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Jia D, Chen T, Li L, Liu J, Chen Z, Lin S, Ke G, Evrendilek F, Xie W, Huang W, Yang C. Synergistic atmospheric influence on the co-pyrolysis of antibiotic sludge and waste bicycle tires: Optimal drivers, products, and pathways. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2025; 484:136699. [PMID: 39637821 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.136699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2024] [Revised: 11/13/2024] [Accepted: 11/26/2024] [Indexed: 12/07/2024]
Abstract
Effective management of antibiotic sludge (AS) is essential for disease prevention. This study investigated the co-pyrolysis of AS with polyurethane (PU) and rubber tires (RT), focusing on its key drivers, synergies, resulting products, and atmospheric (N2 versus CO2) dependency. Composite pyrolysis index indicated superior co-pyrolysis properties of AS with PU or RT in the CO2 atmosphere compared with those in the N2 atmosphere. The strongest synergistic effect occurred at an optimal ratio of 75 % AS to 25 % PU (AP31) or 25 % RT (AR31), regardless of the atmosphere. Real-time gas analysis revealed greater product diversity in N2 than in CO2, with AS-derived products predominating. The co-pyrolysis altered AS nitrogen groups, promoting pyrrolic-N and pyridinic-N formation, and accelerated organic sulfur decomposition. Experimental results combined with univariate and multivariate joint optimizations identified the co-pyrolysis pathways of AP31 (650 - 800 °C) and AR31 (600 - 800 °C), respectively, in the CO2 atmosphere as synergistically optimal for maximizing resource recovery while minimizing waste and pollutant generation. This study provides actionable insights into the synergistic co-pyrolysis of AS with PU or RT, facilitating optimized gas emissions, energy recovery, and resource reuse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dajie Jia
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tao Chen
- SCNU Environmental Research Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Liangzhon Li
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Jingyong Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Zhibin Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Sen Lin
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guopeng Ke
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fatih Evrendilek
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, the University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, United States
| | - Wuming Xie
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wenxiao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Radioactive and Rare Scattered Minerals, Ministry of Natural Resources, Shaoguan 510080, China
| | - Chenyu Yang
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510630, China
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Li Y, Fu C, Xia Y, Wu Y, Hu K, Shen J, Zhu Y, Peng H, Wang D, Yan J. Effect of polyethylene terephthalate plastics on nitrogen, sulphur and chlorine contaminants via sludge pyrolysis and Pb/Cu adsorption properties of biochar. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2025; 46:895-907. [PMID: 38955513 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2024.2371079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Pyrolysis is an effective process for disposing of municipal sewage sludge (SS). Plastics can affect the SS pyrolysis behaviour and pyrolysis products due to their low ash and high hydrocarbon ratio. The secondary pollutants from the pyrolysis process may also be affected. Therefore, polyethylene terephthalate (PET), a typical plastic, was chosen to investigate the release characteristics of pollutants containing nitrogen, sulphur, and chlorine via SS pyrolysis, and the changes of biochar to adsorb two typical heavy metals, Pb and Cu. The pyrolysis of PET plastics facilitates the migration of N toward solid and liquid-phase products, S and Cl to the gas-phase products via pyrolysis. Oxygenated compounds of pyrolytic volatiles decreased from 38.18% to 28.43%, concurrently promoting the formation of phenolic compounds. The co-pyrolysis improved the quality of biochar and the ability to adsorb Pb and Cu. This systematic study can provide some support for the further improvement of SS pyrolysis technology, and will also be beneficial for subsequent applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yurong Li
- Key Laboratory of Water Environment Evolution and Pollution Control in Three Gorges Reservoir (Chongqing Three Gorges University), Wan Zhou, People's Republic of China
- College of Biological and Food Engineering, Chongqing Three Gorges University, Wan Zhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuan Fu
- Key Laboratory of Water Environment Evolution and Pollution Control in Three Gorges Reservoir (Chongqing Three Gorges University), Wan Zhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaping Xia
- Key Laboratory of Water Environment Evolution and Pollution Control in Three Gorges Reservoir (Chongqing Three Gorges University), Wan Zhou, People's Republic of China
- Hunan ARSC Environmental Technology Co., Ltd., Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Water Environment Evolution and Pollution Control in Three Gorges Reservoir (Chongqing Three Gorges University), Wan Zhou, People's Republic of China
- Chongqing GreenKarbon Environmental Protection Technology Co., Ltd., Chongqing, People's Republic of China
| | - Kewei Hu
- Hunan ARSC Environmental Technology Co., Ltd., Changsha, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia Shen
- Key Laboratory of Water Environment Evolution and Pollution Control in Three Gorges Reservoir (Chongqing Three Gorges University), Wan Zhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Water Environment Evolution and Pollution Control in Three Gorges Reservoir (Chongqing Three Gorges University), Wan Zhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hanyu Peng
- Key Laboratory of Water Environment Evolution and Pollution Control in Three Gorges Reservoir (Chongqing Three Gorges University), Wan Zhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Dan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Water Environment Evolution and Pollution Control in Three Gorges Reservoir (Chongqing Three Gorges University), Wan Zhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingsong Yan
- Key Laboratory of Water Environment Evolution and Pollution Control in Three Gorges Reservoir (Chongqing Three Gorges University), Wan Zhou, People's Republic of China
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3
