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He J, Fan Y, Zhang L, Li C, Guo F, Zhu J, Guo P, Zhang B, Zhang M, Zhang M. Habitual night sleep duration is associated with general obesity and visceral obesity among Chinese women, independent of sleep quality. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1053421. [PMID: 36755902 PMCID: PMC9899857 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1053421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Research on the relationship between sleep duration and obesity defined using multiple anthropometric and bioelectrical indices in women remains scarce. We aimed to explore the association between sleep duration and body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR), body fat percentage (PBF) and visceral fat area (VFA) among females. Methods We recruited women for medical examination using multistage cluster sampling. Sleep was assessed using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and sleep duration was categorized into short (<7 h), optimal (7 <9 h) and long sleep (≥ 9 h). Weight and height were measured using a calibrated stadiometer. Waist circumference was manually measured. PBF, and VFA were estimated by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Data on sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyle factors were also collected and included in the logistic regression models to explore the independent association between sleep duration and obesity defined by different indices. Results A total of 7,763 women with a mean age of 42.6 ± 13.5 years were included. The percentage of women reporting short and long sleep was 10.3 and 13.4% respectively. The mean BMI, WHR, PBF and VFA were 23.07 ± 3.30 kg/m2, 0.78 ± 0.06, 32.23 ± 6.08% and 91.64 ± 35.97cm2, respectively. Short sleep was independently associated with 35% (95% CI: 1.05-1.75) increased odds of general obesity (BMI ≥ 28 kg/cm2), and long sleep was associated with 18% (95% CI: 1.01-1.37) increased odds of visceral obesity (VFA > 100 cm2). No association was observed between sleep deprivation or excessive sleep and high WHR or high PBF. Conclusion In women, short sleep was associated with an increased odds of general obesity, whereas long sleep was associated with an increased odds of visceral obesity. Longitudinal observations are needed to confirm this cross-sectional relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangshan He
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yaqi Fan
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Health Management Centre, Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunjun Li
- Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, China
| | - Fenghua Guo
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiahui Zhu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Pei Guo
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Binbin Zhang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Mianzhi Zhang
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China,Department of Nephrology, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Minying Zhang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China,*Correspondence: Minying Zhang ✉
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Yao CA, Chen IL, Chen CY, Torng PL, Su TC. Association between Wakeup Frequency at Night and Atherogenic Dyslipidemia: Evidence for Sex Differences. J Atheroscler Thromb 2023; 30:87-99. [PMID: 35444101 PMCID: PMC9899702 DOI: 10.5551/jat.63254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to determine whether sleep disturbance, defined as the wakeup frequency at night, is associated with atherogenic dyslipidemia and to explore possible sex differences. METHODS A total of 1,368 adults aged 19-70 years were included in the study of lifestyles and atherogenic dyslipidemia at the National Taiwan University Hospital in the period of 2008-2012. They completed a questionnaire regarding lifestyle information and sleep quality, including sleep hour duration, use of sleeping pills, and wakeup frequency during nighttime sleep. The measured lipid profiles included total cholesterol, triglycerides, low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C and HDL-C, respectively), non-HDL-C, and small dense LDL-C (sdLDL-C). Multivariate logistic regression was performed to determine habitual interrupted sleep and the odds ratio of atherogenic dyslipidemia following adjustment for conventional risk factors and for sex-based subgroup analysis. RESULTS A wakeup frequency ≥ 3 times per night was independently associated with an increased risk [odds ratio (95% confidence interval)] of dyslipidemia was 1.96 (1.17-3.28), and non-HDL-C ≥ 160 mg/dL was 1.78 (1.09-2.89). A higher wakeup frequency was associated with increased atherogenic dyslipidemia in women than in men. The multivariate adjusted relative risks for non-HDL ≥ 160 mg/dL and cholesterol ≥ 200 mg/dL were 3.05 (1.27-7.34) and 4.01(1.29-12.45) for female individuals with insomnia and those with a wakeup frequency ≥ 2 times per night, respectively. CONCLUSION A higher wakeup frequency was associated with atherogenic dyslipidemia in Taiwanese adults, particularly in women. This study also provided another evidence of increasing cardiovascular diseases in subjects with habitual interrupted sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-An Yao
- Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - I-Ling Chen
- Department of Family Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yen Chen
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pao-Ling Torng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ta-Chen Su
