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Luo Q, Chen M, Yu D, Zhang T, Zhao J, Zhang L, Han X, Zhou M, Hou Y, Zheng Y. An Atmospheric Water-Harvester with Ultrahigh Uptake-Release Efficiency at Low Humidity. ACS NANO 2024. [PMID: 38761383 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.4c02866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2024]
Abstract
Atmospheric water harvesting is a practical strategy that is achieved by removing materials from air moisture to relieve global water scarcity. Here we design a water-harvester (i.e., MOF-303/thiolated polymer composite (MTC)) by using a metal-organic framework (MOF-303) and thiolated chitosan (TC) skeleton. Intermolecular hydrogen bonding between TC and MOF-303 facilitates porous structures with enlarged air-polymer interfaces for long cycling life and high capacity at low relative humidity. Benefiting from synergetic effects on porosity and anchorage for accelerating the uptake-release of moisture, MTC exhibits a rapid water uptake capacity of 0.135 g/g in 60 min under 12.5 RH% and ultrafast water desorption kinetics of 0.003 g/g/min at 8.5 RH%, which is superior to the as-reported MOF-303 based adsorbents. At low heat (∼40 °C), the water desorption and collection rate, respectively, are 0.0195 and 0.0168 g/g/min within 210 min, showing ultrahigh harvesting efficiency. These results highlight the enormous potential as promising materials for solving the world's water scarcity crisis. This study offers an insight into the design of AWH materials, which can be extended into applications in some realms, e.g., freshwater development for industry in arid areas, water engineering-related devices and systems, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Minshuo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Dongdong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Tiance Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Jiajun Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Han
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Maolin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yongping Hou
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
| | - Yongmei Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Smart Interfacial Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, P. R. China
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2
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Mpakairi KS, Muthivhi FF, Dondofema F, Munyai LF, Dalu T. Chlorophyll-a unveiled: unlocking reservoir insights through remote sensing in a subtropical reservoir. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2024; 196:401. [PMID: 38538854 PMCID: PMC10973079 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12554-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Effective water resources management and monitoring are essential amid increasing challenges posed by population growth, industrialization, urbanization, and climate change. Earth observation techniques offer promising opportunities to enhance water resources management and support informed decision-making. This study utilizes Landsat-8 OLI and Sentinel-2 MSI satellite data to estimate chlorophyl-a (chl-a) concentrations in the Nandoni reservoir, Thohoyandou, South Africa. The study estimated chl-a concentrations using random forest models with spectral bands only, spectral indices only (blue difference absorption (BDA), fluorescence line height in the violet region (FLH_violet), and normalized difference chlorophyll index (NDCI)), and combined spectral bands and spectral indices. The results showed that the models using spectral bands from both Landsat-8 OLI and Sentinel-2 MSI performed comparably. The model using Sentinel-2 MSI had a higher accuracy of estimating chl-a when spectral bands alone were used. Sentinel-2 MSI's additional red-edge spectral bands provided a notable advantage in capturing subtle variations in chl-a concentrations. Lastly, the -chl-a concentration was higher at the edges of the Nandoni reservoir and closer to the reservoir wall. The findings of this study are crucial for improving the management of water reservoirs, enabling proactive decision-making, and supporting sustainable water resource management practices. Ultimately, this research contributes to the broader understanding of the application of earth observation techniques for water resources management, providing valuable information for policymakers and water authorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kudzai S Mpakairi
- Department of Earth Sciences, Institute of Water Studies, University of the Western Cape, Bellville, 7535, South Africa.
- School of Wildlife Conservation, African Leadership University, Kigali, Rwanda.
