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Sarvestani MRJ, Madrakian T, Afkhami A, Ajdari B. Applicability of a synthesized melamine based covalent organic framework as a novel ionophore for the potentiometric determination of mercury (II): Computational and experimental studies. Microchem J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2023.108483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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2
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Barlow NL, Bradberry SM. Investigation and monitoring of heavy metal poisoning. J Clin Pathol 2023; 76:82-97. [PMID: 36600633 DOI: 10.1136/jcp-2021-207793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Historically, heavy metal measurement and interpretation has been a highly specialised area performed only in a handful of centres within the UK. However, recent years have seen a move to more local testing due to the repatriation of referred work into pathology networks and the increased availability of inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry technology. While management of significant poisoning is still overseen by tertiary care poisoning specialists, management of milder cases may be undertaken locally.Non-specialist clinical scientists and clinicians need to know when heavy metal testing is appropriate, which samples are required (and any specific requirements around collection) and how to interpret and act on the results.This Best Practice article provides guidance on the investigation and monitoring of the toxic elements most frequently encountered in general medical practice; lead, mercury and arsenic. It is intended as a reference guide for the non-specialist and as a comprehensive summary for clinical toxicologists and clinical scientists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola L Barlow
- Clinical Biochemistry, Black Country Pathology Services, West Bromwich, UK
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Attiya N, Fattahi R, Amarouch MY, El-Haidani A, El Jaafari S, Filali-Zegzouti Y. Mercurial risk from dental amalgam use in a population of Moroccan dentists: A latent class regression approach. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RISK & SAFETY IN MEDICINE 2023; 34:313-323. [PMID: 37355914 DOI: 10.3233/jrs-210052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dentists using dental amalgam are chronically exposed to low doses of elemental mercury. The complex toxico-kinetics of this systemic toxicant results in polymorphic and variable clinical phenotypes. In this context, adapted statistical methods are required to highlight potential adverse effects of occupational mercury exposure on dentists' health. OBJECTIVE The present study aims to analyze the distribution of self-reported subjective symptoms, commonly associated with chronic mercury poisoning, according to occupational mercury exposure in a population of Moroccan liberal dentists. METHODS In order to achieve the defined objectives, a three-step latent class regression was fitted. First a latent class analysis was performed to cluster the studied population according to their declared symptoms. Dentists were then classified in the defined latent classes based on their posterior probabilities. Finally, a logistic regression is fitted to identify predictors associated with the latent classes' membership. RESULTS The final obtained model showed acceptable calibration and discrimination. Its interpretation revealed that the increase of the frequency of amalgam use was associated with significant higher odds of belonging to the high risk latent class. CONCLUSIONS The present study represents an initial step towards the development of diagnosis model that predict clinical profiles according to occupational mercury exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourdine Attiya
- B.A.S.E Laboratory, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco
- Cluster of Competence on Health & Environment, Moulay Ismail University/VLIR-UOS, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Rkia Fattahi
- B.A.S.E Laboratory, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco
- Higher Institute of Nursing Professions and Health Techniques, Errachidia, Morrocco
| | - Mohamed-Yassine Amarouch
- R.N.E Laboratory, Multidisciplinary Faculty of Taza, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Ahmed El-Haidani
- Ethnopharmacology and Pharmacognosy Team, Faculty of Sciences and Technology of Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Samir El Jaafari
- B.A.S.E Laboratory, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco
- Cluster of Competence on Health & Environment, Moulay Ismail University/VLIR-UOS, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Younes Filali-Zegzouti
- B.A.S.E Laboratory, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco
- Cluster of Competence on Health & Environment, Moulay Ismail University/VLIR-UOS, Meknes, Morocco
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Ghaemi M, Hajiaghababaei L, Tehrani RM, Najafpour J, Sadat Shahvelayati A. A theoretical and experimental approaches to the use of benzoyl carbamothioyl alanine as a new ionophore for development of various mercury selective electrodes. J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.121043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Girgin G, Palabiyik-Yücelik SS, Sipahi H, Kilicarslan B, Ünüvar S, Tutkun E, Yilmaz ÖH, Baydar T. Mercury exposure, neopterin profile, and tryptophan degradation in dental technicians. Pteridines 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/pteridines-2022-0040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Amalgam has been widely used as a restorative dental material for over 150 years. Most standard dental amalgam formulations contain approximately 50% elemental mercury in a mixture of copper, tin, silver, and zinc. Mercury is a highly volatile metal, which can easily vaporize to a colorless and odorless gas. It has been demonstrated that mercury is released from dental amalgam, which is increased by chewing, eating, brushing, and drinking hot liquids. Besides this, amalgam is the main occupational exposure source of mercury for dental workers. It is known that mercury exposure causes immune modulation in humans. In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the changes in neopterin levels and tryptophan (Trp) degradation in dental technicians. It was observed that low levels of occupational mercury exposure resulted in decreased neopterin, kynurenine (Kyn), and Kyn/Trp levels. Moreover, mercury and neopterin levels had a significant positive correlation in workers. The lower neopterin levels and Kyn/Trp in dental technicians compared to an unexposed group indicates a possible immune suppression with low level of occupational mercury exposure during amalgam preparation. The relationship between urinary mercury levels as an indicator of occupational mercury exposure and neopterin reminded an effect on T-cell-mediated immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gözde Girgin
