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Zhong Y, Hou C, Gao X, Wang M, Yao Y, Chen M, Di B, Su M. Application of wastewater-based epidemiology to estimate the usage of beta-agonists in 31 cities in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 894:164956. [PMID: 37343858 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.164956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
The illegal use of beta-agonists could cause severe problems to human health. In this study, the usage of beta-agonists in 31 cities across China was estimated using wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE). The proposed method is based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) and LC-MS/MS and was developed and validated to determine the concentration of seven beta-agonists in wastewater. A population model based on cotinine (COT), NH4-N and the flow volume was constructed to estimate the population equivalents for different wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Clenbuterol and ractopamine are banned in China for both animal husbandry and medical use, but were nevertheless detected in some wastewater samples at rates of 6.2 % and 4.7 %, respectively (n = 339). The WBE-based consumption of clenbuterol and ractopamine were compared with the acceptable daily intake (ADI) and the health risks were assessed by their hazard quotients (0.26-6.62 for clenbuterol and 9.27 × 10-4-0.05 for ractopamine). Salbutamol, clorprenaline and terbutaline were observed in practically all wastewater samples at concentrations of up to several ng/L, whereas the formoterol and bambuterol concentrations were below the detection limit in all samples. Salbutamol consumption (7.35 ± 4.14 mg/1000 inh/day) was highest among the examined beta-agonists and varied regionally. Beta-agonist consumption based on WBE was higher in some cities than that based on medical survey data, indicating potential illegal use. These results show that WBE can be a straightforward and supplementary method for monitoring beta-agonist usage at the population level and spatially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuling Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing, 210009, China; China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Chenzhi Hou
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing, 210009, China; China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Xinyi Gao
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Mingyu Wang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yan Yao
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing, 210009, China; China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Mengyi Chen
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing, 210009, China; China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Bin Di
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing, 210009, China; China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing, 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, No. 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211100, China.
| | - Mengxiang Su
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing, 210009, China; China National Narcotics Control Commission, China Pharmaceutical University Joint Laboratory on Key Technologies of Narcotics Control, No. 24 Tongjiaxiang Road, Nanjing, 210009, China; Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, China Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Education, No. 639 Longmian Avenue, Nanjing, 211100, China.
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Yan W, Zhang T, Li S, Wang Y, Zhu L, Cao Y, Lai X, Huang H. Oxidative Stress and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Contributes to Arecoline and Its Secondary Metabolites-Induced Dyskinesia in Zebrafish Embryos. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076327. [PMID: 37047326 PMCID: PMC10094114 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Areca nut has been listed as one of the most addictive substances, along with tobacco, alcohol and caffeine. Areca nut contains seven psychoactive alkaloids; however, the effects of these alkaloids on embryonic development and motor behavior are rarely addressed in zebrafish embryo-larvae. Herein, we investigated the effects of exposure to three alkaloids (arecoline and secondary metabolites—arecaidine and arecoline N-oxide) on the developmental parameters, locomotive behavior, oxidative stress and transcriptome of zebrafish embryos. Zebrafish embryos exposed to different concentrations (0, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 and 1000 μM) of arecoline, arecaidine and arecoline N-oxide showed no changes in mortality and hatchability rates, but the malformation rate of zebrafish larvae was significantly increased in a dose-dependent manner and accompanied by changes in body length. Moreover, the swimming activity of zebrafish larvae decreased, which may be due to the increase in reactive oxygen species and the imbalance between oxidation and antioxidation. Meanwhile, transcriptome analysis showed that endoplasmic reticulum stress and the apoptosis p53 signaling pathway were significantly enriched after exposure to arecoline and arecoline N-oxide. However, arecaidine exposure focuses on protein synthesis and transport. These findings provide an important reference for risk assessment and early warning of areca nut alkaloid exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhua Yan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400010, China; (W.Y.)
| | - Tian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Rheological Science and Technology, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, No.174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing 400044, China; (T.Z.)
| | - Shuaiting Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400010, China; (W.Y.)
| | - Yunpeng Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400010, China; (W.Y.)
| | - Li Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Rheological Science and Technology, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, No.174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing 400044, China; (T.Z.)
| | - Yu Cao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Rheological Science and Technology, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, No.174 Shazhengjie, Shapingba, Chongqing 400044, China; (T.Z.)
