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Embleton L, Boal A, Sawakar S, Chory A, Bandanapudi RM, Patel T, Levinson C, Vreeman R, Wu WJ, Diaz A, Ott MA. Characterizing models of adolescent and youth-friendly health services in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2024; 0:ijamh-2024-0001. [PMID: 38838271 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2024-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
This scoping review provides an up-to-date overview of the evidence on adolescent and youth-friendly health services (AYFHS) in sub-Saharan African countries. We conducted a search of four databases and grey literature sources to identify English language publications from January 1, 2005, to December 14th, 2022. The review synthesized evidence on the models and characteristics of AYFHS, the application of World Health Organization (WHO) standards, and whether AYFHS have improved young people's health outcomes. In total, 77 sources were included in the review, representing 47 AYFHS initiatives spanning 19 countries, and three multi-country reports. Most commonly, AYFHS were delivered in public health facilities and focused on sexual and reproductive health, with limited application of WHO standards. Some evidence suggested that AYFHS increased young people's health service utilization and contraceptives uptake. There is a clear need to strengthen and develop innovative and multi-pronged approaches to delivering and evaluating AYFHS in this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lonnie Embleton
- Department of Global Health and Health System Design, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Arnhold Institute for Global Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ava Boal
- Department of Global Health and Health System Design, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Arnhold Institute for Global Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sakshi Sawakar
- Department of Global Health and Health System Design, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Arnhold Institute for Global Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ashley Chory
- Department of Global Health and Health System Design, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Arnhold Institute for Global Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Riya Murty Bandanapudi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tirth Patel
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carrie Levinson
- Levy Library, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Rachel Vreeman
- Department of Global Health and Health System Design, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Arnhold Institute for Global Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wan-Ju Wu
- Department of Global Health and Health System Design, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Arnhold Institute for Global Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Angela Diaz
- Department of Global Health and Health System Design, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mary A Ott
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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Ighaede-Edwards IG, Liu X, Olawade DB, Ling J, Odetayo A, David-Olawade AC. Prevalence and predictors of bullying among in-school adolescents in Nigeria. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2023; 18:1329-1341. [PMID: 37293132 PMCID: PMC10244694 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2023.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective As an emerging significant public health issue affecting many students globally, school bullying is a threat that should not be disregarded. While several published studies have focused on bullying in developed countries, very little is known about the prevalence and predictors of bullying in Nigeria. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors of bullying in secondary schools in Edo State, Nigeria. Method A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 621 in-school adolescents using a multistage random sampling technique. The 40-item Olweus Bully/Victim Questionnaire (OBVQ) was utilized for data collection. The chi-squared test, Fisher's test, and binomial logistic regression analysis were utilized to examine associations between variables at 5% level of significance. Results Approximately half of the respondents (51.9%) had experienced at least one type of bullying, while 173 (27.9%) reported themselves as bullies. The most common type of bullying was physical bullying in different forms (belonging taken/stolen-68.3%; kicked, pushed or locked indoor-52.2%; threatened-47.8%), while the most common location of bullying was the classroom in the absence of a teacher (75%); the perpetrators were reported by the majority (58.3%) to be classmates. Respondents in junior classes were 1.61-fold more likely to be bullied than those in senior classes (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 1.60; confidence interval [CI]: 1.15-2.24), those who live in rural areas were 1.75-fold more likely to be bullied than urban cities (AOR: 0.45; CI: 0.58-1.80), and those who were frequently beaten by their parents were 2.28-fold more likely to be bullies than those who were not beaten (AOR: 2.16; CI: 1.33-3.52). Furthermore, the act of bullying others was significantly associated with family monthly income (p = 0.01). Conclusion Owing to the prevalence and predictors of bullying reported in this study, we recommend that policies should be implemented in schools to protect the most affected and vulnerable groups from being victims of school bullying.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabella G. Ighaede-Edwards
