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Liu D, Wang X, Lü J, Zhu Y, Jian Y, Wang X, Gao F, Li L, Hu F. Whole-Genome Sequencing of Hexagrammos otakii Provides Insights into Its Genomic Characteristics and Population Dynamics. Animals (Basel) 2025; 15:782. [PMID: 40150311 PMCID: PMC11939782 DOI: 10.3390/ani15060782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2025] [Revised: 02/11/2025] [Accepted: 02/25/2025] [Indexed: 03/29/2025] Open
Abstract
Hexagrammos otakii, also commonly called "Fat Greenling", is highly valued as an important commercial fish due to its extremely delicious flesh. However, the absence of a genomic resource has limited our understanding of its genetic characteristics and hindered artificial breeding efforts. In this study, we performed Illumina paired-end sequencing of H. otakii, generating a total of 73.19 Gb of clean data. Based on K-mer analysis, the genome size was estimated to be 679.23 Mb, with a heterozygosity rate of 0.68% and a repeat sequence proportion of 43.60%. De novo genome assembly using SOAPdenovo2 resulted in a draft genome size of 723.31 Mb, with the longest sequence length being 86.24 Kb. Additionally, the mitochondrial genome was also assembled, which was 16,513 bp in size, with a GC content of 47.20%. Minisatellites were the most abundant tandem repeats in the H. otakii genome, followed by microsatellites. In the phylogenetic tree, H. otakii was placed within a well-supported clade (bootstrap support = 100%) that included S. sinica, N. coibor, L. crocea, and C. lucidus. PSMC analysis revealed that H. otakii underwent a population bottleneck during the Pleistocene, peaking around 500 thousand years ago (Kya) and declining to a minimum during the Last Glacial Period (~70-15 Kya), with no significant recovery observed by ~10 Kya. This study was a comprehensive genome survey analysis of H. otakii, providing insights into its genomic characteristics and population dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Li Li
- Laboratory of Benthic Fisheries Aquaculture and Enhancement, Shandong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Marine Ranch (Under Preparation), Marine Science Research Institute of Shandong Province (National Oceanographic Center, Qingdao), Qingdao 266104, China; (D.L.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.J.); (X.W.); (F.G.)
| | - Fawen Hu
- Laboratory of Benthic Fisheries Aquaculture and Enhancement, Shandong Key Laboratory of Intelligent Marine Ranch (Under Preparation), Marine Science Research Institute of Shandong Province (National Oceanographic Center, Qingdao), Qingdao 266104, China; (D.L.); (X.W.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (Y.J.); (X.W.); (F.G.)
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Li L, Hu F, Liu D, Wang X, Diao J, Zhu Y, Gao F, Fan Y, Jian Y, Wang X, Pan L, Guo W. A Chromosomal-level genome assembly and annotation of fat greenling (Hexagrammos otakii). Sci Data 2025; 12:78. [PMID: 39814736 PMCID: PMC11735804 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-025-04368-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/01/2025] [Indexed: 01/18/2025] Open
Abstract
Fat greenling (Hexagrammos otakii Jordan & Starks, 1895) is a valuable marine fish species, crucial for aquaculture in Northern China due to its high-quality meat and significant economic value. However, the aquaculture industry faces challenges such as trait degradation, early sexual maturity, and disease susceptibility, necessitating advanced genomic interventions for sustainable cultivation. This study presents the first chromosomal-level genome assembly of H. otakii, achieved using PacBio long-read sequencing and Hi-C technology. The assembly yielded a genome size of 682.43 Mb with a contig N50 size of 2.39 Mb and a scaffold N50 size of 27.83 Mb. The completeness of genome assessed by BUSCO is 96.99%. A total of 22,334 protein-coding genes were predicted, with 21,619 (96.80%) functionally annotated across various protein databases. This genomic resource is a step forward in supporting the breeding, germplasm conservation, and enhancement of H. otakii, facilitating genetic studies and the development of strategies for disease resistance and growth optimization in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Disease Control in Mariculture, Key Laboratory of Benthic Fisheries Aquaculture and Enhancement, Marine Science Research Institute of Shandong Province (National Oceanographic Center, Qingdao), Qingdao, 266104, China
| | - Fawen Hu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Disease Control in Mariculture, Key Laboratory of Benthic Fisheries Aquaculture and Enhancement, Marine Science Research Institute of Shandong Province (National Oceanographic Center, Qingdao), Qingdao, 266104, China.
