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Di Fluri P, Di Talia V, Antonioni G, Domeneghetti A. A short-cut methodology for the spatial assessment of the biochemical river quality. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:388. [PMID: 38512542 PMCID: PMC10957600 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12520-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
The deterioration of superficial water quality is a significant concern in water management. Currently, most European rivers do not achieve qualitative standards defined by Directive 2000/60/EC (Water Framework Directive, WFD), while the health status of many surface water bodies remains unknown. Within this context, we propose a new methodology to perform a semi-quantitative analysis of the pressure state of a river, starting from easily accessible data related to anthropic activities. The proposed approach aims to address the endemic scarcity of monitoring records. This study proposes a procedure to (i) evaluate the relative pressure of different human activities, (ii) identify allocation points of different pollutant sources along the river using a raster-based approach, and (iii) determine a spatial biochemical water quality index. The developed index expresses the overall biochemical state of surface water induced by pollutant sources that may simultaneously impact a single river segment. This includes establishments under the so-called Seveso Directive, activities subjected to the IPPC-IED discipline, wastewater treatment plants, and contaminated sites. The methodology has been tested over three rivers in Northern Italy, each exposed to different industrial and anthropogenic pressures: Reno, Enza, and Parma. A comparison with monitored data yielded convincing results, proving the consistency of the proposed index in reproducing the spatial variability of the river water quality. While additional investigations are necessary, the developed methodology can serve as a valuable tool to support decision-making processes and predictive studies in areas lacking or having limited water quality monitoring data.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Di Fluri
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.
| | - V Di Talia
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - G Antonioni
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - A Domeneghetti
- Department of Civil, Chemical, Environmental and Materials Engineering, Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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2
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Severe E, Errigo IM, Proteau M, Sayedi SS, Kolbe T, Marçais J, Thomas Z, Petton C, Rouault F, Vautier C, de Dreuzy JR, Moatar F, Aquilina L, Wood RL, LaBasque T, Lécuyer C, Pinay G, Abbott BW. Deep denitrification: Stream and groundwater biogeochemistry reveal contrasted but connected worlds above and below. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 880:163178. [PMID: 37023812 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Excess nutrients from agricultural and urban development have created a cascade of ecological crises around the globe. Nutrient pollution has triggered eutrophication in most freshwater and coastal ecosystems, contributing to a loss in biodiversity, harm to human health, and trillions in economic damage every year. Much of the research conducted on nutrient transport and retention has focused on surface environments, which are both easy to access and biologically active. However, surface characteristics of watersheds, such as land use and network configuration, often do not explain the variation in nutrient retention observed in rivers, lakes, and estuaries. Recent research suggests subsurface processes and characteristics may be more important than previously thought in determining watershed-level nutrient fluxes and removal. In a small watershed in western France, we used a multi-tracer approach to compare surface and subsurface nitrate dynamics at commensurate spatiotemporal scales. We combined 3-D hydrological modeling with a rich biogeochemical dataset from 20 wells and 15 stream locations. Water chemistry in the surface and subsurface showed high temporal variability, but groundwater was substantially more spatially variable, attributable to long transport times (10-60 years) and patchy distribution of the iron and sulfur electron donors fueling autotrophic denitrification. Isotopes of nitrate and sulfate revealed fundamentally different processes dominating the surface (heterotrophic denitrification and sulfate reduction) and subsurface (autotrophic denitrification and sulfate production). Agricultural land use was associated with elevated nitrate in surface water, but subsurface nitrate concentration was decoupled from land use. Dissolved silica and sulfate are affordable tracers of residence time and nitrogen removal that are relatively stable in surface and subsurface environments. Together, these findings reveal distinct but adjacent and connected biogeochemical worlds in the surface and subsurface. Characterizing how these worlds are linked and decoupled is critical to meeting water quality targets and addressing water issues in the Anthropocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilee Severe
- Lancaster Environmental Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK; Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Isabella M Errigo
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA; Grupo de Investigación en Biodiversidad, Medio Ambiente y Salud (BIOMAS), Facultad de Ingenierías y Ciencas Aplicadas, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Mary Proteau