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Babayiğit E, Alper D, Çokgör E, Okutan HC, Sarıoğlan A. High temperature pyrolysis of sewage sludge: Synergistic effects of co-pyrolysis with rice straw and composite plastics wastes. Heliyon 2024; 10:e39737. [PMID: 39524895 PMCID: PMC11543887 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 10/16/2024] [Accepted: 10/22/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The synergistic effect of co-pyrolysis for the mixtures of sewage sludge (SS), rice straw (RS) and composite plastic wastes (PE&PP) has been investigated with the aim of high gas yields and hydrogen generation. In this context, the applicability of high temperature pyrolysis technology was evaluated at both rotary type batch reactor and rotating screw type continuous reactor operating under the industrially relevant conditions. Gas yields have been improved at increasing the operating temperatures up to 850 °C. The gas yield of 75.06 % with its H2 portion of 32.35 % has been achieved as the best results for continuous pyrolysis unit at pilot scale. Secondary reactions such as steam de-alkylation, steam cracking, water gas shift and so on were regarded as being responsible for the high gas yields when the primary products of pyrolysis, i.e. condensable vapors, were much exposed to the hot zones inside the reactor. The dehydration of organic components involving the loss of water may supply steam to create a reactive pyrolysis atmosphere. While the pyrolysis of sewage sludge and rice straw favors CO and CO2 formation due to the high oxygen contents of these feedstocks, more methane and light olefins were produced when the plastics were added to the feedstock blends. This was ascribed to the initially generated radicals from the decomposition of sewage sludge and/or rice straw that might promote the scission reactions of plastics towards volatiles. It was shown that high temperature pyrolysis can be applied to a variety of organic wastes such as rice straw, sewage sludge and waste plastics. Conversion of wastes to hydrogen fosters the circular economy by putting the disposal costs down and creates a new route on renewable hydrogen generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Babayiğit
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
- Synthetic Fuels and Chemicals Technology Center, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Dilek Alper
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
- Synthetic Fuels and Chemicals Technology Center, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emine Çokgör
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Hasan Can Okutan
- Synthetic Fuels and Chemicals Technology Center, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Alper Sarıoğlan
- Synthetic Fuels and Chemicals Technology Center, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Istanbul Technical University, 34469, Istanbul, Turkey
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4
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Cui X, Ning X, Zhang J, Zhang D, Qiu G, Wang Y. Insights into sulfur migration and transformation during the magnetization roasting of iron tailings and textile dyeing sludge. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 191:81-88. [PMID: 39520847 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2024.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2024] [Revised: 10/16/2024] [Accepted: 11/03/2024] [Indexed: 11/16/2024]
Abstract
Magnetization roasting of iron tailings (IT) is an effective method to recovery fine iron concentrate (IC) from refractory IT. However, the migration and transformation of sulfur during the roasting process remain unclear, impacting iron quality if sulfur content exceeds the allowable limit value. This study investigates the sulfur release and fixation during magnetization roasting of textile dyeing sludge (TDS) and IT, elucidating the sulfur migration and transformation processes. Results indicate that 31.7 % of sulfur migrates to the gas phase due to the thermal decomposition of organic-S and the reduction of high-valent sulfur to SO2 by H2 and CO. The total sulfur (TS) content in tailing slag (TSL) (1.96 %) is significantly higher than that in the roasted product (RP) (0.84 %), suggesting a tendency for sulfur migration into TSL. This migration is attributed to reactions between H2S/COS and Fe2O3/Fe3O4, resulting in the formation of non-magnetic byproduct FeS. Additionally, due to the symbiosis of hematite and sulfate, sulfur in the IC primarily exists as sulfate sulfur (76.98 %). This research is crucial for quality control in iron ore processing and provides theoretical guidance for sulfur regulation in practical production processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiqing Cui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xunan Ning
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Jianyi Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dingyuan Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Guoqiang Qiu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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5
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Zhao X, Wan C, Pan Y, Fan Y, Liu X. Pyrolysis behavior of sewage sludge coexisted with microplastics: Kinetics, mechanism, and product characteristics. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 370:123030. [PMID: 39447367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.123030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2024] [Revised: 09/20/2024] [Accepted: 10/20/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics can accumulate in the excess sludge from wastewater treatment plants through domestic wastewater. This study investigated the co-pyrolysis behavior of sewage sludge coexisting with two types of microplastics (polyethylene (PE) and polylactic acid (PLA)) and found a superior comprehensive pyrolysis performance. By calculating the difference between theoretical and experimental weight loss during the pyrolysis process, it was found that the incorporation of microplastics PE and PLA created a synergistic effect at 270°C-450 °C, which was confirmed through the Malek method analysis from a pyrolysis mechanism perspective that it could increase the random nuclei on each particle, that is, enhance the heterogeneous diffusion of volatiles. The average activation energy was reduced by 84.99 kJ/mol, as determined using three isoconversional methods: Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO), Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), and Starink. Regarding the products, the aforementioned synergistic effect led to a reduction in char retention and larger specific surface area of the biochar, while the quantities of gaseous products and bio-oil escalated. Through a thermogravimetric analyzer and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (TG-FTIR), an increase in aromatic hydrocarbons, alkanes, aldehydes, ethers, and esters in the gaseous products were detected. Pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) revealed an increase in hydrocarbons, esters, and alcohols in the bio-oil, and acids and aldehydes decreased, overall enhancing the quality of the bio-oil. This study elucidated that pyrolysis completely transformed microplastics in sludge, thus eliminating environmental risks and provided a theoretical reference for understanding the pyrolysis behavior of sludge containing microplastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Zhao
