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Viola I, Tizzani P, Perona G, Lussiana C, Mimosi A, Ponzio P, Cornale P. Hazelnut Skin in Ewes' Diet: Effects on Colostrum Immunoglobulin G and Passive Transfer of Immunity to the Lambs. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12223220. [PMID: 36428447 PMCID: PMC9686705 DOI: 10.3390/ani12223220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Passive immunity transfer has a pivotal role in newborn lambs, where the colostrum represents the primary source of immunoglobulins. This study hypothesized that the high content in polyphenolic compounds, mono- and poly-unsaturated fatty acids, and vitamin E of hazelnut skin affects blood and colostrum immunoglobulin G (IgG) concentration and related gamma-glutamyl-transferase (GGT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in sheep and their lambs. In the last 45 days of pregnancy, ewes were divided into a control (CTR) and a hazelnut skin supplemented group (HZN). Blood and colostrum were collected from ewes and lambs before the first suckling, at 24 and 48 h after birth, then IgG concentration, GGT and LDH activity levels were measured. IgG concentration in the colostrum and in lamb's serum were significantly greater in HZN than CTR. No significant difference was detected for ewe's blood. A significant positive correlation was found between IgG and GGT in lambs' serum and colostrum, between IgG and LDH, as well as between GGT and LDH in lambs' serum and colostrum. Our results suggest that hazelnut skin supplementation influences IgG colostrum concentration, with improved immune passive transfer to the suckling lambs. The transfer of maternal derived immune factors is confirmed by the GGT and LDH enzyme activity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Viola
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Paolo Tizzani
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Giovanni Perona
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Carola Lussiana
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Antonio Mimosi
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Patrizia Ponzio
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
| | - Paolo Cornale
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, TO, Italy
- Correspondence:
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Genetic structure of reconstituted native Carpathian goat breed based on information from microsatellite markers. ANNALS OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/aoas-2022-0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the genetic structure of the reconstituted native Carpathian goat breed based on information from microsatellite markers. The study analysed of 14 microsatellite markers recommended by the International Society for Animal Genetics (ISAG) for goats individual identification and parentage testing. Blood samples were taken from 249 Carpathian goats from 14 farms. All microsatellite markers deployed in this analysis showed sufficient polymorphism to assess genetic variation in Carpathian goats and the ISAG-recommended panel for goat individual identification and parentage testing is a highly useful one. The present study showed the status of the genetic structure of the reconstituted population of Carpathian goats. Carpathian goats maintained in Poland were characterized by relatively high genetic diversity (the average of alleles per locus was 9.143), high values of heterozygosity and a low level of inbreeding coefficient. The obtained parameters indicate the correctness of the breeding activities carried out within the framework of the programme for the protection of genetic resources and give guidelines for taking further steps related to the breeding of this valuable native breed.
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Renna M, Lussiana C, Colonna L, Malfatto VM, Mimosi A, Cornale P. Inclusion of Cocoa Bean Shell in the Diet of Dairy Goats: Effects on Milk Production Performance and Milk Fatty Acid Profile. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:848452. [PMID: 35252429 PMCID: PMC8894810 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.848452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of agro-industrial by-products in animal nutrition is a promising strategy to reduce the food-feed competition, the diet cost at farm level and the environmental impact of animal-derived food production. In this study, the suitability of cocoa bean shell (CBS), a by-product of the cocoa industry, as a feed ingredient in the diet of dairy goats was evaluated, with a focus on the related implications on feed intake, milk yield, milk main constituents, and fatty acid (FA) profile of milk fat. Twenty-two Camosciata delle Alpi goats were divided into two balanced groups. All the goats were fed mixed hay ad libitum. The control group (CTRL; n = 11) also received 1.20 kg/head × day of a commercial concentrate, while in the experimental group (CBS; n = 11) 200 g of the CTRL concentrate were replaced by the same amount of pelleted CBS. The total dry matter intake of the goats was reduced by the dietary inclusion of CBS (P ≤ 0.01). The milk yield, as well as the milk fat, protein, and casein contents and yields were unaffected by the treatment. Milk from the CBS-fed goats showed decreased urea content when compared to the CTRL group (P ≤ 0.001). Milk from the CBS group of goats also showed increased concentrations of total