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Maleki A, Aboubakri O, Rezaee R, Alahmad B, Sera F. Seasonal variation of Covid-19 incidence and role of land surface and air temperatures: a case study in the west of Iran. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2024; 34:1342-1354. [PMID: 36998230 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2023.2196057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
.In this study, we assessed the impact of satellite-based Land Surface Temperature (LST) and Air Temperature (AT) on covid-19. First, we spatio-temporally kriged the LST and applied bias correction. The epidemic shape, timing, and size were compared after and before adjusting for the predictors. Given the non-linear behavior of a pandemic, a semi-parametric regression model was used. In addition, the interaction effect between the predictors and season was assessed. Before adjusting for the predictors, the peak happened at the end of hot season. After adjusting, it was attenuated and slightly moved forward. Moreover, the Attributable Fraction (AF) and Peak to Trough Relative (PTR) were % 23 (95% CI; 15, 32) and 1.62 (95%CI; 1.34, 1.97), respectively. We found that temperature might have changed the seasonal variation of covid-19. However, given the large uncertainty after adjusting for the variables, it was hard to provide conclusive evidence in the region we studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afshin Maleki
- Green Technology and Sustainable Development in Construction Research Group, School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Environment, School of Engineering and Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Omid Aboubakri
- Environmental Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Reza Rezaee
- Environmental Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Barrak Alahmad
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Environmental and Occupational Health Department, College of Public Health, Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait
| | - Francesco Sera
- Department of Public Health, Environments and Society, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, University of London, London, UK
- Department of Statistics, Computer Science and Applications 'G.Parenti', University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Yilmaz S, Menteş Y, Angin SN, Qaid A. Impact of the COVID-19 outbreak on urban air, Land surface temperature and air pollution in cold climate zones. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 237:116887. [PMID: 37611782 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to analyze air pollution and thermal environment in Turkey's cold region before, during, and after COVID-19 in 2019, 2020 and 2021. The CO, NO2, O3, PM10 and SO2 data from the state air quality stations, as well as ground air temperature data from six weather stations, and land satellite images from the USGS website using ArcGIS 10.4.1 software were collected in January, March, April and August of 2019, 2020 an 2021. In order to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 measures and restrictions on cold region cities, air pollution indicators, land surface temperature and air temperature as well as statistical data were analyzed. The results indicated that the CO, NO2, PM10 and SO2 emissions decreased by 14.9%, 14.3%, 47.1% and 28.5%, but O3 increased by 16.9%, respectively, during the COVID-19 lockdown in 2020 as compared to these of the pre-COVID-19 levels in 2019. A positive correlation between air temperature and O3 in 2019 (r2 = 0.80), and in 2020 and 2021 (r2 = 0.64) was obtained. Air temperature in 2020 and 2021 decreased due to lockdowns and quarantine measures that led to lower O3 emissions as compared to 2019. Negative correlations were also found between air temperature and NO2 (r2 = 0.60) and SO2 (r2 = 0.5). There was no correlation between air temperature and PM10. During the COVID-19 lockdown and intense restrictions in April 2020, the average LST and air temperature values dropped by 14.7 °C and 1.6 °C respectively, compared to April 2019. These findings may be beneficial for future urban planning, particularly in cold regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevgi Yilmaz
- Atatürk University, Faculty of Architecture and Design, Department of Landscape Architecture, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey.
| | - Yaşar Menteş
- Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Elazığ Provincial Directorate of Agriculture and Forestry, Elazığ - PhD Candidate, Atatürk University, Faculty of Architecture and Design Department of Landscape Architecture Affiliation, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Sena Nur Angin
- , Atatürk University, Faculty of Architecture and Design, Department of Landscape Architecture, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Adeb Qaid
- Department of Architecture Engineering, Kingdom University, Riffa, Bahrain.