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Chunli Wan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Yating Pan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yu Fan
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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6
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Li G, Wang Z, Zuo L, Zhang T, Xiao W, Yang T, Tursunov O, Zhao N, Zhou Y. Regulating phenol tar in pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass: Product characteristics and conversion mechanisms. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 409:131259. [PMID: 39137860 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.131259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 08/01/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
The utilization of biomass pyrolysis is a crucial approach for sustainable development. This study used the typical biomass of pine (PI), rice husk (RH), and corn straw (ST) as feedstocks to evaluate the pyrolysis mechanisms, features and conversion mechanisms of the phenol tar product. The phenolic gaseous products were more trailing in ST, which mostly concentrated around 320-500 °C. Primary phenol tar is produced from lignin through the homolytic cleavage of β-O and α-O, and C-C bond breakage, primarily occurring before 550 °C. As the degree of aromatization increases, the oxygenates progressively deoxygenate, and the primary tar demethoxylates to form secondary tar as the temperature increases. The pyrolysis of cellulose produces H radicals, which aid the transformation of lignin into phenol tar. This study can provide a theoretical basis for biomass pyrolysis to select the appropriate process parameters to improve the quality of bio-oil and regulate phenol tar products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- School of Computing and Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Haidian District, Beijing 10048, PR China
| | - Zihan Wang
- School of Computing and Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Haidian District, Beijing 10048, PR China
| | - Longling Zuo
- School of Computing and Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Haidian District, Beijing 10048, PR China
| | - Tong Zhang
- School of Computing and Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Haidian District, Beijing 10048, PR China
| | - Wenbo Xiao
- School of Computing and Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Haidian District, Beijing 10048, PR China
| | - Tenglun Yang
- School of Computing and Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Haidian District, Beijing 10048, PR China
| | - Obid Tursunov
- Bioenergy and Environment Science & Technology Laboratory, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100107, PR China; Department of Power Supply and Renewable Energy Sources, National Research University TIIAME, 39 Kari Niyazov, 100000 Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Nan Zhao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, He'nan Province, 450001, PR China.
| | - Yuguang Zhou
- Bioenergy and Environment Science & Technology Laboratory, College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100107, PR China; Department of Power Supply and Renewable Energy Sources, National Research University TIIAME, 39 Kari Niyazov, 100000 Tashkent, Uzbekistan
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7
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Zhang G, Chen Z, Chen T, Jiang S, Evrendilek F, Huang S, Tang X, Ding Z, He Y, Xie W, Liu J. Energetic, bio-oil, biochar, and ash performances of co-pyrolysis-gasification of textile dyeing sludge and Chinese medicine residues in response to K 2CO 3, atmosphere type, blend ratio, and temperature. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 136:133-150. [PMID: 37923425 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Hazardous waste stream needs to be managed so as not to exceed stock- and rate-limited properties of its recipient ecosystems. The co-pyrolysis of Chinese medicine residue (CMR) and textile dyeing sludge (TDS) and its bio-oil, biochar, and ash quality and quantity were characterized as a function of the immersion of K2CO3, atmosphere type, blend ratio, and temperature. Compared to the mono-pyrolysis of TDS, its co-pyrolysis performance with CMR (the comprehensive performance index (CPI)) significantly improved by 33.9% in the N2 atmosphere and 33.2% in the CO2 atmosphere. The impregnation catalyzed the co-pyrolysis at 370°C, reduced its activation energy by 77.3 kJ/mol in the N2 atmosphere and 134.6 kJ/mol in the CO2 atmosphere, and enriched the degree of coke gasification by 44.25% in the CO2 atmosphere. The impregnation increased the decomposition rate of the co-pyrolysis by weakening the bond energy of fatty side chains and bridge bonds, its catalytic and secondary products, and its bio-oil yield by 66.19%. Its bio-oils mainly contained olefins, aromatic structural substances, and alcohols. The immersion of K2CO3 improved the aromaticity of the co-pyrolytic biochars and reduced the contact between K and Si which made it convenient for Mg to react with SiO2 to form magnesium-silicate. The co-pyrolytic biochar surfaces mainly included -OH, -CH2, C=C, and Si-O-Si. The main phases in the co-pyrolytic ash included Ca5(PO4)3(OH), Al2O3, and magnesium-silicate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of None-food Biomass Efficient Pyrolysis and Utilization Technology of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Zhiyun Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tao Chen
- School of Environment, The Environmental Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Shaojun Jiang
- School of Environment, The Environmental Research Institute, MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fatih Evrendilek
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu 14052, Turkey