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
| | | | - Hande Sipahi
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Yeditepe University , Istanbul , Turkey
| | - Bilge Kilicarslan
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Songül Ünüvar
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Inönü University , Malatya , Turkey
| | - Engin Tutkun
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Bozok University , Yozgat , Turkey
| | - Ömer Hinc Yilmaz
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Yildirim Beyazit University , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Terken Baydar
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
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Attiya N, Filali A, Fattahi R, Moujane S, Mazouz H, Amarouch MY, Filaly-Zegzouti Y. Preventive planning against mercury over-exposure among Moroccan dentists using multidimensional statistical methods. Work 2022; 72:1065-1076. [DOI: 10.3233/wor-205115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Mercury used in dental amalgams constitutes a significant source of chronic exposure to this heavy metal among dentists. Thus, the safety of dental amalgam remains a controversial issue despite its long history of use. In Morocco, most studies about dental mercury were mainly focused on the environmental risk related to the management of mercury-contaminated waste. OBJECTIVE: In order to evaluate the occupational exposure to mercury among liberal dentists practicing in two Moroccan regions, a multidimensional statistical approach was used to analyze the collected data. The main objective was to help establishing a targeted prevention plan aiming to reduce the mercury exposure among Moroccan dentists. METHODS: Fifteen variables from 146 dentists were elected for a three-step classification procedure: a multiple correspondence analysis followed by a hierarchical ascendant clustering consolidated by the k-Means algorithm. RESULTS: Three homogenous clusters were identified. The most important one includes 57.5% of the population as well as the majority of the risky factors. The characterization of these clusters allows proposing concise guidelines for a targeted preventive plan. CONCLUSIONS: A real mercurial risk has been observed in the studied population. However, its impact on health as well as the efficiency of simple preventive recommendations remains to be unveiled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourdine Attiya
- B.A.S.E Laboratory, FSM-FSTE, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Ayoub Filali
- B.A.S.E Laboratory, FSM-FSTE, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco
- Higher Institute of Nursing Profession and Techniques of Health, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Rkia Fattahi
- B.A.S.E Laboratory, FSM-FSTE, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco
- Higher Institute of Nursing Profession and Techniques of Health, Errachidia, Morocco
| | - Soumia Moujane
- B.A.S.E Laboratory, FSM-FSTE, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Hamid Mazouz
- P.B.M.B Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Mohamed-Yassine Amarouch
- R.N.E Laboratory, Multidisciplinary Faculty of Taza, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
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Álvarez-Solorza I, Upegui-Arango LD, Borja-Aburto V, González-González N, Fischer F, Bustamante-Montes LP. Perception and Knowledge of Mercury by Occupationally Exposed Health Care Personnel. THE JOURNAL OF CONTINUING EDUCATION IN THE HEALTH PROFESSIONS 2022; 42:e19-e26. [PMID: 35225828 PMCID: PMC8876421 DOI: 10.1097/ceh.0000000000000399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Thermometers and baumanometers frequently contain mercury, a toxic heavy metal. Inadequate management of this substance can constitute an occupational hazard by exposing health care professionals to health risks including memory loss, psychosomatic symptoms, fatigue, and other signs of cognitive dysfunction as reported in several studies. PURPOSE To assess Mexico's health care professionals' health and mercury-related knowledge and risk perception and to explore the measurement properties of a questionnaire assessing that level of knowledge. MATERIALS AND METHODS Mixed methodology. A quantitative, cross-sectional study was conducted to measure health care professionals' knowledge of mercury and to validate an instrument using a Rasch analysis in 160 professionals. A qualitative study involving in-depth interviews was conducted to identify participants' risk perception for mercury exposure. RESULTS The total knowledge of mercury was 19.0 ± 2.0 on a scale of 0 to 28 points. The scores for medical specialists were significantly (P < .001) higher, ranging between 20.0 ± 2.05 and 23.0 ± 1.63. In general, the level of risk perception for mercury exposure was low. The questionnaire presented a reasonable fit to the Rasch model (good item fit with a Bonferroni-adjusted P = .000714). The response categories of three items were collapsed, and two pairs of items were bundled into two super items. CONCLUSION The levels of the knowledge of the health and safety risks and risk perception for mercury exposure in the Mexican health care professionals evaluated were low. Health care professionals should receive comprehensive training in the safe use and health risks of mercury.