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoqun Liu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - David B. Olawade
- Center for Population and Reproductive Health, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Education, University of South Wales, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Jonathan Ling
- Faculty of Health Sciences and Wellbeing, University of Sunderland, United Kingdom
| | - Aderonke Odetayo
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, SAR, Hong Kong
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Kugbey N. Prevalence and correlates of substance use among school-going adolescents (11-18years) in eight Sub-Saharan Africa countries. Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy 2023; 18:44. [PMID: 37420290 PMCID: PMC10329385 DOI: 10.1186/s13011-023-00542-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Substance use constitutes a major public health issue especially among adolescents as it has associated adverse behavioural, health, social and economic outcomes. However, there is a paucity of comprehensive evidence on the prevalence and associated factors of substance use (alcohol, marijuana and amphetamine) among school-going adolescents in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This study examined the magnitude of substance use and its associated factors among school-going adolescents in eight eligible sub-Saharan Africa countries. METHODS Data for the study were obtained from the Global School-based Health Survey (2012-2017) of 8 countries in SSA (N = 16,318). RESULTS Findings showed overall prevalence rates of 11.3% (95%CI = 10.8 - 11.8%), 2% (95%CI = 1.8 - 2.2%) and 2.6% (95%CI = 2.3 - 2.9%) for current alcohol use, current marijuana use and lifetime amphetamine use, respectively between 2012 and 2017. Late adolescence (15-18 years), being male, anxiety, bullying, fighting, truancy, having close friends, current cigarette smoking and tobacco use are significant risk factors for alcohol use. Anxiety, truancy, current cigarette smoking, tobacco use and suicidal attempt are significant risk factors for marijuana use. Anxiety, bullying, truancy, current cigarette smoking, tobacco use and suicidal attempt are significant risk factors for amphetamine use. Parental knowledge of activity, supervision and respect of privacy are significant protective factors of substance use. CONCLUSION There is the need for comprehensive public health policies beyond school-based psycho-behavioural interventions targeting the significant risk factors of substance use among school-going adolescents in SSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuworza Kugbey
- School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, University of Environment and Sustainable Development, Somanya, Ghana.
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Mayanja Y, Kamacooko O, Lunkuse JF, Kyegombe N, Ruzagira E. Prevalence, Perpetrators, and Factors Associated With Intimate Partner Violence Among Adolescents Living in Urban Slums of Kampala, Uganda. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2023; 38:8377-8399. [PMID: 36825721 DOI: 10.1177/08862605231155128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Intimate partner violence (IPV) poses a public health burden, yet few studies have assessed co-existence of physical, emotional, and sexual IPV among adolescents. We assessed recent IPV victimization and associated factors and described IPV patterns and perpetrators among young people from urban slums in Kampala, Uganda. We conducted a prospective cohort study among 14 to 19-year-old individuals enrolled from March 2019 to March 2020 and followed quarterly for 12 months. We collected data on socio-demographics, sexual behavior, and substance use through interviews. Recent IPV victimization was documented at all visits if a participant reported experiencing physical, emotional, and/or sexual IPV in the past 3 months. Baseline factors associated with recent IPV victimization were determined using multivariable logistic regression. We enrolled 490 adolescents (60.6% female) with median age 18 years (Interquartile range (IQR) 17-18 years), 91.0% had less than secondary level education. Females mainly engaged in sex work (17.5%) and selling fruits/snacks (9.1%) while males commonly earned from sale of metal scrap or plastic waste (28.5%), 41% reported ≥10 life-time sexual partners, 16.1% were high-risk alcohol drinkers and 34.9% used illicit drugs in the past 3 months. Overall, 27.8% reported recent IPV victimization (20.0% females) with emotional IPV being common (17.8%). At baseline, recent IPV victimization was associated with high-risk alcohol consumption (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.57; 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.44, 4.58]), reported paid sex in the past 3 months (aOR 1.82; [1.02, 3.22]) and being separated (aOR 2.47; [1.29, 4.73]). Recent IPV victimization declined from baseline to month 9 and increased at month 12 visits which coincided with the COVID-19 pandemic. IPV victimization is high among young people living in urban slums with emotional IPV being prevalent. IPV interventions are needed and should also address excessive alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunia Mayanja