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Qiang C, Leydon J, He Y. Impact of COVID-19 Restrictions on the Urban Thermal Environment of Edmonton, Canada. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 72:862-882. [PMID: 36995379 PMCID: PMC10060929 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-023-01813-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on urban environments are addressed in many recent studies. However, limited research has been conducted to examine the impact of the pandemic on anthropogenic emissions over urban land use types, and their relation to socioeconomic characteristics. Anthropogenic heat, as the main contributor to the urban temperature, is changed by the sudden halt imposed by COVID-19 lockdowns. This study thus focuses on previously under-explored urban thermal environments by quantifying the impact of COVID-19 on urban thermal environments across different land-use types and related socioeconomic drivers in Edmonton, Canada. Using Landsat images, we quantified and mapped the spatial pattern of land surface temperature (LST) for business, industrial, and residential land use areas during both the pandemic lockdown and pre-pandemic periods in the study area. Results show that temperature declined in business and industrial areas and increased in residential areas during the pandemic lockdown. Canadian census and housing price data were then used to identify the potential drivers behind the LST anomaly of residential land use. The most important variables that affected LST during the lockdown were found to be median housing price, visible minority population, postsecondary degree, and median income. This study adds to the expanding body of literature about the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic by providing unique insights into the effect of lockdown on a city's thermal environments across different land use types and highlights critical issues of socioeconomic inequalities, which is useful for future heat mitigating and health equity-informed responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyne Qiang
- Department of Geography, Geomatics and Environment, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Joseph Leydon
- Department of Geography, Geomatics and Environment, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Yuhong He
- Department of Geography, Geomatics and Environment, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada.
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Kikon N, Kumar D, Ahmed SA. Quantitative assessment of land surface temperature and vegetation indices on a kilometer grid scale. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:107236-107258. [PMID: 37160519 PMCID: PMC10169178 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27418-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Due to expanding populations and thriving economies, studies into the built environment's thermal characteristics have increased. This research tracks and predicts how land use and land cover (LULC) changes may affect ground temperatures, urban heat islands, and city thermal fields (UTFVI). The current study examines land surface temperature (LST), urban thermal field variance index (UTFVI), normalized difference built-up index (NDBI), normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and land use land cover (LULC) on a kilometer scale. According to the comparative study, the mean LST decreases by 3 °C and the NDVI increases considerably. Correlation analysis showed that LST and NDVI are inversely connected, while LST and NDBI are positively correlated. NDVI and NDBI have a strong negative association, while LST and UTFVI have a positive correlation. Urban planners and environmentalists can study the LST's effects on land surface parameters in different environmental contexts during the lockout period. The urban heat island (UHI) phenomenon, in which the land surface qualities of an urban region cause a change in the urban thermal environment, forms and intensifies over an urban area. The minimum and maximum LST in grid number 1 in 2009 was 20.30 °C and 29.91 °C, respectively, with a mean LST of 25.1 °C. There was a decline in the minimum and maximum LST in grid number 1 in 2020 with a minimum and maximum LST of 17.31 °C and 25.35 °C, respectively, with a mean LST of 21.33 °C. There was a 3.8 °C drop in the LST of this grid. The minimum and maximum NDVI were also - 0.16 and 0.59, respectively, with an average NDVI value of 0.21. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate and foresee the impact of LULC change on the thermal environment and examines the connection between LULC shifts with subsequent changes in land surface temperature (LST) along with the UHI phenomenon. Maps of the UTFVI reveal positive UHI phenomena, with the highest UTFVI zones occurring over the developed area and none over the adjacent rural territory. During the summer months, the urban area with the strongest UTFVI zone grows noticeably larger than it does during the winter months during the forecasted years. Future policymakers and city planners can mitigate the effects of heat stress and create more sustainable urban environments by evaluating the expected distribution maps of LULC, LST, UHI, and UTFVI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noyingbeni Kikon