| | - Xiaofang Lai
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biological Resources and Environment of Jiangsu Province, College of Marine Science and Fisheries, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Huizhe Huang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.76 Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400010, China; (W.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-023-62888334
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Adsorption Characteristics and Mechanism of Methylene Blue in Water by NaOH-Modified Areca Residue Biochar. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10122729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To solve the water pollution problem caused by methylene blue (MB), areca residue biochar (ARB) was prepared by pyrolysis at 600 °C, and modified areca residue biochar (M-ARB) was obtained by modifying ARB with 1.5 mol/L NaOH, and they were utilized to adsorb and eliminate MB from water. The structural characteristics of ARB and M-ARB were examined, and the main influencing factors and adsorption mechanism of MB adsorption process were investigated. The outcomes demonstrated an increase in M-ARB’s specific surface area and total pore volume of 66.67% and 79.61%, respectively, compared with ARB, and the pore structure was more abundant, and the content of oxygen element was also significantly increased. When the reaction temperature was 25 °C, starting pH of the mixture was 10, the initial MB concentration was 50 mg/L, the ARB and M-ARB dosages were 0.07 g/L and 0.04 g/L, respectively, the adsorption equilibrium was achieved at about 210 min, and the elimination rate for MB exceeded 94%. The adsorption behaviors of ARB and M-ARB on MB were more in line with the Langmuir isotherm model (R2 > 0.95) and the quasi-secondary kinetic model (R2 > 0.97), which was characterized by single-molecule layer chemisorption. The highest amount of MB that may theoretically be absorbed by M-ARB in water ranging from 136.81 to 152.72 mg/g was 74.99–76.59% higher than that of ARB. The adsorption process was a spontaneous heat absorption reaction driven by entropy increase, and the adsorption mechanism mainly involved electrostatic gravitational force, pore filling, hydrogen bonding, and π–π bonding, which was a complex process containing multiple mechanisms of action. NaOH modification can make the ARB have more perfect surface properties and more functional group structures that can participate in the adsorption reaction, which can be used as an advantageous adsorption material for MB removal in water.
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Kong D, Wang G, Tang Y, Guo M, Ul Haq Khan Z, Guo Y, Gu W, Ma Y, Sui M, Li J, Yang M. Potential health risk of areca nut consumption: Hazardous effect of toxic alkaloids and aflatoxins on human digestive system. Food Res Int 2022; 162:112012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Chen L, Yuan F, Chen S, Li X, Kong L, Zhang W. Potential Role of Host Microbiome in Areca Nut-Associated Carcinogenesis and Addiction. Molecules 2022; 27:8171. [PMID: 36500264 PMCID: PMC9739811 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Areca nut (AN) is widely consumed all over the world, bringing great harm to human health and economy. Individuals with AN chewing are at high risk of cardiovascular disease and impaired immune system and metabolic system. Despite a growing number of studies having reported on the adverse effects brought by AN chewing, the exact mechanism of it is limited and the need for additional exploration remains. In recent years, the interaction between microorganisms, especially intestinal microorganism and host, has been extensively studied. AN chewing might disrupt the oral and intestinal microbiota communities through direct connect with the microbes it contains, altering PH, oxygen of oral and intestinal microenvironment, and disturbing the immune homeostasis. These mechanisms provide insights into the interplay between areca nut and host microbiota. Emerging studies have proposed that bidirectional interaction between polyphenols and intestinal microbes might play a potential role in the divergence of polyphenol, extracted from AN, among individuals with or without AN-induced cancer development and progression. Although some AN chewers have been aware of the harmful effects brought by AN, they cannot abolish this habit because of the addiction of AN. Increasing studies have tried to revealed that gut microbiota might influence the onset/development of addictive behaviors. Altogether, this review summarizes the possible reasons for the disturbance of host microbiota caused by areca nut chewing and clarifies the complex interaction between human microbiome and major constituents and the addiction and carcinogenicity of AN, tempting to provide novel insights into the development and utilization of it, and to control the adverse consequences caused by AN chewing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Chen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Fulai Yuan
- Health Management Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410078, China
| | - Sifang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Xiong Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510060, China
| | - Lingyu Kong
- Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, China
- Engineering Research Center of Applied Technology of Pharmacogenomics, Ministry of Education, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410078, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, 87 Xiangya Road, Changsha 410008, China
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Fan X, Zhang J, Fu X, Zhou B, Xu Z, Huang H, Han S, Li X. Analysis of synthetic cannabinoids in wastewater of major cities in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 827:154267. [PMID: 35247413 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic cannabinoids (SCs) could pose serious health risks to its users. It is necessary to monitor its community consumption. Wastewater-based epidemiology is a potentially useful approach in this regard. However, limited research has been conducted to investigate the occurrence of SCs in wastewater. In this study, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method was optimized to analyze 8 SCs and metabolites (in total 16 analytes) in wastewater. The limit of quantification for this method for certain analytes in wastewater was as low as 0.03 ng L-1. The validated method was used to examine the stability of the analytes under different conditions and to examine their occurrence in wastewater collected from 31 major cities across China. The overwhelming majority of the analytes were stable within 24 h, even at room temperature. However, 5-fluoro MDMB-PICA and MDMB-4en-PINACA butanoic acid metabolite showed significant degradation within 120 days even when stored at -20 °C or -80 °C. At least one cannabinoid or their metabolite was detected in 21 cities. In the city with the highest detection rate, at least one synthetic cannabinoid or metabolite was detected in 95% of samples of the city. MDMB-4en-PINACA butanoic acid metabolite had the highest detection frequency (in 13.4% of the samples). These results indicated that SCs were used in a significant number of Chinese cities. A few parent drugs (MDMB-4en-PINACA, ADB-BUTINACA, 5-fluoro MDMB-PICA, 4-fluoro MDMB-BUTINACA) were detected in a small fraction of wastewater samples, possibly due to release from manufacturing of these cannabinoids or illegal addition of electronic cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolin Fan
- Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, PR China
| | - Jianhe Zhang
- Foundation Department, Engineering University of People's Armed Police, 710086 Xi'an, PR China
| | - Xiaofang Fu
- Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, PR China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Weiming Environmental Molecular Diagnostics Inc., 215500 Changshu, PR China
| | - Zeqiong Xu
- Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, PR China
| | - Hongmei Huang
- Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, PR China
| | - Sheng Han
- Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiqing Li
- Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, PR China.