| | - Dong Liu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Disease Control in Mariculture, Key Laboratory of Benthic Fisheries Aquaculture and Enhancement, Marine Science Research Institute of Shandong Province (National Oceanographic Center, Qingdao), Qingdao, 266104, China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Disease Control in Mariculture, Key Laboratory of Benthic Fisheries Aquaculture and Enhancement, Marine Science Research Institute of Shandong Province (National Oceanographic Center, Qingdao), Qingdao, 266104, China
| | - Jing Diao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Disease Control in Mariculture, Key Laboratory of Benthic Fisheries Aquaculture and Enhancement, Marine Science Research Institute of Shandong Province (National Oceanographic Center, Qingdao), Qingdao, 266104, China
| | - Yijing Zhu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Disease Control in Mariculture, Key Laboratory of Benthic Fisheries Aquaculture and Enhancement, Marine Science Research Institute of Shandong Province (National Oceanographic Center, Qingdao), Qingdao, 266104, China
| | - Fengxiang Gao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Disease Control in Mariculture, Key Laboratory of Benthic Fisheries Aquaculture and Enhancement, Marine Science Research Institute of Shandong Province (National Oceanographic Center, Qingdao), Qingdao, 266104, China
| | - Ying Fan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Disease Control in Mariculture, Key Laboratory of Benthic Fisheries Aquaculture and Enhancement, Marine Science Research Institute of Shandong Province (National Oceanographic Center, Qingdao), Qingdao, 266104, China
| | - Yuxia Jian
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Disease Control in Mariculture, Key Laboratory of Benthic Fisheries Aquaculture and Enhancement, Marine Science Research Institute of Shandong Province (National Oceanographic Center, Qingdao), Qingdao, 266104, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Disease Control in Mariculture, Key Laboratory of Benthic Fisheries Aquaculture and Enhancement, Marine Science Research Institute of Shandong Province (National Oceanographic Center, Qingdao), Qingdao, 266104, China
| | - Lei Pan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Disease Control in Mariculture, Key Laboratory of Benthic Fisheries Aquaculture and Enhancement, Marine Science Research Institute of Shandong Province (National Oceanographic Center, Qingdao), Qingdao, 266104, China
| | - Wen Guo
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Disease Control in Mariculture, Key Laboratory of Benthic Fisheries Aquaculture and Enhancement, Marine Science Research Institute of Shandong Province (National Oceanographic Center, Qingdao), Qingdao, 266104, China
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Guo Y, Chen Z, Qin C, Yu G, Zhang J. Habitat Enrichment Causes Changes in Fish Behavioural Characteristics: A Case Study of Sparus latus. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:364. [PMID: 38927244 PMCID: PMC11200701 DOI: 10.3390/biology13060364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 05/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
To better understand the habitat preferences and behavioural ecology of Sparus latus, we performed an experiment using box-shaped reefs as habitat enrichment materials, allowing us to determine the behavioural strategies and drivers involved in the response to different enrichment structures. The results showed that the first contact time of S. latus was negatively correlated (Pearson's correlation, p < 0.005) with the distribution rate in the artificial reef area. Enrichment structures affected the habitat preferences of S. latus, and there was a significant difference in the average distribution rate between the control and treatment groups (Adonis, p < 0.001). The opening ratio (Adonis, R2 = 0.36) explained the distribution difference of S. latus better than the opening shape (Adonis, R2 = 0.12). In the absence of an enrichment structure, S. latus remained more active during the daytime, exhibiting poor clustering, while in the presence of an enrichment structure, S. latus exhibited clustered movement at night. The opening ratio was negatively correlated with the average interindividual distance (Spearman's correlation, p < 0.01) and showed a significant positive correlation with the average distribution rate in the reef area (Spearman's correlation, p < 0.001), indicating that the reef opening ratio significantly affected the reef-tropism and clustering behaviours of S. latus. The light intensity was negatively correlated with the average distance moved, and the average speed (Spearman's correlation, p < 0.05) was significantly positively correlated with the reef first contact time (Spearman's correlation, p < 0.001), indicating that the light intensity affected the exploration and activity patterns of S. latus. These results provide a research basis for analysing the pattern and process of fish proliferation induced by artificial reef habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Guo
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Marine Ranching, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510300, China; (Y.G.); (Z.C.); (G.Y.); (J.Z.)