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan,Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan,Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Fan Y, Zhang L, Wang Y, Li C, Zhang B, He J, Guo P, Qi X, Zhang M, Guo C, Guo Y, Zhang M. Gender differences in the association between sleep duration and body mass index, percentage of body fat and visceral fat area among chinese adults: a cross-sectional study. BMC Endocr Disord 2021; 21:247. [PMID: 34952580 PMCID: PMC8709998 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-021-00913-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between sleep duration and anthropometric indices are still unclear. This study aimed to explore the association between sleep duration and body mass index (BMI), percentage of body fat (PBF) and visceral fat area (VFA) among Chinese adults, further to explore gender difference in it. METHODS We analyzed part of the baseline data of a cohort study among adult attendees at two health-screening centers in China. Sleep duration was self-reported and categorized into short (< 7 h/day), optimal (7-9 h/day) and long sleep (≥ 9 h/day). BMI, PBF and VFA were assessed by bioelectric impedance analysis. Demographic characteristics, chronic diseases and medication history, physical activity, smoking and alcohol drinking behaviors were measured by an investigator-administrated questionnaire. RESULTS A total of 9059 adult participants (63.08% were females) were included in the analysis. The participants aged from 19 to 91 years with the mean age of 45.0 ± 14.6 years. Short sleep was independently associated with elevated odds of general obesity (defined using BMI) and visceral obesity (defined using VFA) among the total study population, and gender differences were observed in these associations. Among women, short sleep was associated with 62% increased odds of general obesity (OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.24-2.12) and 22% increased odds of visceral obesity (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 1.02-1.45). Among men, long sleep duration was associated with 21% decreased odds of visceral obesity (OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.64-0.99). No association was observed between sleep duration and PBF in both sexes. CONCLUSIONS Sleep duration was associated with increased odds of general and visceral obesity, and this association differed between men and women. No association was observed between sleep duration and PBF among either males or females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Fan
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94, Weijin Road, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuxue Wang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94, Weijin Road, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunjun Li
- Tianjin People's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Binbin Zhang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94, Weijin Road, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiangshan He
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94, Weijin Road, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Pei Guo
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94, Weijin Road, 300071, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Tianjin People's Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Mianzhi Zhang
- Dongfang Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | | | - Yirui Guo
- Tianjin First Central Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Minying Zhang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, 94, Weijin Road, 300071, Tianjin, China.
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Nymo S, Kleppe MM, Coutinho SR, Rehfeld JF, Kulseng B, Martins C. Association between habitual sleep duration/quality and appetite markers in individuals with obesity. Physiol Behav 2021; 232:113345. [PMID: 33524425 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES To assess if habitual sleep duration/quality was associated with appetite in individuals with obesity, and if the association was modulated by sex. METHODS Sleep duration/quality was measured with Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score in 95 healthy adults with obesity (BMI: 36.6 ± 4.2 kg/m2). Subjective feelings of appetite were assessed using visual analogue scales, and plasma concentrations of active ghrelin, total peptide YY, active glucagon-like peptide 1, cholecystokinin (CCK) and insulin were measured in fasting and every 30 min up to 2.5 h after a meal. RESULTS No significant associations were found between sleep duration, or overall quality, and appetite in all participants. However, a worse sleep efficiency was associated with lower postprandial CCK, a shorter habitual sleep was associated with lower postprandial desire to eat and a lower daytime dysfunction was associated with higher prospective food consumption in fasting (P<0.05, for all). In males, a shorter habitual sleep duration and a worse subjective sleep quality were associated with increased basal and postprandial active ghrelin (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively). Also, a shorter habitual sleep was associated with lower basal and postprandial insulin (P<0.05 for both) and a worse overall sleep quality with lower postprandial insulin (P<0.05). In females, a worse overall sleep quality was associated with lower postprandial active ghrelin (P<0.05), and short habitual sleep with higher postprandial insulin (P<0.05). CONCLUSION A worse habitual sleep efficiency is associated with blunted postprandial CCK secretion in individuals with obesity. The association between habitual sleep duration/quality and insulin and active ghrelin seems to be modulated by sex, but more studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siren Nymo
- Obesity Research Group, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Clinic of Surgery, Namsos Hospital, Norway.