| | - Faith F Muthivhi
- Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa
| | - Farai Dondofema
- Department of Geography and Environmental Sciences, University of Venda, Thohoyandou, 0950, South Africa
| | - Linton F Munyai
- Aquatic Systems Research Group, School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Mpumalanga, Nelspruit, 1200, South Africa
| | - Tatenda Dalu
- Aquatic Systems Research Group, School of Biology and Environmental Sciences, University of Mpumalanga, Nelspruit, 1200, South Africa
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Makhanda, 6140, South Africa
- Stellenbosch Institute for Advanced Study, Wallenberg Research Centre at Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, 7600, South Africa
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3
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Starkloff NC, Angelo T, Mahalila MP, Charles J, Kinung'hi S, Civitello DJ. Spatio-temporal variability in transmission risk of human schistosomes and animal trematodes in a seasonally desiccating East African landscape. Proc Biol Sci 2024; 291:20231766. [PMID: 38196367 PMCID: PMC10777146 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2023.1766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Different populations of hosts and parasites experience distinct seasonality in environmental factors, depending on local-scale biotic and abiotic factors. This can lead to highly heterogeneous disease outcomes across host ranges. Variable seasonality characterizes urogenital schistosomiasis, a neglected tropical disease caused by parasitic trematodes (Schistosoma haematobium). Their intermediate hosts are aquatic Bulinus snails that are highly adapted to extreme rainfall seasonality, undergoing prolonged dormancy yearly. While Bulinus snails have a remarkable capacity for rebounding following dormancy, we investigated the extent to which parasite survival within snails is diminished. We conducted an investigation of seasonal snail schistosome dynamics in 109 ponds of variable ephemerality in Tanzania from August 2021 to July 2022. First, we found that ponds have two synchronized peaks of schistosome infection prevalence and observed cercariae, though of lower magnitude in the fully desiccating than non-desiccating ponds. Second, we evaluated total yearly schistosome prevalence across an ephemerality gradient, finding ponds with intermediate ephemerality to have the highest infection rates. We also investigated dynamics of non-schistosome trematodes, which lacked synonymity with schistosome patterns. We found peak schistosome transmission risk at intermediate pond ephemerality, thus the impacts of anticipated increases in landscape desiccation could result in increases or decreases in transmission risk with global change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Teckla Angelo
- National Institute of Medical Research Mwanza Center, Mwanza, Tanzania
- Nelson Mandela African Institute of Science and Technology, Arusha, Tanzania
| | - Moses P. Mahalila
- National Institute of Medical Research Mwanza Center, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Jenitha Charles
- National Institute of Medical Research Mwanza Center, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Safari Kinung'hi
- National Institute of Medical Research Mwanza Center, Mwanza, Tanzania
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4
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Osei-Amponsah C, Quarmine W, Okem A. Understanding climate-induced migration in West Africa through the social transformation lens. FRONTIERS IN SOCIOLOGY 2023; 8:1173395. [PMID: 38186402 PMCID: PMC10766697 DOI: 10.3389/fsoc.2023.1173395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
The climate crisis has migration implications, and we need to act inclusively and urgently. Climate change impacts people's decisions to migrate largely through economic, political, technological, demographic, and socio-cultural factors, and their dynamic interlinkages. These complex issues often influence climate risks and vulnerabilities and complicate effective investment and policy actions on migration. However, there is inadequate documentation on how climate change is linked to migration and social transformation. Based on a traditional literature review and inputs from a consultation dialogue, this paper analyzes climate-induced migration in West Africa using a social transformation lens. The paper conceptualizes the climate-induced migrant as an agent of adaptation and describes the complexities of climate vulnerabilities, and its intersection with social transformation in migration decisions. A social transformation conceptual framework is proposed to identify the complexities of climate-induced migration and ensure inclusive strategies are planned, implemented, and sustained. The paper discusses the need for transdisciplinary research approaches to capture various intersections of transforming socio-economic and environmental vulnerabilities across different countries and migratory landscapes. The paper also highlights the critical concern in the region regarding the "trapped population." It suggests that a social transformation lens is required to unravel the dynamics around vulnerable people unable to migrate because they do not have the resources to migrate or are constrained by cultural issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charity Osei-Amponsah
- Governance and Inclusion Research Group, International Water Management Institute, Accra, Ghana
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5