- National Agricultural Experimental Station for Fishery Resources and Environment Dapeng, Shenzhen 518121, China
- Hainan Seed Industry Laboratory, Sanya 572025, China
| | - Zhanlong Chen
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Marine Ranching, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510300, China; (Y.G.); (Z.C.); (G.Y.); (J.Z.)
| | - Chuanxin Qin
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Marine Ranching, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510300, China; (Y.G.); (Z.C.); (G.Y.); (J.Z.)
- National Agricultural Experimental Station for Fishery Resources and Environment Dapeng, Shenzhen 518121, China
| | - Gang Yu
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Marine Ranching, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510300, China; (Y.G.); (Z.C.); (G.Y.); (J.Z.)
- National Agricultural Experimental Station for Fishery Resources and Environment Dapeng, Shenzhen 518121, China
| | - Jia Zhang
- South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Marine Ranching, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Guangzhou 510300, China; (Y.G.); (Z.C.); (G.Y.); (J.Z.)
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Zhu B, Gao T, He Y, Qu Y, Zhang X. Population Genomics of Commercial Fish Sebastes schlegelii of the Bohai and Yellow Seas (China) Using a Large SNP Panel from GBS. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:534. [PMID: 38790163 PMCID: PMC11121270 DOI: 10.3390/genes15050534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Sebastes schlegelii is one of the most commercially important marine fish in the northwestern Pacific. However, little information about the genome-wide genetic characteristics is available for S. schlegelii individuals from the Bohai and Yellow Seas. In this study, a total of 157,778, 174,480, and 188,756 single-nucleotide polymorphisms from Dalian (DL), Yantai (YT), and Qingdao (QD) coastal waters of China were, respectively, identified. Sixty samples (twenty samples per population) were clustered together, indicating shallow structures and close relationships with each other. The observed heterozygosity, expected heterozygosity, polymorphism information content, and nucleotide diversity ranged from 0.14316 to 0.17684, from 0.14035 to 0.17145, from 0.20672 to 0.24678, and from 7.63 × 10-6 to 8.77 × 10-6, respectively, indicating the slight difference in genetic diversity among S. schlegelii populations, and their general genetic diversity was lower compared to other marine fishes. The population divergence showed relatively low levels (from 0.01356 to 0.01678) between S. schlegelii populations. Dispersing along drifting seaweeds, as well as the ocean current that flows along the western and northern coasts of the Yellow Sea and southward along the eastern coast of China might be the major reasons for the weak genetic differentiation. These results form the basis of the population genetic characteristics of S. schlegelii based on GBS (Genotyping by Sequencing). In addition to basic population genetic information, our results provid a theoretical basis for further studies aimed at protecting and utilizing S. schlegelii resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beiyan Zhu
- Fishery College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; (B.Z.); (T.G.); (X.Z.)
| | - Tianxiang Gao
- Fishery College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; (B.Z.); (T.G.); (X.Z.)
| | - Yan He
- MOE Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;
| | - Yinquan Qu
- Fishery College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; (B.Z.); (T.G.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiumei Zhang
- Fishery College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China; (B.Z.); (T.G.); (X.Z.)