| | - Malin M Kleppe
- Obesity Research Group, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Silvia R Coutinho
- Obesity Research Group, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jens F Rehfeld
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bård Kulseng
- Obesity Research Group, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; Centre for Obesity and Innovation (ObeCe), Clinic of Surgery, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Catia Martins
- Obesity Research Group, Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; Centre for Obesity and Innovation (ObeCe), Clinic of Surgery, St. Olav University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Silva-Costa A, Rotenberg L, Nobre AA, Chor D, Aquino EM, Melo EC, Barreto SM, Schmidt MI, Griep RH. Sex differences in the association between self-reported sleep duration, insomnia symptoms and cardiometabolic risk factors: cross-sectional findings from Brazilian longitudinal study of adult health. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 78:48. [PMID: 32514345 PMCID: PMC7257140 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-020-00429-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background The U-shaped associations between sleep durations and cardiometabolic risk factors (glycated hemoglobin levels, obesity, hypertriglyceridemia, hypertension and cholesterol levels) are still inconclusive. Moreover, as sleep is comprised of quantitative and qualitative aspects, exploring both insomnia symptoms and sleep duration are relevant when evaluating the potential effects of sleep problems on health. The aim was to evaluate sex-specific associations between sleep problems and cardiometabolic risk factors. Methods This cross-sectional study used data from wave two of the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil), including 7491 women and 6232 men. Questionnaires were administered to provide information about socioeconomic conditions, lifestyle, and sleep characteristics. A 12-h fasting blood sample was drawn to measure serum cholesterol, triglycerides, and glycated hemoglobin. Blood pressure, weight and height were also measured using standard equipment. Generalized additive models were used to evaluate the curve shape of the relationship between self-reported sleep duration and the outcomes. Logistic regression was performed to investigate the magnitude of the associations of self-reported sleep duration, insomnia symptoms, and short sleep plus insomnia symptoms with cardiometabolic risk factors. Results For women, self-reported sleep duration and insomnia symptoms (either separately or linked to short sleep duration) were associated with obesity, hypertension and glycated hemoglobin after adjusting for the confounders. The magnitudes of the associations between self-reported short sleep duration plus insomnia symptoms and the outcomes were slightly increased, considering sleep duration or insomnia symptoms separately. For men, both long sleep duration and insomnia symptoms were associated with hypertriglyceridemia after adjusted for the confounders. Conclusion These findings suggest possible sex-specific patterns, since obesity, hypertension and high glycated hemoglobin were associated with self-reported sleep duration and insomnia symptoms in women, but not in men, and reinforce the importance of considering quantitative and qualitative aspects of sleep for the prevention and management of the outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Silva-Costa
- Department of Collective Health, Federal University of Triangulo Mineiro (UFTM), Uberaba, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Lucia Rotenberg
- Laboratory of Health and Environment Education, Oswaldo Cruz Institute - Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Aline A Nobre
- Scientific Computing Program, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Dora Chor
- National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - ENSP/FIOCRUZ, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Estela M Aquino
- Institute of Collective Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Enirtes C Melo
- National School of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation - ENSP/FIOCRUZ, Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Sandhi M Barreto
- Postgraduate Program in Public Health and School of Medicine & Clinical Hospital, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG Brazil
| | - Maria Inês Schmidt
- Postgraduate Programme in Epidemiology - School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS Brazil
| | - Rosane H Griep
- Laboratory of Health and Environment Education, Oswaldo Cruz Institute - Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Associations between sleep and obesity indices in older adults: results from the HELIAD study. Aging Clin Exp Res 2019; 31:1645-1650. [PMID: 30628048 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-018-01113-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Short sleep duration and low sleep quality are negatively associated with obesity in young adults, but in older people the results are inconsistent. AIMS The aim of the present study was to examine the associations between sleep duration and quality with both body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) and to investigate sex- and age-specific associations in a population-representative cohort of older adults. METHODS 1781 participants ≥ 65 years old from the HELIAD study were included. Sleep duration and quality were based on self-report, whereas BMΙ and WC were evaluated clinically. RESULTS Sleep duration was inversely related to WC, only in women, even after adjustment for age, sex, years of education, total energy intake and level of physical activity. Furthermore, sleep quality was negatively related to both BMI and WC in women. In men, however, no significant relationships were observed between these variables. Associations between sleep and weight did not differ between those aged < 73 and ≥ 73 years old. DISCUSSION To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study examining both sleep duration and quality with BMI and WC in older adults, performing by-sex analysis. Although additional studies are needed, improvements in sleep habits should be considered in weight management of older individuals. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that poor sleep is associated to adverse weight effects in older women, but not men.