- Amity Institute of Geoinformatics & Remote Sensing (AIGIRS), Amity University Uttar Pradesh (AUUP), Sector-125 (Gautam Buddha Nagar), Noida, 201313 Uttar Pradesh India
- Present Address: Emergency Response & Communication Cell, Nagaland State Disaster Management Authority (NSDMA), Home Department, Nagaland Civil Secretariat, Government of Nagaland, Nagaland 797001 Kohima, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Amity Institute of Geoinformatics & Remote Sensing (AIGIRS), Amity University Uttar Pradesh (AUUP), Sector-125 (Gautam Buddha Nagar), Noida, 201313 Uttar Pradesh India
- Center of Excellence in Weather and Climate Analytics, Atmospheric Sciences Research Center (ASRC), University at Albany (UAlbany), State University of New York (SUNY), Albany, NY 12226 USA
| | - Syed Ashfaq Ahmed
- Department of Applied Geology, Kuvempu University, Shankaraghatta, 577 45 Karnataka India
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Meng Q, Qian J, Schlink U, Zhang L, Hu X, Gao J, Wang Q. Anthropogenic heat variation during the COVID-19 pandemic control measures in four Chinese megacities. REMOTE SENSING OF ENVIRONMENT 2023; 293:113602. [PMID: 37159819 PMCID: PMC10130332 DOI: 10.1016/j.rse.2023.113602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Anthropogenic heat (AH) is an important input for the urban thermal environment. While reduction in AH during the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may have weakened urban heat islands (UHI), quantitative assessments on this are lacking. Here, a new AH estimation method based on a remote sensing surface energy balance (RS-SEB) without hysteresis from heat storage was proposed to clarify the effects of COVID-19 control measures on AH. To weaken the impact of shadows, a simple and novel calibration method was developed to estimate the SEB in multiple regions and periods. To overcome the hysteresis of AH caused by heat storage, RS-SEB was combined with an inventory-based model and thermal stability analysis framework. The resulting AH was consistent with the latest global AH dataset and had a much higher spatial resolution, providing objective and refined features of human activities during the pandemic. Our study of four Chinese megacities (Wuhan, Shanghai, Beijing, and Guangzhou) indicated that COVID-19 control measures severely restricted human activities and notably reduced AH. The reduction was up to 50% in Wuhan during the lockdown in February 2020 and gradually decreased after the lockdown was eased in April 2020, similar to that in Shanghai during the Level 1 pandemic response. In contrast, AH was less reduced in Guangzhou during the same period and increased in Beijing owing to extended central heating use in winter. AH decreased more in urban centers and the change in AH varied in terms of urban land use between cities and periods. Although UHI changes during the COVID-19 pandemic cannot be entirely attributed to AH changes, the considerable reduction in AH is an important feature accompanying the weakening of the UHI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyan Meng
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Earth Observation of Hainan Province, Hainan Aerospace Information Research Institute, Sanya 572029, China
| | - Jiangkang Qian
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Uwe Schlink
- Department of Urban and Environmental Sociology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig D-04318, Germany
| | - Linlin Zhang
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Earth Observation of Hainan Province, Hainan Aerospace Information Research Institute, Sanya 572029, China
| | - Xinli Hu
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Key Laboratory of Earth Observation of Hainan Province, Hainan Aerospace Information Research Institute, Sanya 572029, China
| | - Jianfeng Gao
- Aerospace Information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qiao Wang
- Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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Wang W, He BJ. Co-occurrence of urban heat and the COVID-19: Impacts, drivers, methods, and implications for the post-pandemic era. SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY 2023; 90:104387. [PMID: 36597490 PMCID: PMC9801697 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2022.104387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Cities, the main place of human settlements, are under various mega challenges such as climate change, population increase, economic growth, urbanization, and pandemic diseases, and such challenges are mostly interlinked. Urban heat, due to heatwaves and heat islands, is the combined effect of climate change and urbanization. The COVID-19 is found to be a critical intervention of urban heat. However, the interrelationship between COVID-19 and urban heat has not been fully understood, constraining urban planning and design actions for improving the resilience to the dual impacts of heat