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Chang-Brahim I, Koppensteiner LJ, Beltrame L, Bodner G, Saranti A, Salzinger J, Fanta-Jende P, Sulzbachner C, Bruckmüller F, Trognitz F, Samad-Zamini M, Zechner E, Holzinger A, Molin EM. Reviewing the essential roles of remote phenotyping, GWAS and explainable AI in practical marker-assisted selection for drought-tolerant winter wheat breeding. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1319938. [PMID: 38699541 PMCID: PMC11064034 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1319938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Marker-assisted selection (MAS) plays a crucial role in crop breeding improving the speed and precision of conventional breeding programmes by quickly and reliably identifying and selecting plants with desired traits. However, the efficacy of MAS depends on several prerequisites, with precise phenotyping being a key aspect of any plant breeding programme. Recent advancements in high-throughput remote phenotyping, facilitated by unmanned aerial vehicles coupled to machine learning, offer a non-destructive and efficient alternative to traditional, time-consuming, and labour-intensive methods. Furthermore, MAS relies on knowledge of marker-trait associations, commonly obtained through genome-wide association studies (GWAS), to understand complex traits such as drought tolerance, including yield components and phenology. However, GWAS has limitations that artificial intelligence (AI) has been shown to partially overcome. Additionally, AI and its explainable variants, which ensure transparency and interpretability, are increasingly being used as recognised problem-solving tools throughout the breeding process. Given these rapid technological advancements, this review provides an overview of state-of-the-art methods and processes underlying each MAS, from phenotyping, genotyping and association analyses to the integration of explainable AI along the entire workflow. In this context, we specifically address the challenges and importance of breeding winter wheat for greater drought tolerance with stable yields, as regional droughts during critical developmental stages pose a threat to winter wheat production. Finally, we explore the transition from scientific progress to practical implementation and discuss ways to bridge the gap between cutting-edge developments and breeders, expediting MAS-based winter wheat breeding for drought tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Chang-Brahim
- Unit Bioresources, Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Tulln, Austria
| | | | - Lorenzo Beltrame
- Unit Assistive and Autonomous Systems, Center for Vision, Automation & Control, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gernot Bodner
- Department of Crop Sciences, Institute of Agronomy, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Tulln, Austria
| | - Anna Saranti
- Human-Centered AI Lab, Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences, Institute of Forest Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jules Salzinger
- Unit Assistive and Autonomous Systems, Center for Vision, Automation & Control, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Phillipp Fanta-Jende
- Unit Assistive and Autonomous Systems, Center for Vision, Automation & Control, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Sulzbachner
- Unit Assistive and Autonomous Systems, Center for Vision, Automation & Control, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Felix Bruckmüller
- Unit Assistive and Autonomous Systems, Center for Vision, Automation & Control, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Vienna, Austria
| | - Friederike Trognitz
- Unit Bioresources, Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Tulln, Austria
| | | | - Elisabeth Zechner
- Verein zur Förderung einer nachhaltigen und regionalen Pflanzenzüchtung, Zwettl, Austria
| | - Andreas Holzinger
- Human-Centered AI Lab, Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences, Institute of Forest Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva M. Molin
- Unit Bioresources, Center for Health & Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Tulln, Austria
- Human-Centered AI Lab, Department of Forest- and Soil Sciences, Institute of Forest Engineering, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Wang Y, Wei Y, Du Y, Li Z, Wang T. Estimation of spatial distribution of soil moisture on steep hillslopes by state-space approach (SSA). THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 914:169973. [PMID: 38211854 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.169973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