| | - Shengzheng Huang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Xiaojie Tang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Ziyi Ding
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yao He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wuming Xie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jingyong Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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8
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Ding Z, Li W, Chen Z, Wang L, Huang S, Evrendilek F, Yang C, Cai H, Zhong S, Yang Z, Liu J. Microplastics as emerging contaminants in textile dyeing sludge: Their impacts on co-combustion/pyrolysis products, residual metals, and temperature dependency of emissions. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2024; 466:133465. [PMID: 38246059 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
As emerging contaminants in textile dyeing sludge (TDS), the presence and types of microplastics (MPs) inevitably influence the combustion and pyrolysis of TDS. Their effects on the co-combustion/pyrolysis emissions and residual metals of TDS remain poorly understood. This study aimed to quantify the impacts of polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) on the transports and transformations of gaseous emissions and residual metals generated during the TDS combustion and pyrolysis in the air, oxy-fuel, and nitrogen atmospheres. Thermal degradation of the MPs in TDS occurred between 242-600 °C. MPs decomposed and interacted with the organic components of TDS to the extent that they increased the release of VOCs, dominated by oxygenated VOCs and hydrocarbons under the incineration and pyrolysis conditions, respectively. The presence of PE exerted a limited impact on the concentration and chemical form of metals, while PP reduced the residual amount of most metals due to the decomposition of mineral additives. Also, PP (with CaCO3 filler) reduced the acid-extractable content of cadmium, copper, and manganese in the bottom slag or coke but increased that of chromium. This study provides actionable insights into optimizing gas emissions, energy recovery, and ash reuse, thus reinforcing the pollution control strategies for both the MPs and TDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Ding
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Weijie Li
- The Key Laboratory of Water and Air Pollution Control of Guangdong Province, State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Water Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou 510535, China.
| | - Zhibin Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Li Wang
- China Construction Fourth Engineering Division Corp, Ltd, China
| | - Shenzheng Huang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fatih Evrendilek
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, United States
| | - Chunxiao Yang
- School of Guangdong University of Technology, Analysis and Test Center 51006, China
| | - Haiming Cai
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Sheng Zhong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zuoyi Yang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jingyong Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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9
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Li G, Yang T, Xiao W, Yao X, Su M, Pan M, Wang X, Lyu T. Enhanced biofuel production by co-pyrolysis of distiller's grains and waste plastics: A quantitative appraisal of kinetic behaviors and product characteristics. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 342:140137. [PMID: 37730021 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Pyrolysis of biomass feedstocks can produce valuable biofuel, however, the final products may present excessive corrosion and poor stability due to the lack of hydrogen content. Co-pyrolysis with hydrogen-rich substances such as waste plastics may compensate for these shortcomings. In this study, the co-pyrolysis of a common biomass, i.e. distiller's grains (DG), and waste polypropylene plastic (PP) were investigated towards increasing the quantity and quality of the production of biofuel. Results from the thermogravimetric analyses showed that the reaction interval of individual pyrolysis of DG and PP was 124-471 °C and 260-461 °C, respectively. Conversely, an interaction effect between DG and PP was observed during co-pyrolysis, resulting in a slower rate of weight loss, a longer temperature range for the pyrolysis reaction, and an increase in the temperature difference between the evolution of products. Likewise, the Coats-Redfern model showed that the activation energies of DG, PP and an equal mixture of both were 42.90, 130.27 and 47.74 kJ mol-1, respectively. It thus follows that co-pyrolysis of DG and PP can effectively reduce the activation energy of the reaction system and promote the degree of pyrolysis. Synergistic effects essentially promoted the free radical reaction of the PP during co-pyrolysis, thereby reducing the activation energy of the process. Moreover, due to this synergistic effect in the co-pyrolysis of DG and PP, the ratio of elements was effectively optimized, especially the content of oxygen-containing species was reduced, and the hydrocarbon content of products was increased. These results will not only advance our understanding of the characteristics of co-pyrolysis of DG and PP, but will also support further research toward improving an efficient co-pyrolysis reactor system and the pyrolysis process itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Li
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Haidian District, Beijing, 10048, China
| | - Tenglun Yang
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Haidian District, Beijing, 10048, China
| | - Wenbo Xiao
- School of Artificial Intelligence, Beijing Technology and Business University, Haidian District, Beijing, 10048, China
| | - Xiaolong Yao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Beijing Technology and Business University, Haidian District, Beijing, 10048, China
| | - Meng Su
- School of Economics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fangshan District, Beijing, 10048, China
| | - Minmin Pan
- Department for Solar Materials, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research GmbH-UFZ, Permoserstraße 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Xiqing Wang
- College of Food Science Technology and Chemical Engineering, Hubei University of Arts and Science, Xiangyang, Hubei, 441053, China.
| | - Tao Lyu
- School of Water, Energy and Environment, Cranfield University, College Road, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, MK43 0AL, United Kingdom.