and the pandemic. To close this research gap, this paper conducted a review on the co-occurrence of urban heat and the COVID-19 pandemic for a better understanding of their synergies, conflicts or trade-offs. The research involves a systematic review of urban temperature anomalies, variations in air pollutant concentrations, unbalanced energy development, and thermal health risks during the pandemic lockdown. In addition, this paper further explored data sources and analytical methods adopted to screen and identify the interventions of COVID-19 to urban heat. Overall, this paper is of significance for understanding the impact of COVID-19 on urban heat and provides a reference for coping with urban heat and the pandemic simultaneously. The world is witnessing the co-existence of heat and the pandemic, even in the post-pandemic era. This study can enlighten city managers, planners, the public, and researchers to collaborate for constructing a robust and resilient urban system for dealing with more than one challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Centre for Climate-Resilient and Low-Carbon Cities, School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
- Institute for Smart City of Chongqing University in Liyang, Chongqing University, Liyang, 213300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bao-Jie He
- Centre for Climate-Resilient and Low-Carbon Cities, School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
- Institute for Smart City of Chongqing University in Liyang, Chongqing University, Liyang, 213300, Jiangsu, China
- Key Laboratory of New Technology for Construction of Cities in Mountain Area, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
- State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Building Science, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510641, China
- Network for Education and Research on Peace and Sustainability (NERPS), Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 739-8530, Japan
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Ahmed G, Zan M. Impact of COVID-19 restrictions on air quality and surface urban heat island effect within the main urban area of Urumqi, China. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:16333-16345. [PMID: 36180804 PMCID: PMC9525227 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23159-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The outbreak of coronavirus in 2019 (COVID-19) posed a serious global threat. However, the reduction in man-made pollutants during COVID-19 restrictions did improve the ecological environment of cities. Using multi-source remote sensing data, this study explored the spatiotemporal variations in air pollutant concentrations during the epidemic prevention and control period in Urumqi and quantitatively analyzed the impact of different air pollutants on the surface urban heat island intensity (SUHII) within the study area. Urumqi, located in the hinterland of the Eurasian continent, northwest of China, in the central and northern part of Xinjiang was selected as the study area. The results showed that during COVID-19 restrictions, concentrations of air pollutants decreased in the main urban area of Urumqi, and air quality improved. The most evident decrease in NO2 concentration, by 77 ± 1.05% and 15 ± 0.98%, occurred in the middle of the first (January 25 to March 20, 2020) and second (July 21 to September 1, 2020) COVID-19 restriction periods, respectively, compared with the corresponding period in 2019. Air pollutant concentrations and the SUHIIs were significantly and positively correlated, and NO2 exhibited the strongest correlation with the SUHIIs. We revealed that variations in the air quality characteristics and thermal environment were observed in the study area during the COVID-19 restrictions, and their quantitative relationship provides a theoretical basis and reference value for improving the air and ecological environment quality within the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gulbakram Ahmed
- Department of Geography and Tourism, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, 830054 China
- Xinjiang Laboratory of Lake Environment and Resources in Arid Zone, Urumqi, 830054 China
| | - Mei Zan
- Department of Geography and Tourism, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, 830054 China
- Xinjiang Laboratory of Lake Environment and Resources in Arid Zone, Urumqi, 830054 China
