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Adnani L, Meehan B, Kim M, Choi D, Rudd CE, Riazalhosseini Y, Rak J. Immune cell infiltration into brain tumor microenvironment is mediated by Rab27-regulated vascular wall integrity. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2025; 11:eadr6940. [PMID: 40408475 PMCID: PMC12101492 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adr6940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2025] [Indexed: 05/25/2025]
Abstract
Aggressive brain tumors often exhibit immunologically 'cold' microenvironment, where the vascular barrier impedes effective immunotherapy in poorly understood ways. Tumor vasculature also plays a pivotal role in immunoregulation and antitumor immunity. Here, we show that small GTPase Rab27 controls the vascular morphogenesis and permeability for blood content and immune effectors. Thus, in Rab27a/b double knock out (Rab27-dKO) mice, the brain vasculature is abnormally scarce, while the blood vessels become dysmorphic and hyperpermeable in the context of brain tumors, including syngeneic glioblastoma. These defects are reflected in rearrangements of endothelial cell subpopulations with underlying diminution of venous endothelial subtype along with changes in gene and protein expression. Notably, Rab27-dKO brain endothelial cells exhibit deficient tight junctions, whereby they enable large-scale extravasation of cytotoxic T cells into the tumor mass. We show that Rab27-regulated vascular T cell infiltration can be exploited to enhance adoptive T cell therapy in syngeneic brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lata Adnani
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Brian Meehan
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Minjun Kim
- Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Institute of Genomic Medicine at McGill University. McGill University Department of Human Genetics, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Dongsic Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam 31151, Republic of Korea
| | - Christopher E. Rudd
- Division of Immunology-Oncology Research Center, Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital, Montreal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada
- Département de Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
- Centre for Translational Research in Cancer, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yasser Riazalhosseini
- Victor Phillip Dahdaleh Institute of Genomic Medicine at McGill University. McGill University Department of Human Genetics, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Janusz Rak
- Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada
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2
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Mohammed KH, Arif SH, Adam LN, Al-Habib OAM. Potassium channels mediate nitric oxide-induced vasorelaxation in arteries supplying colon cancer. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2025; 176:106937. [PMID: 39653273 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2024.106937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2024] [Revised: 11/20/2024] [Accepted: 12/06/2024] [Indexed: 12/14/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Aberrant vascular function and cancer growth are closely related, with nitric oxide (NO) being a key factor in vascular tone regulation. This study provides Novel insights into the distinctive mechanisms underlying cancer-associated vascular dysfunction by investigating the involvement of potassium (K+) channels in NO-mediated vasorelaxation within arteries supplying colon cancer. METHODS Arterial segments from colon cancer patients were isolated and sectioned into rings, these rings were mounted in an organ bath filled with Krebs' solution and maintained at 37°C. Isometric tension recordings were obtained using a force transducer connected to a PowerLab Data Acquisition System. Arterial segments were pre-incubated with a variety of K+ channel blockers, both individually and in combination, including glibenclamide (GLIB), barium chloride (BaCl2), tetraethylammonium (TEA), and 4-aminopyridine (4-AP). Concentration-response curves were designed to evaluate how K+ channel blocking affected the vasodilation caused by NO. RESULTS Sodium nitroprusside (SNP) induced vasorelaxation in arterial rings from colon cancer, influenced by specific K+ channels. Pre-incubation with TEA significantly reduced Emax to 60.22 ± 8.14 %, compared to 124.91 ± 15.07 % in controls, while GLIB decreased Emax to 113.10 ± 3.87 %. BaCl2 and 4-AP further diminished relaxation, and combined K+ channel blockers showed complex, non-additive effects. Distinct contributions of KCa and KV channels to NO-induced vasodilation were elucidated. Additionally, interaction between NO and L-type calcium (Ca2+) channels suggested a novel vasorelaxation mechanism in cancerous tissues. CONCLUSION This research offers new perspectives on the intricate relationship between vascular biology and cancer development, emphasizing the promise of targeting potassium channels to address vascular abnormalities in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamaran H Mohammed
- Department of Veterinary, Shaqlawa Technical College, Erbil Polytechnic University, Erbil, Iraq
| | - Sardar H Arif
- Department of Surgery, Medical College, University of Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
| | - Lina N Adam
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Zakho, Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
| | - Omar A M Al-Habib
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Zakho, Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq; Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Nawroz, Duhok, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