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Attiya N, Filali A, Fattahi R, Moujane S, Mazouz H, Amarouch MY, Filali-Zegzouti Y. Modeling Subjective Symptoms Related to Micro-Hydrargyrism in a Population of Moroccan Dentists. Ethiop J Health Sci 2021; 31:147-158. [PMID: 34158762 PMCID: PMC8188101 DOI: 10.4314/ejhs.v31i1.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ability of mercury to deposit throughout the body and alter a wide range of molecular and cellular pathways results in a polymorphic and complex clinical phenotype with over 250 possible symptoms. However, some of them are recurrently cited as evoking chronic mercury poisoning. In this light, dentists users of dental amalgams are chronically exposed to mercury so that in-depth epidemiological investigations and adapted statistical methods are required to highlight adverse effects of this exposure. Methods In order to study the health impact of the occupational mercury exposure in a population of liberal dentists practicing in two Moroccan regions, a list of eighteen subjective symptoms commonly associated with micro-hydrargyrism was drawn up. Then, seven statisctical models adapted to count data were fitted. Finally, three methods were used to compare their relative performance in order to choose the most appropriate one. Results The adopted logical path, from the response variable selection till models' comparison, led us to lean towards quasi-Poisson regression as the best way to predict the number of symptoms declared by dentists according to mercury exposure. Conclusions Interpretation of the selected model allowed us to conclude that the reduction of dental amalgam use allows the reduction of subjective symptoms related to mercury exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourdine Attiya
- B.A.S.E Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University, Morocco
| | - Ayoub Filali
- Higher Institute of Nursing Profession and Techniques of Health, Kenitra, Morocco.,Faculty of Science, Ibn Tofail University, Kenitra, Morocco
| | - Rkia Fattahi
- B.A.S.E Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University, Morocco
| | - Soumia Moujane
- B.A.S.E Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques of Errachidia, Moulay Ismail University, Morocco
| | - Hamid Mazouz
- P.B.M.B Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco
| | - Mohamed-Yassine Amarouch
- R.N.E Laboratory, Multidisciplinary Faculty of Taza, Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Younes Filali-Zegzouti
- B.A.S.E Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Moulay Ismail University, Meknes, Morocco
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Mercury and Prenatal Growth: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18137140. [PMID: 34281082 PMCID: PMC8297189 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18137140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The intrauterine environment is critical for healthy prenatal growth and affects neonatal survival and later health. Mercury is a toxic metal which can freely cross the placenta and disrupt a wide range of cellular processes. Many observational studies have investigated mercury exposure and prenatal growth, but no prior review has synthesised this evidence. Four relevant publication databases (Embase, MEDLINE/PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus) were systematically searched to identify studies of prenatal mercury exposure and birth weight, birth length, or head circumference. Study quality was assessed using the NIH Quality Assessment Tool, and results synthesised in a narrative review. Twenty-seven studies met the review criteria, these were in 17 countries and used 8 types of mercury biomarker. Studies of birth weight (total = 27) involving populations with high levels of mercury exposure, non-linear methods, or identified as high quality were more likely to report an association with mercury, but overall results were inconsistent. Most studies reported no strong evidence of association between mercury and birth length (n = 14) or head circumference (n = 14). Overall, our review did not identify strong evidence that mercury exposure leads to impaired prenatal growth, although there was some evidence of a negative association of mercury with birth weight.