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Xu K, Liu Y, Li F, Li C, Zhang C, Zhang H, Liu X, Li Q, Xiong M. A retrospect of ozone formation mechanisms during the COVID-19 lockdown: The potential role of isoprene. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 317:120728. [PMID: 36427823 PMCID: PMC9679402 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Wuhan took strict measures to prevent the spread of COVID-19 from January 26 to April 7 in 2020. The lockdown reduced the concentrations of atmospheric pollutants, except ozone (O3). To investigate the increase in O3 during the lockdown, trace gas pollutants were collected. The initial concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were calculated based on a photochemical ratio method, and the ozone formation potential (OFP) was obtained using the initial and measured VOC concentrations. The O3 formation regime was NOX-limited based on the VOCs/NOX diurnal ratios during the lockdown period. The reduced nitric oxide (NO) concentrations and lower wind speed (WS) could explain the night-time O3 accumulation. The initial total VOCs (TVOCs) during the lockdown were 47.6 ± 2.9 ppbv, and alkenes contributed 48.1%. The photochemical loss amounts of alkenes were an order of magnitude higher than those of alkenes in the same period in 2019 and increased from 16.6 to 28.0 ppbv in the daytime. The higher initial alkene concentrations sustained higher OFP during the lockdown, reaching between 252.4 and 504.4 ppbv. The initial isoprene contributed approximately 35.0-55.0% to the total OFP and had a positive correlation with the increasing O3 concentrations. Approximately 75.5% of the temperatures were concentrated in the range of 5 and 20 °C, which were higher than those in 2019. In addition to stronger solar radiation, the higher temperatures induced higher isoprene emission rates, partially accounting for the higher isoprene concentrations. Lower isoprene-emitting trees should be considered for future urban vegetation to control O3 episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yafei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Feng Li
- Jining Ecological Environment Monitoring Center, Jining, 272000, China
| | - Chenlu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Huan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xingang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Environment Simulation, School of Environment, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
| | - Qijie Li
- Wuhan Municipality Environmental Monitoring Center, Wuhan, 430015, China
| | - Min Xiong
- Chongqing University, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing, 400030, China
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Mohanasundaram S, Baghel T, Thakur V, Udmale P, Shrestha S. Reconstructing NDVI and land surface temperature for cloud cover pixels of Landsat-8 images for assessing vegetation health index in the Northeast region of Thailand. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2022; 195:211. [PMID: 36534216 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10802-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Critical applications of satellite data products include monitoring vegetation dynamics and assessing vegetation health conditions. Some indicators like normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and land surface temperature (LST) are used to assess the status of vegetation growth and health. But one of the major problems with passive remote sensing satellite data products is cloud and shadow cover that leads to data gaps in the images. The present study proposes temporal aggregation of images over a short time span and developing short span harmonic analysis of time series (SS-HANTS) and pixel-wise multiple linear regression (PMLR) algorithms for retrieving cloud contaminated NDVI and LST information from Landsat-8 (L8) data products, respectively. The developed algorithms were applied in the northeastern part of Thailand to recover the missing NDVI and LST values from time series L8 images acquired in 2018. The predicted NDVI and LST values at artificially clouded locations were compared with the corresponding clear pixel values. Additionally, the model predicted LST and NDVI values were also compared with MODIS LST and NDVI datasets. The calculated root mean square (RMSE) values were ranging from 0.03 to 0.11 and 1.50 to 2.98 °C for NDVI and LST variables, respectively. The validation statistics show that these models can be satisfactorily applied to retrieve NDVI and LST values from cloud-contaminated pixels of L8 images. Furthermore, a vegetation health index (VHI) computed from cloud retrieved continuous NDVI and LST images at province level shows that most of the western provinces have healthy vegetation condition than other provinces in the northeast of Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mohanasundaram
- Water Engineering and Management, Asian Institute of Technology, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Triambak Baghel
- Water Engineering and Management, Asian Institute of Technology, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Vishal Thakur
- Water Engineering and Management, Asian Institute of Technology, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Parmeshwar Udmale
- Centre for Technology Alternatives for Rural Areas (CTARA), Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai, 400 076, India
| | - Sangam Shrestha
- Water Engineering and Management, Asian Institute of Technology, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