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Li J, Zhou W, Wang H, Huang M, Deng H. Exosomal circular RNAs in tumor microenvironment: An emphasis on signaling pathways and clinical opportunities. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e70019. [PMID: 39584047 PMCID: PMC11586091 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.70019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2024] [Revised: 10/21/2024] [Accepted: 10/25/2024] [Indexed: 11/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Exosomes can regulate the malignant progression of tumors by carrying a variety of genetic information and transmitting it to target cells. Recent studies indicate that exosomal circular RNAs (circRNAs) regulate multiple biological processes in carcinogenesis, such as tumor growth, metastasis, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, drug resistance, autophagy, metabolism, angiogenesis, and immune escape. In the tumor microenvironment (TME), exosomal circRNAs can be transferred among tumor cells, endothelial cells, cancer-associated fibroblasts, immune cells, and microbiota, affecting tumor initiation and progression. Due to the high stability and widespread presence of exosomal circRNAs, they hold promise as biomarkers for tumor diagnosis and prognosis prediction in blood and urine. In addition, designing nanoparticles targeting exosomal circRNAs and utilizing exosomal circRNAs derived from immune cells or stem cells provide new strategies for cancer therapy. In this review, we examined the crucial role of exosomal circRNAs in regulating tumor-related signaling pathways and summarized the transmission of exosomal circRNAs between various types of cells and their impact on the TME. Finally, our review highlights the potential of exosomal circRNAs as diagnostic and prognostic prediction biomarkers, as well as suggesting new strategies for clinical therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junshu Li
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Wencheng Zhou
- Department of Medical AestheticsWest China School of Public Health and West China Fourth HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Huiling Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Meijuan Huang
- Division of Thoracic Tumor Multimodality Treatment and Department of Medical OncologyCancer CenterWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Hongxin Deng
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of BiotherapyWest China Hospital, Sichuan UniversityChengduChina
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Falasca M, Manfredi M. Extracellular vesicles and biomarker discovery. Semin Cancer Biol 2024; 106-107:103-105. [PMID: 39243835 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2024.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Falasca
- University of Parma, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Via Volturno 39, Parma 43125, Italy.
| | - Marcello Manfredi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy.
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Gudenkauf LM, Hathaway CA, Carroll JE, Small BJ, Li X, Hoogland AI, Castro E, Armaiz-Pena GN, Oswald LB, Jim HS, Tworoger SS, Gonzalez BD. Inequities in the Impacts of Hurricanes and Other Extreme Weather Events for Cancer Survivors. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024; 33:771-778. [PMID: 38385842 PMCID: PMC11147728 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-1029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
In this minireview, we examine the impacts of hurricanes and other extreme weather events on cancer survivors, focusing on structural and social determinants of health. We briefly explore influences on biological, psychosocial, and behavioral outcomes and discuss risk and resilience factors in cancer survivorship during and after hurricanes. Our goal is to inform future directions for research that can identify areas in which we can most efficiently improve cancer outcomes and inform changes in health systems, clinical practice, and public health policies. This timely minireview provides researchers and clinicians with an overview of challenges and opportunities for improving disaster preparedness and response for cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M. Gudenkauf
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | | | - Judith E. Carroll
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Brent J. Small
- School of Nursing, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Xiaoyin Li
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Aasha I. Hoogland
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Eida Castro
- School of Behavior and Brain Sciences, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR, United States
| | - Guillermo N. Armaiz-Pena
- Department of Basic Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Ponce Health Sciences University, Ponce, PR, United States
| | - Laura B. Oswald
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Heather S.L. Jim
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Shelley S. Tworoger
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Brian D. Gonzalez
- Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
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Guo N, Wang Y, Wen Z, Fan X. Promising nanotherapeutics of stem cell extracellular vesicles in liver regeneration. Regen Ther 2024; 26:1037-1047. [PMID: 39569342 PMCID: PMC11576938 DOI: 10.1016/j.reth.2024.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2024] [Revised: 09/22/2024] [Accepted: 09/26/2024] [Indexed: 11/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have gainedsignificant attention due totheir crucialroles invarious biological systems. This review aims to explore the functions of EVs in both in physiological and pathological states of the liver, with a specific focus on the potential mechanisms and concrete evidence of EVs in liver regeneration processes. The review begins by emphasizing the importance of EVs in maintaining liver health and their involvement in different pathological conditions, starting from the liver's own EVs. Reviewing the role of EVs in liver diseases to reveal the impact of EVs in pathological processes (e.g., hepatitis, liver fibrosis, and cirrhosis) and elucidate their signaling functions at the molecular level. Subsequently, the work concentrates on the functions of EVs in liver regeneration, revealing their key role in repair and regeneration following liver injury by carrying growth factors, nucleic acids, and other bioactive molecules. This part not only theoretically clarifies the mechanisms of EVs in liver regeneration but also experimentally demonstrates their role in promoting liver cell proliferation, inhibiting apoptosis, regulating immune responses, and fostering angiogenesis, laying the groundwork for future clinical applications. Moreover, this work provides a comprehensive analysis of the challenges faced by existing EV-based therapies in liver regeneration and offers prospects for future research directions. It highlights that despite the tremendous potential of EVs in treating liver diseases, there are still technical challenges (e.g., EV isolation and purification, dosage control, and targeted delivery). To overcome these challenges, the review suggests improvements to current technologies and the development of new methods to realize the clinical application of EVs in treating liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Guo
- Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, No.138, Tongzipo Road, Hexi Yuelu District, Changsha, Hunan, 410000, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Basic Medicine, Cangzhou Medical College, No.39, West Jiuhe Road, Cangzhou, 061001, China
| | - Zhaofeng Wen
- Heze Medical College, No.1950, Daxue Road, Heze Shandong, 274000, China
| | - Xiaofei Fan
- Shandong Medical College, No.5460, Second Ring South Road, Jinan, Shandong, 250002, China
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Yavuz B, Mutlu EC, Ahmed Z, Ben-Nissan B, Stamboulis A. Applications of Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Nerve Regeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5863. [PMID: 38892052 PMCID: PMC11172915 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), including exosomes, microvesicles, and other lipid vesicles derived from cells, play a pivotal role in intercellular communication by transferring information between cells. EVs secreted by progenitor and stem cells have been associated with the therapeutic effects observed in cell-based therapies, and they also contribute to tissue regeneration following injury, such as in orthopaedic surgery cases. This review explores the involvement of EVs in nerve regeneration, their potential as drug carriers, and their significance in stem cell research and cell-free therapies. It underscores the importance of bioengineers comprehending and manipulating EV activity to optimize the efficacy of tissue engineering and regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcak Yavuz
- Vocational School of Health Services, Altinbas University, 34147 Istanbul, Turkey;
| | - Esra Cansever Mutlu
- Biomaterials Research Group, School of Metallurgy and Materials, College of Engineering and Physical Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
| | - Zubair Ahmed
- Neuroscience & Ophthalmology, Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, UK
| | - Besim Ben-Nissan
- Translational Biomaterials and Medicine Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, P.O. Box 123, Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia;
| | - Artemis Stamboulis
- Biomaterials Research Group, School of Metallurgy and Materials, College of Engineering and Physical Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
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Waheed I, Ali A, Tabassum H, Khatoon N, Lai WF, Zhou X. Lipid-based nanoparticles as drug delivery carriers for cancer therapy. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1296091. [PMID: 38660132 PMCID: PMC11040677 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1296091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a severe disease that results in death in all countries of the world. A nano-based drug delivery approach is the best alternative, directly targeting cancer tumor cells with improved drug cellular uptake. Different types of nanoparticle-based drug carriers are advanced for the treatment of cancer, and to increase the therapeutic effectiveness and safety of cancer therapy, many substances have been looked into as drug carriers. Lipid-based nanoparticles (LBNPs) have significantly attracted interest recently. These natural biomolecules that alternate to other polymers are frequently recycled in medicine due to their amphipathic properties. Lipid nanoparticles typically provide a variety of benefits, including biocompatibility and biodegradability. This review covers different classes of LBNPs, including their characterization and different synthesis technologies. This review discusses the most significant advancements in lipid nanoparticle technology and their use in medicine administration. Moreover, the review also emphasized the applications of lipid nanoparticles that are used in different cancer treatment types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibtesam Waheed
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Anwar Ali
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Biochemical and Biotechnological Sciences, School of Precision Medicine, University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | - Huma Tabassum
- Institute of Social and Cultural Studies, Department of Public Health, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Narjis Khatoon
- Department of Biotechnology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Wing-Fu Lai
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
- School of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Xin Zhou
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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9
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Ebrahim T, Ebrahim AS, Kandouz M. Diversity of Intercellular Communication Modes: A Cancer Biology Perspective. Cells 2024; 13:495. [PMID: 38534339 PMCID: PMC10969453 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