Soil moisture is a critical variable that quantifies precipitation, floods, droughts, irrigation, and other factors with regard to decision-making and risk evaluation. An accurate prediction of soil moisture dynamics is important for soil and environmental management. However, the complex topographic condition and land use in hilly and mountainous areas make it a challenge to monitor and predict soil moisture dynamics in these areas. In this study, the determinants of soil moisture variability were determined by structural equation modeling, and then an attempt was made to estimate the spatial distribution of soil moisture content on steep hillslope using the state-space method. Herein, soil moisture at different depths (0-10, 10-20, and 20-30 cm) was monitored by portable time-domain reflectometer (TDR) along this hillslope (100 m × 180 m). It showed that the spatial variability of soil moisture decreased with increasing soil wetness, primarily in the topsoil (0-10 cm). Soil moisture was correlated with elevation (r = 0.28, 0.50, and 0.28), capillary porosity (r = 0.06, 0.37, and 0.28), soil texture (r for Clay: 0.20, 0.24, and 0.16; r for Sand: -0.25, -0.18, and -0.28), organic carbon (r = -0.31, -0.08, and 0.10) and land use (r = -0.01, 0.28, and 0.24) under different conditions (dry, moderate, and wet). Among these determinants, elevation made direct contributions to soil moisture variation, especially under moderate conditions, while land use made its impacts by altering soil texture. It is encouraging that the state-space approach yielded precise and cost-effective predictions of soil moisture dynamics along this steep hillslope since it gives the minimum root-mean-square error (RMSE) and Akaike information criterion (AIC). Moreover, soil organic carbon (AIC = -4.497, RMSE = 0.104, R2 = 0.899), rock fragment contents (AIC = -4.366, RMSE = 0.111, R2 = 0.878), and elevation (AIC = -3.693, RMSE = 0.156, R2 = 0.629) effectively anticipated the spatial distribution of soil moisture under dry, moderate, and wet conditions, respectively. This study confirms the efficacy of the state-space approach as a valuable tool for soil moisture prediction in areas characterized by complex and spatially heterogeneous conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yundong Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Yujie Wei
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China.
| | - Yingni Du
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Zhaoxia Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
| | - Tianwei Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei 430070, China
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Bottino MJ, Nobre P, Giarolla E, da Silva Junior MB, Capistrano VB, Malagutti M, Tamaoki JN, de Oliveira BFA, Nobre CA. Amazon savannization and climate change are projected to increase dry season length and temperature extremes over Brazil. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5131. [PMID: 38429332 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55176-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Land use change and atmospheric composition, two drivers of climate change, can interact to affect both local and remote climate regimes. Previous works have considered the effects of greenhouse gas buildup in the atmosphere and the effects of Amazon deforestation in atmospheric general circulation models. In this study, we investigate the impacts of the Brazilian Amazon savannization and global warming in a fully coupled ocean-land-sea ice-atmosphere model simulation. We find that both savannization and global warming individually lengthen the dry season and reduce annual rainfall over large tracts of South America. The combined effects of land use change and global warming resulted in a mean annual rainfall reduction of 44% and a dry season length increase of 69%, when averaged over the Amazon basin, relative to the control run. Modulation of inland moisture transport due to savannization shows the largest signal to explain the rainfall reduction and increase in dry season length over the Amazon and Central-West. The combined effects of savannization and global warming resulted in maximum daily temperature anomalies, reaching values of up to 14 °C above the current climatic conditions over the Amazon. Also, as a consequence of both climate drivers, both soil moisture and surface runoff decrease over most of the country, suggesting cascading negative future impacts on both agriculture production and hydroelectricity generation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Jorge Bottino
- National Institute for Space Research - INPE, Rodovia Presidente Dutra SP-RJ Km 40, Cachoeira Paulista, São Paulo, 12630-000, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Nobre
- National Institute for Space Research - INPE, Rodovia Presidente Dutra SP-RJ Km 40, Cachoeira Paulista, São Paulo, 12630-000, Brazil
| | - Emanuel Giarolla
- National Institute for Space Research - INPE, Rodovia Presidente Dutra SP-RJ Km 40, Cachoeira Paulista, São Paulo, 12630-000, Brazil
| | - Manoel Baptista da Silva Junior
- National Institute for Space Research - INPE, Rodovia Presidente Dutra SP-RJ Km 40, Cachoeira Paulista, São Paulo, 12630-000, Brazil
| | | | - Marta Malagutti
- National Institute for Space Research - INPE, Rodovia Presidente Dutra SP-RJ Km 40, Cachoeira Paulista, São Paulo, 12630-000, Brazil
| | - Jonas Noboru Tamaoki
- National Institute for Space Research - INPE, Rodovia Presidente Dutra SP-RJ Km 40, Cachoeira Paulista, São Paulo, 12630-000, Brazil
| | | | - Carlos Afonso Nobre
- Institute of Advanced Studies (IEA), São Paulo University, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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