported. The reason might be attributed to the reconstruction of bacteria communities with high Pb load. Further, the immobilization mechanisms mainly included bio-adsorption and bio-precipitation. SEM revealed that the surface of IBWS700 covered with a large number of heterogeneous colonization of iPSB and white stack after Pb2+ adsorption. FTIR spectra showed that O-H, C-O-P, CO, and C =C could play important roles in bio-adsorption. Moreover, XRD analysis indicated that bio-precipitates were mainly Pb5(PO4)3Cl. In general, the use of IBWS700 could effectively immobilize Pb2+ and improve soil quality.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zhu
- College of Urban and Environmental Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environment Carrying Capacity, Xi'an 710127, China.
| | - Xue Li
- College of Urban and Environmental Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Baoshou Shen
- College of Urban and Environmental Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China
| | - Ziye Zhang
- Xi'an Jinborui Ecological Tech. Co., Ltd, China
| | - Junqiang Wang
- College of Urban and Environmental Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China; Xi'an Jinborui Ecological Tech. Co., Ltd, China
| | - Xiaoqing Shang
- College of Urban and Environmental Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, China; Xi'an Jinborui Ecological Tech. Co., Ltd, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wang M, Zhang L, He Y, Huang L, Liu L, Chen D, Shan A, Feng Y, Yang X. Soil fungal communities affect the chemical quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves in Bijie, Southwest China. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2815. [PMID: 35181683 PMCID: PMC8857190 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-06593-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil microorganisms could affect the quality of tobacco leaves, however, little is known about the association of tobacco chemical components and soil fungal communities. In the present study, the relationship between soil fungi and tobacco quality based on chemical components in Bijie was investigated. The results showed that the total harmony scores (THS) of the analyzed tobacco leaves ranged from 46.55 ± 3.5 to 91.55 ± 2.25. Analyses of chemical components revealed that high contents of nicotine (≥ 1.06%) and sugar (total sugar: ≥ 22.96%, reducing sugar: ≥ 19.62%), as well as low potassium level (≤ 2.68%) were the main factors limiting the quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that soil nitrate, available potassium/phosphorous, and organic matter significantly correlated with tobacco nicotine, potassium, and chloride levels (p < 0.05). Besides, the analysis of alpha- and beta-diversity of soil fungal communities implied that fungal structure rather than the richness affected the chemical quality of tobacco. In detail, the relative abundance of Humicola olivacea species in soils was positively correlated with the THS of tobaccos (r = 0.52, p < 0.05). Moreover, the species including Mortierella alpina, Mortierella hyalina, Tausonia pullulan, and Humicola olivacea were negatively correlated with tobacco sugar (r ≤ - 0.45, p < 0.05) while, Codinaea acaciae and Saitozyma podzolica species were negatively correlated with tobacco nicotine (r ≤ - 0.51, p < 0.05). The present study provides a preliminary basis for utilizing fungal species in soils to improve the chemical quality of tobacco in the studied area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Long Zhang
- Bijie Branch Company of Guizhou Tobacco Company, Guizhou, 551713, China
| | - Yi He
- Bijie Branch Company of Guizhou Tobacco Company, Guizhou, 551713, China
| | - Lukuan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Anqi Shan
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ying Feng
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Xiaoe Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Long Y, Jiang J, Hu X, Hu J, Ren C, Zhou S. The response of microbial community structure and sediment properties to anthropogenic activities in Caohai wetland sediments. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 211:111936. [PMID: 33482494 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.111936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the response of sediment microbial communities (including bacteria and archaeal groups) in Caohai Lake to anthropogenic activities. The sediment samples were collected from the regions with high anthropogenic interference and low anthropogenic interference. Their physicochemical properties and enzyme activities were analyzed, and the bacterial and archaeal communities were investigated using high-throughput sequencing technology. The results showed that the physicochemical characters changed by anthropogenic activities were the important factors that influenced enzyme activities, alpha diversity, key functional taxa, and community structure. And the impact of anthropogenic activities on microbial communities might follow a non-linear pattern. Furthermore, few significant differences of alpha indices between the high and low disturbed areas, but clear differences of microbial community composition analysis and beta-diversity analysis were observed. The hypothesis was proved that the intensity of anthropogenic impacts in Caohai had not reached the potential thresholds. The best distinguish biomarkers between the two areas and the most related key nodes among the network did not always have a high microbial abundance. The anthropogenic activities might influence the microbial community by affecting a small number of the key taxon in the ecological network. These findings provided a valuable understanding of how sediment microorganisms respond to anthropogenic activities in Caohai Lake.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunchuan Long
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550003, PR China; Guizhou Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550009, PR China
| | - Juan Jiang
- Guizhou Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550009, PR China
| | - Xuejun Hu
- Guizhou Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550009, PR China
| | - Jing Hu
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550003, PR China; Guizhou Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550009, PR China
| | - Chunguang Ren
- Guizhou Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550009, PR China
| | - Shaoqi Zhou