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Investigating the impacts of COVID-19 lockdown on air quality, surface Urban Heat Island, air temperature and lighting energy consumption in City of Melbourne. ENERGY STRATEGY REVIEWS 2022; 44:100963. [PMCID: PMC9452421 DOI: 10.1016/j.esr.2022.100963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has threatened city economies and residents' public health and quality of life. Similar to most cities, Melbourne imposed extreme preventive lockdown measures to address this situation. It would be reasonable to assume that during the two phases of lockdowns, in autumn (March) and winter (June to August) 2020, air quality parameters, air temperature, Surface Urban Heat Island (SUHI), and lighting energy consumption most likely increased. As such, to test this assumption, Sentinel 5, ERA-5 LAND, Sentinel 1 and 2, NASA SRTM, MODIS Aqua and Terra, and VIIRS satellite imageries are utilized to investigate the alterations of NO₂, SO₂, CO, UV Aerosol Index (UAI), air temperature, SUHI, and lighting energy consumption factors in the City of Melbourne. Furthermore, satellite imageries of SentiThe results indicate that the change rates of NO₂ (1.17 mol/m2) and CO (1.64 mol/m2) factors were positive. Further, the nighttime SUHI values increased by approximately 0.417 °C during the winter phase of the lockdown, while during the summer phase of the lockdown, the largest negative change rate was in NO₂ (−100.40 mol/m2). By contrast, the largest positive change rate was in SO₂ and SUHI at night. The SO₂ values increased from very low to 330 μm mol/m2, and the SUHI nighttime values increased by approximately 4.8 °C. From the spatial point of view, this study also shows how the effects on such parameters shifted based on the urban form and land types across the City of Melbourne by using satellite data as a significant resource to analyze the spatial coverage of these factors. The findings of this study demonstrate how air quality factors, SUHI, air temperature, and lighting energy consumption changed from pre-lockdown (2019) to lockdown (2020), offering valuable insights regarding practices for managing SUHI, lighting energy consumption, and air pollution.
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de Oliveira MEG, da Silva MV, de Almeida GLP, Pandorfi H, Oliveira Lopes PM, Manrique DRC, Dos Santos A, Jardim AMDRF, Giongo PR, Montenegro AADA, da Silva Junior CA, de Oliveira-Júnior JF. Investigation of pre and post environmental impact of the lockdown (COVID-19) on the water quality of the Capibaribe and Tejipió rivers, Recife metropolitan region, Brazil. JOURNAL OF SOUTH AMERICAN EARTH SCIENCES 2022; 118:103965. [PMID: 35991356 PMCID: PMC9375646 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsames.2022.103965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The coronavirus pandemic has seriously affected human health, although some improvements on environmental indexes have temporarily occurred, due to changes on socio-cultural and economic standards. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impacts of the coronavirus and the influence of the lockdown associated with rainfall on the water quality of the Capibaribe and Tejipió rivers, Recife, Northeast Brazil, using cloud remote sensing on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform. The study was carried out based on eight representative images from Sentinel-2. Among the selected images, two refer to the year 2019 (before the pandemic), three refer to 2020 (during a pandemic), two from the lockdown period (2020), and one for the year 2021. The land use and land cover (LULC) and slope of the study region were determined and classified. Water turbidity data were subjected to descriptive and multivariate statistics. When analyzing the data on LULC for the riparian margin of the Capibaribe and Tejipió rivers, a low permanent preservation area was found, with a predominance of almost 100% of the urban area to which the deposition of soil particles in rivers are minimal. The results indicated that turbidity values in the water bodies varied from 6 mg. L-1 up to 40 mg. L-1. Overall, the reduction in human-based activities generated by the lockdown enabled improvements in water quality of these urban rivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eduarda Gonçalves de Oliveira
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Marcos Vinícius da Silva
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Gledson Luiz Pontes de Almeida
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Héliton Pandorfi
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Pabricio Marcos Oliveira Lopes
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
- Department of Agronomy, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Dom Manoel de Medeiros Avenue, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, CEP: 52171-900, Brazil
| | - Diego Rosyur Castro Manrique
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Anderson Dos Santos
- Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Department of Agricultural Engineering, Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Pedro Rogerio Giongo
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, State University of Goiás, Via Protestato Joaquim Bueno, 945, Perímetro Urbano, 75920-000, Santa Helena de Goiás, Goiás, Brazil