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The Association between Air Pollution and Sleep Duration: A Cohort Study of Freshmen at a University in Beijing, China. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16183362. [PMID: 31514480 PMCID: PMC6766077 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16183362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background: Rising levels of air pollution in Beijing, China have become a serious environmental issue affecting human health, and young adults are experiencing high rates of insufficient sleep duration or a lack of sleep. Gaps in previous research remain regarding the relationship between air pollution and sleep duration among young adults. The purpose of this study is to assess the associations between air pollution and sleep duration among college students living in Beijing, China. Methods: We conducted follow-up health surveys on 16,889 freshman students enrolled at Tsinghua University over a five-year study period (2013–2018). Sleep duration was measured using the Chinese version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (CPSQI), which has been validated in China to measure sleep duration. Corresponding levels of the average hourly air quality index (AQI), PM2.5 (µg/m3), PM10 (µg/m3), and NO2 (µg/m3) were gathered from data provided by the Beijing Municipal Ecological Environment Bureau in a closed site at Tsinghua University. Multilevel mixed-effects linear regression models were used to analyze the data. Results: One standard deviation increase in air pollution concentration in AQI, PM2.5, PM10, and NO2 was associated with a reduction in daily hours of sleep by 0.68 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.63, 0.73), 0.55 (95% CI = 0.51, 0.59), 0.70 (95% CI = 0.64, 0.76), and 0.51 (95% CI = 0.47, 0.54), respectively. Conclusions: Air pollution was associated with a reduction in sleep duration among freshman students living in Beijing, China. Replication of this study is warranted among various populations within China.
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Koolhaas CM, Kocevska D, Te Lindert BHW, Erler NS, Franco OH, Luik AI, Tiemeier H. Objectively measured sleep and body mass index: a prospective bidirectional study in middle-aged and older adults. Sleep Med 2019; 57:43-50. [PMID: 30897455 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.01.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent years, short sleep has been increasingly recognized as a risk factor for obesity. However, current evidence has so far been limited to cross-sectional studies or longitudinal studies using self-reported sleep. Therefore, we explored the directionality of the association between objectively measured sleep and body mass index (BMI). METHODS The study consists of 1031 participants from the general population (52% women, 45-91 years at baseline). Sleep, BMI and waist circumference (WC) were measured twice across a follow-up of six years. BMI and WC were measured at the research center. Total sleep time (TST, hrs), sleep onset latency (SOL, min), sleep efficiency (SE, %) and wake after sleep onset (WASO, min) were estimated by a wrist-worn actigraph. In addition, cross-sectional and longitudinal associations in both directions were explored. RESULTS An hour shorter TST was cross-sectionally associated with approximately 0.5 kg/m2 higher BMI. Longitudinally, longer TST and higher SE were associated with lower BMI (βTST = -0.75, 95% CI: -1.08, -0.42; βSE = -0.04, 95% CI: -0.08, -0.01). Conversely, one kg/m2 higher BMI was prospectively associated with 0.02 h shorter TST (95% CI: -0.03, -0.01), and this association was more pronounced over time. Results from analyses with WC were in line with those of BMI. CONCLUSIONS This is the first study to explore bidirectionality in the association between objectively measured sleep and BMI in a large population of middle-aged and older adults. Indices of poor sleep were associated with higher and less stable BMI across time. Conversely, a high BMI was associated with a decrease in sleep duration. This confirms that the relation between sleep and body size is bidirectional, and changes in either sleep or BMI are likely to co-occur with changes in health through multiple pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal M Koolhaas
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Desana Kocevska
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Bart H W Te Lindert
- Department of Sleep and Cognition, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nicole S Erler
- Department of Biostatistics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Oscar H Franco
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Switzerland
| | - Annemarie I Luik
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Henning Tiemeier
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Department of Social and Behavioral Science, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, USA
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Trolle Lagerros Y, Hantikainen E, Mariosa D, Ye W, Adami HO, Grotta A, Ghilotti F, Bellocco R. Cohort Profile: The Swedish National March Cohort. Int J Epidemiol 2018; 46:795-795e. [PMID: 27649800 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyw193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ylva Trolle Lagerros
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Clinic of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Essi Hantikainen
- Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Mariosa
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Weimin Ye
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans-Olov Adami
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston,MA, USA
| | - Alessandra Grotta
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Francesca Ghilotti
- Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rino Bellocco
- Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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10
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A meta-analysis of associations between obesity and insomnia diagnosis and symptoms. Sleep Med Rev 2018; 40:170-182. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2017.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Insomnia symptoms and sleep duration and their combined effects in relation to associations with obesity and central obesity. Sleep Med 2018; 46:81-87. [PMID: 29773216 DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2018.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have shown that both sleep duration and insomnia have an impact on obesity and central obesity. However, studies of the joint effects of these sleep disorders are still sparse. METHODS The present study utilized data from the Swedish EpiHealth cohort study. Participants (45-78 y) were asked to fill out an internet-based questionnaire. Body mass index (BMI) and central obesity (calculated from waist circumference) were based on measured data. RESULTS A total of 18,823 participants (mean age = 60 ys) were included in this study. The reported prevalence of short (<6 h/night) and long (>9 h/night) sleep duration was 8% and 4% respectively, and insomnia symptoms was 19%. Of the study population, 16% were obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2) and 40% had central obesity. There was a U-shaped association between sleep duration and obesity and central obesity, and significant associations between insomnia symptoms and obesity. When stratifying sleep duration by concurrent insomnia symptoms, there were associations (odds ratios, (95% confidence intervals)) between the combination of both short (1.48, (1.22-1.80)) and long sleep duration (1.77 (1.00-3.16)) with insomnia symptoms and obesity and central obesity (1.36 (1.16-1.61) and 2.44 (1.41-3.24) respectively). However, there was no significant association between insomnia symptoms and obesity or central obesity in participants with normal sleep duration. For central obesity there was an association with long sleep duration regardless of insomnia symptoms, while the association with short sleep duration was significant only if insomnia symptoms were present. CONCLUSIONS Both short and long sleep duration, as well as insomnia symptoms, are associated with obesity and central obesity. There is an important joint effect of sleep duration and insomnia symptoms and there is no association between insomnia symptoms and obesity, as long as a normal sleeping time can be attained. This indicates that sleep duration rather than insomnia symptoms per se is of importance for the relationship between sleep and obesity.