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550003, PR China; Guizhou Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550009, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang C, Zhang X, Ni H, Gai X, Huang Z, Du X, Zhong Z. Soil carbon and associated bacterial community shifts driven by fine root traits along a chronosequence of Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) plantations in subtropical China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 752:142333. [PMID: 33207507 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) is widely considered to be effective in capturing and sequestering atmospheric C, but the long-term effects of extensive management strategies on soil organic carbon (SOC), bacterial communities, fine root (FR, ø ≤ 2 mm) traits, and their inherent connection remain unclear. In this study, we simultaneously measured the SOC content of the bulk and rhizosphere soil fractions, the aggregate stability, the chemical composition of SOC (solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance [NMR]), the bacterial community structure in the rhizosphere, and the FR morphological traits including biomass, specific root length (SRL), and root length density (RLD) along a chronosequence (stand age of 19, 37, and 64 years) of extensively managed Moso bamboo plantations and in an adjacent secondary forest as a control. The organic C content in both the rhizosphere and bulk soil increased rapidly with plantation age in the 0-20- and 20-40-cm soil layers, accompanied by an increase in the aggregate stability. FR traits including biomass, SRL, and RLD also increased continuously in response to soil C:N:P stoichiometry. All of these traits were significantly correlated with SOC, occluded particulate organic C (oPOC), and mineral-associated organic C (MOC), suggesting that FR traits could drive the soil C sequestration with the plantation age. Further analysis indicated that the microbial biomass C (MBC) content, MBC/total organic carbon (TOC) ratio, and bacterial abundance decreased with the plantation age, and the shift from soil oligotrophy to copiotrophy bacteria were mainly driven by changes in FR traits and SOC properties. Such a reassembly of bacterial communities combined with an increase in root biomass is favorable for the accumulation of stable C functional groups (alkyl C or aromatic C). Our findings indicate that extensive management regimes of Moso bamboo plantations could promote long-term soil C sequestration especially in the rhizosphere by promoting the formation of soil aggregates and organic-mineral complexes and by shifting bacterial community composition, and that these changes can be inferred through changes in the FR traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chuanbao Yang
- China National Bamboo Research Center, Key Laboratory of Resources and Utilization of Bamboo of State Forestry Administration, Hangzhou 310012, PR China
| | - Xiaoping Zhang
- China National Bamboo Research Center, Key Laboratory of Resources and Utilization of Bamboo of State Forestry Administration, Hangzhou 310012, PR China
| | - Huijing Ni
- International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Bamboo and Rattan of State Forestry Administration, Beijing 100020, PR China
| | - Xu Gai
- China National Bamboo Research Center, Key Laboratory of Resources and Utilization of Bamboo of State Forestry Administration, Hangzhou 310012, PR China
| | - Zichen Huang
- China National Bamboo Research Center, Key Laboratory of Resources and Utilization of Bamboo of State Forestry Administration, Hangzhou 310012, PR China
| | - Xuhua Du
- China National Bamboo Research Center, Key Laboratory of Resources and Utilization of Bamboo of State Forestry Administration, Hangzhou 310012, PR China.
| | - Zheke Zhong
- China National Bamboo Research Center, Key Laboratory of Resources and Utilization of Bamboo of State Forestry Administration, Hangzhou 310012, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Xu X, Xia Z, Liu Y, Liu E, Müller K, Wang H, Luo J, Wu X, Beiyuan J, Fang Z, Xu J, Di H, Li Y. Interactions between methanotrophs and ammonia oxidizers modulate the response of in situ methane emissions to simulated climate change and its legacy in an acidic soil. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 752:142225. [PMID: 33207503 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Methane (CH4) is one of the most important greenhouse gases which can be formed by methanogens and oxidized by methanotrophs, as well as ammonia oxidizers. Agricultural soils can be both a source and sink for atmospheric CH4. However, it is unclear how climate change, will affect CH4 emissions and the underlying functional guilds. In this field study, we determined the impact of simulated climate change (a warmer and drier condition) and its legacy effect on CH4 emissions and the methanogenic and methanotrophic communities, as well as their relationships with ammonia oxidizers in an acidic soil with urea application. The climate change conditions were simulated in a greenhouse, and the legacy effect was simulated by removing the greenhouse after twelve months. Simulated climate change significantly decreased the in situ CH4 emissions in the urea-treated soils while the legacy effect significantly decreased the in situ CH4 emissions in the control plots, but had very little effect in the urea-treated soils. This indicates that the impact of simulated climate change and its legacy on CH4 emissions was significantly modified by nitrogen fertilization. Methanotrophs were more sensitive than methanogens in response to simulated climate change and its legacy effect, especially in the urea treated soil. Significant negative correlations were observed between the abundances of ammonia oxidizers and methanotrophs. Additionally, results of partial least path modeling (PLS-PM) indicated that the interactions of methanogens and methanotrophs with ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA) had significant positive relationships with in situ CH4 emissions under the simulated climate change condition. Our work highlights the important role of AOA for CH4 emissions under climate change conditions. Further research is needed to better understand this effect in other ecosystems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoya Xu
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China; College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Zhidan Xia
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310058, China
| | - Yaowei Liu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Enfeng Liu
- College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Karin Müller
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, Ruakura Research Centre, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton, New Zealand
| | - Hailong Wang
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Jiafa Luo
- AgResearch Ruakura, Hamilton 3214, New Zealand
| | - Xiaolian Wu
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Jingzi Beiyuan
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Zheng Fang
- School of Environment and Chemical Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, China
| | - Jianming Xu
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hongjie Di
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yong Li
- College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yan D, Gellie NJC, Mills JG, Connell G, Bissett A, Lowe AJ, Breed MF. A soil archaeal community responds to a decade of ecological restoration. Restor Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.13033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- DongFeng Yan
- College of Forestry Henan Agricultural University, Nongye Road Zhengzhou 450002 China
- School of Biological Sciences and the Environment Institute University of Adelaide Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
| | - Nicholas J. C. Gellie
- School of Biological Sciences and the Environment Institute University of Adelaide Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
| | - Jacob G. Mills
- School of Biological Sciences and the Environment Institute University of Adelaide Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
| | - Gemma Connell
- School of Biological Sciences and the Environment Institute University of Adelaide Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
| | | | - Andrew J. Lowe
- School of Biological Sciences and the Environment Institute University of Adelaide Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
| | - Martin F. Breed
- School of Biological Sciences and the Environment Institute University of Adelaide Adelaide SA 5005 Australia
| |
Collapse
|