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Banaee S, Claiborne DM, Akpinar-Elci M. Occupational health practices among dental care professionals before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Work 2021; 68:993-1000. [PMID: 33843712 DOI: 10.3233/wor-205319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has posed a substantial burden on dental care professionals. While dentistry is known as one of the most exposed and high-risk professions, dental care professionals are indeed at even greater risk. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess knowledge, attitudes, occupational health practices, personal protective equipment usage, and mental stressors during COVID-19 pandemic among dental care professionals. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among dental care professionals who were subscribers to a dental hygiene journal using a self-administered online survey (n = 1047 respondents). Cross-tabulations were performed to determine differences in the responses to the statements related to different domains. RESULTS COVID-19 impacted the healthy work-life balance (p < 0.001) and caused sleeping difficulty among the respondents (p < 0.001). Moreover, a lower response on changing respirators and gloves for each patient compared with before viral pandemic was observed (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Ongoing training on infection control, occupational health practices, and PPE usage can prevent the transmission of COVID-19 among dental care professionals and the public. Lack of adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) is a burden for applying occupational health practices in dental clinics and present a risk to the public. COVID-19 may contribute to developing psychological stress and disrupt healthy work-life balance among dental professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Banaee
- School of Community and Environmental Health, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Denise M Claiborne
- Gene W. Hirschfeld School of Dental Hygiene, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Muge Akpinar-Elci
- School of Community and Environmental Health, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
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Mulligan S, Smith L, Martin N. Sustainable oral healthcare and the environment: challenges. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021. [DOI: 10.12968/denu.2021.48.6.493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Oral healthcare has an environmental impact that is specific to the profession and is currently unsustainable. This impact results in unwanted and difficult-to-manage waste, carbon emissions and other environmental impacts that contribute to climate change. Contributions to this pollution come from the supply chain that provides the required materials and sundries, patient and staff commuting/travelling, direct patient care, the use and end-of-life management of restorative materials and single-use plastics (SUPs) such as personal protective equipment (PPE). This article explores these various contributors to pollution arising from oral healthcare. CPD/Clinical Relevance: The provision of oral healthcare has an environmental impact that requires consideration and action in order to become sustainable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven Mulligan
- Clinical Teacher, Doctoral Clinical Fellow, General Dental Practitioner, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield
| | - Lucy Smith
- Postdoctoral Research Fellow, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Sheffield
| | - Nicolas Martin
- Professor of Restorative Dentistry, School of Clinical Dentistry, University of Sheffield
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Bagheri S, Saboury AA. What role do metals play in Alzheimer's disease? JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-021-02181-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Jonidi Jafari A, Esrafili A, Moradi Y, Mahmoudi N. Mercury level in biological samples of dentists in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2020; 18:1655-1669. [PMID: 33312669 PMCID: PMC7721756 DOI: 10.1007/s40201-020-00558-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to mercury is an important risk to dentists health. The aim of the present study was to assess the pooled mean mercury level (MML) in the urine, blood, nail, and hair of Iranian dentists (IDs) through the meta-analysis technique. Comprehensive and systematic searches were performed in main local databases including SID, Magiran, Iran medex, and ISC as well as internationally available databases including Embase, PubMed and Scopus for all the relevant studies up to 2018. In order to prevent bias in this study and identify eligible studies, various steps of the study was performed independently by two researchers. Out of 13 studies in the meta-analysis process which included 1499 IDs, the mean of the mercury level in the urine, nail, and blood was estimated to be 6.29 (95% CI: 2.61-9.97, I-square: 62.7%, P: 0.006), 3.54 (95% CI: 2.81-4.28, I-square: 0.0%, P: 0.968), 11.20 (95% CI: 2.28-20.13, I-square: 59.9%, P: 0.082), respectively. The mean mercury level (MML) in the biological samples of IDs was higher than the standard of World Health Organization (WHO). So, in accordance with Article 10 of the European Union Regulations (EUR), in the context of the Minamata Convention (MC) on Dental Amalgam (DA), in order to avoid the dangers of mercury exposure in dentists, it is necessary for Iran and other countries to approve laws and to implement a national plan to reduce mercury levels and replace the appropriate materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Jonidi Jafari
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Esrafili
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yousef Moradi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Norouz Mahmoudi
- Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Health Research Center, Life style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Joy A, Qureshi A. Mercury in Dental Amalgam, Online Retail, and the Minamata Convention on Mercury. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:14139-14142. [PMID: 33141561 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c01248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The Minamata Convention on Mercury (ref. 1) is a global treaty to protect human and environmental health from adverse effects of the toxic element mercury and its compounds. During the Third Conference of Parties (COP-3) in November 2019, elimination of the use of dental amalgam in oral health care was discussed. Dental amalgam is one of the most commonly used restorative materials in oral health care due to its strength and longevity (ref. 2). However, the use of mercury in an amalgam adds to global environmental mercury pollution and can contribute to adverse health effects on humans and other organisms. The outcomes of the COP-3 meeting included a call for information on the availability at a national scale, the economic and technical feasibility of alternatives, and the associated risks or benefits. In this feature, we discuss the risks and benefits of dental amalgam, the global tracking of availability and procurement, and the implications and realities for global phase out. We suggest a better accounting of mercury use in dental amalgam is needed with sales being made only to registered practitioners via a Know Your Customer approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alphin Joy
- IIT Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, TS 502285, India
| | - Asif Qureshi
- IIT Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy, TS 502285, India
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Hamid Reza Rashvand, Hajiaghababaei L, Darvich MR, Sarvestani MRJ, Miyandoab FJ. A Liquid Membrane Mercury Selective Electrode Based on 2-(N-pipyridino Methyl)-1-Cyano Cyclohexanol as a Novel Neutral Carrier. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s106193482010010x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Bagheri Hosseinabadi M, Khanjani N, Mobarake MD, Shirkhanloo H. Neuropsychological effects of long-term occupational exposure to mercury among chloralkali workers. Work 2020; 66:491-498. [PMID: 32651342 DOI: 10.3233/wor-203194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mercury is one of the most well-known toxic metals for humans. Chloralkali workers are exposed to mercury vapours extensively, which may be associated with neurotoxicity. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the associations between mercury concentration in blood and air samples, and mercury's neuropsychological effects among chloralkali workers. METHODS This study was conducted on 50 chloralkali workers as the exposed group and 50 non-industrial office workers as the unexposed group. All subjects were assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Piper Chronic Fatigue Scale and Essential Tremor Rating Scale. Mercury concentration was measured in blood and air samples using cold vapour atomic absorption spectrometry. RESULTS There was significantly more severe fatigue, depression and tremor in the exposed group compared with the unexposed group. The mean concentration of blood mercury in the exposed group was 22.59±12.5μgL-1 which was significantly higher than the unexposed group (1.28±1.05μg L-1). Based on multiple linear regression, shift work, smoking, fatigue, depression and tremor were predictor variables for blood mercury concentration. CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that this sample of chloralkali workers suffered from neuropsychological problems such as fatigue, depression and tremor, which is probably related to mercury exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Narges Khanjani
- Environmental Health Engineering Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Mostafa Dehghani Mobarake
- Energy Research Center, Renewable Energy Department, Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Shirkhanloo
- Research Institute of Petroleum Industry (RIPI), West Entrance Blvd., Olympic Village, Tehran, Iran
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Attiya N, Fattahi R, El-Haidani A, Lahrach N, Amarouch MY, Filali-Zegzouti Y. [Mercury exposure and dentists' health status in two regions of centrall Morocco: descriptive cross-sectional survey]. Pan Afr Med J 2020; 36:110. [PMID: 32821321 PMCID: PMC7406463 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2020.36.110.19623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION mercury exposure is recognized as a worldwide public health concern. However, the effect of long-term exposure to low-doses of this heavy metal is still subject to debate. Due to the use of mercury in dental amalgam, dental health care professionals are chronically exposed to low-doses of this metal. In this context, we have conducted a descriptive cross-sectional survey among liberal dentists in two regions of the center of Morocco. In parallel, the global health status of participants was investigated to assess the relevance of a subsequent etiological survey. METHODS data were collected through a self-reported questionnaire. Occupational exposure of dentists to mercury was evaluated based on their use of dental amalgam. Moreover, the other common factors increasing the background pollution or inducing exposure peaks were also investigated. On the other hand, smoking, vaccination, fish consumption, and the number of dental amalgam in mouth were considered as non-occupational exposure sources. Finally, the self-reported global health problems of participants were collected. RESULTS 192 dentists were included in the present study. Seventy-six percent (76.04%) of them declared using dental amalgam in their practice. Moreover, the presence of dental amalgam in mouth was identified as the main non-occupational source of exposure to mercury (63.45% of participants). Finally, most of participants (46.35%) have expressed neuropsychological complaints. CONCLUSION altogether, our results revealed a real mercury exposure in the studied population. Thus, effective preventive measures should be promoted to minimize the mercury exposure in dental offices. Moreover, an etiological study will be of great interest to reveal the impact of mercury exposure in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourdine Attiya
- Laboratoire Bioactifs, Santé et Environnement, Université Moulay Ismaïl, Meknès, Maroc
| | - Rkia Fattahi
- Laboratoire Bioactifs, Santé et Environnement, Université Moulay Ismaïl, Meknès, Maroc