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI and LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Onesmus Kamacooko
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI and LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Jane Frances Lunkuse
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI and LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Nambusi Kyegombe
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI and LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Eugene Ruzagira
- Medical Research Council/Uganda Virus Research Institute and London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (MRC/UVRI and LSHTM) Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Fekih-Romdhane F, Malaeb D, Sarray El Dine A, Obeid S, Hallit S. The relationship between smartphone addiction and aggression among Lebanese adolescents: the indirect effect of cognitive function. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:735. [PMID: 36572845 PMCID: PMC9791769 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03808-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite a large body of research has shown that smartphone addiction (SA) is associated with aggressive behaviors, only a few mediators have been previously examined in this relationship among early adolescent students. No previous studies have explored, to our knowledge, the indirect role of cognitive function despite its great importance during this life period. This study is intended to verify whether cognitive function have indirect effects on the relationship between SA and aggression among high-school students in the context of Lebanese culture. METHODS This was a cross-sectional designed study, conducted between January and May 2022, and enrolling 379 Lebanese adolescent students (aged 13-17 years). The Cognitive Functioning Self-Assessment Scale, the Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire-Short Form, and the Smartphone Addiction Scale-Short form were used. RESULTS The bivariate analysis results revealed that higher SA and worse cognitive function were significantly associated with more physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger and hostility. The mediation analyses found that cognitive function mediated the association between SA and physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger and hostility. Higher SA was significantly associated with worse cognitive function and more physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger and hostility. Finally, worse cognitive function was significantly associated with more physical aggression, verbal aggression, anger and hostility. CONCLUSION Our findings cautiously suggest that, to reduce adolescent students' aggression, interventions that promote cognitive performance may be effective. Particularly, students who are addicted to smartphones and show aggressive tendencies require interventions designed to improve cognition function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feten Fekih-Romdhane
- The Tunisian Center of Early Intervention in Psychosis, Department of psychiatry “Ibn Omrane”, Razi hospital, 2010 Manouba, Tunisia ,grid.12574.350000000122959819Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Diana Malaeb
- grid.444421.30000 0004 0417 6142School of Pharmacy, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon ,grid.411884.00000 0004 1762 9788College of Pharmacy, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Abir Sarray El Dine
- grid.444421.30000 0004 0417 6142Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese International University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sahar Obeid
- grid.411323.60000 0001 2324 5973Social and Education Sciences Department, School of Arts and Sciences, Lebanese American University, Jbeil, Lebanon
| | - Souheil Hallit
- grid.444434.70000 0001 2106 3658School of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik, P.O. Box 446, Jounieh, Lebanon ,grid.411423.10000 0004 0622 534XApplied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan ,grid.512933.f0000 0004 0451 7867Research Department, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jal Eddib, Lebanon
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Musizvingoza R, Tirivayi N, Otchere F, Viola F. Risk factors of adolescent exposure to violence in Burkina Faso. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:2405. [PMID: 36544171 PMCID: PMC9771600 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-14854-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally violence against children and adolescents is a significant public health problem. Since children rely on family for early learning and socialization, evidence of the factors associated with exposure to violence within households may inform the development of policies and measures to prevent violence and aid the victims of violence. This study examines the risk and protective factors associated with adolescents' exposure to violence at home and how these differ by gender and age in four regions of Burkina Faso. MATERIALS AND METHODS We used data from the baseline survey of the Child-Sensitive Social Protection Programme (CSSPP) conducted in four regions of Burkina Faso. The CSSPP is a cash transfer programme accompanied by complimentary