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12
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Qasim A, Turcotte M, de Souza RJ, Samaan MC, Champredon D, Dushoff J, Speakman JR, Meyre D. On the origin of obesity: identifying the biological, environmental and cultural drivers of genetic risk among human populations. Obes Rev 2018; 19:121-149. [PMID: 29144594 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Genetic predisposition to obesity presents a paradox: how do genetic variants with a detrimental impact on human health persist through evolutionary time? Numerous hypotheses, such as the thrifty genotype hypothesis, attempt to explain this phenomenon yet fail to provide a justification for the modern obesity epidemic. In this critical review, we appraise existing theories explaining the evolutionary origins of obesity and explore novel biological and sociocultural agents of evolutionary change to help explain the modern-day distribution of obesity-predisposing variants. Genetic drift, acting as a form of 'blind justice,' may randomly affect allele frequencies across generations while gene pleiotropy and adaptations to diverse environments may explain the rise and subsequent selection of obesity risk alleles. As an adaptive response, epigenetic regulation of gene expression may impact the manifestation of genetic predisposition to obesity. Finally, exposure to malnutrition and disease epidemics in the wake of oppressive social systems, culturally mediated notions of attractiveness and desirability, and diverse mating systems may play a role in shaping the human genome. As an important first step towards the identification of important drivers of obesity gene evolution, this review may inform empirical research focused on testing evolutionary theories by way of population genetics and mathematical modelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Qasim
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - M Turcotte
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - R J de Souza
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - M C Samaan
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, McMaster Children's Hospital, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - D Champredon
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Agent-Based Modelling Laboratory, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - J Dushoff
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - J R Speakman
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK.,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - D Meyre
- Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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Abstract
Collectively, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies on self-reported sleep duration and obesity do not show a clear pattern of association with some showing a negative linear relationship, some showing a U-shaped relationship, and some showing no relationship. Associations between sleep duration and obesity seem stronger in younger adults. Cross-sectional studies using objectively measured sleep duration (actigraphy or polysomnography (PSG)) also show this mixed pattern whereas all longitudinal studies to date using actigraphy or PSG have failed to show a relationship with obesity/weight gain. It is still too early and a too easy solution to suggest that changing the sleep duration will cure the obesity epidemic. Given novel results on emotional stress and poor sleep as mediating factors in the relationship between sleep duration and obesity, detection and management of these should become the target of future clinical efforts as well as future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Theorell-Haglöw
- Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Eva Lindberg
- Department of Medical Sciences, Respiratory, Allergy and Sleep Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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14
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Abstract
The prevalence of obesity has increased dramatically over the past decade. Although an imbalance between caloric intake and physical activity is considered a key factor responsible for the increase, there is emerging evidence suggesting that other factors may be important contributors to weight gain, including inadequate sleep. Overall research evidence suggests that inadequate sleep is associated with obesity. Importantly, the strength and trajectory of the association seem to be influenced by multiple factors including age. Although limited, the emerging evidence suggests young adults might be at the center of a "perfect health storm," exposing them to the highest risk for obesity and inadequate sleep. Unfortunately, the methods necessary for elucidating the complex relationship between sleep and obesity are lacking. Uncovering the underlying factors and trajectories between inadequate sleep and weight gain in different populations may help to identify the windows of susceptibility and to design targeted interventions to prevent the negative impact of obesity and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Perla A Vargas
- New College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, School of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Arizona State University, 4701 W Thunderbird Rd, MC 3051, Glendale, AZ, 85306, USA.
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