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Yirga H, Urge M, Goetsch AL, Tolera A, Puchala R, Patra AK. Effects of Salinity Levels of Drinking Water on Water Intake and Loss, Feed Utilization, Body Weight, Thermoregulatory Traits, and Blood Constituents in Growing and Mature Blackhead Ogaden Sheep and Somali Goats. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1565. [PMID: 38891612 PMCID: PMC11171153 DOI: 10.3390/ani14111565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of drinking water salinity levels on water intake and loss, feed intake and digestion, body weight (BW), thermoregulation, and blood characteristics on growing and mature (18.8 ± 0.39 and 21.8 ± 0.40 kg BW, and 0.6-1 and 1.5-2 years of age, respectively) Blackhead Ogaden sheep and Somali goats. The animals were assigned to a 4 (water salinity) × 2 (sheep and goat species) × 2 (growing and mature animals) factorial arrangement for the 60-day experimental period and 10-day digestibility determination. Water treatments were fresh water (FRW) and low (SW-L), moderate (SW-M), and high (SW-H) levels of salinity (i.e., the addition of NaCl to obtain 10, 13.5, and 17 g of total dissolved salts (TDSs)/L, respectively). The salinity of drinking water did not affect feed intake, BW, thermoregulatory traits (respiration rate, rectal temperature, and heart rate), or blood parameters (p > 0.05); however, drinking water, total water intake, urine excretion, and total water loss increased (p < 0.01) while apparent dry matter digestibility decreased quadratically (p < 0.01) with increasing water salinity. Analysis of the interaction between water treatment and species showed that PCV (p = 0.059) and hemoglobin (p = 0.070) levels tended to be higher in sheep than in goats drinking FRW, and AST activities were greater (p = 0.036) in goats consuming SW-M than in sheep consuming water with the same salinity level. In conclusion, increasing the salinity level of drinking water by adding NaCl to up to 17 g/L of TDSs had no adverse effect on the water intake, feed intake, BW, and health status of growing and mature Blackhead Ogaden sheep and Somali goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirut Yirga
- School of Animal and Range Sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa P.O. Box 138, Ethiopia; (H.Y.); (M.U.)
- American Institute for Goat Research, Langston University, Langston, OK 73050, USA;
| | - Mengistu Urge
- School of Animal and Range Sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa P.O. Box 138, Ethiopia; (H.Y.); (M.U.)
| | - Arthur Louis Goetsch
- American Institute for Goat Research, Langston University, Langston, OK 73050, USA;
| | - Adugna Tolera
- School of Animal and Range Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa P.O. Box 05, Ethiopia;
| | - Ryszard Puchala
- American Institute for Goat Research, Langston University, Langston, OK 73050, USA;
- Military Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Kozielska 4, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Amlan Kumar Patra
- American Institute for Goat Research, Langston University, Langston, OK 73050, USA;
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Patra AK, dos Santos Ribeiro LP, Yirga H, Sonibare AO, Askar AR, Hussein AH, Puchala R, Goetsch AL. Effects of the concentration and nature of total dissolved solids in drinking water on feed intake, nutrient digestion, energy balance, methane emission, ruminal fermentation, and blood constituents in different breeds of young goats and hair sheep. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 16:84-95. [PMID: 38333574 PMCID: PMC10851211 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Understanding how different livestock species and breeds respond to consumption of brackish water could improve usage of this resource. Therefore, Angora, Boer, and Spanish goat doelings and Dorper, Katahdin, and St. Croix ewe lambs (6 animals per animal type [AT]; initial age = 296 ± 2.1 days) consuming water with varying concentrations of minerals of a natural brackish water source (BR) and sodium chloride (NaCl; SL) were used to determine effects on water and feed intake, nutrient digestion, heat energy, methane emission, ruminal fluid conditions, and blood constituent concentrations. There were 6 simultaneous 6 (water treatments [WT]) × 6 (AT) Latin squares with 3-wk periods. The WT were fresh (FR), BR alone (100-BR), a similar total dissolved solids (TDS) concentration as 100-BR via NaCl addition to FR (100-SL), BR with concentrations of all minerals increased by approximately 50% (150-BR), a similar TDS level as 150-BR by NaCl addition to FR (150-SL), and a similar 