From the moment a cell is on the path to malignant transformation, its interaction with other cells from the microenvironment becomes altered. The flow of molecular information is at the heart of the cellular and systemic fate in tumors, and various processes participate in conveying key molecular information from or to certain cancer cells. For instance, the loss of tight junction molecules is part of the signal sent to cancer cells so that they are no longer bound to the primary tumors and are thus free to travel and metastasize. Upon the targeting of a single cell by a therapeutic drug, gap junctions are able to communicate death information to by-standing cells. The discovery of the importance of novel modes of cell-cell communication such as different types of extracellular vesicles or tunneling nanotubes is changing the way scientists look at these processes. However, are they all actively involved in different contexts at the same time or are they recruited to fulfill specific tasks? What does the multiplicity of modes mean for the overall progression of the disease? Here, we extend an open invitation to think about the overall significance of these questions, rather than engage in an elusive attempt at a systematic repertory of the mechanisms at play.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanzeela Ebrahim
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Abdul Shukkur Ebrahim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Visual and Anatomical Sciences, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Mustapha Kandouz
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
- Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
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Ashoub MH, Salavatipour MS, Kasgari FH, Valandani HM, Khalilabadi RM. Extracellular microvesicles: biologic properties, biogenesis, and applications in leukemia. Mol Cell Biochem 2024; 479:419-430. [PMID: 37084166 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-023-04734-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Microvesicles are cellular membrane vesicles of which size is limited to 30-1000 nm. Almost all cells release them in response to activation signals and apoptosis. Their ability for intercellular communication and enhancement of potential for information exchange (between them) has attracted much interest. Their content is affected by the content of the mother cell, which can help identify their origin. Furthermore, these particles can change the physiology of the target cells by transferring a set of molecules to them and changing the epigenetics of the cells by transferring DNA and RNA. These changes can be induced in cells close to the mother and distant cells. Significant activities of these microvesicles are known both in physiological and pathologic conditions. In this regard, we have reviewed these small particle elements, their contents, and the way of synthesis. Finally, we discussed their current known roles to reveal more potential applications in leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hossein Ashoub
- Department of Hematology and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Comprehensive Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Maryam Samareh Salavatipour
- Department of Hematology and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
- Department of Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Hoseinpour Kasgari
- Department of Hematology and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Hajar Mardani Valandani
- Department of Hematology and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Roohollah Mirzaee Khalilabadi
- Department of Hematology and Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Allied Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
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Adnani L, Rak J. Intercellular Molecular Transfer Mediated by Extracellular Vesicles in Cancer. Results Probl Cell Differ 2024; 73:327-352. [PMID: 39242385 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-62036-2_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Among multiple pathways of intercellular communication operative in multicellular organisms, the trafficking of extracellular vesicles (EVs) and particles (EP) represents a unique mode of cellular information exchange with emerging roles in health and disease, including cancer. A distinctive feature of EV/EP-mediated cell-cell communication is that it involves simultaneous short- or long-range transfer of numerous molecular constituents (cargo) from donor to recipient cells. EV/EP uptake by donor cells elicits signalling or metabolic responses, or else leads to EV-re-emission or degradation. EVs are heterogeneous membranous structures released from cells via increasingly defined mechanisms involving either formation of multivesicular endosomes (exosomes) or budding from the plasma membrane (ectosomes). EPs (exomeres, supermeres) are membraneless complex particles, smaller than EVs and of less defined biogenesis and function. EVs/EPs carry complex assemblies of proteins, lipids and nucleic acids (RNA, DNA), which they shuttle into intercellular milieu, body fluids and recipient cells, via surface contact, fusion and different forms of internalization (endocytosis, micropinocytosis). While the physiological functions of EVs/EPs communication pathways continue to be investigated, their roles in cancer are increasingly well-defined. For example, EVs are involved in the transmission of cancer-specific molecular cargo, including mutant, oncogenic, transforming, or regulatory macromolecules to indolent, or normal cells, sometimes triggering their quasi-transformation-like states, or phenotypic alterations. Conversely, a reciprocal and avid uptake of stromal EVs by cancer cells may be responsible for modulating their oncogenic repertoire, as exemplified by the angiocrine effects of endothelial EVs influencing cancer cell stemness. EV exchanges during cancer progression have also been implicated in the formation of tumour stroma, angiogenesis and non-angiogenic neovascularization processes, immunosuppression, colonization of metastatic organ sites (premetastatic niche), paraneoplastic and systemic pathologies (thrombosis, diabetes, hepatotoxicity). Thus, an EV/EP-mediated horizontal transfer of cellular content emerges as a new dimension in cancer pathogenesis with functional, diagnostic, and therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lata Adnani
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, QC, Canada
| | - Janusz Rak
- The Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, McGill University, QC, Canada.