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10
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Xiong Q, Li Y, Hou C, Yang J, Zhou X, Ma X, Zuo X, Wu X. How microplastics affect sludge pyrolysis behavior: Thermogravimetry-mass spectrum analysis and biochar characteristics. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 172:108-116. [PMID: 39491306 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/05/2024]
Abstract
The concentration of microplastics (MPs) in sewage sludge (SS) ranged from 1600 to 56400 particles per kilogram of dried SS (MPs: dried SS = 0.14-5.09), so its effect on SS pyrolysis performance should not be negligible. This study attempted to investigate the effect of typical MPs, including polypropylene (PP), polyethylene (PE), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), on the pyrolysis performance (pyrolysis characteristics and major gaseous product evolution) of SS and their biochar characteristics via thermogravimetry-mass spectrometry (TG-MS) and physicochemical property analysis of biochar. The results showed that the PVC MPs enhanced the pyrolysis of SS, while the PP and PE MPs had an inhibitory effect. The total amounts of gas products tended to decrease with all MPs addition. However, the proportions of combustible components (H2, CH4, and C2H2) increased. Among the biochar products, the presence of PVC MPs during the pyrolysis of SS resulted in a more porous, stable and aromatic biochar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Xiong
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, Hubei 435002, China; Huangshi Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Soil Pollution (Hubei Normal University), Huangshi, Hubei 435002, China
| | - Yinqiu Li
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, Hubei 435002, China; Huangshi Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Soil Pollution (Hubei Normal University), Huangshi, Hubei 435002, China
| | - Chaohua Hou
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, Hubei 435002, China
| | - Jie Yang
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, Hubei 435002, China
| | - Xiangjun Zhou
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, Hubei 435002, China
| | - Xiao Ma
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, Hubei 435002, China
| | - Xiangru Zuo
- College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Hubei Normal University, Huangshi, Hubei 435002, China
| | - Xiang Wu
- School of Resources and Environmental Science, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China.
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11
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Li D, Shan R, Gu J, Zhang Y, Zeng X, Lin L, Yuan H, Chen Y. Co-pyrolysis of textile dyeing sludge/litchi shell and CaO: Immobilization of heavy metals and the analysis of the mechanism. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 171:382-392. [PMID: 37776809 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
To relieve the secondary contamination of heavy metals (HMs), the synergistic effect of co-pyrolysis of textile dyeing sludge (DS)/litchi shell (LS) and CaO on the migration of HMs was demonstrated in this study. The proportions of Cu, Zn, Cr, Mn, and Ni in the F4 fraction increased to 75%, 55%, 100%, 50%, and 62% at the suitable CaO dosages. When 10% CaO was added, the RI value of DLC-10% was reduced to 7.89, indicating low environmental risk. The characterizations of the physicochemical properties of biochar provided support for the HMs immobilization mechanism. HMs combined with inorganic minerals or functional groups to form new stable HMs crystalline minerals and complexes to achieve immobilization of HMs. The pH value and pore structure also play an important role in improving the immobilization performance of HMs. In conclusion, the results provided a new direction for the subsequent harmless treatment of HMs-enriched waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Li
- College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China; Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Rui Shan
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Jing Gu
- Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, PR China
| | - Yuyuan Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Hydrogen Energy, Foshan University, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, PR China
| | - Xianhai Zeng
- College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China; Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Clean and High-valued Technologies for Biomass, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of High-valued Utilization of Biomass, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Lu Lin
- College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China; Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Clean and High-valued Technologies for Biomass, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of High-valued Utilization of Biomass, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China
| | - Haoran Yuan
- College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China; Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Clean and High-valued Technologies for Biomass, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of High-valued Utilization of Biomass, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China.
| | - Yong Chen
- College of Energy, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China; Guangzhou Institute of Energy Conversion, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; CAS Key Laboratory of Renewable Energy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New and Renewable Energy Research and Development, Guangzhou 510640, PR China; Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Clean and High-valued Technologies for Biomass, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China; Xiamen Key Laboratory of High-valued Utilization of Biomass, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, PR China
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12