- Institut Supérieur des Professions Infirmières et Techniques de Santé, Errachidia, Maroc
| | - Ahmed El-Haidani
- Equipe Ethnopharmacologie et Pharmacognosie, Faculté des Sciences et Technique Errachidia, Université Moulay Ismaïl, Maroc
| | - Nadia Lahrach
- Equipe Ethnopharmacologie et Pharmacognosie, Faculté des Sciences et Technique Errachidia, Université Moulay Ismaïl, Maroc
| | - Mohamed-Yassine Amarouch
- Laboratoire Ressources Naturelles et Environnement, Faculté Polydisciplinaire de Taza, Université Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah de Fès, Fès, Maroc
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18
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Yazdanian M, Ghanizadeh G, Rastgoo S, Shokouh SMH. Evaluation of kidney function and oxidative stress biomarkers in prolonged occupational exposure with mercury in dentists. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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19
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Koulaouzidou EA, Tsitsimpikou C, Nikolaidis AK, Karanasiou C, Foufa E, Tsarouhas K. Safe use of chemicals and risk communication among dentists and dental students in Greece. Toxicol Ind Health 2020; 36:427-435. [PMID: 32787741 DOI: 10.1177/0748233720933062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Use of chemicals, most often classified for intrinsic hazards, is rather common among dentists. To date, no data have been recorded in the European Union (EU) on dentists' awareness regarding the safe use of chemicals. In the EU regulatory framework, two Regulations with wide applications, namely Regulations (EC) 1907/2006 (REACH) and 1272/2008 (CLP), have been introduced to protect human health and the environment and clearly communicate hazards posed by chemicals to workers and consumers. The aim of this study was to assess the extent of comprehension of hazard communication of chemicals among Greek dentists. For this, a closed-ended, anonymous and validated questionnaire was initially distributed to a total of 300 Greek dentists, both professionals and university students, over a period of 4 months. The collected data from 240 final responders were subjected to statistical analysis (frequencies, percentages, chi-square (χ2) and significance (p < 0.05)). The vast majority (90%) of the interviewed dentists are not aware of the CLP. Main sources of information regarding chemical hazard and safe use was the supplier through direct communication (90%), while some dentists also consulted the product labels (39%) and the material safety data sheets (54%). Regarding hazard communication, the perceived information from the pictograms is confusing to the vast majority of the dentists (86%), especially for systemic hazards (carcinogenicity and/or reproductive toxicity). In addition, 88% of the professional dentists have not noticed any changes in the labelling of chemical products, which also shows the low input of labels to hazard communication. On the other hand, 90% of the responders always utilize personal protective equipment (PPE), although it is not clear whether this PPE is adequate. In conclusion, rising awareness campaigns are needed, in collaboration with universities and dental care professional associations, to inform dentists about the safe use of chemicals not only to ensure protection of their own health but also to contribute to environmental sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth A Koulaouzidou
- Division of Dental Tissues' Pathology and Therapeutics (Basic Dental Sciences, Endodontology and Operative Dentistry), School of Dentistry, 37782Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Alexandros K Nikolaidis
- Division of Dental Tissues' Pathology and Therapeutics (Basic Dental Sciences, Endodontology and Operative Dentistry), School of Dentistry, 37782Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Christina Karanasiou
- Division of Dental Tissues' Pathology and Therapeutics (Basic Dental Sciences, Endodontology and Operative Dentistry), School of Dentistry, 37782Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Foufa
- General Chemical State Laboratory of Greece, Ampelokipi, Athens, Greece
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20
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Raj D, Maiti SK. Sources, toxicity, and remediation of mercury: an essence review. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2019; 191:566. [PMID: 31418123 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-019-7743-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a pollutant that poses a global threat, and it was listed as one of the ten leading 'chemicals of concern' by the World Health Organization in 2017. The review aims to summarize the sources of Hg, its combined effects on the ecosystem, and its remediation in the environment. The flow of Hg from coal to fly ash (FA), soil, and plants has become a serious concern. Hg chemically binds to sulphur-containing components in coal during coal formation. Coal combustion in thermal power plants is the major anthropogenic source of Hg in the environment. Hg is taken up by plant roots from contaminated soil and transferred to the stem and aerial parts. Through bioaccumulation in the plant system, Hg moves into the food chain, resulting in potential health and ecological risks. The world average Hg concentrations reported in coal and FA are 0.01-1 and 0.62 mg/kg, respectively. The mass of Hg accumulated globally in the soil is estimated to be 250-1000 Gg. Several techniques have been applied to remove or minimize elevated levels of Hg from FA, soil, and water (soil washing, selective catalytic reduction, wet flue gas desulphurization, stabilization, adsorption, thermal treatment, electro-remediation, and phytoremediation). Adsorbents such as activated carbon and carbon nanotubes have been used for Hg removal. The application of phytoremediation techniques has been proven as a promising approach in the removal of Hg from contaminated soil. Plant species such as Brassica juncea are potential candidates for Hg removal from soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deep Raj
- Ecological Restoration Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826 004, India
| | - Subodh Kumar Maiti
- Ecological Restoration Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, Jharkhand, 826 004, India.