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Sayedeh Sara Sayedi
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Tamara Kolbe
- Section of Hydrogeology and Hydrochemistry, Institute of Geology, Faculty of Geoscience, Geoengineering and Mining, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany
| | - Jean Marçais
- Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAe), RiverLy, Centre de Lyon-Villeurbanne, 69625 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Zahra Thomas
- Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAe), Sol Agro et Hydrosystème Spatialisation, UMR 1069, Agrocampus Ouest, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Christophe Petton
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, Géosciences Rennes, UMR 6118, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - François Rouault
- Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement (INRAe), Sol Agro et Hydrosystème Spatialisation, UMR 1069, Agrocampus Ouest, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Camille Vautier
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, Géosciences Rennes, UMR 6118, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Jean-Raynald de Dreuzy
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, Géosciences Rennes, UMR 6118, 35000 Rennes, France; Univ Rennes, CNRS, OSUR (Observatoire des sciences de l'univers de Rennes), UMS 3343, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Florentina Moatar
- RiverLy, INRAE, Centre de Lyon-Grenoble Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes, Lyon, France
| | - Luc Aquilina
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, Géosciences Rennes, UMR 6118, 35000 Rennes, France
| | - Rachel L Wood
- Department of Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA
| | - Thierry LaBasque
- Univ Rennes, CNRS, Géosciences Rennes, UMR 6118, 35000 Rennes, France
| | | | - Gilles Pinay
- Environnement, Ville & Société (EVS UMR5600), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lyon, France
| | - Benjamin W Abbott
- Department of Plant and Wildlife Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT, USA.
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3
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Nie J, Mirza S, Viteritto M, Li Y, Witherell BB, Deng Y, Yoo S, Feng H. Estimation of nutrient (N and P) fluxes into Newark Bay, USA. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 190:114832. [PMID: 36934488 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted in northern New Jersey, USA, to estimate the nutrient fluxes from the Passaic River, the Hackensack River and other sources into Newark Bay and the nutrient residence time in Newark Bay. Bi-weekly total inorganic nitrogen (TIN) and orthophosphate concentration data in the Passaic River, the Hackensack River, and Newark Bay for over 15 years (2004-2019) were collected along with daily river discharge data from the public database. The annual TIN and orthophosphate (ortho-P) loading from the Passaic River ranged from 915 × 103 kg y-1 to 251 × 104 kg y-1 and 94 × 103 kg y-1to 372 × 103 kg y-1, respectively. The annual TIN and ortho-P loading from the Hackensack River ranged from 3.13 × 103 kg y-1 to 234 × 103 kg y-1 and 0.28 × 103 kg y-1 to 6.97 × 103 kg y-1, respectively. Seasonal variation results indicated that hurricane events highly increased TIN and ortho-P loading from riverine input and reduced residence time in Newark Bay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Nie
- Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA
| | - Sana Mirza
- Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA
| | - Michael Viteritto
- Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA
| | - Yuanyi Li
- School of Marine Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | | | - Yang Deng
- Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA
| | - Shinjae Yoo
- Computational Science Initiative, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, USA
| | - Huan Feng
- Department of Earth and Environmental Studies, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA.
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4
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Meier L, Brauns M, Grimm V, Weitere M, Frank K. MASTIFF: A mechanistic model for cross-scale analyses of the functioning of multiple stressed riverine ecosystems. Ecol Modell 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2022.110007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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5
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Hellmann L, Módenes AN, Schmitz APDO, Espinoza-Quiñones FR, Trigueros DEG, Sauer Pokrywiecki T, Klem Bohrer J, Oglio ICD, Tones ARM. Effect of elemental composition assigned to antrotopic pollution on the quality of the water and sediment of the Marrecas river (PR, Brazil) as highlighted by multivariate statistical analyses. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND HEALTH. PART A, TOXIC/HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES & ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING 2022; 57:139-153. [PMID: 35156550 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2022.2039551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, several environmental pollutants have been monitored in surface waters and sediments. However, few studies apply multivariate statistics to identify the main components and correlate them temporally and spatially. In this sense, the present study sought to monitor the quality of water and sediments in the Rio Marrecas/Brazil, through the analysis of physicochemical parameters and trace elements, as well as to identifying sources of contamination, using multivariate statistics. For this purpose, sampling was carried out in nine locations for a period of 12 months. The Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence (TXRF) technique was used to quantify the 15 elements identified in water and sediment samples. Through multivariate statistical analyses, the most significant elements, their correlations and possible pollutant sources were defined, and the pollution index (HPI) and assessment index (HEI) of heavy metals were applied. The parameters pH and BOD5 do not comply with Brazilian legislation. Based on PCA and Spearman correlation, there was strong evidence of contamination of the water naturally, composed of the elements Ti, V, Mn, Fe, and of anthropogenic origin composed of the elements Ca, Ni, Cu, Zn. These findings provide insights to determine the impacts of heavy metals on human health and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliane Hellmann
- Postgraduate Program of Chemical Engineering, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Toledo, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Aparecido Nivaldo Módenes
- Postgraduate Program of Chemical Engineering, Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, Toledo, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula de Oliveira Schmitz
- Graduation Department of Engineering, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - UTFPR, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ticiane Sauer Pokrywiecki
- Graduation Department of Engineering, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - UTFPR, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Klem Bohrer
- Postgraduate Program of Environmental Engineering, Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná - UTFPR, Francisco Beltrão, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Aline Raquel Müller Tones
- Federal University of Fronteira Sul, Water and Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Rua Jacob Reinaldo Haupenthal, Cerro Largo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Geng M, Niu Y, Liao X, Wang K, Yang N, Qian Z, Li F, Zou Y, Chen X, Deng Z, Xie Y. Inter-annual and intra-annual variations in water quality and its response to water-level fluctuations in a river-connected lake, Dongting Lake, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:14083-14097. [PMID: 34601677 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16739-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The hydrological conditions of river-connected lakes are complex primarily owing to their considerable water-level fluctuations (WLFs). Water quality in such lakes varies with hydrodynamic variations; however, their relationship is not clear. To identify the unique relationship between water level and water quality in river-connected lakes, we used the comprehensive pollution index (CPI) and regression analysis to analyze the spatiotemporal variation in water quality in Dongting Lake from 2015 to 2018 and the effects of water level on water quality. Four water quality parameters were selected: total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), permanganate index (CODMn), and chlorophyll a (Chl-a). The results showed significant spatial variation in the lake water quality, with relatively high concentrations of TN, TP, CODMn, and Chl-a in East Dongting Lake. TN and TP decreased by 12.15% and 37.61%, respectively, from 2015 to 2018, whereas CODMn increased from 1.781 to 2.009 mg/L. Seasonally, TN and TP concentrations were low in the summer and autumn, with high concentrations in the winter and spring. In contrast, CODMn and Chl-a concentrations exhibited opposite trends. The pollution level in Dongting Lake ranged between slightly and moderately polluted, with a CPI ranging from 0.76 to 1.32 across all sampling sites during 2015-2018. The water level in Dongting Lake initially increased and, then, decreased in a year, with marked WLFs owing to seasonal shifts in precipitation and human activities. The water level had significant negative relationships with TN and TP concentrations and a significant positive relationship with CODMn concentration (p < 0.05). Based on the results, strict control of excessive external nutrient loading should be actively implemented in Dongting Lake, in addition to hydrological regulation for effective lake water quality management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Geng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, People's Republic of China
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People's Republic of China
| | - Yandong Niu
- Hunan Academy of Forestry, Changsha, 410004, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Liao
- Dongting Lake Research Centre, Hunan Hydro & Power Design Institute, Changsha, 410007, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Water Environment Treatment and Ecological Restoration in Dongting Lake, Changsha, 410007, People's Republic of China
| | - Kelin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, People's Republic of China
| | - Nan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Key Technologies of Digital Urban-Rural Spatial Planning of Hunan Province, College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Hunan City University, Yiyang, 413000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhan Qian
- Dongting Lake Research Centre, Hunan Hydro & Power Design Institute, Changsha, 410007, People's Republic of China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Water Environment Treatment and Ecological Restoration in Dongting Lake, Changsha, 410007, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, People's Republic of China.
