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Restrepo C, Lobbezoo F, Castrillon E, Svensson P, Santamaria A, Manfredini D. Correlations between sleep architecture and sleep-related masseter muscle activity in children with sleep bruxism. J Oral Rehabil 2024; 51:110-116. [PMID: 36790219 DOI: 10.1111/joor.13430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sleep bruxism (SB) occurring during No-REM (nREM) sleep and increase in microarousals per hour have been described in adults, but not in children. OBJECTIVE To assess the correlation between sleep architecture and masseter muscle activity related to sleep bruxism (SB/MMA) in children. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-three children aged 7-12 years (mean age: 9.4 ± 1.3) with confirmed SB underwent a two-night polysomnographic (PSG) study in a sleep laboratory, for accommodation (first night) and data collection (second night). Data on sleep architecture (total sleep duration (TSD), sleep efficiency (SE), sleep onset latency (SOL), REM and nREM sleep duration and proportion and microarousals/hour during REM and nREM sleep) and episodes/hour of SB/MMA were recorded. Single and multiple-variable linear regression analyses were performed to assess the correlation between data on sleep architecture (predictors) and SB/MMA (dependent variable). RESULTS Shorter TSD, REM and nREM stage 1 sleep duration, longer SOL and more microarousals/hour during REM and nREM sleep were found to be positive predictors of SB/MMA in children in the multiple-variable regression analysis (R2 = 0.511). CONCLUSION Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that SB/MMA is correlated with altered sleep architecture in children (shorter total sleep duration (TSD), shorter nREM and REM sleep and higher microarousals during REM and nREM sleep). Nevertheless, the clinical significance of these findings need to be demonstrated in future studies.
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Gutiérrez-González E, Sánchez Arenas F, López-Sobaler AM, Andreu Ivorra B, Rollán Gordo A, García-Solano M. Socioeconomic and gender inequalities in childhood obesity in Spain. An Pediatr (Barc) 2023; 99:111-121. [PMID: 37517879 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2023.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Childhood obesity is inversely associated with household socioeconomic status in high-income countries. Our aim was to explore the association between childhood weight status and household socioeconomic status in Spain in relation to family characteristics, perceptions and lifestyle habits and the school environment. METHODS We performed a descriptive analysis of child weight status according to family socioeconomic factors and mediating variables based on data from the ALADINO 2019 study in a sample of 16,665 schoolchildren representative of the population aged 6-9 years in Spain. RESULTS The prevalence of childhood obesity in households with low socioeconomic status (26.8% boys; 20.4% girls) was, in both sexes, twice as high as in those with higher socioeconomic status (12.1% boys; 8.7% girls). Unhealthy eating habits, sedentary lifestyles (mainly in girls) and the presence of screens in the bedroom (more prevalent in boys) were more frequent in school-aged children from low-income households. On the other hand, in the most disadvantaged households, a history of breastfeeding and physical activity (especially in girls) were less frequent. Similarly, schools attended by children from low-income households were less likely to have their own kitchens and indoor gymnasiums or offer sports activities. CONCLUSION A lower household socioeconomic status was associated with poorer dietary and physical activity habits and certain characteristics of the family and school environments that mediate the inverse association between household socioeconomic status and the prevalence of childhood obesity. Girls were less physically active and reported more sedentary lifestyles, while boys had greater access to screens. Interventions to combat childhood obesity should address the identified inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Gutiérrez-González
- Subdirección General de Nutrición, Agencia Española de Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutrición, Ministerio de Consumo, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Ana María López-Sobaler
- Departamento de Nutrición y Ciencias de los Alimentos, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain; Grupo de Investigación "Valoración Nutricional de Individuos y Colectivos: Metodología y Aplicaciones" (VALORNUT), Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Blanca Andreu Ivorra
- Servicio de Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario de Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Almudena Rollán Gordo
- Subdirección General de Nutrición, Agencia Española de Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutrición, Ministerio de Consumo, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta García-Solano
- Subdirección General de Nutrición, Agencia Española de Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutrición, Ministerio de Consumo, Madrid, Spain.