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Peng Z, Fu Y, Guo Z. Origami-like 3D Fog Water Harvestor with Hybrid Wettability for Efficient Fog Harvesting. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:38110-38123. [PMID: 37525393 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c07343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Collecting water in fog has also become a breakthrough to solve the hidden danger of water shortage in some arid areas. The three-dimensional (3D) structure fog collection material can increase the surface area in direct contact with the fog flow and reduce the quick flow of fog, which can effectively improve the fog collection efficiency. Imitating the three-dimensional structure of corrugated paper, the 3D fog collecting material with hybrid wettability was prepared by chemical and physical means. We discuss the influence of different wettability combinations on the fog collection efficiency of 3D structures and study the influence of spraying times and illumination times on the surface wettability during the construction of wettability. We also study the influence of the concavity and tip as well as the bending angle on the fog collection in the 3D structure and obtain the most reasonable concavity and convex ratio and bending angle. The superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic 3D structure fog harvesting material prepared by us performs well in the fog harvesting process, and the fog harvesting efficiency reaches 1.442 g cm-2 h-1. The fog collection efficiency is 418% of the original zinc sheet. At the same time, compared with the superhydrophilic and superhydrophobic hybrid two-dimensional (2D) plane, the increase is 168%, and compared with the superhydrophobic 3D structure, the increase is 150%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouliang Peng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Fu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiguang Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Green Preparation and Application of Functional Materials, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Lubrication, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
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6
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Aina IV, Thiam DR, Dinar A. Economics of household preferences for water-saving technologies in urban South Africa. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 339:117953. [PMID: 37080102 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.117953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Drought severity is expected to increase in South Africa in the coming years, given the deteriorating effects of climate change on rainfall patterns, global temperature, and evaporation. A common mitigation strategy adopted by households is to promote water demand management initiatives to reduce water consumption volume and complement existing water supply management approaches implemented by suppliers. This study contributes to the discussion on adaptation strategies by investigating household preference heterogeneity for water-saving technologies through empirical evidence from urban Cape Town, South Africa. Using a choice modelling framework, we collected primary survey data from 512 urban households in five of the city's major suburbs and investigated heterogeneity among the households based on their preferences for characteristics embedded in four water-saving technologies. Four preference classes were identified by accounting for taste heterogeneity. Overall, respondents had the highest marginal willingness to pay (MWTP) for the greywater technology alternative at 17,025 ZAR (US$ 1142) while rainwater technology has the least willingness to pay value at 5206 ZAR (US$ 349). In addition, the results show that respondents in classes 1 and 2 have a high interest in technologies that save a large quantity of water, whereas members of classes 3 and 4 rely on inexpensive conservation and behavioral habits as climate adaptation measures. This study has important policy implications for many water-stressed and arid cities within and outside South Africa since like Cape Town, many large cities require long-lasting measures that help reduce the pressure on their strained water systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifedotun Victor Aina
- School of Economics, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa; Water and Production Economics Program, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa.
| | - Djiby Racine Thiam
- School of Economics, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa; Water and Production Economics Program, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
| | - Ariel Dinar
- School of Public Policy, University of California, Riverside, USA
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7
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Tirivangasi HM, Dzvimbo MA, Chaminuka N, Mawonde A. Assessing climate change and urban poverty in the context of the COVID 19 lockdowns: Rethinking personality and societal challenges in Zimbabwe. SCIENTIFIC AFRICAN 2023; 20:e01710. [PMID: 37223655 PMCID: PMC10172155 DOI: 10.1016/j.sciaf.2023.e01710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The study explored the challenges urbanites faced due to climate change and the COVID-19 pandemic. Urban vulnerability ills such as food insecurity, poverty and malnutrition have increased as climate change and COVID-19 jointly affect societies. Urban residents have resorted to urban farming and street vending as coping strategies. COVID-19 protocols and strategies for social distancing have compromised the urban poor livelihoods. Due to lockdown protocols such as curfew, closure of businesses, and the limited number of people doing certain activities, the urban poor often compromised lockdown rules to earn a living. The study used document analysis to gather data on climate change and poverty amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. Academic journals, newspaper articles, books and information from various reliable websites were used for data collection. Content and thematic analysis were used to analyse data, while data triangulation from various sources enhanced data reliability and trustworthiness. The study found that climate change increased food insecurity in urban areas. Low agricultural output and climate change impacts compromised food availability and affordability for urbanites. The COVID-19 protocols increased financial constraints on urbanites as lockdown restrictions negatively impacted income from formal and informal jobs. The study recommends looking beyond the virus for prevention strategies to improve poor peoples' livelihoods. Countries must develop response strategies to cushion the urban poor from climate change and the COVID-19 impact. Developing countries are urged to sustainably adapt to climate change through scientific innovation to promote people's livelihoods.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Tirivangasi