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yeai Zou
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, People's Republic of China
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinsheng Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, People's Republic of China
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengmiao Deng
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, People's Republic of China
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, People's Republic of China
| | - Yonghong Xie
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, People's Republic of China
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, 410125, People's Republic of China
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7
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Fernandes ACP, Terêncio DPS, Pacheco FAL, Fernandes LFS. A combined GIS-MCDA approach to prioritize stream water quality interventions, based on the contamination risk and intervention complexity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 798:149322. [PMID: 34340076 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Water management decisions are complex ever since they are dependent on adopted politics, social objectives, environmental impacts, and economic determinants. To adequately address hydric resources issues, it is crucial to rely on scientific data and models guiding decision-makers. The present study brings a new methodology, consisting of a combined GIS-MCDA, to prioritize catchments that require environmental interventions to improve surface water quality. A Portuguese catchment, Ave River Basin, was selected to test this methodology due to the low water quality. First, it was calculated the contamination risk of each catchment, based on a GIS-MCDA using point source pressures, landscape metrics, and diffuse emissions as criteria. This analysis was compared to local data of ecological and chemical status through ANOVA and the Tukey test. The results showed the efficiency of the method since the contamination risk was lower for catchments under a good status and higher in catchments with a lower classification. In a second task, it was calculated the intervention complexity using a different GIS-MCDA. For this approach, it was chosen five criteria that condition environmental interventions, population density, slope, percentage of burned areas, Strahler order, and the number of effluent discharge sites. Both multicriteria methods were combined in a graphical analysis to rank the catchments intervention priority, subdividing the prioritization into four categories from 1st to 4th, giving a higher preference for catchments with high contamination risk and low intervention complexity. As a result, catchments with a good status were dominantly placed under low intervention priority, and catchments with a lower ecological status were classified as a high priority, 1st and 2nd. In total, 248 catchments were spatially ranked, which is an essential finding for decision-makers, that are willing to safeguard the catchment water quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C P Fernandes
- Centro de Investigação e Tecnologias Agroambientais e Biológicas, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Ap 1013, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal.
| | - D P S Terêncio
- Centro de Investigação e Tecnologias Agroambientais e Biológicas, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Ap 1013, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal; Centro de Química de Vila Real, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Ap 1013, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - F A L Pacheco
- Centro de Química de Vila Real, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Ap 1013, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
| | - L F Sanches Fernandes
- Centro de Investigação e Tecnologias Agroambientais e Biológicas, Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Ap 1013, 5001-801 Vila Real, Portugal
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8
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Abily M, Vicenç A, Gernjak W, Rodríguez-Roda I, Poch M, Corominas L. Climate change impact on EU rivers' dilution capacity and ecological status. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 199:117166. [PMID: 33984584 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.117166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Impacts from urban wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) to receiving riverine surface water bodies (SWBs) depend on the load of contaminants discharged, as well as on their dilution capacity. Yet, climate change impacts on such dilution capacity and ultimately on the SWBs ecological status remain unclear. Here, we assess SWBs dilution capacity across the European continent to identify most vulnerable areas using information from centralized European databases. SWBs´ future dilution factor values are estimated based on representative concentration pathway scenarios impacts on rivers flow, and likely changes in European SWBs´ ecological status foretold. Results show that dilution factor in Europe increases by 5.4% in average. Yet, climate change effects are found to lead to a consistent dilution factor decrease for 11% of the 40074 European SWBs receiving WWTP discharge for the early century. This share reaches 17% for the midcentury period. We estimate that up to 42% of the SWBs receiving WWTP discharges and currently reaching a good ecological status show a 0.7 probability to have their ecological status downgraded due to climate change. Sites more vulnerable are located in the Mediterranean countries. Our findings highlight that climate change mitigation is essential for maintaining good ecological status in European SWBs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Abily
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA). Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; University of Girona. Plaça de Sant Domènec 3, 17004 Girona, Spain
| | - Acuña Vicenç
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA). Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; University of Girona. Plaça de Sant Domènec 3, 17004 Girona, Spain
| | - Wolfgang Gernjak
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA). Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies (ICREA), Passeig Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ignasi Rodríguez-Roda
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA). Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; Laboratory of Chemical and Environmental Engineering (LEQUiA), Institute of the Environment, University of Girona, 17071 Girona, Spain
| | - Manuel Poch
- Laboratory of Chemical and Environmental Engineering (LEQUiA), Institute of the Environment, University of Girona, 17071 Girona, Spain
| | - Lluís Corominas
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA). Carrer Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain; University of Girona. Plaça de Sant Domènec 3, 17004 Girona, Spain.