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Veldman S, Altenburg T, Chinapaw M, Gubbels J. Correlates of screen time in the early years (0-5 years): A systematic review. Prev Med Rep 2023; 33:102214. [PMID: 37223568 PMCID: PMC10201873 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of young children engage in high levels of screen time. To inform future interventions, knowledge on correlates of screen time is important. This review expands on previous work by focusing on the entire early childhood range, and including a broad focus regarding types of correlates and screens. A literature search (PubMed, Embase, PsycINFO, SPORTDiscus) was performed from 2000 up to October 2021. Included studies (cross-sectional and prospective) examined associations between a potential correlate and screen time (duration or frequency) in typically developing, apparently healthy children aged 0-5 years. Methodological quality was assessed by two independent researchers. Fifty-two of 6,614 studies were included. Two studies had high methodological quality. We found moderate evidence for a positive association between an electronic device in the bedroom, parental screen time, having a TV on at home, descriptive norms and screen time, and a negative association between sleep duration, household features, high value on physical activity, monitoring screen time, being in childcare, parental self-efficacy and screen time. We found no evidence for an association for child sex, body mass index, physical activity, temperament, number of siblings, being a first-born, neighborhood-related factors, socio-economic indicators, and parental marital status, physical activity, weight status, depression, wellbeing, sex, age and positive outcome expectations. The evidence for other investigated correlates was inconsistent or insufficient. Despite the evidence for moderate associations, we were unable to draw strong conclusions. More high-quality research is needed to identify correlates of screen time in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- S.L.C. Veldman
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Mulier Institute, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - T.M. Altenburg
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M.J.M. Chinapaw
- Department of Public and Occupational Health, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J.S. Gubbels
- Department of Health Promotion, NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Wu Y, Ye S. Longitudinal Association of Changes in Parental Correlates With Screen Time in Chinese Preschoolers. J Phys Act Health 2023:1-8. [PMID: 37156542 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to explore the relationship between the changes in parent-related factors and preschoolers exceeding screen time (ST) recommendations. METHODS A longitudinal analysis using 2-year follow-up data from 4 kindergartens (n = 409) was conducted in Zhejiang, China, from 2019 to 2021. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to determine the potential parental modifiable predictors. RESULTS The significant associations of baseline ST, change in screen accessibility, and the interaction of preschooler ST with maternal ST change with preschooler follow-up ST were observed. For preschool-aged children with baseline ST ≤ 1 hour per day, the follow-up of preschoolers with ST > 1 hour per day increased significantly when parental clarity of their ST rules decreased or remained low. For preschool children with baseline ST > 1 hour per day, follow-up ST increased significantly when their father kept ST >2 hours per day, when the screen accessibility became or remained easy, or when parental awareness of the ST decreased. CONCLUSIONS Changes in parental correlates played an important role in preschooler ST based on 2-year longitudinal data. Early interventions should focus on improving the clarity of parental rules and perceptions, as well as on reducing parental ST and accessibility of home screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wu
- Department of Preschool Education, Jiaxing University Pinghu Normal College, Jiaxing,China
| | - Sunyue Ye
- Institute of Child Development, Jiaxing University Pinghu Normal College, Jiaxing,China
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Ke Y, Chen S, Hong J, Liang Y, Liu Y. Associations between socioeconomic status and screen time among children and adolescents in China: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280248. [PMID: 36952470 PMCID: PMC10035844 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Socioeconomic status (SES) is an important determinant of screen time (ST) in children and adolescents, however, the association between SES and ST is not fully understood in China. This study aimed to investigate the association between SES and ST (operationalized as meeting the ST guidelines; no more than 2 hours per day) in Chinese children and adolescents. Methods Cross-sectional data of 2,955 Chinese children and adolescents aged 8 to 17(53.4% girls) were used. SES was measured using indicators of parental education and perceived family wealth. ST was assessed with detailed items from the Health Behaviour School-aged Children survey questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and