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Sahoo S, Rathod W, Vardikar H, Biswal M, Mohanty S, Nayak SK. Biomedical waste plastic: bacteria, disinfection and recycling technologies-a comprehensive review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY : IJEST 2023; 21:1-18. [PMID: 37360566 PMCID: PMC10189688 DOI: 10.1007/s13762-023-04975-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Plastic recycling reduces the wastage of potentially useful materials as well as the consumption of virgin materials, thereby lowering the energy consumption, air pollution by incineration, soil and water pollution by landfilling. Plastics used in the biomedical sector have played a significant role. Reducing the transmission of the virus while protecting the human life in particular the frontline workers. Enormous volumes of plastics in biomedical waste have been observed during the outbreak of the pandemic COVID-19. This has resulted from the extensive use of personal protective equipment such as masks, gloves, face shields, bottles, sanitizers, gowns, and other medical plastics which has created challenges to the existing waste management system in the developing countries. The current review focuses on the biomedical waste and its classification, disinfection, and recycling technology of different types of plastics waste generated in the sector and their corresponding approaches toward end-of-life option and value addition. This review provides a broader overview of the process to reduce the volume of plastics from biomedical waste directly entering the landfill while providing a knowledge step toward the conversion of "waste" to "wealth." An average of 25% of the recyclable plastics are present in biomedical waste. All the processes discussed in this article accounts for cleaner techniques and a sustainable approach to the treatment of biomedical waste. Graphical abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Sahoo
- Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials, Central Institute of Petrochemical Engineering and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024 India
- Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, Odisha 753003 India
| | - W. Rathod
- Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials, Central Institute of Petrochemical Engineering and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024 India
| | - H. Vardikar
- Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials, Central Institute of Petrochemical Engineering and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024 India
| | - M. Biswal
- Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials, Central Institute of Petrochemical Engineering and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024 India
| | - S. Mohanty
- Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials, Central Institute of Petrochemical Engineering and Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751024 India
| | - S. K. Nayak
- Ravenshaw University, Cuttack, Odisha 753003 India
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13
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Ling CCY, Li SFY. Synergistic interactions between sewage sludge, polypropylene, and high-density polyethylene during co-pyrolysis: An investigation based on iso-conversional model-free methods and master plot analysis. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2023; 455:131600. [PMID: 37182467 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Sewage sludge (SS) is a hazardous by-product of wastewater treatment processes that requires careful management for minimal environmental impacts and effective resource recovery. Through thermochemical processes such as pyrolysis, clean energy is recovered from SS in the form of bio-oil, biogas, and biochar. To improve the yield and quality of products, the co-pyrolysis of more than two materials is increasingly gaining interest. Here, the thermal behaviour, kinetics, and synergistic interactions during the co-pyrolysis of SS with polypropylene (PP) and high-density polyethylene (HDPE) were comparatively evaluated with thermogravimetric analysis at different mixing ratios and heat rates. Activation energies and reaction mechanisms were determined through iso-conversional model-free methods and master plot analysis. Evolved gases were monitored with thermogravimetric-mass spectrometry. Increased volatile conversion and degradation rates, and reduced activation energies during co-pyrolysis were mediated by synergistic interactions between H-radicals of PP/HDPE and oxygenated intermediates of SS. Contrary to the pyrolysis of SS, PP and HDPE, the co-pyrolysis processes are predominantly diffusion-controlled. Insights into the co-pyrolysis processes of SS/PP and SS/HDPE gained from this work provide the theoretical support for subsequent investigation, facilitate design of waste-to-energy reactor, and aid the adoption of the technology to harness the bioenergy potential of the feedstocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crystal Chia Yin Ling
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Sam Fong Yau Li
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543, Singapore.
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14
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Faisal F, Rasul MG, Jahirul MI, Schaller D. Pyrolytic conversion of waste plastics to energy products: A review on yields, properties, and production costs. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 861:160721. [PMID: 36496020 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, about 370 million tonnes of waste plastic are generated annually with about 9 % recycled, 80 % landfilled and 11 % converted to energy. As recycling of waste plastics are quite expensive and labour-intensive, the focus has now been shifted towards converting waste plastics into energy products. Pyrolysis of waste plastic generates liquid oil (crude), gas, char and wax among which liquid oil is the most valuable product. In this review, emphasis has been given on the pyrolysis products yield from both thermal and catalytic pyrolysis and the factors that affect pyrolysis products yield. The use of homogenous catalysts, for example AlCl3, can significantly improve the quality of waste plastic pyrolytic oil (WPPO), reduce time and energy consumption of the process, and help remove the contaminants of waste plastic. This study also thoroughly reviewed physico-chemical properties of WPPO to understand their thermal stability, elemental composition, and functional groups. Although liquid oil exhibits comparable heating value with commercial fuel (diesel/petrol), for example higher heating value of Polypropylene (PP) and Polyethylene (PE) are 50 and 42 MJ/kg which is between 42 and 46 MJ/kg for commercial diesel the other properties depend on several parameters such as plastic and pyrolysis reactor types, temperature, feed size, reaction time, heating rate and catalysts. A techno-economic analysis indicate that the liquid oil production cost could be about 0.6 USD/l if plant capacity is ≥175,000 million litres/year with a breakeven of 1 year. After-treatment of WPPO through distillation and hydrotreatment is recommended for improving the physio-chemical properties comparable to commercial fuel to use in automobile applications. This paper will be a valuable guide for stakeholders, and decision and policy makers for proper utilization of waste plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Faisal
- Fuel and Energy Research Group, School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland 4702, Australia
| | - M G Rasul
- Fuel and Energy Research Group, School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland 4702, Australia.
