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Lucas JA, Hsu A, Heintzman J, Bailey SR, Suglia SF, Bazemore A, Giebultowicz S, Marino M. The Association of Mobility, Social Deprivation, and Pediatric Primary Care Outcomes in Community Health Centers. J Pediatr 2023; 259:113465. [PMID: 37179014 PMCID: PMC10524636 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2023.113465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine how social deprivation and residential mobility are associated with primary care use in children seeking care at community health centers (CHCs) overall and stratified by race and ethnicity. STUDY DESIGN We used electronic health record open cohort data from 152 896 children receiving care from 15 U S CHCs belonging to the OCHIN network. Patients were aged 3-17 years, with ≥2 primary care visits during 2012-2017 and had geocoded address data. We used negative binomial regression to calculate adjusted rates of primary care encounters and influenza vaccinations relative to neighborhood-level social deprivation. RESULTS Higher rates of clinic utilization were observed for children who always lived in highly deprived neighborhoods (RR = 1.11, 95% CI = 1.05-1.17) and those who moved from low-to-high deprivation neighborhoods (RR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.01-1.09) experienced higher rates of CHC encounters compared with children who always lived in the low-deprivation neighborhoods. This trend was similar for influenza vaccinations. When analyses were stratified by race and ethnicity, we found these relationships were similar for Latino children and non-Latino White children who always lived in highly deprived neighborhoods. Residential mobility was associated with lower rates of primary care. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that children living in or moving to neighborhoods with high levels of social deprivation used more primary care CHC services than children who lived in areas with low deprivation, but moving itself was associated with less care. Clinician and delivery system awareness of patient mobility and its impacts are important to addressing equity in primary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Lucas
- Department of Family Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR.
| | - Audree Hsu
- California University of Science and Medicine, Colton, CA
| | - John Heintzman
- Department of Family Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Steffani R Bailey
- Department of Family Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
| | - Shakira F Suglia
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | | | | | - Miguel Marino
- Department of Family Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR
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Lucas JA, Marino M, Giebultowicz S, Fankhauser K, Suglia SF, Bailey SR, Bazemore A, Heintzman J. Mobility and social deprivation on primary care utilisation among paediatric patients with asthma. Fam Med Community Health 2021; 9:fmch-2021-001085. [PMID: 34244305 PMCID: PMC8278882 DOI: 10.1136/fmch-2021-001085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Asthma care is negatively impacted by neighbourhood social and environmental factors, and moving is associated with undesirable asthma outcomes. However, little is known about how movement into and living in areas of high deprivation relate to primary care use. We examined associations between neighbourhood characteristics, mobility and primary care utilisation of children with asthma to explore the relevance of these social factors in a primary care setting. DESIGN In this cohort study, we conducted negative binomial regression to examine the rates of primary care visits and annual influenza vaccination and logistic regression to study receipt of pneumococcal vaccination. All models were adjusted for patient-level covariates. SETTING We used data from community health centres in 15 OCHIN states. PARTICIPANTS The sample included 23 773 children with asthma aged 3-17 across neighbourhoods with different levels of social deprivation from 2012 to 2017. We conducted negative binomial regression to examine the rates of primary care visits and annual influenza vaccination and logistic regression to study receipt of pneumococcal vaccination. All models were adjusted for patient-level covariates. RESULTS Clinic visit rates were higher among children living in or moving to areas with higher deprivation than those living in areas with low deprivation (rate ratio (RR) 1.09, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.17; RR 1.05, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.11). Children moving across neighbourhoods with similarly high levels of deprivation had increased RRs of influenza vaccination (RR 1.13, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.23) than those who moved but stayed in neighbourhoods of low deprivation. CONCLUSIONS Movement into and living within areas of high deprivation is associated with more primary care use, and presumably greater opportunity to reduce undesirable asthma outcomes. These results highlight the need to attend to patient movement in primary care visits, and increase neighbourhood-targeted population management to improve equity and care for children with asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Lucas