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Seasonal Differences in Land Surface Temperature under Different Land Use/Land Cover Types from the Perspective of Different Climate Zones. LAND 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/land11081122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The process of urbanization is accelerating, and land surface temperature (LST) is increasing, seriously threatening human health. Therefore, it is crucial to explore the differences in LST of different land use/land cover (LULC) types. Using MOD11A2 and MCD12Q1 data, this study explored the seasonal differences in LST of each LULC type from the perspective of different climate zones. The results showed that the maximum and minimum LSTs during the day were higher than those at night. During the day, the LSTs of urban and built-up and barren lands were higher than those of forests, grasslands, and water bodies; at night, the LSTs of urban and built-up lands decreased but remained high, while barren lands showed a significant decrease to LSTs even lower than those of water bodies. In addition, the difference in daytime LST of the LU16 type (barren lands) in different climatic zones was the most obvious and was much higher than that of other LULC types in the middle temperate and south temperate zones, but much lower than those in the middle subtropical and north subtropical zones. This comparison of the LST differences of each LULC type under different climate backgrounds provides an important reference for rational urban planning.
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13
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Aboubakri O, Ballester J, Shoraka HR, Karamoozian A, Golchini E. Ambient temperature and Covid-19 transmission: An evidence from a region of Iran based on weather station and satellite data. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 209:112887. [PMID: 35134377 PMCID: PMC8817761 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.112887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The SARS-CoV-2 virus pandemic is primarily transmitted by direct contact between infected and uninfected people, though, there are still many unknown factors influencing the survival and transmission of the virus. Air temperature is one of the main susceptible factors. This study aimed to explore the impact of air and land surface temperatures on Covid-19 transmission in a region of Iran. METHOD Daily Land Surface Temperature (LST) measured by satellite and Air Temperature measured by weather station were used as the predictors of Covid-19 transmission. The data were obtained from February 2020 to April 2021. Spatio-temporal kriging was used in order to predict LST in some days in which no image was recorded by the satellite. The validity of the predicted values was assessed by Bland-Altman technique. The impact of the predictors was analyzed by Distributed Lag Non-linear Model (DLNM). In addition to main effect of temperature, its linear as well as non-linear interaction effect with relative humidity were considered using Generalized Additive Model (GAM) and a bivariate response surface model. Sensitivity analyses were done to select models' parameters, autocorrelation model and function of associations. RESULTS The dose-response curve revealed that the impact of both predictors was not obvious, though, the risk of transmission tended to be positive due to low values of temperatures. Although the linear interaction effect was not statistically significant, but joint patterns showed that the impact of both LST and AT tended to be different when humidity values were changed. CONCLUSION However the findings suggested that both LST and AT were not statistically important predictors, but they tended to predict the Covid-19 transmission in some lags. Because of local based evidence, the wide confidence intervals and then non-significant values should be cautiously interpreted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Aboubakri
- Environmental Health Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Joan Ballester
- Climate and Health Program (CLIMA), Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Hamid Reza Shoraka
- Department of Public Health, Esfarayen Faculty of Medical Science, Esfarayen, Iran; Vector-Borne Diseases Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, North Khorasan, Iran
| | - Ali Karamoozian
- Modeling in Health Research Center, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Islamic Republic of Iran; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Islamic Republic of Iran
| | - Ehsan Golchini
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
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Francis D, Fonseca R, Nelli N, Teixido O, Mohamed R, Perry R. Increased Shamal winds and dust activity over the Arabian Peninsula during the COVID-19 lockdown period in 2020. AEOLIAN RESEARCH 2022; 55:100786. [PMID: 35251380 PMCID: PMC8883805 DOI: 10.1016/j.aeolia.2022.100786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