branched-chain FA (both iso and anteiso forms; P ≤ 0.001) and total monounsaturated FA (P ≤ 0.05), as well as a decreased ∑ n6/∑ n3 FA ratio (P ≤ 0.05). De novo saturated FA, total polyunsaturated FA, total conjugated linoleic acids, and the majority of ruminal biohydrogenation intermediates remained unaffected by the dietary treatment. These results suggest that CBS can be strategically used as an alternative non-conventional raw material in diets intended for lactating goats, with no detrimental effects on their milk production performance. The use of CBS in goat nutrition may be hindered by the presence of theobromine, a toxic alkaloid. Special attention is needed by nutritionists to avoid exceeding the theobromine limits imposed by the current legislation. Detheobromination treatments are also suggested in literature to prevent toxic phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Renna
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
- *Correspondence: Manuela Renna
| | - Carola Lussiana
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Letizia Colonna
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Vanda Maria Malfatto
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Antonio Mimosi
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Paolo Cornale
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
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Renna M, Lussiana C, Malfatto V, Gerbelle M, Turille G, Medana C, Ghirardello D, Mimosi A, Cornale P. Evaluating the Suitability of Hazelnut Skin as a Feed Ingredient in the Diet of Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10091653. [PMID: 32938019 PMCID: PMC7552223 DOI: 10.3390/ani10091653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Agriculture is estimated to generate about 700 million tons of waste annually in the Eurpoean Union (EU). Most of the by-products derived from the agricultural industry become organic waste, thus resulting in the loss of valuable nutrients and bioactive compounds and causing environmental and economic issues. Increasing the efficiency of waste management is a major global challenge that must be met in order to minimize the abovementioned negative impacts. Some agro-industrial by-products can be valorized by their inclusion in feed formulations. Hazelnut skin is a by-product of the hazelnut industry. It is a good source of phenolic compounds, polysaccharides, unsaturated fatty acids, and vitamin E. In this study, we evaluated the productive performance of dairy cows in response to the inclusion of hazelnut skin in the diet. We observed no effects of hazelnut skin on either the milk production level or fat and protein contents. The oleic acid concentration in milk was strongly increased by including hazelnut skin in the cows’ diet. Improvements in the antioxidant activity and sustainability of milk production in terms of food–feed competition were also observed. These results are of practical application for feed manufacturers and farmers, as they support the inclusion of sustainable and low-cost feed ingredients in ruminant diets, with the aim of supporting the expected increase in livestock production in the upcoming years. Abstract Hazelnut skin (HS) was evaluated as a source of nutrients for dairy cows. In total, 26 Aosta Red Pied cows were divided into two balanced groups. All cows were fed hay ad libitum. The control group was also given 6 kg of concentrate, while the hazelnut skin group (HAZ) was given 1 kg of the same concentrate that was substituted by 1 kg of HS. The dry matter intake of the cows was reduced by the dietary inclusion of HS (p ≤ 0.001). The milk yield and main constituents were unaffected by treatment. Milk from HAZ cows showed decreased concentrations of de novo saturated fatty acids (FAs), odd- and branched-chain FA, α-linolenic acid, and long-chain n-3 FAs, as well as increased concentrations of stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, total monounsaturated FAs, trans biohydrogenation intermediates, and α–tocopherol. Replacing the concentrate with HS increased the human-inedible feed quota in the diet and improved the sustainability of milk production in terms of the food-feed competition. Our results suggest that it is possible to add economic value to organic waste from the hazelnut industry using HS as a feed ingredient for dairy cows, enhancing the feed efficiency and milk antioxidant activity and having expected impacts on the nutraceutical quality of milk fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Renna
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini, 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-011-670-8023
| | - Carola Lussiana
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy; (C.L.); (V.M.); (D.G.); (A.M.); (P.C.)
| | - Vanda Malfatto
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy; (C.L.); (V.M.); (D.G.); (A.M.); (P.C.)
| | | | - Germano Turille
- Institut Agricole Régional, 11100 Aosta, Italy; (M.G.); (G.T.)
| | - Claudio Medana
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, via Nizza 52, 10125 Turin, Italy;
| | - Daniela Ghirardello
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy; (C.L.); (V.M.); (D.G.); (A.M.); (P.C.)
| | - Antonio Mimosi
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy; (C.L.); (V.M.); (D.G.); (A.M.); (P.C.)
| | - Paolo Cornale
- Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Turin, Italy; (C.L.); (V.M.); (D.G.); (A.M.); (P.C.)