- Department of Sociology and Anthropology, University of Limpopo, P.bag X1106, Sovenga 0727, South Africa
| | - M A Dzvimbo
- Department of Geography, University of the Free State, 205 Nelson Mandela Drive, Park West, Bloemfontein 9301, South Africa
| | - N Chaminuka
- Department of Development Studies, Zimbabwe Open University, 16 Victory Road, Gweru, Zimbabwe
| | - A Mawonde
- College of Agriculture and Environmental Science, University of South Africa, 28 Pioneer Ave, Florida Park Roodepoort, 1709, Johannesburg, South Africa
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8
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Starkloff NC, Angelo T, Mahalila MP, Charles J, Kinung’hi S, Civitello DJ. Spatiotemporal variability in transmission risk of human schistosomes and animal trematodes in a seasonally desiccating East African landscape. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.25.542103. [PMID: 37292923 PMCID: PMC10245890 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.25.542103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Different populations of hosts and parasites experience distinct seasonality in environmental factors, depending on local-scale biotic and abiotic factors. This can lead to highly heterogenous disease outcomes across host ranges. Variable seasonality characterizes urogenital schistosomiasis, a neglected tropical disease caused by parasitic trematodes (Schistosoma haematobium). Their intermediate hosts are aquatic Bulinus snails that are highly adapted to extreme rainfall seasonality, undergoing dormancy for up to seven months yearly. While Bulinus snails have a remarkable capacity for rebounding following dormancy, parasite survival within snails is greatly diminished. We conducted a year-round investigation of seasonal snail-schistosome dynamics in 109 ponds of variable ephemerality in Tanzania. First, we found that ponds have two synchronized peaks of schistosome infection prevalence and cercariae release, though of lower magnitude in the fully desiccating ponds than non-desiccating ponds. Second, we evaluated total yearly prevalence across a gradient of an ephemerality, finding ponds with intermediate ephemerality to have the highest infection rates. We also investigated dynamics of non-schistosome trematodes, which lacked synonymity with schistosome patterns. We found peak schistosome transmission risk at intermediate pond ephemerality, thus the impacts of anticipated increases in landscape desiccation could result in increases or decreases in transmission risk with global change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Teckla Angelo
- National Institute of Medical Research Mwanza Center, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Moses P. Mahalila
- National Institute of Medical Research Mwanza Center, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Jenitha Charles
- National Institute of Medical Research Mwanza Center, Mwanza, Tanzania
| | - Safari Kinung’hi
- National Institute of Medical Research Mwanza Center, Mwanza, Tanzania
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9
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Barati AA, Pour MD, Sardooei MA. Water crisis in Iran: A system dynamics approach on water, energy, food, land and climate (WEFLC) nexus. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 882:163549. [PMID: 37076013 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Water scarcity is a highly complex, multifaceted and dynamic issue, which has become a severe global challenge. Water scarcity is a hyperconnected phenomenon and thus should be studied through nexus approach, however current water-energy-food (WEF) nexus underrepresents the impacts of land use change and climate change on water scarcity. Therefore, this study was investigated to expand the WEF nexus coverage of further systems, improving the accuracy of nexus models for decision-making and narrowing science-policy gap. Current study developed a water-energy-food-land-climate (WEFLC) nexus model to analyze the water scarcity. Modeling the complex behavior of water scarcity enables the analysis of the efficiency of some adaptation policies in addressing water scarcity and will provide suggestions for improving adaptation practices. The results showed that there is a substantial water supply-demand gap in study region, with an excess consumption of 62,361 million m3. Under baseline scenario, the gap between water supply and demand will enlarge, leading to water crisis in Iran as our study region. Climate change was found to be the prime cause of exacerbating water scarcity in Iran, raising evapotranspiration from 70 % to 85 % in 50 years, and considerably increasing the water demand in various sectors. In terms of policy/adaptation measure analysis, the results showed that neither supply-side nor demand-side scenarios could solely address water crisis, and mixed supply-demand side interventions can be the most effective policy to alleviate water crisis. Overall, the study suggests that water resource management practices and policies in Iran should be reevaluated to include a system thinking management approach. The results can be used as a decision support tool that can recommend suitable mitigation and adaptation strategies for water scarcity in the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Akbar Barati
- Department of Agricultural Management and Development, University of Tehran, Iran.