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9
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Yang S, Bertuzzo E, Büttner O, Borchardt D, Rao PSC. Emergent spatial patterns of competing benthic and pelagic algae in a river network: A parsimonious basin-scale modeling analysis. WATER RESEARCH 2021; 193:116887. [PMID: 33582496 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.116887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Algae, as primary producers in riverine ecosystems, are found in two distinct habitats: benthic and pelagic algae typically prevalent in shallow/small and deep/large streams, respectively. Over an entire river continuum, spatiotemporal patterns of the two algal communities reflect specificity in habitat preference determined by geomorphic structure, hydroclimatic controls, and spatiotemporal heterogeneity in nutrient loads from point- and diffuse-sources. By representing these complex interactions between geomorphic, hydrologic, geochemical, and ecological processes, we present here a new river-network-scale dynamic model (CnANDY) for pelagic (A) and benthic (B) algae competing for energy and one limiting nutrient (phosphorus, P). We used the urbanized Weser River Basin in Germany (7th-order; ~8.4 million population; ~46 K km2) as a case study and analyzed simulations for equilibrium mass and concentrations under steady median river discharge. We also examined P, A, and B spatial patterns in four sub-basins. We found an emerging pattern characterized by scaling of P and A concentrations over stream-order ω, whereas B concentration was described by three distinct phases. Furthermore, an abrupt algal regime shift occurred in intermediate streams from B dominance in ω≤3 to exclusive A presence in ω≥6. Modeled and long-term basin-scale monitored dissolved P concentrations matched well for ω>4, and with overlapping ranges in ω<3. Power-spectral analyses for the equilibrium P, A, and B mass distributions along hydrological flow paths showed stronger clustering compared to geomorphological attributes, and longer spatial autocorrelation distance for A compared to B. We discuss the implications of our findings for advancing hydro-ecological concepts, guiding monitoring, informing management of water quality, restoring aquatic habitat, and extending CnANDY model to other river basins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soohyun Yang
- Department of Aquatic Ecosystem Analysis and Management, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany; Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
| | - Enrico Bertuzzo
- Dipartimento di Scienze Ambientali, Informatica e Statistica, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 30172 Venezia-Mestre, Italy
| | - Olaf Büttner
- Department of Aquatic Ecosystem Analysis and Management, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Dietrich Borchardt
- Department of Aquatic Ecosystem Analysis and Management, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, 39114 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - P Suresh C Rao
- Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; Agronomy Department, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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10
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Schmidt C, Kumar R, Yang S, Büttner O. Microplastic particle emission from wastewater treatment plant effluents into river networks in Germany: Loads, spatial patterns of concentrations and potential toxicity. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 737:139544. [PMID: 32512293 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) are considered to be a point source of microplastic (particles <5 mm) for riverine environments. However, data on microplastic effluent concentrations in WWTPs is collected with a broad range of methods, which impede comparisons across data sets. We provide an estimate of the annual emissions of microplastic particles by WWTPs into the ten major river basins of Germany. We analyze the concentration patterns of microplastics among different stream orders resulting from the spatial organization of WWTPs along the river network. The local in-stream microplastic concentrations are estimated through a network model that accounts for routing of microplastics through the entire fluvial network under the assumption of no losses by sedimentation, entanglement or degradation. Previous studies have observed microplastic concentrations in treated WWTPs effluents ranging several orders of magnitude. In 19 studies reviewed (2016-2020), the concentrations of observed microplastic concentrations (size range between 10 and 5000 μm) in 79 WWTP effluents ranged between 4 ∗ 100 and 4.5 ∗ 105 items/m3 with a median of around 6400 items/m3. The total, median microplastic load emitted by WWTPs in Germany is 7 ∗ 1012 items/year. The simulated microplastic concentrations, on average, tend to increase with increasing stream order suggesting that the WWTP effluent fraction accumulates with a higher rate than discharge. Simulated WWTP-derived in-stream concentrations are higher than observed concentrations with all sources of microplastic, not only those from WWTPs. Observed microplastic concentrations in rivers as well as the considerably higher simulated, WWTP-derived microplastic concentration, even for low flow conditions, are approximately one order of magnitude below currently known toxic effect levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Schmidt
- Department Hydrogeology, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Germany; Department of Aquatic Ecosystem Analysis, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Germany
| | - Rohini Kumar
- Department of Computational Hydrosystems, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Germany
| | - Soohyun Yang
- Department of Aquatic Ecosystem Analysis, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Germany
| | - Olaf Büttner
- Department of Aquatic Ecosystem Analysis, Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Germany.