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12
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Schiano C, Balbi C, de Nigris F, Napoli C. Basic Pathogenic Mechanisms and Epigenetic Players Promoted by Extracellular Vesicles in Vascular Damage. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087509. [PMID: 37108672 PMCID: PMC10138986 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Both progression from the early pathogenic events to clinically manifest cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and cancer impact the integrity of the vascular system. Pathological vascular modifications are affected by interplay between endothelial cells and their microenvironment. Soluble factors, extracellular matrix molecules and extracellular vesicles (EVs) are emerging determinants of this network that trigger specific signals in target cells. EVs have gained attention as package of molecules with epigenetic reversible activity causing functional vascular changes, but their mechanisms are not well understood. Valuable insights have been provided by recent clinical studies, including the investigation of EVs as potential biomarkers of these diseases. In this paper, we review the role and the mechanism of exosomal epigenetic molecules during the vascular remodeling in coronary heart disease as well as in cancer-associated neoangiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Concetta Schiano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, 6807 Taverne-Torricella, Switzerland
| | - Carolina Balbi
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cardiology, Cardiocentro Ticino Institute, 6807 Taverne-Torricella, Switzerland
| | - Filomena de Nigris
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Claudio Napoli
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences (DAMSS), University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Clinical Department of Internal Medicine and Specialistic Units, Division of Clinical Immunology and Immunohematology, Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Immunology (SIMT), Azienda Universitaria Policlinico (AOU), 80138 Naples, Italy
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Heterogeneity of Extracellular Vesicles and Particles: Molecular Voxels in the Blood Borne "Hologram" of Organ Function, Disfunction and Cancer. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2023; 71:5. [PMID: 36729313 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-023-00671-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) and particles (EPs) serve as unique carriers of complex molecular information with increasingly recognized roles in health and disease. Individual EVs/EPs collectively contribute to the molecular fingerprint of their producing cell, reflecting its identity, state, function and phenotype. This property is of particular interest in cancer where enormous heterogeneity of cancer cells is compounded by the presence of altered stromal, vascular and immune cell populations, which is further complicated by systemic responses elicited by the disease in individual patients. These diverse and interacting cellular compartments are dynamically represented by myriads of EVs/EPs released into the circulating biofluids (blood) during cancer progression and treatment. Current approaches of liquid biopsy seek to follow specific elements of the EV/EP cargo that may have diagnostic utility (as biomarkers), such as cancer cell-derived mutant oncoproteins or nucleic acids. However, with emerging technologies enabling high-throughput EV/EP analysis at a single particle level, a more holistic approach may be on the horizon. Indeed, each EV/EP carries multidimensional information (molecular "voxel") that could be integrated across thousands of particles into a larger and unbiased landscape (EV/EP "hologram") reflecting the true cellular complexity of the disease, along with cellular interactions, systemic responses and effects of treatment. Thus, the longitudinal molecular mapping of EV/EP populations may add a new dimension to crucial aspects of cancer biology, personalized diagnostics, and therapy.
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Extracellular Vesicles: New Classification and Tumor Immunosuppression. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12010110. [PMID: 36671802 PMCID: PMC9856004 DOI: 10.3390/biology12010110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived membrane-surrounded vesicles carrying various types of molecules. These EV cargoes are often used as pathophysiological biomarkers and delivered to recipient cells whose fates are often altered in local and distant tissues. Classical EVs are exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, while recent studies discovered autophagic EVs, stressed EVs, and matrix vesicles. Here, we classify classical and new EVs and non-EV nanoparticles. We also review EVs-mediated intercellular communication between cancer cells and various types of tumor-associated cells, such as cancer-associated fibroblasts, adipocytes, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and immune cells. Of note, cancer EVs play crucial roles in immunosuppression, immune evasion, and immunotherapy resistance. Thus, cancer EVs change hot tumors into cold ones. Moreover, cancer EVs affect nonimmune cells to promote cellular transformation, including epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), chemoresistance, tumor matrix production, destruction of biological barriers, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and metastatic niche formation.
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15
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Rao DY, Huang DF, Si MY, Lu H, Tang ZX, Zhang ZX. Role of exosomes in non-small cell lung cancer and EGFR-mutated lung cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1142539. [PMID: 37122754 PMCID: PMC10130367 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1142539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
As an important mediator of information transfer between cells, exosomes play a unique role in regulating tumor growth, supporting vascular proliferation, tumor invasion, and metastasis. Exosomes are widely present in various body fluids, and therefore they can be used as a potential tool for non-invasive liquid biopsy. The present study reviews the role of exosomes in liquid biopsy, tumor microenvironment formation, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). By targeting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) therapy as a first-line treatment for patients with NSCLC, this study also briefly describes the occurrence of EGRF+ exosomes and the role of exosomes and their contents in non-invasive detection and potential therapeutic targets in EGFR-mutated lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding-Yu Rao
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - De-Fa Huang
- Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Mao-Yan Si
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Hua Lu
- The First Clinical College, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhi-Xian Tang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Zhi-Xian Tang, ; Zu-Xiong Zhang,
| | - Zu-Xiong Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
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