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21
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The effect of 1.5 T and 3 T magnetic resonance imaging on microleakage of amalgam restorations. Microsc Res Tech 2019; 82:1878-1883. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.23355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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22
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Warwick D, Young M, Palmer J, Ermel RW. Mercury vapor volatilization from particulate generated from dental amalgam removal with a high-speed dental drill - a significant source of exposure. J Occup Med Toxicol 2019; 14:22. [PMID: 31346345 PMCID: PMC6637613 DOI: 10.1186/s12995-019-0240-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The ubiquitous use of dental amalgam for over 180 years has resulted in the exposure of millions of dental workers to mercury. Dental amalgam contains approximately 50% mercury. Dental workers, including dentists, dental assistants, and dental hygienists, have been shown to have increased levels of mercury and suffer more from health issues related to mercury exposure than the general public. Mercury is known to be absorbed via inhalation or through the skin. There are many routine dental procedures that require the removal of dental amalgam by using the dental high-speed drill, which we suspected generates an occupational mercury exposure that is not sufficiently recognized. Results We showed that drilling dental amalgam generates particulate that volatilizes significant amounts of mercury vapor generally for more than an hour after removal. The levels of mercury vapor created by this procedure frequently exceed the safety thresholds of several jurisdictions and agencies. Conclusions A significant, underrecognized source of localized exposure to mercury vapor was identified in this study. The vapor was created by microgram levels of particulate generated from dental amalgam removal with a high-speed dental drill, even when all feasible engineering controls were used to reduce mercury exposure. This exposure may explain why dental workers incur health effects when safety thresholds are not breached. The dispersion patterns for the particulate are not known, so the use of effective skin barriers and inhalation protection are required during amalgam removal to protect the dental worker from this form of occupational mercury exposure. Standard methodologies for occupational mercury exposure assessment appear to be inadequate when assessing mercury exposure during amalgam removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Warwick
- Dental Practice, Hanna Dental Clinic, 202, 2nd Ave W, Hanna, Alberta Canada
| | - Matt Young
- Dental Practice, 728 5th Ave. West, Hendersonville, NC USA
| | - Joe Palmer
- Dental Practice, Palmer Distinctive Dentistry, 134 Milestone Way, Greenville, SC USA
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Bjørklund G, Hilt B, Dadar M, Lindh U, Aaseth J. Neurotoxic effects of mercury exposure in dental personnel. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2019; 124:568-574. [PMID: 30589214 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Numerous studies have reported neurobehavioural effects in dental personnel occupationally exposed to chronic low levels of mercury (Hg). Hg exposure from dental work may also induce various chronic conditions such as elevation of amyloid protein expression, deterioration of microtubules and increase or inhibition of transmitter release at motor nerve terminal endings. Therefore, clinical studies of Hg toxicity in dentistry may provide new knowledge about disturbed metal homeostasis in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis and mood disorders. The purpose of this MiniReview is to evaluate the evidence of possible relevance between Hg exposure in dentistry and idiopathic disturbances in motor functions, cognitive skills and affective reactions, as well as dose-response relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Mo i Rana, Norway
| | - Bjørn Hilt
- Department of Occupational Medicine, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.,Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Ulf Lindh
- Biology Education Centre, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jan Aaseth
- Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway.,Faculty of Health and Social Science, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
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Donovan TE, Marzola R, Murphy KR, Cagna DR, Eichmiller F, McKee JR, Metz JE, Albouy JP, Troeltzsch M. Annual review of selected scientific literature: A report of the Committee on Scientific Investigation of the American Academy of Restorative Dentistry. J Prosthet Dent 2018; 120:816-878. [DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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25
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El-Badry A, Rezk M, El-Sayed H. Mercury-induced Oxidative Stress May Adversely Affect Pregnancy Outcome among Dental Staff: A Cohort Study. THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MEDICINE 2018; 9:113-119. [PMID: 29995016 PMCID: PMC6466979 DOI: 10.15171/ijoem.2018.1181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Dental staff may be at increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcome secondary to their chronic exposure to mercury.
Objective:
To investigate obstetric outcome among dental staff and explore the oxidative stress induced by mercury exposure.
Methods:
A cohort of 64 pregnant dental staff (exposed group) and 60 pregnant employees (non-exposed group) were studied. Urinary mercury level and blood antioxidant activity were measured. Participants were followed to assess their obstetric outcome.
Results:
The exposed group had a higher mean urinary mercury level and a lower blood antioxidant activity during the three trimesters compared to non-exposed group (p<0.001). Women in the exposed group were experienced more frequently spontaneous abortion and pre-eclampsia (p<0.05). Babies born to the women in the exposed group tended to be smaller for gestational age compared to those of non-exposed group (p<0.001).