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Han S, Wang Z, Huang H, Wang T, Zhou Z, Bai Y, Du P, Li X. Estimating antibiotics use in major cities in China through wastewater-based epidemiology. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 826:154116. [PMID: 35219670 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotics have been widely used for disease treatment and may pose adverse effects on human health due to increasing presence of antibiotic-resistant genes in environment. Therefore, it is important to understand antibiotic use in a specific region or country. China is a major producer of antibiotic and has a large number of consumers. In this work, wastewater samples were collected from 76 wastewater treatment plants in 31 major cities covering all of the geographic regions of China. Concentrations of eight metabolites of sulfonamide, quinolone and macrolide antibiotics were determined. The consumption levels of corresponding antibiotics were estimated based on wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) approach. Desmethyl ofloxacin, desethylene norfloxacin, desmethyl azithromycin and N4-acetyl sulfamethoxazole were detected in all or the overwhelming majority of wastewater samples. The estimated ∑8Antibiotics consumption levels ranged from 275.1 ± 139.4 mg/1000 inh/d (Nanchang) to 3860.9 ± 1332.3 mg/1000 inh/d (Harbin) with a mean level of 1170.0 ± 452.1 mg/1000 inh/d. Quinolones accounted for the highest proportion (74.3%, national average contribution) in the total consumption level, with norfloxacin being the dominant one (38.4%), followed by ofloxacin (29.1%) and ciprofloxacin (6.8%). The ∑8Antibiotics consumption level in northern China (1517.0 ± 1022.8 mg/1000 inh/d) was statistically higher than the level in southern China (1060.7 ± 989.1 mg/1000 inh/d) (t-test, p < 0.05). In contrast, no significant difference was found between eastern (1256.2 ± 1105.1 mg/1000 inh/d) and western China (988.3 ± 474.5 mg/1000 inh/d) (t-test, p > 0.05). The overview of antibiotics consumption derived from this work can serve as a baseline to assess the implementation of related plans/policies in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Han
- Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, PR China
| | - Zhenglu Wang
- College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, PR China
| | - Hongmei Huang
- Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, PR China
| | - Ting Wang
- Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, PR China
| | - Zilei Zhou
- Hubei Provincial Academy of Eco-environmental Sciences, Wuhan 430070, PR China
| | - Ya Bai
- Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, PR China
| | - Peng Du
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - Xiqing Li
- Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, 100871 Beijing, PR China.
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Picó Y, Barceló D. Identification of biomarkers in wastewater-based epidemiology: Main approaches and analytical methods. Trends Analyt Chem 2021; 145:116465. [PMID: 34803197 PMCID: PMC8591405 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2021.116465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has become popular to estimate the use of drugs of abuse and recently to establish the incidence of CoVID 19 in large cities. However, its possibilities have been expanded recently as a technique that allows to establish a fingerprint of the characteristics of a city, such as state of health/disease, healthy/unhealthy living habits, exposure to different types of contaminants, etc. with respect to other cities. This has been thanks to the identification of human biomarkers as well as to the fingerprinting and profiling of the characteristics of the wastewater catchment that determine these circumstances. The purpose of this review is to analyze the different methodological schemes that have been developed to perform this biomarker identification as well as the most characteristic analytical techniques in each scheme, their advantages and disadvantages and the knowledge gaps identified. We also discussed the future scope for development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yolanda Picó
- Environmental and Food Safety Research Group of the University of Valencia (SAMA-UV), Desertification Research Centre (CIDE), CSIC-GV-UV, Moncada Naquera Road Km 4.3, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Damià Barceló
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
- Catalan Institute for Water Research, ICRA - CERCA, Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, 17003 Girona, Spain
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