nutrition, and water and sanitation interventions to address multidimensional child poverty. We employed bivariate and multivariable regression analysis on a sample of 2222 adolescents aged 10-19 to explore the risk and protective factors associated with exposure to violence. RESULTS Results show that exposure to psychological violence (22.7%) was more common within the households when compared to physical violence (9.1%). Adolescent girls reported more exposure to physical violence while boys reported more exposure to psychological violence. Significant risk factors associated with the likelihood of exposure to violence among girls are orphanhood, living in a household receiving safety nets and living in a Muslim-majority community. Among boys, age, school attendance, disability, a household receiving safety nets, sharing a household with a depressed individual, and living in a Muslim-majority community, were associated with exposure to violence. CONCLUSIONS These gender-specific findings highlight the importance of family background characteristics and can be used to inform and strengthen the targeting of vulnerable children and adolescents in interventions aimed at reducing exposure to violence against children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald Musizvingoza
- grid.460097.cUnited Nations University International Institute for Global Health (UNU IIGH), 56000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nyasha Tirivayi
- UNICEF-Office of Research-Innocenti, Florence, Italy, Via Degli Alfani 58, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Frank Otchere
- UNICEF-Office of Research-Innocenti, Florence, Italy, Via Degli Alfani 58, 50121 Florence, Italy
| | - Francesca Viola
- UNICEF-Office of Research-Innocenti, Florence, Italy, Via Degli Alfani 58, 50121 Florence, Italy
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Mavura RA, Nyaki AY, Leyaro BJ, Mamseri R, George J, Ngocho JS, Mboya IB. Prevalence of substance use and associated factors among secondary school adolescents in Kilimanjaro region, northern Tanzania. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274102. [PMID: 36054121 PMCID: PMC9439258 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Substance use among school-going adolescents increases the risk of developing mental disorders, addiction, and substance use disorders. These may lead to poor academic performance and reduced productivity, which affects adolescent lives. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of substance use and associated factors among secondary school adolescents in the Kilimanjaro region, northern Tanzania.
Methodology
The study used secondary data from a cross-sectional survey of adolescents aged 10–19 years from public secondary schools in the Kilimanjaro Region, northern Tanzania. Substance use was measured using the Global School Health Survey (GSHS) questionnaire. Categorical variables were summarized using frequencies and percentages, while numerical variables used mean and standard deviation. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to obtain odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to determine risk factors associated with lifetime and current (within the past 30 days preceding the survey) substance use.
Results
The lifetime and current prevalence of substance use among 3224 adolescents was 19.7% and 12.8%, respectively, while alcohol and cigarettes were commonly used. Female adolescents had lower odds of current substance use (OR = 0.63, 95%CI 0.50–0.80). Higher odds of current substance use were among adolescents who have ever had sex (OR = 4.31, 95%CI 3.25–5.71), ever engaged in a physical fight (OR = 2.19, 95%CI 1.73–2.78), ever been bullied (OR = 1.55, 95%CI 1.16–2.05), always seen alcohol advertisements (OR = 1.87, 95%CI 1.37–2.53), and adolescents whose parent/guardians rarely understood their problems (OR = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.03–1.85). Adolescents whose classmates always showed social support had lower odds of current substance use (AOR = 0.71, 95%CI 0.53–0.97). Similar factors were associated with lifetime substance users.
Conclusion
The study reflects a high prevalence of substance use among adolescents in the Kilimanjaro region. Alcohol and cigarette are the most prevalent substances used. Regulatory measures are essential to limit alcohol advertisements that are media portrayed. Efforts are needed to reduce risk behaviors, such as physical violence and bullying, through peer support groups/clubs in school environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehema A. Mavura
- Community Health Department, Institute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
- * E-mail:
| | - Ahmed Y. Nyaki
- Community Health Department, Institute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Beatrice J. Leyaro
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Redempta Mamseri
- Community Health Department, Institute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Johnston George
- Community Health Department, Institute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - James S. Ngocho
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
| | - Innocent B. Mboya
- Community Health Department, Institute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Institute of Public Health, Kilimanjaro Christian Medical University College, Moshi, Tanzania
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