- Department of Family Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Miguel Marino
- Department of Family Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | | | - Katie Fankhauser
- Department of Family Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Shakira F Suglia
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Steffani R Bailey
- Department of Family Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Andrew Bazemore
- American Board of Family Medicine, Lexington, Kentucky, USA.,Center for Professionalism & Value in Health Care, Washington, DC, USA
| | - John Heintzman
- Department of Family Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.,OCHIN Inc, Portland, Oregon, USA
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Gailey S, Cross RI, Messer LC, Bruckner TA. Characteristics associated with downward residential mobility among birthing persons in California. Soc Sci Med 2021; 279:113962. [PMID: 34020159 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substantial research documents health consequences of neighborhood disadvantage. Patterns of residential mobility that differ by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic status (SES) may sort non-Hispanic (NH) Black and low-SES families into disadvantaged neighborhoods. In this study, we leverage a sibling-linked dataset to track residential mobility among birthing persons between pregnancies and investigate baseline characteristics associated with downward mobility, including race/ethnicity, SES, and pre-existing health conditions. METHODS We used a probabilistic linkage strategy to identify births to the same person between 2007 and 2015 (n = 624,222) and categorized downward residential mobility by quartile-level increases in neighborhood disadvantage. We defined strong downward mobility as a move from a neighborhood with very low (quartile 1) to very high (quartile 4) disadvantage and estimated the logit (i.e., log-odds) of strong downward mobility as a function of racial/ethnic, sociodemographic, and health characteristics of the birthing person and their first birth. We further explored the role of neighborhood housing affordability by examining changes in affordability from first to second birth by race/ethnicity. RESULTS NH Black birthing persons show an over three-fold increased odds of strong downward mobility relative to NH white birthing persons (OR = 3.34, CI: 2.91, 3.84). To a lesser extent, Hispanic race/ethnicity, WIC receipt, low educational attainment, obesity, and infant preterm birth (PTB) also predict strong downward mobility. Examination of changes in neighborhood affordability indicate that over half of NH Black birthing persons move to a more affordable neighborhood, compared to less than a quarter of NH white birthing persons, before the birth of their second child. Results remain consistent across outcomes, measures of neighborhood SES, and modified log-Poisson models. CONCLUSION We find an elevated risk of strong downward mobility among NH Black and low-SES birthing persons. Future research may identify other factors (e.g., housing affordability) that generate downward residential mobility to identify interventions that promote neighborhood equity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Gailey
- School of Social Ecology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Rebekah Israel Cross
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lynne C Messer
- OHSU-PSU School of Public Health, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Tim A Bruckner
- Program in Public Health & Center for Population, Inequality, and Policy, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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Choi H, Oishi S. The psychology of residential mobility: a decade of progress. Curr Opin Psychol 2019; 32:72-75. [PMID: 31401423 DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2019.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Residential mobility has become a common experience for people in most parts of the world. As the number of people moving to different cities, states, and countries increases, it is critical to understand how this residential mobility affects one's thoughts, emotions, and actions. Psychological research on residential mobility over a decade is such an endeavor. We briefly summarize the earlier research in psychology that demonstrated the importance of residential mobility in understanding important psychological constructs such as self-concepts, social relationships, and well-being. We then review recent evidence in psychology and relevant fields that replicated and extended the earlier research. We discuss what is missing in the current literature and what additional research is needed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyewon Choi
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, United States.