| | - Milad Dehghani Pour
- Forest Research Institute, University of the Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
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10
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Simpson NP, Williams PA, Mach KJ, Berrang-Ford L, Biesbroek R, Haasnoot M, Segnon AC, Campbell D, Musah-Surugu JI, Joe ET, Nunbogu AM, Sabour S, Meyer AL, Andrews TM, Singh C, Siders A, Lawrence J, van Aalst M, Trisos CH. Adaptation to compound climate risks: A systematic global stocktake. iScience 2023; 26:105926. [PMID: 36866045 PMCID: PMC9971900 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.105926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This article provides a stocktake of the adaptation literature between 2013 and 2019 to better understand how adaptation responses affect risk under the particularly challenging conditions of compound climate events. Across 39 countries, 45 response types to compound hazards display anticipatory (9%), reactive (33%), and maladaptive (41%) characteristics, as well as hard (18%) and soft (68%) limits to adaptation. Low income, food insecurity, and access to institutional resources and finance are the most prominent of 23 vulnerabilities observed to negatively affect responses. Risk for food security, health, livelihoods, and economic outputs are commonly associated risks driving responses. Narrow geographical and sectoral foci of the literature highlight important conceptual, sectoral, and geographic areas for future research to better understand the way responses shape risk. When responses are integrated within climate risk assessment and management, there is greater potential to advance the urgency of response and safeguards for the most vulnerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas P. Simpson
- African Climate and Development Initiative, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa,Corresponding author
| | - Portia Adade Williams
- CSIR-Science and Technology Policy Research Institute, Accra, Ghana,Corresponding author
| | - Katharine J. Mach
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Rosenstiel School of Marine, Atmospheric, and Earth Science, and Leonard and Jayne Abess Center for Ecosystem Science and Policy, University of Miami, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Lea Berrang-Ford
- Priestley International Centre for Climate, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | | | - Marjolijn Haasnoot
- Deltares, Delft, the Netherlands, Department of Physical Geography, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Alcade C. Segnon
- Alliance of Bioversity International and International Center for Tropical Agriculture (CIAT), Dakar, Senegal, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou, Benin
| | | | - Justice Issah Musah-Surugu
- United Nations University, Bonn, Germany,Department of Public Administration and Health Service Management, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
| | - Elphin Tom Joe
- Economics Center, World Resources Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Abraham Marshall Nunbogu
- Department of Geography and Environmental Management, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Salma Sabour
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, UK
| | - Andreas L.S. Meyer
- African Climate and Development Initiative, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Talbot M. Andrews
- Department of Political Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - Chandni Singh
- School of Environment and Sustainability, Indian Institute for Human Settlements, Bangalore, India
| | - A.R. Siders
- Disaster Research Center, Climate Change Science and Policy Hub, Biden School of Public Policy, Department of Geography and Spatial Sciences; University of Delaware; Newark, DE, USA
| | - Judy Lawrence
- Climate Change Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Maarten van Aalst
- Faculty of Geo-information Science and Earth Observation, University of Twente, Twente, the Netherlands,Red Cross Red Crescent Climate Centre, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Christopher H. Trisos
- African Climate and Development Initiative, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa,Centre for Statistics in Ecology, Environment and Conservation, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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11
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Castelli G, Piemontese L, Quinn R, Aerts J, Elsner P, Ertsen M, Hussey S, Filho WL, Limones N, Mpofu B, Neufeld DG, Ngugi K, Ngwenya N, Parker A, Ryan C, de Trincheria J, Villani L, Eisma J, Bresci E. Sand dams for sustainable water management: Challenges and future opportunities. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 838:156126. [PMID: 35605850 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.156126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sand dams are impermeable water harvesting structures built to collect and store water within the volume of sediments transported by ephemeral rivers. The artificial sandy aquifer created by the sand dam reduces evaporation losses relative to surface water storage in traditional dams. Recent years have seen a renaissance of studies on sand dams as an effective water scarcity adaptation strategy for drylands. However, many aspects of their functioning and effectiveness are still unclear. Literature reviews have pointed to a range of research gaps that need further scientific attention, such as river corridors and network dynamics, watershed-scale impacts, and interaction with social dynamics. However, the scattered and partially incomplete information across the different reviews would benefit from an integrated framework for directing future research efforts. This paper is a collaborative effort of different research groups active on sand dams and stems from the need to channel future research efforts on this topic in a thorough and coherent way. We synthesize the pivotal research gaps of a) unclear definition of "functioning" sand dams, b) lack of methodologies for watershed-scale analysis, c) neglect of social aspects in sand dam research, and d) underreported impacts of sand dams. We then propose framing future research to better target the synthesized gaps, including using the social-ecological systems framework to better capture the interconnected social and biophysical research gaps on sand dams, fully utilizing the potential of remote sensing in large-scale studies and collecting sand dam cases across the world to create an extensive database to advance evidence-based research on sand dams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Castelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), Università degli Studi di Firenze, Italy.