a Chi-square test were used to report the sample characteristics and analyse ST differences across different sociodemographic groups. A binary logistic regression was then applied to analyse the association of SES indicators with ST in children and adolescents. Results Overall, 25.3% of children and adolescents met the ST guidelines. Children and adolescents with higher parental education levels were 1.84 [95% CI 1.31–2.57; father] and 1.42 [95% CI 1.02–1.98; mother] times more likely to meet the ST guidelines than those with lower parental education levels. Associations between SES and ST varied across sex and grade groups. Moreover, the associations of SES with ST on weekdays and weekends were different. Conclusions This study demonstrated the association between SES and ST in children and adolescents, highlighting the importance of targeting children and adolescents with low SES levels as an intervention priority. Based on our findings, specific interventions can be tailored to effectively reduce ST. Future studies are encouraged to use longitudinal or interventional designs to further determine the association between SES and ST.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youzhi Ke
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Sitong Chen
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jintao Hong
- Shanghai Research Institute of Sports Science (Shanghai Anti-Doping Agency), Shanghai, China
| | - Yahan Liang
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Physical Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Research Center for Physical Fitness and Health of Children and Adolescents, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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Kamga Fogno AW, Rouquette A, Gronfier C, Bernard JY, Plancoulaine S. Associations between screen use, outdoor time/daylight exposure and sleep changes during the first COVID-19 lockdown in French children from the ELFE and EPIPAGE2 birth cohorts. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:1649-1656. [PMID: 36807866 PMCID: PMC10173720 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS To investigate associations between outdoor and screen time and changes in sleep patterns in children from two nationwide birth-cohorts in the SAPRIS project. METHODS During the first French COVID-19 pandemic lockdown, volunteer parents of children enrolled in the ELFE and EPIPAGE2 birth-cohorts completed online questions about their child's outdoor time, screen time, and changes in sleep duration and quality compared with the pre-lockdown situation. In 5700 children (aged 8-9 years, 52% boys) with available data, we assessed associations between outdoor time, screen time, and sleep changes using multinomial logistic regression models adjusted for confounders. RESULTS Children spent on average 3 h08 outdoors and 4 h34 using screens/day (3 h27 for leisure, 1 h07 for class-work). Sleep duration increased in 36% of children and decreased in 13.4%; sleep difficulties appeared/increased in 22.5% and decreased/disappeared/remained stable in 18.3%. After adjustment, increased screen time, especially for leisure, was associated with increased and decreased sleep duration (OR(95%CI) = 1.03(1.00-1.06) and OR = 1.06(1.02-1.10), respectively). No association was observed between outdoor time and sleep changes after adjustment. CONCLUSIONS Our study adds evidence for the association between high leisure-time screen time and shorter sleep time. It supports current screen guidelines for children, especially during leisure time and for those whose sleep duration is short.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Wilfried Kamga Fogno
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Center for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Paris, France
| | - Alexandra Rouquette
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, Inserm U1018, CESP, Paris, France.,AP-HP Paris-Saclay, Hôpital du Kremlin Bicêtre, Service de Santé Publique et d'Epidemiologie, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France
| | - Claude Gronfier
- Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, CRNS, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, Bron, France
| | - Jonathan Y Bernard
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Center for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Paris, France.,Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences (SICS), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sabine Plancoulaine
- Université Paris Cité and Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, Inserm, INRAE, Center for Research in Epidemiology and StatisticS (CRESS), Paris, France.,Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, INSERM, CRNS, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon CRNL U1028 UMR5292, Bron, France