Conclusion:
Pregnant dental staff suffered higher odds of developing spontaneous abortion and pre-eclampsia and giving birth to babies smaller for gestational age. This may be linked to oxidative stress induced by exposure to mercury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aziza El-Badry
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed Rezk
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Hanan El-Sayed
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
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Aaseth J, Hilt B, Bjørklund G. Mercury exposure and health impacts in dental personnel. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 164:65-69. [PMID: 29482185 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Based on toxicological, clinical, and epidemiological knowledge, the present paper reviews the status regarding possible deleterious health effects from occupational exposure to metallic mercury (Hg) in dental practice. Symptoms from the central nervous system are among the health problems that most often are attributed to Hg exposure in dentists and dental nurses working with amalgam. Uncharacteristic symptoms of chronic low-level Hg vapor exposure including weakness, fatigue, and anorexia have been observed in numerous studies of dental personnel. It is crucial to protect both human health and the environment against negative effects of Hg. In line with this, the use of dental amalgam in industrial countries is about to be phased out. In Norway and Sweden, the use of the filling material is banned.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Aaseth
- Research Department, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway; Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway.
| | - Bjørn Hilt
- Department of Occupational Medicine, St. Olav's University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Mo i Rana, Norway.
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Chen JL, Yang PC, Wu T, Lin YW. Determination of mercury (II) ions based on silver-nanoparticles-assisted growth of gold nanostructures: UV-Vis and surface enhanced Raman scattering approaches. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2018; 199:301-307. [PMID: 29627614 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2018.03.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Innovative dual detection methods for mercury(II) ions (Hg(II)) have been developed based on the formation of gold nanostructures (AuNSs) following the addition of mercury-containing solution to a mixture containing an optimized amount of Au(III), H2O2, HCl, and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). In the absence of Hg(II), the addition of Au(III), H2O2, and HCl to the AgNP solution changes the solution's color from yellow to red, and the absorption peak shifts from 400 to 526nm, indicating the dissolution of AgNPs and the formation of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Because of the spontaneous redox reaction of Hg(II) toward AgNPs, the change in the amount of remaining AgNP seed facilitates the generation of irregular AuNSs, resulting in changes in absorption intensity and shifting the peak within the range from 526 to 562nm depending on the concentration of Hg(II). Under optimal conditions, the limit of detection (LOD) for Hg(II) at a signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) of 3 was 0.3μM. We further observed that AgNP-assisted catalytic formation of Au nanomaterials deposited on a surface enhanced Raman scattering active substrate significantly reduced the Raman signal of 4-mercaptobenzoic acid, dependent on the Hg(II) concentration. A linear relationship was observed in the range 0.1nM-100μM with a LOD of 0.05nM (S/N 3.0). As a simple, accurate and precise method, this SERS-based assay has demonstrated its success in determining levels of Hg(II) in real water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Liang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National Changhua University of Education, 1 Jin-De road, Changhua City, Changhua County 500, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chia Yang
- Department of Chemistry, National Changhua University of Education, 1 Jin-De road, Changhua City, Changhua County 500, Taiwan
| | - Tsunghsueh Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Platteville, 1 University Plaza, Platteville, WI 53818-3099, USA.
| | - Yang-Wei Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Changhua University of Education, 1 Jin-De road, Changhua City, Changhua County 500, Taiwan.
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Wijesekara LA, Usoof R, Gamage SST, Jayasinghe R, Gamage N, De Silva D, Ekanayake S. Mercury levels in hair samples of dentists: A comparative study in Sri Lanka. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 9:e12302. [DOI: 10.1111/jicd.12302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rinzee Usoof
- College of Chemical Sciences; Institute of Chemistry Ceylon; Rajagiriya Sri Lanka
| | - Sachindra S. T. Gamage
- Department of Chemistry; Faculty of Science; University of Peradeniya; Peradeniya Sri Lanka
| | - Ruwan Jayasinghe
- Department of Oral Medicine; Faculty of Dental Sciences; University of Peradeniya; Peradeniya Sri Lanka
| | | | | | - Sagarika Ekanayake
- Department of Biochemistry; Faculty of Medical Sciences; University of Sri Jayewardenepura; Sri Lanka
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Nicholson JW. Emerging Ethical Issues in Restorative Dentistry. New Bioeth 2017; 23:236-248. [PMID: 29027879 DOI: 10.1080/20502877.2017.1385918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This article reviews some of the merging ethical issues in restorative dentistry. This is a branch of healthcare concerned with quality of life, since retention of functioning teeth is important in allowing a healthy diet to be consumed. Yet the supply of dentists is such that, in many of the world's poorest countries, extraction is the only viable option for treating tooth decay. Available repair materials present various ethical problems. Silver amalgam is being phased out in much of the world, because of environmental concerns with mercury, yet it is cheap and reliable. Alternatives have been developed, influenced by the West's preoccupation with appearance, yet these materials are difficult to place and are less durable than amalgam. These concerns lead to significant ethical problems, which are explored in this article. It concludes by proposing a way to deal with the emerging ethical problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Nicholson
- a Bluefield Centre for Biomaterials , London , UK.,b Dental Physical Sciences, Barts & The London School of Medicine and Dentistry , Queen Mary University of London , London , UK
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