| | - Luigi Piemontese
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), Università degli Studi di Firenze, Italy
| | - Ruth Quinn
- Department of Civil and Structural Engineering, The University of Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Civil Engineering and Construction, Atlantic Technological University, Sligo, Ireland
| | - Jeroen Aerts
- Institute for Environmental Studies (IVM), VU University Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paul Elsner
- Department of Geography, Birkbeck, University of London, United Kingdom
| | - Maurits Ertsen
- Water Resources, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands
| | | | - Walter Leal Filho
- Department of Natural Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, United Kingdom
| | - Natalia Limones
- Department of Physical Geography and Regional Geographic Analysis, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Alison Parker
- Cranfield Water Science Institute, Cranfield University, United Kingdom
| | - Cate Ryan
- Department of Environmental Science, Auckland University of Technology, New Zealand
| | - Josep de Trincheria
- Institute of Wastewater Management and Water Protection, Hamburg University of Technology, Germany
| | - Lorenzo Villani
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), Università degli Studi di Firenze, Italy; Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering Department, Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB), Belgium
| | - Jessica Eisma
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Texas at Arlington, USA
| | - Elena Bresci
- Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry (DAGRI), Università degli Studi di Firenze, Italy
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12
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Activated Carbon-Loaded Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles and Their Photocatalytic and Antibacterial Investigations. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12080834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Activated carbon doping TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesised by zapota leaf extract using the co-precipitation method. The bio-constituents of plant compounds were used in the reactions of stabilization and reductions. The carbon loading on the TiO2 nanoparticles was characterised by XRD, FTIR, UV-DRS, SEM with EDX, and TEM analysis. The loading of activated carbon onto the TiO2 nanoparticles decreased the crystallite size and optical bandgap, and their doping improved the surface structure of AC/TiO2 nanoparticles. Mesoporous/microporous instability was remodified from the activated carbon, which was visualised using SEM and TEM analysis, respectively. The photocatalytic dye degradation of Rh-B dye was degraded in TiO2 and AC/TiO2 nanoparticles under visible light irradiation. The degradation efficiencies of TiO2 and AC/TiO2 nanoparticles were 73% and 91%, respectively. The bacterial abilities of TiO2 and AC/TiO2 nanoparticles were examined by E. coli and S. aureus. The water reclamation efficiency and bactericidal effect of TiO2 and AC/TiO2 nanoparticles were examined via catalytic dye degradation and bacterial efficiency of activated carbon-doped titanium dioxide nanoparticles.
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13
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High-Performance Hydrogel Based on Modified Chitosan for Removal of Heavy Metal Ions in Borehole: A Case Study from the Bahariya Oasis, Egypt. Catalysts 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/catal12070721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, there is a rising demand for water purification. This demand is driven by numerous factors, including economic growth, increasing population, water shortage, and deterioration of water quality. The current work highlights the manufacturing of environmentally friendly and highly efficient sorbent based on chitosan nanoparticles after successive crosslinking (using glutaraldehyde) and modification through grafting of 4-aminoazobenzene-3,4′-disulfonic acid (AZDS) as a source of sulfonic groups. First, the produced sorbent was thoroughly specified using FTIR, TGA, SEM, SEM-EDX, pHpzc, BET (nitrogen sorption desorption isotherms), and elemental analyses (EA). The sorbent was tested for the sorption of Fe(III) before application to highly contaminated iron water well samples. Next, the sorption was improved as the sulfonation process was conducted under the selected experimental conditions within 25 and 20 min with a maximum capacity of 2.7 and 3.0 mmol Fe g−1 in visible light and under UV, respectively. Then, the uptake kinetics for both techniques were fitted by the pseudo-first-order rate equation (PFORE), in which the effect of the resistance to intraparticle diffusion has remained an unneglected factor, while the Langmuir equation has fitted the sorption isotherms. After that, the efficient desorption was achieved by using 0.2 M hydrochloric acid solution, and the desorption process was as fast as the sorption process; 15 min was sufficient for complete desorption. The sorbent shows high selectivity for heavy metal ions compared to the representative elements. Finally, the sorbent was used for the removal of heavy metal ions from a highly contaminated water well in the Bahariya Oasis and appeared to be highly efficient for heavy metal removal even in a diluted solution. Accordingly, it can be implemented in the task of water treatment.