150 TDS level achieved by addition of a 1:1 mixture of BR minerals and NaCl to 100-BR (150-BR/SL). Concentrations (mg/kg) in BR were 4928 TDS, 85.9 bicarbonate, 224.9 calcium, 1175 chloride, 60.5 magnesium, 4.59 potassium, 1387 sodium, 1962 sulfate, and 8.3 boron, and TDS in other WT were 209, 5684, 7508, 8309, and 7319 mg/kg for FR, 100-SL, 150-BR, 150-SL, and 150-BR/SL, respectively. There were very few significant effects of WT or AT × WT interactions, although AT had numerous effects. Water intake was affected by AT (P = 0.02) and WT (P = 0.04), with greater water intake for 150-SL than for FR, 100-BR, 100-SL, and 150-BR. Dry matter intake among AT was lowest (P < 0.05) for Angora. Digestion of organic matter and neutral detergent fiber and heat energy differed among AT (P < 0.05), but nitrogen digestion and ruminal methane emission were similar among AT. Blood aldosterone concentration was higher (P < 0.05) for FR than for other WT. In conclusion, all AT seemed resilient to these WT regardless of mineral source and concentrations, with TDS less than 8300 mg/kg, which did not influence nutrient utilization, ruminal fermentation, energy balance, or blood constituent levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amlan Kumar Patra
- American Institute for Goat Research, Langston University, Langston, Oklahoma, 73050, USA
| | | | - Hirut Yirga
- American Institute for Goat Research, Langston University, Langston, Oklahoma, 73050, USA
| | - Adekayode O. Sonibare
- American Institute for Goat Research, Langston University, Langston, Oklahoma, 73050, USA
| | - Ahmed R. Askar
- Animal and Poultry Nutrition Department, Desert Research Center, El-Matareya, Cairo, 11753, Egypt
| | - Ali H. Hussein
- Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, Eastern New Mexico University, Portales, New Mexico, 88130, USA
| | - Ryszard Puchala
- American Institute for Goat Research, Langston University, Langston, Oklahoma, 73050, USA
| | - Arthur Louis Goetsch
- American Institute for Goat Research, Langston University, Langston, Oklahoma, 73050, USA
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Das PK, Mukherjee J, Banerjee D, Ghosh PR, Samanta I, Jas R, Patra AK. Growth, haemato-biochemical, hormonal and disease characteristics in Black Bengal goats: a review. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:52. [PMID: 38253786 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-03898-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The goats have been considered one of the noteworthy animals to provide food security and could promote socio-economic upliftment under challenging climatic scenarios in the coming decades, particularly in the tropics. Black Bengal goat (BBG) is one of the recognised native meat-type breeds of hot-humid tropics with distinguished characteristics, including superior-quality meat, excellent skin and high prolificacy. Smaller body mass, lower metabolic rate and efficient utilisation of high-fibre forages enable BBG to adapt to a wide range of harsh climates in the tropics. The BBG can maintain physiological homeostasis efficiently in terms of electrolyte profile, endocrine functions and haemato-biochemical traits in different life phases, including the gestation period, even in high-saline coastal areas of hot-humid tropics. Crossbreeding to improve its growth rate has been attempted, but the prolificacy has been decayed. This review is intended to attract global attention to the adaptive potentialities of Black Bengal goats in terms of growth and production, haemato-biochemical, endocrinological, salt tolerance and disease characteristics that could be an asset of climate-resilient agricultural farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradip Kumar Das
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, 700037, West Bengal, India.
| | - Joydip Mukherjee
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, 700037, West Bengal, India
| | - Dipak Banerjee
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, 700037, West Bengal, India
| | - Prabal Ranjan Ghosh
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, 700037, West Bengal, India
| | - Indranil Samanta
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, 700037, West Bengal, India
| | - Ruma Jas
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, 700037, West Bengal, India
| | - Amlan Kumar Patra
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, West Bengal University of Animal and Fishery Sciences, Kolkata, 700037, West Bengal, India
- American Institute for Goat Research, Langston University, Langston, Oklahoma, 73050, USA
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