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Clara MI, Clemente V, Abrantes J, Marques DR, Azevedo MHP, Allen Gomes A. Sleep-wake patterns and disturbances in Portuguese primary school children: a comparison between 1995 and 2016. Sleep Biol Rhythms 2022; 20:541-549. [PMID: 38468612 PMCID: PMC10900031 DOI: 10.1007/s41105-022-00400-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose It is often assumed sleep duration has decreased and sleep schedules have delayed over the last decades, as society modernized. We aimed to investigate changes in the sleep patterns of school-age children over time. Methods We compared the sleep timings, durations, and disturbances of primary school-age children in 1995 and roughly two decades later, in 2016. Data from 666 children attending the 3rd and 4th grades of basic education were combined from two different cross-sectional school-based studies conducted within the same educational region of mainland Portugal using the same parent-report questionnaire (Children's Sleep-wake Patterns Questionnaire). Results Mean sleep duration did not differ significantly between the two time points (schooldays: t = .118, p = .906; free days: t = 1.310, p = .191), albeit the percentage of children sleeping the recommended number of hours decreased significantly in 2016 when compared to 1995 (schooldays: χ2 = 4.406, p = .036; free days: χ2 = 16.859, p < .001). Wake-times advanced on free days in 2016. Difficulties on settling to sleep alone and returning to sleep were more prevalent in 2016, as well as fearing the dark and needing lights on or parent's presence to fall asleep. Conclusions Sleep onset-related disturbances appear to have increased from 1995 to 2016. One possible explanation for this increase might be the change in parental practices preventing children from learning to fall asleep autonomously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Inês Clara
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Rua Do Colégio Novo, 3000-115 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Vanda Clemente
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Rua Do Colégio Novo, 3000-115 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Sleep Medicine Center, University Hospital Center of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Joana Abrantes
- Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Daniel R. Marques
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Ana Allen Gomes
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Coimbra, Rua Do Colégio Novo, 3000-115 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Research in Neuropsychology and Cognitive Behavioral Intervention, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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Primary School Children's Sleep Habits: Association with Socioeconomic Factors and Physical Activity Habits. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 9:children9070965. [PMID: 35883948 PMCID: PMC9317587 DOI: 10.3390/children9070965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Sleep disorders have significant health impacts and affect children’s performance and wellbeing. This study aims to characterise the sleep habits of Portuguese primary school children considering socioeconomic factors, daily lifestyle, presence of electronic devices in the bedrooms, and the practice of physical and sports activity (PSA) and to identify clinical factors that may be related to a child’s insufficient sleeping time. This study involved 1438 primary students. Sleep habits and problems were assessed using the short version of the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ). The mean sleep duration was 9 h 37 min/ per night (SD = 44 min). The prevalence of global sleep disturbances was 25.8%. The main factors we identified to be positively associated with a child’s sleep deficit (i.e., <10 h) were: being older than 7 years, living further away from school, having electronic devices in the bedroom, going to bed and eating dinner later, less daily time of PSA, and having higher scores on the sleep duration subscales. Sleeping and eating habits, electronic devices in the bedroom, and a low level of engagement with PSA are associated with children’s sleep disturbance and shorter sleep duration.
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Self-Rated Health Status of Upper Secondary School Pupils and Its Associations with Multiple Health-Related Factors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116947. [PMID: 35682529 PMCID: PMC9180056 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Health is an essential part of any individual, and gains particular importance in youth, as a good health at this age is more likely to reduce health risks both in the short and long term. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of physical and contextual parameters on youths’ perceived health. A total of 919 adolescents completed questionnaires on self-rated health status, electronic media use, leisure time and club physical activity, alcohol and tobacco consumption, and back pain, as well as performed the German Motor Performance Test. Participants with very good health had significantly higher physical fitness, leisure time exercise, and participated in sports clubs more often than those with poorer health. Electronic media use was significantly higher for those with poor/very poor health. Future intervention programs to improve youth health status should not only focus on active lifestyle but might also consider the impact of socioenvironmental factors, such as daily media use.
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