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Sánchez-Marañón M, Ortega R, Pulido-Fernández M, Barrena-González J, Lavado-Contador F, Miralles I, García-Salcedo JA, Soriano M. Compositional and functional analysis of the bacterial community of Mediterranean Leptosols under livestock grazing. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 925:171811. [PMID: 38508263 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The composition and functioning of soil bacterial communities, as well as their responses to multiple perturbations, are not well understood in the terrestrial ecosystems. Our study focuses on the bacterial community of erosive and poorly developed soils (Haplic Leptosols) in Mediterranean rangelands of Extremadura (W Spain) with different grazing intensities. Leptosols from similar natural conditions were selected and sampled at two depths to determine the soil properties as well as the structure and activity of bacterial communities. As grazing intensified, the soil C and N content increased, as did the number and diversity of bacteria, mainly of fast-growing lineages. Aridibacter, Acidobacteria Gp6 and Gp10, Gemmatimonas, and Segetibacter increased their abundance along the grazing-intensity gradient. Firmicutes such as Romboutsia and Turicibacter from livestock microbiome also increased. In functional terms, the KEGG pathways enriched in the soils with moderate and high grazing intensity were ABC transporters, DNA repair and recombination proteins, the two-component system, and the degradation of xenobiotics. All of these proved to be related to stronger cell division and response mechanisms to environmental stressors such as drought, warming, toxic substances, and nutrient deprivation. Consequently, the bacterial community was affected by grazing, but appeared to adapt and counteract the effects of a high grazing intensity. Therefore, a clearly detrimental effect of grazing was not detected in the bacterial community of the soils studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Sánchez-Marañón
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, Science Faculty, University of Granada, E-18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Raúl Ortega
- Research Center for Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agri-Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, E-04120 Almería, Spain
| | - Manuel Pulido-Fernández
- Grupo de Investigación GeoAmbiental, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, E-10071 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Jesús Barrena-González
- Grupo de Investigación GeoAmbiental, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, E-10071 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Francisco Lavado-Contador
- Grupo de Investigación GeoAmbiental, Universidad de Extremadura, Avenida de la Universidad s/n, E-10071 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Isabel Miralles
- Research Center for Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agri-Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, E-04120 Almería, Spain
| | - José A García-Salcedo
- GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer / University of Granada / Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada - Avenida de la Ilustración 114 - E-18016 Granada, Spain; Microbiology Unit, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, E-18014 Granada, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA, Granada, Spain
| | - Miguel Soriano
- Research Center for Mediterranean Intensive Agrosystems and Agri-Food Biotechnology (CIAIMBITAL), University of Almería, Ctra. Sacramento s/n, E-04120 Almería, Spain; GENYO. Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research: Pfizer / University of Granada / Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada - Avenida de la Ilustración 114 - E-18016 Granada, Spain
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Jiang A, Mipam TD, Jing L, Li Z, Li T, Liu J, Tian L. Large herbivore grazing accelerates litter decomposition in terrestrial ecosystems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 922:171288. [PMID: 38423309 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Plant litter decomposition is critical for carbon and nutrient cycling globally. However, the effect of large herbivore grazing on litter decomposition and its mechanisms remain less explored. Here, 1203 paired observations and 381 independent experiments were analyzed to determine how litter decomposition and nutrient cycling respond to changes in grazing intensity. Grazing significantly increased litter decomposition rate by 14.08 % and litter carbon release by 5.03 %, and this effect was observed in grasslands and croplands but not in forests. The positive grazing effect was also found under sheep and cattle/yak grazing. Moderate grazing advanced the home-field advantage effect but inhibited under heavy grazing for grazed litters. The grazing effect was larger for high quality litter than for low quality litter. Litter decomposition slowed under >10 years heavy grazing but accelerated under moderate grazing. The effects of large herbivore grazing on litter decomposition were jointly influenced by grazing intensity, livestock type, climate condition, decomposition duration, litter quality, and soil properties. Our results demonstrated that large herbivore grazing accelerates litter decomposition globally and emphasized the significance and importance of grazing intensity on litter decomposition, which should be integrated into terrestrial ecosystem models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Jiang
- Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Tserang Donko Mipam
- Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Luhuai Jing
- Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Zhe Li
- Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Tao Li
- Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Jianquan Liu
- Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Liming Tian
- Sichuan Zoige Alpine Wetland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Key Laboratory for Bio-resource and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
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Li SX, Gao XR, Yi J, Jia LY, Ren J. A new strategy of using periphyton to simultaneously promote remediation of PAHs-contaminated soil and production of safer crops. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 246:118149. [PMID: 38199466 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Contaminated farmland leads to serious problems for human health through biomagnification in the soil-crop-human chain. In this paper, we have established a new soil remediation strategy using periphyton for the production of safer rice. Four representative polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), including phenanthrene (Phe), pyrene (Pyr), benzo[b]fluoranthene (BbF), and benzo[a]pyrene (BaP), were chosen to generate artificially contaminated soil. Pot experiments demonstrated that in comparison with rice cultivation in polluted soil with ΣPAHs (50 mg kg-1) but without periphyton, adding periphyton decreased ΣPAHs contents in both rice roots and shoots by 98.98% and 99.76%, respectively, and soil ΣPAHs removal reached 94.19%. Subsequently, risk assessment of ΣPAHs based on toxic equivalent concentration (TEQ), pollution load index (PLI), hazard index (HI), toxic unit for PAHs mixture (TUm), and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) indicated that periphyton lowered the ecological and carcinogenicity risks of PAHs. Besides, the role of periphyton in enhancing the rice productivity was revealed. The results indicated that periphyton alleviated the oxidative stress of PAHs on rice by reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) content and increasing total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC). Periphyton reduced the toxic stress of PAHs on the soil by promoting soil carbon cycling and metabolic activities as well. Periphyton also improved the soil's physicochemical properties, such as the percentage of soil aggregate, the contents of humic substances (HSs) and nutrients, which increased rice biomass. These findings confirmed that periphyton could improve rice productivity by enhancing soil quality and health. This study provides a new eco-friendly strategy for soil remediation and simultaneously enables the production of safe crops on contaminated land.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Xin Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, PR China
| | - Xiao-Rong Gao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, PR China.