| | - M I Jahirul
- Fuel and Energy Research Group, School of Engineering and Technology, Central Queensland University, Rockhampton, Queensland 4702, Australia
| | - D Schaller
- Northern Oil Refineries Pty Ltd, 39 Guerassimoff Rd, Yarwun, Queensland 4694, Australia
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15
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Xu W, Liu J, Ding Z, Fu J, Evrendilek F, Xie W, He Y. Dynamic pyrolytic reaction mechanisms, pathways, and products of medical masks and infusion tubes. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 842:156710. [PMID: 35718187 PMCID: PMC9212457 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Given the COVID-19 epidemic, the quantity of hazardous medical wastes has risen unprecedentedly. This study characterized and verified the pyrolysis mechanisms and volatiles products of medical mask belts (MB), mask faces (MF), and infusion tubes (IT) via thermogravimetric, infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analyses. Iso-conversional methods were employed to estimate activation energy, while the best-fit artificial neural network was adopted for the multi-objective optimization. MB and MF started their thermal weight losses at 375.8 °C and 414.7 °C, respectively, while IT started to degrade at 227.3 °C. The average activation energies were estimated at 171.77, 232.79, 105.14, and 205.76 kJ/mol for MB, MF, and the first and second IT stages, respectively. Nucleation growth for MF and MB and geometrical contraction for IT best described the pyrolysis behaviors. Their main gaseous products were classified, with a further proposal of their initial cracking mechanisms and secondary reaction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijie Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jingyong Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Ziyi Ding
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jiawei Fu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fatih Evrendilek
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, 14052, Turkey
| | - Wuming Xie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yao He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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16
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Methods for Natural and Synthetic Polymers Recovery from Textile Waste. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14193939. [PMID: 36235887 PMCID: PMC9572039 DOI: 10.3390/polym14193939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trends in the textile industry show a continuous increase in the production and sale of textile materials, which in turn generates a huge amount of discarded clothing every year. This has a negative impact on the environment, on one side, by consuming resources—some of them non-renewables (to produce synthetic polymers)—and on the other side, by polluting the environment through the emission of GHGs (greenhouse gases), the generation of microplastics, and the release of toxic chemicals in the environment (dyes, chemical reagents, etc.). When natural polymers (e.g., cellulose, protein fibers) are used for the manufacturing of clothes, the negative impact is transferred to soil pollution (e.g., by using pesticides, fertilizers). In addition, for the manufacture of clothes from natural fibers, large amounts of water are consumed for irrigation. According to the European Environment Agency (EEA), the consumption of clothing is expected to increase by 63%, from 62 million tonnes in 2019 to 102 million tonnes in 2030. The current article aims to review the latest technologies that are suitable for better disposal of large quantities of textile waste.
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17
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Shi X, Li J, Shang L, Wang S, Chen S, Liu J, Mei M, Xue Y, Wang T. Microplastics in dyeing sludge: Whether do they affect sludge incineration? JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 437:129394. [PMID: 35749899 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs), as emerging contaminant detected in dyeing sludge (DS), inevitably affected the subsequent treatment and disposal of DS. However, the effect of MPs on the predominant disposal path (incineration) of DS remains far from explicit. This study used thermogravimetry-mass spectrometry (TG-MS) method to explore the effect of representative MPs, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC), on combustion characteristics, gas evolution and kinetics on DS combustion. Results showed that PET inhibited the whole combustion of DS by physical barrier. Relatively, PVC delayed the combustion of light volatile but promoted heavy volatile and char reaction due to HCl catalyst. Generally, MPs deteriorated the combustibility, burnout performance and combustion stability of DS. MPs aggravated HCl and gaseous N emissions. Noticeably, the interactions between DS and PVC accelerated the emissions of gaseous pollutants, especially under high dose condition. DAEM and FWO models could well describe the combustion kinetic of DS containing MPs. MPs led to an increase in activation energy of DS, namely, it deteriorated the combustion efficiency of DS. The combustion mechanisms could be divided into two stages: (1) diffusion (D3) stage: melted MPs blocked the gas channels, (2) chemical reaction (F3): the residual chars were thermally stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoao Shi
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Jinping Li
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China; Engineering Research Centre for Clean Production of Textile Dyeing and Printing, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Lingna Shang
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Sijia Wang
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Si Chen
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China; Engineering Research Centre for Clean Production of Textile Dyeing and Printing, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Jingxin Liu
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China; Engineering Research Centre for Clean Production of Textile Dyeing and Printing, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Meng Mei
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China; Engineering Research Centre for Clean Production of Textile Dyeing and Printing, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Yongjie Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, 430070 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Teng Wang
- School of Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China; Engineering Research Centre for Clean Production of Textile Dyeing and Printing, Ministry of Education, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China.