| | - Shigehiro Oishi
- Department of Psychology, Columbia University, United States
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León-Pérez G. Internal migration and the health of Indigenous Mexicans: A longitudinal study. SSM Popul Health 2019; 8:100407. [PMID: 31193502 PMCID: PMC6529827 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2019.100407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale Indigenous peoples have historically comprised a substantial part of migration streams around the world, yet our understanding of the effects of migration on indigenous health is limited. Objective To explore the migration-indigenous health relationship by assessing the impact of internal migration on the self-rated health trajectories of indigenous Mexicans. Data and method Using three waves of data (2002-2012) from the Mexican Family Life Survey, I estimated linear growth curves to examine differences in initial self-rated health and changes in self-rated health between indigenous and non-indigenous respondents (N = 12,533). Then, I investigated whether migrating domestically during the study period shaped indigenous health trajectories. Results At the baseline interview (before migration), indigenous migrants reported significantly better self-rated health than indigenous non-migrants and than all non-indigenous respondents. In spite of their better initial health, indigenous migrants' health deteriorated substantially after migration, such that by the time of the last interview they reported the worst health. The self-rated health of all other groups improved during the same period. Conclusion Findings provide evidence of pre-migration health selection and post-migration health deterioration among Mexican indigenous migrants. These results suggest that internal migration is a risk factor that has an independent effect on indigenous health even after adjusting for personal, family, socioeconomic, and health care factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela León-Pérez
- Department of Sociology, Virginia Commonwealth University, 827 West Franklin Street, Richmond, VA, 23284-2040, USA
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Luk JW, Sita KR, Gilman SE, Goldstein RB, Haynie DL, Simons-Morton BG. Adolescent Sexual Orientation and Developmental Transition in Emerging Adulthood: Disparities in School, Work, Residence, and Transportation. J Adolesc Health 2018; 63:649-651. [PMID: 30077549 PMCID: PMC8386292 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2018.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine associations between adolescent sexual minority status and developmental transitions in school, work, residence, and transportation 5 years later. METHOD We analyzed data from Waves 2 (Mean age = 17.2) and 7 (Mean age = 22.6) of the NEXT Generation Health Study (n = 2,000). Relative risks were estimated using Poisson regressions. RESULTS Relative to heterosexual females, sexual minority females were more likely to report not attending school (relative risk [RR] = 1.27, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.02, 1.59), not anticipating college completion (RR = 1.60, 95% CI = 1.27, 2.01), and not having a driver's license (RR = 2.64, 95% CI 1.38, 5.05) at Wave 7. Relative to heterosexual males, sexual minority males were more likely to report living in three or more places in the past year (RR = 2.98, 95% CI = 1.31, 6.76). CONCLUSIONS Adolescent sexual minority status predicted worse educational outcomes among females and more unstable living environment among males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy W. Luk
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Kellienne R. Sita
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Stephen E. Gilman
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland,Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Risë B. Goldstein
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Denise L. Haynie
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Bruce G. Simons-Morton
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Intramural Population Health Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland
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Shackleton N, Darlington-Pollock F, Norman P, Jackson R, Exeter DJ. Longitudinal deprivation trajectories and risk of cardiovascular disease in New Zealand. Health Place 2018; 53:34-42. [PMID: 30053650 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We used longitudinal information on area deprivation status to explore the relationship between residential-deprivation mobility and Cardiovascular Disease (CVD). Data from 2,418,397 individuals who were: enrolled in any Primary Health Organisation within New Zealand (NZ) during at least 1 of 34 calendar quarters between 1st January 2006 and 30th June 2014; aged between 30 and 84 years (inclusive) at the start of the study period; had no prior history of CVD; and had recorded address information were analysed. Including a novel trajectory analysis, our findings suggest that movers are healthier than stayers. The deprivation characteristics of the move have a larger impact on the relative risk of CVD for younger movers than for older movers. For older movers any kind of move is associated with a decreased risk of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nichola Shackleton
- Centre of Methods and Policy Application in the Social Sciences (COMPASS), Faculty of Arts, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | | | - Paul Norman
- School of Geography, University of Leeds, UK
| | - Rodney Jackson
- Section of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Daniel John Exeter
- Section of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, School of Population Health, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Differences in the risk of cardiovascular disease for movers and stayers in New Zealand: a survival analysis. Int J Public Health 2017; 63:173-179. [PMID: 28707009 DOI: 10.1007/s00038-017-1011-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore if risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) for participants who moved before their first CVD event is higher than for stayers, and examine whether the relationship is moderated by ethnicity. METHODS The sample comprised 2,068,360 New Zealand residents enrolled in any Primary Health Organisation, aged between 30 and 84 years, had complete demographic information, and no prior history of CVD. Cox proportional regression was used to compare CVD risk between movers and stayers. The analysis was conducted for the whole sample and stratified by ethnicity. RESULTS The combined analysis suggested that movers have a lower risk of CVD than stayers. This is consistent for all ethnic groups with some variation according to experience of deprivation change following residential mobility. CONCLUSIONS Although mobile groups may have a higher risk of CVD than immobile groups overall, risk of CVD in the period following a residential mobility event is lower than for stayers. Results are indicative of a short-term healthy migrant effect comparable to that observed for international migrants.
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