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Song M, Wang J, Wang Y, Hu R, Wang L, Guo Z, Jiang Z, Liang Z. Response mechanism of meiofaunal communities to multi-type of artificial reef habitats from the perspective of high-throughput sequencing technology. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 863:160927. [PMID: 36543272 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Multiple types of artificial reefs have been widely deployed in the coast of northern Yellow Sea, which can enhance fishery resources, restore coastal habitats and improve the marine environment. Meiofauna plays important ecological roles in marine ecosystem, but the response mechanism of meiofaunal community to different types of artificial reef is still poorly understood. In this study, we characterized the meiofaunal communities of concrete artificial reef habitat (CAR), rocky artificial reef habitat (RAR), ship artificial reef habitat (SAR) and adjacent natural habitat (NH) using 18S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing technology, and explored the relationship of community-environment. The results showed that the diversity and community structure of meiofauna differed significantly on both spatial and temporal scales. Spatial differences were mainly contributed to the flow field effects and biological effects generated by artificial habitats, while temporal differences were driven by temperature (T) and dissolved oxygen (DO). The dominant taxa of meiofauna included arthropods, annelids, platyhelminths and nematodes. Platyhelminths were mainly positively influenced by artificial habitats but annelids were the opposite. Co-occurrence network analysis revealed that NH was more sensitive to environmental change than artificial habitat, while the performance of CAR and SAR were more stable. These results indicated that meiofauna can respond accordingly to different types of artificial habitats, and could be superimposed over the normal seasonal effects. The current study could provide fundamental data for understanding the response mechanism of meiofaunal community to different types of artificial habitats and a reference for assessments of the impact of artificial reefs on the marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minpeng Song
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Marine Ranching Technology of Weihai, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Jiahao Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Marine Ranching Technology of Weihai, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Marine Ranching Technology of Weihai, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Renge Hu
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Marine Ranching Technology of Weihai, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Marine Ranching Technology of Weihai, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Zhansheng Guo
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Marine Ranching Technology of Weihai, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Zhaoyang Jiang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Marine Ranching Technology of Weihai, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China.
| | - Zhenlin Liang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China; Key Laboratory of Modern Marine Ranching Technology of Weihai, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China.
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Song M, Wang J, Nie Z, Wang L, Wang J, Zhang J, Wang Y, Guo Z, Jiang Z, Liang Z. Evaluation of artificial reef habitats as reconstruction or enhancement tools of benthic fish communities in northern Yellow Sea. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 182:113968. [PMID: 35907361 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Artificial reefs have been widely deployed in the northern Yellow Sea. However, the differences in the ecological benefits on different types of artificial reef habitats are still poorly understood. In this study, the temporal and spatial differences on benthic fish communities were evaluated among concrete artificial reef habitat (CAR), rocky artificial reef habitat (RAR), ship artificial reef habitat (SAR) around Xiaoshi Island in northern Yellow Sea. The results indicated that all three types of artificial reef habitats can enhance the diversity variables of benthic fish communities, and fish abundance, species richness and Shannon-Wiener index of CAR were generally better than the other two. CAR and RAR hosted similar community composition of benthic fish, and all types of habitats showed significant differences in community composition between winter-spring and summer-autumn. Environmental factors, especially water temperature, can also affect the community composition by affecting the migration of temperature-preferred species. Overall, the enhancement effects of artificial habitats on fisheries productivity varied with fish species and reef types. This study will help to understand the ecological effects of different types of artificial reefs in northern Yellow Sea, and then could give an insight for scientific construction of artificial reefs in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minpeng Song
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Jiahao Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Zhaoyi Nie
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Jinxiao Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Jiating Zhang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Yuxin Wang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Zhansheng Guo
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China
| | - Zhaoyang Jiang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China.
| | - Zhenlin Liang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, Shandong 264209, China.
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Comparison of Marine Ecosystems of Haizhou Bay and Lvsi Fishing Ground in China Based on the Ecopath Model. WATER 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/w14091397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Recently, under the impacts of environmental shifts and human activities, marine ecosystem conservation and recovery have become increasingly important for the management and sustainable development of fishery resources. We construct two Ecopath models to describe and compare the similarities and differences in the structure and function of the ecosystems in Haizhou Bay (HZB) for 2020–2021 and Lvsi Fishing Ground (LSFG) for 2018–2019 in this study. Our results highlight the similarities of the two ecosystems in which plankton (e.g., zooplankton and phytoplankton) are important functional groups with bottom-up effect control and congers control the top-down effect. The differences between the two ecosystems indicate that the HZB ecosystem is relatively mature due to higher Finn’s cycling index (FCI), Finn’s mean path length (FMPL), Connectance Index (CI), System Omnivory Index (SOI), and Ascendency/capacity (A/C). However the food web structure in the LSFG is more diverse and stable with higher Overhead/capacity (O/C) and Overhead/capacity (H). The differences are possibly due to the low trophic level (TL) species composition in the two ecosystems. Therefore, we suggest that stock enhancement and release methods should be deployed to release high TL species into designated water areas to increase food web complexity and ecosystem maturity in HZB and LSFG. This study will help inform ecosystem and fishery regulations in different ways and facilitate discussion towards the establishment of strategic conservation planning and adaptive management.
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