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Chemometric Assessment of Bulgarian Wastewater Treatment Plants' Effluents. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194408. [PMID: 32992854 PMCID: PMC7583790 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 09/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Surface water quality strongly depends on anthropogenic activity. Among the main anthropogenic sources of this activity are the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents. The discharged loads of nutrients and suspended solids could provoke serious problems for receiving water bodies and significantly alter the surface water quality. This study presents inventory analysis and chemometric assessment of WWTP effluents based on the mandatory monitoring data. The comparison between the Bulgarian WWTPs and previously reported data from other countries reveals that discharged loads from investigated WWTPs are lower. This is particularly valid for total suspended solids (TSS). The low TSS loads are the reason for the deviations of the typical calculated WWTP effluent ratios of Bulgarian WWTPs compared to the WWTPs worldwide. The performed multivariate analysis reveals the hidden factors that determine the content of WWTP effluents. The source apportioning based on multivariate curve resolution analysis provides detailed information for source contribution profiles of the investigated WWTP effluent loads and elucidate the difference between WWTPs included in this study.
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Conceptual Mini-Catchment Typologies for Testing Dominant Controls of Nutrient Dynamics in Three Nordic Countries. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12061776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Optimal nutrient pollution monitoring and management in catchments requires an in-depth understanding of spatial and temporal factors controlling nutrient dynamics. Such an understanding can potentially be obtained by analysing stream concentration–discharge (C-Q) relationships for hysteresis behaviours and export regimes. Here, a classification scheme including nine different C-Q types was applied to a total of 87 Nordic streams draining mini-catchments (0.1–65 km2). The classification applied is based on a combination of stream export behaviour (dilution, constant, enrichment) and hysteresis rotational pattern (clock-wise, no rotation, anti-clockwise). The scheme has been applied to an 8-year data series (2010–2017) from small streams in Denmark, Sweden, and Finland on daily discharge and discrete nutrient concentrations, including nitrate (NO3−), total organic N (TON), dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), and particulate phosphorus (PP). The dominant nutrient export regimes were enrichment for NO3− and constant for TON, DRP, and PP. Nutrient hysteresis patterns were primarily clockwise or no hysteresis. Similarities in types of C-Q relationships were investigated using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) considering effects of catchment size, land use, climate, and dominant soil type. The PCA analysis revealed that land use and air temperature were the dominant factors controlling nutrient C-Q types. Therefore, the nutrient export behaviour in streams draining Nordic mini-catchments seems to be dominantly controlled by their land use characteristics and, to a lesser extent, their climate.
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Assessment of Spatial Variation in River Water Quality of the Baiyangdian Basin (China) during Environmental Water Release Period of Upstream Reservoirs. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12030688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Baiyangdian Lake, the largest freshwater body in Northern China, is facing water shortage and eutrophication problems that threaten the lake’s ecosystem. Environmental water releases from upstream reservoirs to the lake are important measures to provide the freshwater resources demanded by the lake ecosystem. However, knowledge is limited regarding the influences of such water allocations on the water quality of the upstream rivers that receive the reservoir water and transport it into Baiyangdian Lake. To improve our understanding of possible influences of environmental water releases from upstream reservoirs, the spatial variation of water quality in rivers upstream of the lake during environmental water release periods from reservoirs was explored in this study. Water samples were collected along the two routes of water allocation: the WangKuai reservoir route (WKR) and the XiDaYang reservoir route (XDYR) and water quality parameters related to organic pollutants, nitrogen and phosphorus were analyzed. In the WKR, the pollutant concentrations generally increased from upstream to downstream. Chemical oxygen demand, total nitrogen, and total phosphorous at the sampling site closest to Baiyangdian Lake could not meet the water quality target of the water function zone. For the XDYR, pollutant concentrations peaked downstream of the major urban region of Baoding city and then decreased or remained at a similar level further downstream and only the total nitrogen concentration was worse than the target. The dissimilarities in spatial variation patterns of water quality may be caused by the different spatial distribution of wastewater treatment plants in the two routes.
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