| | - Jun Yi
- Key Laboratory of Edible Oil Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation, Wuhan, 430040, PR China
| | - Ling-Yun Jia
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, PR China
| | - Jun Ren
- MOE Key Laboratory of Bio-Intelligent Manufacturing, School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, No.2 Linggong Road, Dalian, 116024, PR China
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Gupta VVSR, Tiedje JM. Ranking environmental and edaphic attributes driving soil microbial community structure and activity with special attention to spatial and temporal scales. MLIFE 2024; 3:21-41. [PMID: 38827504 PMCID: PMC11139212 DOI: 10.1002/mlf2.12116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
The incredibly complex soil microbial communities at small scales make their analysis and identification of reasons for the observed structures challenging. Microbial community structure is mainly a result of the inoculum (dispersal), the selective advantages of those organisms under the habitat-based environmental attributes, and the ability of those colonizers to sustain themselves over time. Since soil is protective, and its microbial inhabitants have long adapted to varied soil conditions, significant portions of the soil microbial community structure are likely stable. Hence, a substantial portion of the community will not correlate to often measured soil attributes. We suggest that the drivers be ranked on the basis of their importance to the fundamental needs of the microbes: (i) those that supply energy, i.e., organic carbon and electron acceptors; (ii) environmental effectors or stressors, i.e., pH, salt, drought, and toxic chemicals; (iii) macro-organism associations, i.e., plants and their seasonality, animals and their fecal matter, and soil fauna; and (iv) nutrients, in order, N, P, and probably of lesser importance, other micronutrients, and metals. The relevance of drivers also varies with spatial and time scales, for example, aggregate to field to regional, and persistent to dynamic populations to transcripts, and with the extent of phylogenetic difference, hence phenotypic differences in organismal groups. We present a summary matrix to provide guidance on which drivers are important for particular studies, with special emphasis on a wide range of spatial and temporal scales, and illustrate this with genomic and population (rRNA gene) data from selected studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James M. Tiedje
- Centre for Microbial EcologyMichigan State UniversityEast LansingMichiganUSA
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Qu Y, Wang D, Jin S, Zheng Z, Diao Z, Rong Y. Flooding Length Mediates Fencing and Grazing Effects on Soil Respiration in Meadow Steppe. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:666. [PMID: 38475512 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Grassland management affects soil respiration (Rs, consists of heterotrophic respiration and autotrophic respiration) through soil micro-ecological processes, such as hydrothermal, plant root, organic carbon decomposition and microbial activity. Flooding, an irregular phenomenon in grasslands, may strongly regulate the response of soil respiration and its components to grassland management, but the regulatory mechanism remains unclear. We conducted a 3-year experiment by grassland management (fencing and grazing) and flooding conditions (no flooding (NF), short-term flooding (STF) and long-term flooding (LTF)) to study their effects on Rs and its components in a meadow steppe in the Hui River basin of Hulunbuir. We found differences in the patterns of Rs and its components under grassland management and flooding conditions. In 2021-2023, the temporal trends of Rs, heterotrophic respiration (Rh) and autotrophic respiration (Ra) were generally consistent, with peaks occurring on days 190-220, and the peaks of grazing were higher than that of fencing. In NF, Rs of grazed grassland was significantly higher than that of fenced grassland in 2021-2022 (p < 0.05). In STF and LTF, there was no significant difference in Rs between fenced and grazed grassland (p > 0.05). The dependence of Rs on soil temperature (ST) decreased with increasing flooding duration, and the dependence of Rs on ST of grazed grassland was higher than fenced grassland under NF and STF, but there was no difference between fenced grassland and grazed grassland under LTF. In addition, Rh was more sensitive to ST than Ra. This may be due to the different pathways of ST effects on Rs under grazing in different flooding conditions. Our study indicates that the effect of flooding on Rs is the key to the rational use of grassland under future climate change. To reduce regional carbon emissions, we recommend grazing on flooding grassland and fencing on no-flooding grassland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Qu
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
- State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Hulunbuir Forest-Steppe Ecotone, Hulunbuir 021100, China
| | - Deping Wang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Sanling Jin
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhirong Zheng
- State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Hulunbuir Forest-Steppe Ecotone, Hulunbuir 021100, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Eco-Process and Function Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Zhaoyan Diao
- State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Hulunbuir Forest-Steppe Ecotone, Hulunbuir 021100, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Eco-Process and Function Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yuping Rong
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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