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14
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Fatimah I, Fadillah G, Yanti I, Doong RA. Clay-Supported Metal Oxide Nanoparticles in Catalytic Advanced Oxidation Processes: A Review. NANOMATERIALS 2022; 12:nano12050825. [PMID: 35269318 PMCID: PMC8912419 DOI: 10.3390/nano12050825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) utilizing heterogeneous catalysts have attracted great attention in the last decade. The use of solid catalysts, including metal and metal oxide nanoparticle support materials, exhibited better performance compared with the use of homogeneous catalysts, which is mainly related to their stability in hostile environments and recyclability and reusability. Various solid supports have been reported to enhance the performance of metal and metal oxide catalysts for AOPs; undoubtedly, the utilization of clay as a support is the priority under consideration and has received intensive interest. This review provides up-to-date progress on the synthesis, features, and future perspectives of clay-supported metal and metal oxide for AOPs. The methods and characteristics of metal and metal oxide incorporated into the clay structure are strongly influenced by various factors in the synthesis, including the kind of clay mineral. In addition, the benefits of nanomaterials from a green chemistry perspective are key aspects for their further considerations in various applications. Special emphasis is given to the basic schemes for clay modifications and role of clay supports for the enhanced mechanism of AOPs. The scaling-up issue is suggested for being studied to further applications at industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Is Fatimah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Kampus Terpadu UII, Jl. Kaliurang Km 14, Yogyakarta 55112, Indonesia; (G.F.); (I.Y.)
- Correspondence: (I.F.); (R.-a.D.)
| | - Ganjar Fadillah
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Kampus Terpadu UII, Jl. Kaliurang Km 14, Yogyakarta 55112, Indonesia; (G.F.); (I.Y.)
| | - Ika Yanti
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Islam Indonesia, Kampus Terpadu UII, Jl. Kaliurang Km 14, Yogyakarta 55112, Indonesia; (G.F.); (I.Y.)
| | - Ruey-an Doong
- Institute of Analytical and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (I.F.); (R.-a.D.)
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15
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Remote Sensing for Biocultural Heritage Preservation in an African Semi-Arid Region: A Case Study of Indigenous Wells in Northern Kenya and Southern Ethiopia. REMOTE SENSING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14020314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The region of Southern Ethiopia (Borana) and Northern Kenya (Marsabit) is characterised by erratic rainfall, limited surface water, aridity, and frequent droughts. An important adaptive response to these conditions, of uncertain antiquity, has been the hand-excavation of a sequence of deep wells at key locations often along seasonal riverbeds and valley bottoms where subterranean aquifers can be tapped. Sophisticated indigenous water management systems have developed to ensure equitable access to these critical water resources, and these are part of well-defined customary institutional leadership structures that govern the community giving rise to a distinctive form of biocultural heritage. These systems, and the wells themselves, are increasingly under threat, however, from climate change, demographic growth, and socio-economic development. To contribute to an assessment of the scale, distribution and intensity of these threats, this study aimed to evaluate the land-use land-cover (LULC) and precipitation changes in this semi-arid to arid landscape and their association with, and impact on, the preservation of traditional wells. Multitemporal Landsat 5, 7 and 8 satellite imagery covering the period 1990 to 2020, analysed at a temporal resolution of 10 years, was classified using supervised classification via the Random Forest machine learning method to extract the following classes: bare land, grassland, shrub land, open forest, closed forest, croplands, settlement and waterbodies. Change detection was then applied to identify and quantify changes through time and landscape degradation indices were generated using the Shannon Diversity Index fragmentation index within a 15 km buffer of each well cluster. The results indicated that land cover change was mostly driven by increasing anthropogenic changes with resultant reduction in natural land cover classes. Furthermore, increased fragmentation has occurred within most of the selected buffer distances of the well clusters. The main drivers of change that have directly or indirectly impacted land degradation and the preservation of indigenous water management systems were identified through an analysis of land cover changes in the last 30 years, supporting insights from previous focused group discussions with communities in Kenya and Ethiopia. Our approach showed that remote sensing methods can be used for the spatially explicit mapping of landscape structure around the wells, and ultimately towards assessment of the preservation status of the indigenous wells.
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