While anthropogenic pollutants have decreased during the lockdown imposed as an effort to contain the spread of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), changes in particulate matter (PM) do not necessarily exhibit the same tendency. This is the case for the eastern Arabian Peninsula, where in March-June 2020, and with respect to the same period in 2016-2019, a 30 % increase in PM concentration is observed. A stronger than normal nocturnal low-level jet and subtropical jet over parts of Saudi Arabia, in response to anomalous convection over the tropical Indian Ocean, promoted enhanced and more frequent episodes of Shamal winds over the Arabian Peninsula. Increased surface winds associated with the downward mixing of momentum to the surface fostered, in turn, dust lifting and increased PM concentrations. The stronger low-level winds also favoured long-range transport of aerosols, changing the PM values downstream. The competing effects of reduced anthropogenic and increased dust concentrations leave a small positive signal (<5 W m-2) in the net surface radiation flux (Rnet), with the former dominating during daytime and the latter at night. However, in parts of the Arabian Gulf, Sea of Oman and Iran Rnet increased by >20 W m-2 with respect to the baseline period, owing to a clearer environment and weaker winds. It is concluded that a reduction in anthropogenic emissions due to the lockdown does not necessarily go hand in hand with lower particulate matter concentrations. Therefore, emissions reduction strategies need to account for feedback effects in order to reach the planned long-term outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Francis
- Environmental and Geophysical Sciences (ENGEOS) Lab, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ricardo Fonseca
- Environmental and Geophysical Sciences (ENGEOS) Lab, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Narendra Nelli
- Environmental and Geophysical Sciences (ENGEOS) Lab, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, P. O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Oriol Teixido
- Environment Agency - Abu Dhabi (EAD), P.O Box 45553, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ruqaya Mohamed
- Environment Agency - Abu Dhabi (EAD), P.O Box 45553, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Richard Perry
- Environment Agency - Abu Dhabi (EAD), P.O Box 45553, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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15
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Zhou Y, Feng L, Zhang X, Wang Y, Wang S, Wu T. Spatiotemporal patterns of the COVID-19 control measures impact on industrial production in Wuhan using time-series earth observation data. SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND SOCIETY 2021; 75:103388. [PMID: 34608429 PMCID: PMC8482229 DOI: 10.1016/j.scs.2021.103388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the spatiotemporal patterns of the COVID-19 impact on industrial production could improve the estimation of the economic loss and sustainable work resumption policies in cities. In this study, assuming and checking a correlation between the land surface temperature (LST) and industrial production, we applied the BFAST algorithm and linear regression models on multi-temporal MODIS data to derive monthly time-series deviation of LST with a spatial resolution of 1 × 1 km, to quantificationally explore the fine-scale spatiotemporal patterns of the COVID-19 control measures impact on industrial production, within Wuhan city. The results demonstrate that (1) the trend of time-series LST could partly reflect the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on industrial production, and the year-around industrial production was less than expectations, with a fall of 14.30%; (2) the most serious COVID-19 impact on industrial production appeared in Mar. and Apr., then, after the lifting of lockdown, some regions (approximate 4.90%) firstly returned to expected levels in Jun, and almost all regions (98.49%) have completed the resumption of work and production before Nov.; (3) the southwest and south-central had more serious impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, approximate twice as much as that in the north and suburban, in Wuhan. The results and findings elaborated the spatiotemporal distribution and their changes during 2020 within Wuhan, which could provide a beneficial support for assessment of the COVID-19 pandemic and implementation of resumption plans for sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya'nan Zhou
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Address: No. 1, Xikang Road, Nanjing 210010, China
| | - Li Feng
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Address: No. 1, Xikang Road, Nanjing 210010, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Aerospace information Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yan Wang
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Address: No. 1, Xikang Road, Nanjing 210010, China
| | - Shunying Wang
- College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Address: No. 1, Xikang Road, Nanjing 210010, China
| | - Tianjun Wu
- School of Science, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710064, China
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