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Goat Dairy Product Assortment in Different Sales Channels in Northwestern Italy. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9100823. [PMID: 31627487 PMCID: PMC6827011 DOI: 10.3390/ani9100823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
An analysis of goat dairy-based product assortment was carried out in the metropolitan area of Turin (Northwestern Italy), considering three different sales channels: large-scale retail chains, retail stores, and direct sales in farmers' markets (FMs). The survey results show a widespread presence of goat products in the Turin market. In each type of selected distribution channel, characterized by its own peculiarities, products differed both in terms of reference numbers and assortment; they were better in large-scale retail distribution, both in terms of quality and typicality, whereas specialized retail and direct sales were better equipped. Furthermore, given the importance of the sector at the regional level, we also focused, through the analysis of product origin, on the fact that local provenience increases from large-scale distribution to fully regional farmers' markets. The mean price was different, being lower in direct sales at FMs, and medium to high and high at retail sales, as they are considered high quality niche products. The offer is correlated and in agreement with consumer targets (modern, ethical, and traditional), finding the "ideal" product in the different types offered, however, even if the results underline the potential of this sector, the fragmentation of the goat sector in Piedmont still represents a limit to expansion, and to the positioning of products in the market.
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Vacca GM, Paschino P, Dettori ML, Bergamaschi M, Cipolat-Gotet C, Bittante G, Pazzola M. Environmental, morphological, and productive characterization of Sardinian goats and use of latent explanatory factors for population analysis. J Anim Sci 2017; 94:3947-3957. [PMID: 27898896 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016-0542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dairy goat farming is practiced worldwide, within a range of different farming systems. Here we investigated the effects of environmental factors and morphology on milk traits of the Sardinian goat population. Sardinian goats are currently reared in Sardinia (Italy) in a low-input context, similar to many goat farming systems, especially in developing countries. Milk and morphological traits from 1,050 Sardinian goats from 42 farms were recorded. We observed a high variability regarding morphological traits, such as coat color, ear length and direction, horn presence, and udder shape. Such variability derived partly from the unplanned repeated crossbreeding of the native Sardinian goats with exotic breeds, especially Maltese goats. The farms located in the mountains were characterized by the traditional farming system and the lowest percentage of crossbred goats. Explanatory factors analysis was used to summarize the interrelated measured milk variables. The explanatory factor related to fat, protein, and energy content of milk (the "Quality" latent variable) explained about 30% of the variance of the whole data set of measured milk traits followed by the "Hygiene" (19%), "Production" (19%), and "Acidity" (11%) factors. The "Quality" and "Hygiene" factors were not affected by any of the farm classification items, whereas "Production" and "Acidity" were affected only by altitude and size of herds, respectively, indicating the adaptation of the local goat population to different environmental conditions. The use of latent explanatory factor analysis allowed us to clearly explain the large variability of milk traits, revealing that the Sardinian goat population cannot be divided into subpopulations based on milk attitude The factors, properly integrated with genetic data, may be useful tools in future selection programs.
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Mastrangelo S, Tolone M, Montalbano M, Tortorici L, Di Gerlando R, Sardina MT, Portolano B. Population genetic structure and milk production traits in Girgentana goat breed. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1071/an15431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the genetic status of the Girgentana goat, an endangered breed from Sicily (Italy), using microsatellite markers. Furthermore, as the main purpose of the Girgentana breed is milk production, quantitative milk traits were investigated, including fatty acid profile. Molecular data from CSN1S1, CSN2, CSN1S2, and CSN3 casein genes were also used to infer haplotypes. A total of 264 individuals were collected. Samples of Maltese (n = 41) and Derivata di Siria (n = 33) goat breeds were also used to understand the genetic relationship among breeds. Test-day records for milk production were collected to determine daily milk yield, fat, protein, casein, lactose, and somatic cell count. Individual milk samples were also collected for fatty acid extraction. Wright’s statistics, gene flow, Nei genetic distance, factorial correspondence analysis, and Bayesian assignment test showed the existence of genetic variability and differentiation among breeds. The AMOVA results indicated that 89.96% of the total variance was partitioned within populations. The Girgentana breed appears to have a subdivided population, and has not experienced a recent bottleneck. A high variability in milk yield was observed. Mean morning milk yield was 1448 ± 404 g, with 4.30 ± 0.87% and 3.72 ± 0.44% of fat and protein percentages, respectively. The average somatic cell count found in Girgentana goat milk was higher than the threshold of 1 500 000 cells/mL advised in Europe for fresh milk. Gross milk and fatty acid composition were similar to that reported in the literature for other local goat breeds.
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Salari F, Altomonte I, Ribeiro NL, Ribeiro MN, Bozzi R, Martini M. Effects of season on the quality of Garfagnina goat milk. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2016.1247658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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de Sousa YRF, da Silva Vasconcelos MA, Costa RG, de Azevedo Filho CA, de Paiva EP, Queiroga RDCRDE. Sialic acid content of goat milk during lactation. Livest Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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