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18
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Zhang W, Jia J, Zhang J, Ding Y, Zhang J, Lu K, Mao S. Pyrolysis and combustion characteristics of typical waste thermal insulation materials. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 834:155484. [PMID: 35472362 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Thermal insulation materials are important for building energy conservation, but their wastes have increased sharply. Furthermore, pyrolysis and combustion are increasingly utilized to dispose of solid wastes and convert them into value-added fuels. To better understand the pyrolysis and combustion characteristics of these materials, typical thermal insulation materials (expanded polystyrene (EPS) and extruded polystyrene (XPS)) were investigated by employing thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry as well as cone calorimetry experiments. Pyrolysis behavior, kinetic parameters, pyrolysis index, thermodynamic parameters, endothermic properties and combustion parameters were estimated comprehensively. The results showed that EPS had better pyrolysis properties, while XPS had better combustion characteristics. Activation energies of EPS and XPS were 158.82 kJ/mol and 200.70 kJ/mol, respectively. Additionally, EPS had a higher pyrolysis stability index and comprehensive pyrolysis index, meaning a more intense reaction. Moreover, thermodynamic parameters indicated that the devolatilization products could be obtained easily from the two materials, and EPS and XPS could be converted into fuels. For the combustion, XPS had a smaller fire performance index and a larger fire growth index. These results can guide the reactor design and optimization for better converting polymer wastes into fuels and managing wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Zhang
- Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jia Jia
- Naval Research Institute, Beijing 100161, China
| | - Jiaqing Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory for Electric Fire and Safety Protection, State Grid Anhui Electric Power Research Institute, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Yanming Ding
- Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Juan Zhang
- Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Kaihua Lu
- Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Shaohua Mao
- Faculty of Engineering, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
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19
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Hou X, Deng Y, Dai M, Jiang X, Li S, Fu H, Peng C. Migration and transformation of heavy metals in Chinese medicine residues during the process of traditional pyrolysis and solar pyrolysis. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 293:133658. [PMID: 35051513 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Chinese medicine residues (CMRs) have always been considered difficult to realize resource treatment because of the possible residual heavy metals (HMs). In this study, CMRs containing HMs (Cu, Cd and Pb) were pyrolized in the tube furnace and the solar pyrolysis equipment. The ratio of HMs entering the pyrolysis products (bio-gas, bio-oil and bio-char) and the stability of HMs in biochar were analyzed. A comparative analysis showed that the less volatile HMs were basically concentrated in the biochar after the pyrolysis treatment, indicating that pyrolysis could enrich the HMs in the biochar. The leaching experiments showed that the leaching rates of Cu, Cd and Pb from biochar were 0-0.41%, 0-3.03% and 0.09-0.86% respectively, while the leaching rates of CMR were as high as 18.85, 10.98 and 2.52%, indicating that the pyrolysis process could improve the fixation effect of HMs in biomass to a greater extent and reduce the leaching toxicity of HMs. Compared with the traditional pyrolysis method, the solar pyrolysis had the same effect on the enrichment and stabilization of heavy metals in CMRs, which means that it is possible to realize the resource treatment of CMR through a renewable green energy (solar energy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Hou
- The Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - Yuying Deng
- The Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - Min Dai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Health and Land Resource, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, 526061, China.
| | - Xuexia Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Health and Land Resource, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, 526061, China.
| | - Shuai Li
- The Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - He Fu
- The Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China.
| | - Changsheng Peng
- The Key Lab of Marine Environmental Science and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266100, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Health and Land Resource, Zhaoqing University, Zhaoqing, 526061, China.
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20
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Ding Z, Chen Z, Liu J, Evrendilek F, He Y, Xie W. Co-combustion, life-cycle circularity, and artificial intelligence-based multi-objective optimization of two plastics and textile dyeing sludge. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 426:128069. [PMID: 34959215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.128069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Given the globally abundant availability of waste plastics and the negative environmental impacts of textile dyeing sludge (TDS), their co-combustion can effectively enhance the circular economies, energy recovery, and environmental pollution control. The (co-)combustion performances, gas emissions, and ashes of TDS and two plastics of polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene (PE) were quantified and characterized. The increased blend ratio of PP and PE improved the ignition, burnout, and comprehensive combustion indices. The two plastics interacted with TDS significantly in the range of 200-600 ℃. TDS pre-ignited the combustion of the plastics which in turn promoted the combustion of TDS. The co-combustions released more CO2 but less CH4, C-H, and CO as CO2 was less persistent than the others in the atmosphere. The Ca-based minerals in the plastics enhanced S-fixation and reduced SO2 emission. The activation energy of the co-combustion fell from 126.78 to 111.85 kJ/mol and 133.71-79.91 kJ/mol when the PE and PP additions rose from 10% to 50%, respectively. The co-combustion reaction mechanism was best described by the model of f(α) = (1-α)n. The reaction order was reduced with the additions of the plastics. The co-combustion operation interactions were optimized via an artificial neural network so as to jointly meet the multiple objectives of maximum energy production and minimum emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Ding
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zihong Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jingyong Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Fatih Evrendilek
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu 14052, Turkey
| | - Yao He
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Wuming Xie
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Fu J, Liu J, Xu W, Chen Z, Evrendilek F, Sun S. Torrefaction, temperature, and heating rate dependencies of pyrolysis of coffee grounds: Its performances, bio-oils, and emissions. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 345:126346. [PMID: 34856353 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The torrefaction pretreatment is of great significance to the efficient conversion of biomass residues into bioenergy. In this study, the effects of the three torrefaction temperatures (200, 250, and 300 °C) on the pyrolysis performance and products of coffee grounds (CG) were quantified. The torrefaction treatment increased the initial devolatilization and maximum peak temperatures of the CG pyrolysis. Activation energy of CG250 was lower than that of CG and more conducive to the pyrolysis. Torrefaction altered the distributions of the pyrolytic products and promoted the generation of C=C. Torrefaction changed the composition ratio of the pyrolytic bio-oils although cyanoacetic acid and 2-butene still dominated the bio-oils. The joint optimization pointed to pyrolysis temperature > 600 °C and torrefaction temperature ≤ 270 °C as the optimal conditions. Our experimental results also verified that torrefaction of CG may be more suitable at 200 and 250 °C than 300 °C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Fu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jingyong Liu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Weijie Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhibin Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Fatih Evrendilek
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu 14052, Turkey
| | - Shuiyu Sun
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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